JP2018064066A - High-temperature superconducting wire with normal conduction transition detection sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
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本発明は、常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal conduction transition detection sensor.
臨界温度が十分低い低温超電導線材、これを用いた低温超電導ケーブル低温超電導コイル、低温超電導マグネットおよび低温超電導マグネットシステムにおいては、常電導転移検出には、一般的に電圧法が用いられてきた。これは、何らかの原因で超電導状態が崩れた場合に、常電導部が素早く伝播する（常電導伝播が速い）ために大きな電圧上昇が起こり、電圧上昇が容易に検知できるためである。常電導転移を検知した後に、輸送電流を外部抵抗につないだ回路によって減衰させれば、上記線材、コイル等の焼損を防ぐことができる。 In a low temperature superconducting wire having a sufficiently low critical temperature, a low temperature superconducting cable using the same, a low temperature superconducting coil, a low temperature superconducting magnet, and a low temperature superconducting magnet system, a voltage method has been generally used for detecting a normal conducting transition. This is because when the superconducting state breaks down for some reason, the normal conducting portion propagates quickly (normal conducting propagation is fast), so that a large voltage rise occurs and the voltage rise can be easily detected. After detecting the normal conducting transition, if the transport current is attenuated by a circuit connected to an external resistance, the wire rod, coil, etc. can be prevented from being burned.
一方、臨界温度の高い高温超電導線材、これを用いた高温超電導ケーブル、高温超電導コイル、高温超電導マグネットおよび高温超電導マグネットシステムにおいては、何らかの原因で超電導状態が崩れた場合に、常電導伝播が非常に遅く、局所的に発熱・温度上昇が起こりやすい。したがって、電圧法を用いた場合には、常電導転移による電圧上昇を検知する前に、上記線材、コイル等が焼損してしまう危険性がある。 On the other hand, in high-temperature superconducting wire with high critical temperature, high-temperature superconducting cable using this, high-temperature superconducting coil, high-temperature superconducting magnet, and high-temperature superconducting magnet system, if the superconducting state breaks down for some reason, normal conduction propagation is very It is slow and tends to generate heat and temperature locally. Therefore, when the voltage method is used, there is a risk that the wire rod, the coil, and the like are burned out before the voltage increase due to the normal conduction transition is detected.
このような常電導部の伝播速度の違いは、運転温度から常電導転移に至るまでのエネルギーの大きさの違いに起因する。常電導転移が発生した場所で局所的に温度が上昇すると、温度勾配（熱伝導）による周囲への熱エネルギーの輸送が発生する。低温超電導線材を用いた場合、常電導転移に至るまでのエネルギーが小さく、小さな温度勾配による熱エネルギーの輸送でも、容易に周囲を常電導転移させることができるため、常電導伝播が非常に速い。 Such a difference in propagation speed of the normal conducting portion is caused by a difference in energy magnitude from the operating temperature to the normal conducting transition. When the temperature rises locally at the place where the normal conduction transition occurs, the thermal energy is transported to the surroundings by the temperature gradient (heat conduction). When a low-temperature superconducting wire is used, the energy to reach the normal conduction transition is small, and the normal conduction transition is very fast because the surroundings can be easily transitioned to the normal conduction even by transport of thermal energy by a small temperature gradient.
一方、高温超電導線材を用いた場合には、常電導転移に至るまでのエネルギーが大きいため、周囲を常電導転移させる熱エネルギーを輸送するためには、大きな温度勾配が必要となる。すなわち、高温超電導線材で常電導伝播（電圧上昇）が発生する前に、常電導転移部の局所的温度上昇が発生する必要があるため、電圧検出の前に焼損するという現象が起こり得る。したがって、高温超電導線材、およびコイルを焼損させないためには、常電導転移の予兆の段階で検出する、または常電導電圧が非常に小さい段階で常電導転移を検出する必要がある。 On the other hand, when a high-temperature superconducting wire is used, a large temperature gradient is required to transport the thermal energy that causes the normal conducting transition around because the energy required to reach the normal conducting transition is large. That is, before the normal conduction propagation (voltage rise) occurs in the high-temperature superconducting wire, it is necessary to cause a local temperature rise in the normal conduction transition portion, which may cause a phenomenon of burning before voltage detection. Therefore, in order not to burn the high-temperature superconducting wire and the coil, it is necessary to detect the normal conductive transition at a stage where the normal conductive transition is predicted or at a stage where the normal conductive pressure is very small.
高温超電導線材、ケーブル、コイルの常電導転移によって発生する、レベルの微小な電圧を検出できる電圧計が存在していたとしても、コイル励磁等で発生する誘導電圧のノイズのレベルのほうが大きいために、電圧法での常電導転移の検知は容易ではない。誘導電圧のノイズの問題を解決するために、補償コイルを用いる方法も提案されているが、依然として微小電圧の検知が必要であるという課題は残っている。 Even if there is a voltmeter that can detect a minute level of voltage generated by normal conduction transition of high-temperature superconducting wire, cable, and coil, the noise level of the induced voltage generated by coil excitation is larger. However, it is not easy to detect the normal conduction transition by the voltage method. In order to solve the problem of noise of the induced voltage, a method using a compensation coil has been proposed, but the problem that a minute voltage needs to be detected still remains.
電圧法に変わる常電導転移検出方法として、温度上昇、もしくは温度に依存して変化する物理量を検知する方法が利用できる。そのような方法として、例えば、超電導体上に設置したカーボン膜の電圧から、微小な温度変化を検知する方法がある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。これは、液体ヘリウムの温度から数Ｋ（ケルビン）程度という極低温領域において、カーボン膜の温度変化に対する電気抵抗変化が著しく大きいという性質を利用しているため、この温度領域においてのみ適用できる方法である。 As a normal conducting transition detection method that changes to the voltage method, a method of detecting a physical quantity that changes depending on temperature rise or temperature can be used. As such a method, for example, there is a method of detecting a minute temperature change from the voltage of a carbon film placed on a superconductor (see, for example, Patent Document 1). This is a method that can be applied only in this temperature range because it utilizes the property that the electrical resistance change with respect to the temperature change of the carbon film is remarkably large in the extremely low temperature range of about several K (Kelvin) from the temperature of liquid helium. is there.
また、超電導体の上に設置した光ファイバもしくはＦＢＧ（ファイバーブラッググレーディング）を用いて、微小な温度変化を検知する方法もある（例えば、特許文献２、３または４参照）。これは温度変化によって、光ファイバ中の光の伝播特性が変化することを利用するものである。 There is also a method of detecting a minute temperature change using an optical fiber or FBG (fiber Bragg grading) installed on a superconductor (see, for example, Patent Document 2, 3 or 4). This utilizes the fact that the propagation characteristics of light in the optical fiber change due to temperature changes.
常電導転移検出とは別の用途で、液体ヘリウムや液体水素などの極低温冷媒の液面計に温度センサーを用いる事例がある。例えば、超電導線材の常電導転移現象を利用した液面計も提案されており、液体ヘリウムの液面計にはＮｂＴｉが、液体水素の液面計にはＭｇＢ２が主に利用されている（例えば、特許文献５または６参照）。これは、温度が、液面より下では、液面計に使用されている超電導線材の臨界温度を下回り、液面より上では、当該超電導線材の臨界温度を上回る特性を利用したものであり、電圧測定により液面の判定が可能である。 There is an example in which a temperature sensor is used for a liquid level gauge of a cryogenic refrigerant such as liquid helium or liquid hydrogen, which is an application different from the detection of normal conduction transition. For example, a liquid level gauge using the normal conduction transition phenomenon of a superconducting wire has been proposed. NbTi is mainly used for a liquid helium level gauge, and MgB 2 is mainly used for a liquid hydrogen level gauge ( For example, see Patent Document 5 or 6). This is because the temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the superconducting wire used in the level gauge below the liquid level, and the characteristic above the critical temperature of the superconducting wire is used above the liquid level. The liquid level can be determined by voltage measurement.
また、高温超電導線材が、この高温超電導線材より臨界電流が十分低い常電導転移検出用超電導線材と共巻されている高温超電導コイルが提案されており、コイルを構成する高温超電導線材の臨界電流に近い電流が流れる場合には、検出用超電導線材では臨界電流値を超える電流が流れることにより常電導転移が発生し、この常電導転移を検出することで、高温超電導コイルの常電導転移を早期に検出できるとしている（例えば、特許文献７参照）。しかしながら、高温超電導線材と検出用超電導線材のそれぞれへの電流供給方法、高温超電導線材と検出用超電導線材との間の電気／熱特性（電気絶縁をしているか否か、断熱をしているか否か）の条件、および高温超電導線材の臨界電流に近い電流が流れる場合に、検出用超電導線材で臨界電流値を超える電流が流れることに対する原理が明確に説明されていない。 Also, a high temperature superconducting coil has been proposed in which a high temperature superconducting wire is wound together with a normal conducting transition detection superconducting wire whose critical current is sufficiently lower than that of the high temperature superconducting wire, and the critical current of the high temperature superconducting wire constituting the coil has been proposed. When a close current flows, the normal superconducting transition occurs when a current exceeding the critical current value flows in the superconducting wire for detection. By detecting this normal conducting transition, the normal conducting transition of the high-temperature superconducting coil is accelerated. It can be detected (see, for example, Patent Document 7). However, the current supply method to each of the high-temperature superconducting wire and the detection superconducting wire, and the electrical / thermal characteristics between the high-temperature superconducting wire and the detection superconducting wire (whether they are electrically insulated or not insulated) The principle for the current exceeding the critical current value in the detection superconducting wire is not clearly explained when the current near the critical current of the high-temperature superconducting wire flows.
上記の通り、高温超電導線材、これを用いた高温超電導ケーブル、高温超電導コイル、高温超電導マグネットおよび高温超電導マグネットシステムでは、低温超電導線材で実績のある電圧法による常電導転移検出は困難である。 As described above, in the high-temperature superconducting wire, the high-temperature superconducting cable using the same, the high-temperature superconducting coil, the high-temperature superconducting magnet, and the high-temperature superconducting magnet system, it is difficult to detect the normal conducting transition by the voltage method that has been proven in the low-temperature superconducting wire.
特許文献１に記載されているカーボン膜を用いた常電導転移検出手法は４Ｋ付近での使用に限られたものであるという課題があった。また、特許文献２、３、４に記載されている光ファイバを用いた常電導転移検出手法では、光源、光測定機器が必要であり、実績のある電圧法に比べて計測システムが複雑化するという課題があった。また、光ファイバを設置する空間が必要であり、高温超電導線材を密に巻いてケーブル、コイル、マグネット、マグネットシステムを構成する場合、空間的な制約があるという課題もあった。 There has been a problem that the normal conduction transition detection method using the carbon film described in Patent Document 1 is limited to use in the vicinity of 4K. Moreover, in the normal conduction transition detection method using the optical fiber described in Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4, a light source and a light measurement device are required, and the measurement system is complicated compared to the proven voltage method. There was a problem. In addition, a space for installing an optical fiber is required, and when a high-temperature superconducting wire is tightly wound to configure a cable, coil, magnet, or magnet system, there is a problem that there is a spatial restriction.
特許文献７に記載されている常電導転移検出用超電導線材と共巻されている高温超電導コイルでは、高温超電導線材と検出用超電導線材のそれぞれへの電流供給方法、高温超電導線材と検出用超電導線材との間の電気／熱特性（電気絶縁をしているか否か、断熱をしているか否か）の条件、および高温超電導線材の臨界電流に近い電流が流れる場合に、検出用超電導線材で臨界電流値を超える電流が流れることに対する原理が明確に説明されていないという課題があった。また、常電導転移検出用超電導線材を共巻する（常電導転移検出用超電導線材を設置する空間が必要である）ため、高温超電導線材を密に巻いてケーブル、コイル、マグネット、マグネットシステムを構成する場合、空間的な制約があるという課題もあった。 In the high-temperature superconducting coil wound together with the normal conducting transition detection superconducting wire described in Patent Document 7, a method for supplying current to each of the high-temperature superconducting wire and the detecting superconducting wire, the high-temperature superconducting wire and the detecting superconducting wire When the current near the critical current of the high-temperature superconducting wire flows under the conditions of electrical / thermal characteristics (whether it is electrically insulated or insulated) between There has been a problem that the principle for flowing a current exceeding the current value is not clearly explained. In addition, since a superconducting wire for normal conduction transition detection is wound together (a space for installing the superconducting wire for normal conduction transition detection is required), a high-temperature superconducting wire is tightly wound to form a cable, coil, magnet, and magnet system. When doing so, there was also a problem that there was a spatial restriction.
なお、特許文献５、６に記載されている超電導線材を温度センサーとして用いた極低温冷媒の液面計は、超電導線材の常電導領域を電圧測定によって評価するものであり、電圧法による常電導転移検出と同様に、簡易な計測システムでの構成が可能である。また、超電導線材を温度センサーとして液面計以外に適用することもできると考えられる。 In addition, the cryogenic refrigerant liquid level gauge using the superconducting wire described in Patent Documents 5 and 6 evaluates the normal conducting region of the superconducting wire by voltage measurement. As with metastasis detection, a simple measurement system can be configured. It is also considered that the superconducting wire can be applied to a temperature sensor other than the liquid level gauge.
本発明は、このような課題に着目してなされたもので、電流輸送用に用いる高温超電導テープ線材の安定化材に、温度センサーとして常電導検出用の超電導線材を配置することで、電圧法と同様の計測システムでの常電導転移検出ができ、光ファイバを用いたものや共巻線材のような空間的な制約がない、常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材を提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made paying attention to such a problem, and by placing a superconducting wire for detecting normal conduction as a temperature sensor on a stabilizing material of a high-temperature superconducting tape wire used for current transportation, a voltage method is provided. The purpose is to provide a high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal-conducting transition detection sensor that can detect the normal-conducting transition in a measurement system similar to that of the sensor and does not have spatial constraints such as those using optical fibers and co-winding materials. To do.
本発明に係る常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材は、高温超電導体と安定化材とを有する電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材と、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材（温度センサーとしての機能を持つ）とを有することを特徴とするものである。 The high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal-conducting transition detection sensor according to the present invention includes a high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport having a high-temperature superconductor and a stabilizing material, and a superconducting wire for detecting a normal-conducting transition (function as a temperature sensor). It is characterized by having.
常電導転移検出用の超電導線材は、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材の安定化材に接触している、または埋め込まれていることが好ましい。また、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材は、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材の安定化材とは、電気的に絶縁されていることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conducting transition is in contact with or embedded in the stabilizer for the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport. Moreover, it is preferable that the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition is electrically insulated from the stabilizer for the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport.
常電導転移検出用の超電導線材には、その使用温度、磁場環境において臨界電流を下回る検出用電流を流すよう構成されていることが好ましい。この場合、上述の通り、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材と電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材とは電気的に絶縁されているため、輸送電流と検出用電流はそれぞれ独立した回路で流れ、当該線材間での転流が発生しない。 It is preferable that the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition is configured to pass a detection current lower than the critical current at the operating temperature and magnetic field environment. In this case, as described above, since the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition and the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport are electrically insulated, the transport current and the detection current flow in independent circuits, respectively. There is no commutation between wires.
本発明に係る常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材は、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材内の高温超電導体で常電導転移が発生すると、電流が安定化材に迂回し、ジュール損失により局所的な温度上昇が発生する。この温度上昇によって発生した温度勾配により、熱エネルギーが常電導転移検出用の超電導線材に移動する。これにより常電転移検出用の超電導線材に温度上昇が発生する。常電導転移検出用の超電導線材の温度が臨界温度、または分流温度（臨界電流が検出用電流と同一になる温度）に達すると、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材は常電導転移し、ジュール損失による温度上昇が引き起こされる。 The high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal-conducting transition detection sensor according to the present invention is such that when the normal-conducting transition occurs in the high-temperature superconductor in the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport, the current is diverted to the stabilizing material, and local due to Joule loss. Temperature rises. Due to the temperature gradient generated by this temperature rise, the thermal energy moves to the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition. As a result, a temperature rise occurs in the superconducting wire for detecting the normal current transition. When the temperature of the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conducting transition reaches the critical temperature or the shunt temperature (the temperature at which the critical current becomes the same as the detecting current), the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conducting transition undergoes normal conducting transition and Joule loss. Causes the temperature to rise.
常電導転移検出用の超電導線材の臨界温度、または分流温度に達するまでのエネルギーが、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材の臨界温度、または分流温度に達するまでのエネルギーに比べて十分小さければ、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材の常電導転移領域で局所的な温度上昇が起こる過程で、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材において先に常電導伝播が発生する。このため、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材における常電導伝播によって発生する電圧を測定することで、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材の常電導転移、またはその予兆の検出が可能になる。 If the energy to reach the critical temperature or shunt temperature of the superconducting wire for detecting normal conduction transition is sufficiently smaller than the energy to reach the critical temperature or shunt temperature of the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport, In the process where a local temperature rise occurs in the normal conduction transition region of the high temperature superconducting tape wire for transportation, normal conduction propagation first occurs in the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition. For this reason, by measuring the voltage generated by normal conduction propagation in the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition, it becomes possible to detect the normal conduction transition of the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport or its precursor.
常電導転移検出用の超電導線材の臨界温度は、超電導体を変更することで調整することが可能である。また、分流温度は、超電導体を変更する、または検出用電流の値を変えることで調整することが可能である。すなわち、超電導体および検出用電流の変更により、どの程度の温度を検出する温度センサーとするかの調整が可能である。本発明は、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材の材質を限定するものではない。 The critical temperature of the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conducting transition can be adjusted by changing the superconductor. The shunt temperature can be adjusted by changing the superconductor or changing the value of the detection current. That is, it is possible to adjust the temperature sensor for detecting the temperature by changing the superconductor and the detection current. The present invention does not limit the material of the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conducting transition.
本発明に係る常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材は、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材が電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材の安定化材に接触してさえいれば、検出用の超電導線材の配置を特定するものではない。常電導転移検出用の超電導線材が安定化材に埋め込まれている場合には、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材を密に巻いてケーブル、コイル、マグネット、マグネットシステムを構成することが可能であり、共巻線材のような空間的な制約をもたらさない。 The high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal-conducting transition detection sensor according to the present invention is a superconducting wire for detection as long as the super-conducting wire for detecting the normal-conducting transition is in contact with the stabilizing material of the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport. It does not specify the arrangement. When a superconducting wire for detecting normal conduction transitions is embedded in a stabilizer, it is possible to configure a cable, coil, magnet, or magnet system by closely winding a high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport. , Does not cause spatial constraints like co-winding material.
本発明により、実績のある電圧法と同様の計測システムを用いて、超電導特性を低下させること無く、常電導転移（クエンチ）を良好な精度で検知可能であり、光ファイバを用いたものや共巻線材のような空間的な制約がない、常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材の提供が可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to detect a normal conducting transition (quenching) with good accuracy without degrading superconducting characteristics using a measurement system similar to the proven voltage method. It is possible to provide a high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal-conducting transition detection sensor that does not have a spatial restriction like a winding material.
次に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。なお、本発明は、請求項１、請求項２および請求項３であり、これらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
図１、図２、図３および図４は請求項１、請求項２および請求項３にある常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材の断面構造の例を示したものである。同様にして、本発明は、請求項１、請求項２および請求項３であり、以後に示す高温超電導テープ線材、および断面構造に限定されるものではない。
EXAMPLES Next, an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in more detail. In addition, this invention is Claim 1, Claim 2, and Claim 3, and is not limited to these Examples.
1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show examples of the cross-sectional structure of the high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal conduction transition detection sensor in claims 1, 2 and 3. Similarly, the present invention is the first, second, and third aspects, and is not limited to the high-temperature superconducting tape wire and the cross-sectional structure described below.
図１は、希土類系銅酸化物超電導体を用いた高温超電導テープ線材１の安定化材１ａ内に、電気的に絶縁された常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を配置する場合の、常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材の断面構造の例を示したものである。希土類系銅酸化物超電導体を用いた高温超電導テープ線材１は、基材１ｄ上に中間層１ｃを介して希土類系銅酸化物高温超電導体１ｂの薄膜が配置された構造をしている。さらに、図1に示すように、希土類系銅酸化物高温超電導体１ｂ上に主に銀、銅などで構成される安定化材１ａが配置されている。なお、安定化材１ａは、図１の事例とは異なり、基材１ｄ、中間層１ｃ、希土類系銅酸化物高温超電導体１ｂからなる構造体の周上全面に配置される場合もある。 FIG. 1 shows normal conduction in a case where an electrically insulated superconducting wire 2 for detecting a normal conduction transition is arranged in a stabilizing material 1a of a high-temperature superconducting tape wire 1 using a rare earth-based copper oxide superconductor. The example of the cross-section of a high temperature superconducting wire with a transition detection sensor is shown. A high-temperature superconducting tape wire 1 using a rare earth-based copper oxide superconductor has a structure in which a thin film of a rare earth-based copper oxide high-temperature superconductor 1b is disposed on a base material 1d via an intermediate layer 1c. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a stabilizing material 1a mainly composed of silver, copper or the like is disposed on a rare earth-based copper oxide high-temperature superconductor 1b. In addition, unlike the example of FIG. 1, the stabilizing material 1a may be arrange | positioned in the whole surface of the periphery which consists of the base material 1d, the intermediate | middle layer 1c, and the rare earth-type copper oxide high temperature superconductor 1b.
図２は、ビスマス系銅酸化物超電導体を用いた高温超電導テープ線材４の安定化材４ａ内に、電気的に絶縁された常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を配置する場合の、常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材の断面構造の例を示したものである。ビスマス系銅酸化物超電導体を用いた高温超電導テープ線材４は、主に銀で構成される安定化材４ａ中に複数のビスマス系銅酸化物高温超電導体４ｂのフィラメントを配置した構造になっている。 FIG. 2 shows normal conduction in the case where an electrically insulated superconducting wire 2 for detecting a normal conduction transition is arranged in a stabilizing material 4a of a high-temperature superconducting tape wire 4 using a bismuth-based copper oxide superconductor. The example of the cross-section of a high temperature superconducting wire with a transition detection sensor is shown. The high-temperature superconducting tape wire 4 using a bismuth-based cuprate superconductor has a structure in which filaments of a plurality of bismuth-type cuprate high-temperature superconductors 4b are arranged in a stabilizing material 4a mainly composed of silver. Yes.
図３は、希土類系銅酸化物超電導体を用いた高温超電導テープ線材１の安定化材１ａ上に、電気的に絶縁された常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を、何らかの固定部材５（例えば、エポキシ樹脂などの接着剤）を用いて配置する場合の、常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材の断面構造の例を示したものである。固定部材５が電気絶縁性のものであれば、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２をあらかじめ絶縁しなくても本発明として成立する。固定部材５が導電性のものである場合には、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材は、あらかじめ電気絶縁層３などで絶縁されていなければならない。 FIG. 3 shows an electrical insulation of a normal conducting transition detection superconducting wire 2 on a stabilizing material 1a of a high temperature superconducting tape wire 1 using a rare earth-based copper oxide superconductor. 2 shows an example of a cross-sectional structure of a high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal conduction transition detection sensor in the case of using an adhesive such as an epoxy resin. If the fixing member 5 is electrically insulative, the present invention can be established without insulating the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conducting transition in advance. In the case where the fixing member 5 is conductive, the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conducting transition must be previously insulated by the electrical insulating layer 3 or the like.
図４は、スクライビング加工を施した希土類系銅酸化物超電導体を用いた高温超電導テープ線材１に、電気的に絶縁された常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を、何らかの固定部材５（例えばエポキシ樹脂などの接着剤）を用いて配置する場合の、常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材の断面構造の例を示したものである。スクライビング加工部６に常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を配置することによって、線材断面形状を常電導転移検出用の超電導線材を配置する前と同等にすることができる。なお、上述の通り、固定部材５が電気絶縁性のものであれば、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２をあらかじめ絶縁しなくても本発明として成立する。固定部材５が導電性のものである場合には、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２は、あらかじめ電気絶縁層３などで絶縁されていなければならない。 FIG. 4 shows a high-temperature superconducting tape wire 1 using a rare earth-based copper oxide superconductor subjected to a scribing process, and an electrically insulated superconducting wire 2 for detecting a normal conduction transition, and a fixed member 5 (for example, epoxy). The example of the cross-sectional structure of the high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal conduction transition detection sensor when arrange | positioning using adhesives, such as resin, is shown. By disposing the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conducting transition in the scribing portion 6, the cross-sectional shape of the wire can be made equivalent to that before placing the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conducting transition. As described above, if the fixing member 5 is electrically insulative, the present invention is established even if the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conducting transition is not insulated in advance. When the fixing member 5 is conductive, the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conducting transition must be previously insulated by the electrical insulating layer 3 or the like.
図１、図２、図３および図４において、１本の常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を配置しているが、本発明は常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２の配置本数を制限するものではなく、複数の常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を配置してもよい。 In FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, one superconducting wire 2 for detecting a normal conducting transition is arranged. However, the present invention limits the number of superconducting wires 2 for detecting a normal conducting transition. Instead of this, a plurality of superconducting wires 2 for detecting normal conducting transitions may be arranged.
電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材１，４と常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２は、電気的に絶縁されており、それぞれに独立した電流を流すことになる。常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２には、その使用温度、磁場環境において臨界電流を下回る検出用電流を流しておく。なお、高温超電導テープ線材１，４の常電導転移または常電導転移の予兆と判断される温度と、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２の分流温度が一致するように検出用電流の値を設定する。 The high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 for current transport and the superconducting wire 2 for detecting normal conduction transition are electrically insulated, and an independent current flows through each of them. The superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conduction transition is supplied with a detection current lower than the critical current at the operating temperature and magnetic field environment. The detection current value is set so that the normal conduction transition of the high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 or the temperature judged to be a sign of the normal conduction transition coincides with the shunt temperature of the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conduction transition. To do.
常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２に流す検出用電流の値は、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材１，４および当該高温超電導テープ線材１，４により製作されたケーブル、コイル、マグネット、ケーブルの磁場特性に影響を与えない値に抑える必要がある。具体的な検出電流の値は、ケーブル、コイル、マグネットなどの精度にも依存するが、電流印加開始時の低電流時を除いて、高温超電導テープ線材１，４の輸送電流の１％以下に抑えておくことが好ましい。 The value of the detection current that flows through the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conduction transition is the value of the high-temperature superconducting tape wire 1 or 4 for current transport and the cable, coil, magnet, or cable manufactured by the high-temperature superconducting tape wire 1 or 4. It is necessary to suppress to a value that does not affect the magnetic field characteristics. The specific value of the detection current depends on the accuracy of the cable, coil, magnet, etc., but is less than 1% of the transport current of the high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 except for the low current at the start of current application. It is preferable to keep it down.
電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材１，４に流す輸送電流の方向と、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２に流す検出用電流の方向とに、制約はない。 There is no restriction on the direction of the transport current that flows through the high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 for current transport and the direction of the detection current that flows through the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conduction transition.
複数の常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２を配置する場合には、それぞれの常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２の分流温度を異なるものとすることによって、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材１，４の常電導転移または常電導転移の予兆と判断される温度を複数設定することができる。 In the case of arranging a plurality of superconducting wires 2 for detecting normal conduction transitions, the temperature of the superconducting wires 2 for detecting normal conduction transitions is made different from each other, so that the high temperature superconducting tape wires 1 for current transport are changed. It is possible to set a plurality of temperatures that are judged to be normal conduction transitions 4 or signs of normal conduction transitions.
図５は、電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材１，４が、局所的に臨界電流低下を発生させている場合に得られる特性を示したものである。局所的に臨界電流が低下している領域の臨界電流の値を輸送電流の値が超えた場合、当該領域で局所的に輸送電流が安定化材１ａ，４ａに迂回し、ジュール発熱が起こり始める。このジュール発熱により、当該領域の温度が時間経過とともに上がり、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２の分流温度（電流輸送用の高温超電導テープ線材１，４の常電導転移の予兆として設定した温度）に達した時点で、常電導転移検出用の超電導線材２で常電導転移が発生し、当該超電導線材２の電圧が急上昇する。この時点で常電導転移の予兆と解釈し、輸送電流をゼロにすることで高温超電導テープ線材１の常電導転移を回避することができる。輸送電流をゼロとしない場合には、その後も高温超電導テープ線材１，４の温度は上がり続け、ある温度に到達すると局所的に大幅な温度上昇を引き起こすようになり、高温超電導テープ線材１，４は焼損する。図５が示すように、高温超電導テープ線材１，４の電圧上昇が観測できるのは、この焼損時とほぼ同時刻である。 FIG. 5 shows the characteristics obtained when the high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 for current transportation cause a critical current drop locally. When the value of the transport current exceeds the value of the critical current in the region where the critical current is locally reduced, the transport current locally bypasses the stabilizing materials 1a and 4a in the region, and Joule heating starts to occur. . Due to this Joule heat generation, the temperature of the region increases with time, and the shunt temperature of the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conducting transition (the temperature set as a precursor of the normal conducting transition of the high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 for current transport) At this point, the normal conduction transition occurs in the superconducting wire 2 for detecting the normal conduction transition, and the voltage of the superconducting wire 2 rapidly increases. At this point, it is interpreted as a sign of normal conduction transition, and the normal conduction transition of the high-temperature superconducting tape wire 1 can be avoided by setting the transport current to zero. If the transport current is not zero, then the temperature of the high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 will continue to rise, and when a certain temperature is reached, a significant temperature rise will occur locally. Burns out. As shown in FIG. 5, the voltage increase of the high-temperature superconducting tape wires 1 and 4 can be observed at almost the same time as this burning.
１ （電流輸送用の）高温超電導テープ線材
１ａ 安定化材
１ｂ 希土類系銅酸化物高温超電導体
１ｃ 中間層
１ｄ 基材
２ （常電導転移検出用の）超電導線材
３ 電気絶縁層
４ （電流輸送用の）高温超電導テープ線材
４ａ 安定化材
４ｂ ビスマス系銅酸化物高温超電導体
５ 固定部材
６ スクライビング加工部
1 High-temperature superconducting tape wire (for current transport) 1a Stabilizing material 1b Rare-earth copper oxide high-temperature superconductor 1c Intermediate layer 1d Base material 2 Superconducting wire (for detecting normal conduction transition) 3 Electrical insulation layer 4 (For current transport) High temperature superconducting tape wire 4a Stabilizing material 4b Bismuth copper oxide high temperature superconductor 5 Fixing member 6 Scribbing part
Claims (3)
常電導転移検出用の超電導線材とを有することを
特徴とする常電導転移検出センサー付き高温超電導線材。 A high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport having a high-temperature superconductor and a stabilizing material; and
A high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal-conducting transition detection sensor, characterized by comprising a superconducting wire for detecting a normal-conducting transition.
When a normal conduction transition occurs in the high-temperature superconductor in the high-temperature superconducting tape wire for current transport, the current bypasses the stabilizing material, the stabilizing material generates heat with Joule loss, and the heat is stabilized. It is configured to conduct heat to the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition in contact with the material, and to conduct normal conduction when the superconducting wire for detecting the normal conduction transition reaches its critical temperature or shunt temperature. The high-temperature superconducting wire with a normal-conducting transition detection sensor according to claim 2.
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