JP2018062781A - Removal of water channel and method of newly constructing it on removed part - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water channel continuing to an existing one by removing only a defective part of a water channel while leaving its normal part intact without damaging a normal water channel, and by integrating the unremoved part left in the removed section with a separately and newly constructed precast water channel subsequently installed therein.SOLUTION: Left and right sidewall parts each stretching along inside of the corresponding outside walls of an existing defective water channel body and its base part laid thereunder are vertically cut by a predetermined length using a cutter; the water channel body and its base part constituting the underlayer part thereof are vertically cut in the traverse direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction from front to rear using the cutter; a concrete unit to be removed is separated from the left and right sidewall pieces and the base part pieces of the underlayer part left therein, and is removed; a new water channel having a width a little shorter than the width in the traverse direction of the removed concrete unit is installed in the space from where the concrete unit is removed, subsequent to adjusting the height of the base part; and small spaces each formed between the left and right sidewall pieces left therein and the left and right outside walls of the new water channel are filled with mortar to form a continuous and integrated body.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention separates and removes a waterway only in a specific section where damage has occurred in a waterway continuously extended in the longitudinal direction, and removes the waterway in which a new waterway is provided in the removal part and a new construction method for the removal part About.

  Many of the waterways provided in the side ditch of the road or the side ditch of the road in the tunnel have been used continuously since the Showa 40s, and have deteriorated over time after 40 years since the completion of the waterway, There are many cases in which various damages are caused by some external factors such as defects in the periphery and impacts.

  For example, a continuous opening serving as a water intake is exposed on the surface side of the water channel, but the upper left and right side walls forming the water intake are cantilevered portions and are structurally weak parts. Has been damaged or collapsed, and a phenomenon has occurred in which the opening width of the intake port, which is usually around 60 mm, expands to about 200 mm.

  If the intake port is expanded as described above, there is a risk of tire removal from a motorcycle or light vehicle. The cause of this expansion is due to the deterioration of the concrete on the surface side and corrosion of reinforcing bars due to the use over time, in addition to the location where the strength is structurally weak.

  In addition, there are cases where the entire waterway sinks due to ground and foundation problems in a predetermined section of the continuous waterway in the longitudinal direction, resulting in a step between the road surface and damage to the lower side of the waterway body. ing. One of the causes of the above problems is the subsidence of the embankment roadbed and the subsidence of the base supporting the waterway.

  A repair method for covering a damaged or collapsed portion with a separate lid is performed for the above-mentioned water intake on the surface side and problems around the water intake. For this purpose, a certain thickness at the top of the water channel is removed, a grating lid with a predetermined thickness is attached, and a striped steel plate lid is attached in consideration of smooth drainage.

  The former grating lid has the advantage of being able to use common materials, while the latter striped steel plate lid only requires anchored bolts to be installed in existing waterways, both of which require urgent It is excellent in workability as a countermeasure for trouble spots, and the stagnation mouth that becomes the intake port installed on the striped steel plate lid has sufficient drainage capacity, and it is the same as the rectangular channel with the same opening. Experiments have confirmed that drainage is possible even at a rainfall of 360 mm / hour.

  However, the former requires time, labor, and accuracy in removing the upper part of the canal, and there are difficulties in construction capacity and economy, and there is a risk of damaging the main body of the canal during removal.

  In the latter case, it is assumed that the longitudinal gradient in the short direction of the water channel changes and water accumulates, and if the inside of the water channel is damaged, water leakage occurs, There are concerns about the impact of the settlement on the road and the adverse effects on the roadbed.

  Furthermore, when the lower part of the water channel is damaged or the entire water channel is depressed, it is necessary to destroy the water channel and replace the entire channel, but it is difficult to cope with the boundary with the normal section. Therefore, there is a possibility that the normal waterway may be adversely affected in the construction for confirming the separation between the removed section and the remaining normal section.

  As shown in FIG. 10, Patent Document 1 described below shows a repair method in the case where the concrete at the intake port is partially damaged. A metal lid C that closes the opening of the water intake B in the water channel A, a metal fixing bracket D that is substantially arcuate along the curved surface of the water channel A, and is narrower than the width of the water intake B, and the metal The part where the concrete of the water intake B part in the water channel A is damaged and chipped by using the water channel repair metal parts composed of the fastening bolt E and the nut F that connect the central parts of the fixing metal D and the metal cover plate C. The metal cover plate C can be fixed in a state where the cover is closed, and can be easily repaired by simply covering the opening of the damaged portion in the water intake.

  However, as described above, this repair method could not cope with the case where the inside or the lower part of the water channel was damaged or the entire main body was depressed.

Utility Model Registration No. 3194020

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned drawbacks, and removes only the part of the water channel that has failed without damaging the normal water channel, leaving only a part of the water channel part, By integrating a newly installed precast water channel installed after that, it is possible to complete a water channel continuous with the existing water channel.

  The present invention cuts a predetermined length vertically across the longitudinal direction with a cutter in the left and right side wall portions and the lower layer base portion along the inner side from the outer side surface of the left and right side walls of the existing installed waterway body in which a problem has occurred. Cut the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and cut the water channel main body and the base portion which is the lower layer vertically with a cutter at every predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction. Forming a removed concrete unit separated from the installed waterway, separating the removed concrete unit from the left and right side wall pieces and the base part of the lower layer thereof, and removing the removed concrete unit in the removed space; A new water channel with a width slightly smaller than the width in the short direction is installed after adjusting the height of the base, and left and right side wall pieces left and right of the new water channel are left as above Wherein the new method to the removal and removal of the water channel formed by continuously integrated by filling the mortar in a small space between the side walls.

  Moreover, the base part which becomes the side wall part and the lower layer part along the inner side from the outer surface part of the left or right side wall of the installed waterway main body in which the existing trouble has occurred is vertically cut with a cutter over a predetermined length, Furthermore, the cutter is lowered from the intake of the water channel to cut the bottom part inside the water channel and the base part which is the lower layer part vertically over the longitudinal direction, and the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction cut in advance is the water channel body and The base part which becomes the lower layer part is vertically cut by the cutter at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the first half-removed concrete unit in which the longitudinal direction is separated from the existing installation water channel, A second half-separated concrete unit is formed by separating the remaining water channel from one of the existing installed water channels, and the first half-separated concrete unit is formed. Is removed from one of the left and right side wall pieces and the base piece of the lower layer portion, and the second half-removed concrete unit is separated from the existing water channel obliquely from above and removed. Left and right side wall pieces left after installing a new water channel having a width slightly smaller than the width in the short-side direction of the first and second half-removed concrete units in the space after adjusting the height of the base portion It is characterized by the removal of a waterway that is continuously integrated by filling mortar into any small space on either of the left and right outer walls of the new waterway and a new construction method for the removal part.

  Further, the new waterway of the removal part is characterized by the removal of the waterway having the same shape as the existing waterway and a reduced similar shape, and a new construction method for the removal part.

  In addition, the new water channel of the removal part is a surrounding body having a lid provided with a plurality of rectangular water intakes on the upper surface of the water channel, and the inner side is a continuous wall that is a semicircular cross-section and a substantially horseshoe-shaped peripheral wall. It is characterized by the removal of a waterway that is a space and a new construction method for the removal part.

  By the removal method of the waterway of the present invention and the new construction method to the removal part, it is possible to remove only a predetermined section of the waterway in which a problem has occurred without causing vibration or impact to the remaining waterway, and the end of the remaining waterway in the short direction Since the surface can be cut vertically, it is possible to install a new precast waterway from above in the removed space and integrate it with the remaining waterway, and only the defective part can be integrated into the new precast waterway It can be easily replaced.

  In addition, in the longitudinal direction of the left and right side wall portions, because it cuts leaving a part thereof, the cutter does not come into contact with the surrounding ground surface, so there is no rotation failure of the cutter due to frictional resistance such as earth and sand, and The mortar filling between the left and right side wall pieces or any of the left and right side wall pieces, which will be a part of the remaining water channel, and the new water channel provide the unity with the remaining water channel, so that the old and new can be obtained without any problems in that part. It became possible to obtain a continuous waterway.

  In addition, the removal of the water channel and the new construction method to the removal part can remove the defective portion in a short time, and the continuous integration with the remaining water channel of the new water channel can be performed in a short time. It was possible to quickly carry out repair work due to defects, and to shorten the time required for traffic regulation of vehicles.

(A) Sectional drawing which shows the state which cuts right and left side wall part side of an existing water channel perpendicularly, (b) The perspective view which shows the state which continued the cutting | disconnection over the longitudinal direction. (A) Side view which shows the state which cut | disconnects the transversal direction of an existing water channel perpendicularly, (b), (c) Sectional drawing which shows the relationship between the water channel of perpendicular | vertical cutting in a transversal direction, and a blade. The perspective view which shows the 2nd rotary blade cutting machine used for this construction method. The top view which shows the state which formed the pilot hole in the water channel. The perspective view which shows the state which removes a removal concrete unit. Sectional drawing which shows the state which installed the new water channel in the space after removal. Sectional drawing which shows the state holding the width direction of the space after removal of a removal concrete unit. Sectional drawing of another Example. (A) Sectional drawing of another newly established water channel, (b) The perspective view. Sectional drawing which shows the prior art example of waterway repair.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings illustrating embodiments thereof.

  FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing a method for removing a predetermined section of an existing water channel 1 in which a problem has occurred. First, a first rotation is performed on the left and right side walls in the longitudinal direction of the existing water channel 1 in which a problem has occurred. By rotating and lowering the blade 3 of the blade cutting machine 2, the right and left side walls are cut vertically from the upper surface 6 to the bottom surface 8 of the base portion 7 at a position approximately 30 mm inside each of the left and right side wall outer surfaces 4 and 5 of the water channel 1. The left and right longitudinal direction vertical cutting portions 9 and 10 are formed on the side. The base portion 7 is a base plate formed in advance to support the water channel 1 when it is installed.

  As described above, as shown in FIG. 1B, the position on the inner side of the outer surfaces 4 and 5 on the left and right side walls and the left and right end sides of the base portion 7 are advanced over the entire length in the longitudinal direction of the existing water channel 1 in which a defect has occurred. Thus, left and right longitudinal direction vertical cutting portions 9 and 10 are formed. Thereby, the left wall piece 11, the right wall piece 12, the left base piece 13 and the right base piece 14 are separated from the removal portion in the longitudinal direction. Even if the left and right side walls are cut along the longitudinal direction, new problems such as inclination and subsidence do not occur in the existing water channel 1. The cutting work for forming the left and right side wall pieces 11 and 12 and the left and right base part pieces 13 and 14 to form the left and right longitudinal direction vertical cutting parts 9 and 10 is carried out continuously with the same work preceding the water channel section to be removed. Since this is done, efficient construction becomes possible.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), at a predetermined interval at a position in the short direction, which is a direction orthogonal to the cutting position in the longitudinal direction on the left and right side walls previously cut by the vertical cutting step in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the existing water channel 1 in which a problem has occurred due to the lowering of the blade 16 by the second rotary blade cutter 15 is cut to reach the bottom surface 8 of the base portion 7.

  As shown in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 2B and 2C, the entire existing water channel 1 is cut vertically in the short direction by rotating the blade 16 down to the bottom surface 8 of the base portion 7. Can do. When the blade 16 reaches the bottom surface 8 of the base portion 7, it is possible to cut the longitudinal strength bars 17 arranged on the left and right side walls below the water channel 1. As described above, the cutting edge can reach the entire bottom surface 8 of the base portion 7 by rotating and lowering the disk-shaped blade 16 to the position where the strength bar 17 is cut.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the second rotary blade cutting machine 15 has a blade 16 that is rotatably fixed to a shaft 19 that moves up and down along a column 18, and a water channel that is removed as shown in FIG. A pilot hole 21 is formed in advance at a position in contact with a predetermined position of the first first short direction vertical cutting portion 20, and the strut 18 enters the pilot hole 21 as the blade 16 rotates and descends. The blade 16 can be lowered, the water channel 1 can be cut vertically and deeply, and the first short direction vertical cutting portion 20 can be formed.

  After the cutting of the first short direction vertical cutting part 20 is completed, the water channel 1 at the rear position separated by a predetermined distance in the longitudinal direction is cut to become the second short direction vertical cutting part 22 by the rotation and lowering of the blade 16 in the same manner as above. A place will be formed. The installation method of the 2nd rotary blade cutting machine 15 will be performed by providing the pilot hole 23 similarly to the time of the cutting | disconnection of the 1st transversal direction vertical cutting part 20. FIG.

  By forming the second short direction vertical cut portion 22 which is the rear position, the left and right longitudinal direction vertical cut portions 9 and 10 and the first and second short direction vertical cut portions which are formed on the left and right side walls in advance. A rectangular first removed concrete unit 24 that becomes a concrete block block of the water channel 1 is formed by being separated from the water channel 1 by 20 and 22. The dimension in the longitudinal direction of the first removed concrete unit 24 is determined by the weight that can be lifted by a crane or the like that is a general elevator 25, and for example, a dimension in the longitudinal direction of about 2 m is appropriately selected.

  In order to remove the first removed concrete unit 24, as shown in FIG. 5, connecting tools 26, 27 such as anchors are provided at the position of the upper surface 6 where the load is not deviated when the first removed concrete unit 24 is lifted. 28 and 29 are fixed in advance, and the connecting tools 26 to 29 and the lifting part of the elevator 25 are connected via the string-like body 30 so that lifting and removal are possible. Use an effective tool for lifting at least 3 tons. A string-like body 30 made of a chain, a wire or the like is connected to the elevator 25 in advance, and these are also connected to the connecting tools 26 to 29.

  The first removed concrete unit 24 is edge-cut with the existing water channel 1 by the left and right longitudinal direction vertical cutting parts 9 and 10 in the longitudinal direction and by the front and rear and transverse direction vertical cutting parts 20 and 22 in the short direction, On the side, since the bottom surface 8 of the base portion 7 is an installation surface that is continuous with the ground, it is possible to perform edge cutting with the ground by the ascending force of the elevator 25, and it can be removed.

  If necessary, the first removal concrete unit 24 is lifted by ascending the up-down and left-right sides by ascending and descending the left and right side wall pieces 11 and 12 and the left and right base pieces 13 and 14 and the ground. Can do.

  As described above, the first removed concrete unit 24 can be lifted and lifted by the elevator 25 via the couplers 26 to 29 and the string-like body 30, and the first removed concrete unit 24 can be separated and removed from the existing water channel 1. .

  Similarly to the above, the blade 16 is rotated and lowered by the second rotary blade cutter 15 from the upper surface 6 of the water channel 1 to the bottom surface 8 of the base portion 7 in the short direction at a rear position that is a predetermined distance away from the longitudinal direction of the water channel 1. The third short direction vertical cut portion 31 is formed up to this point.

  The third short direction vertical cut portion 31 is formed in the same manner as the first and second short direction vertical cut portions 20 and 22 by forming pilot holes in advance and the blade 16 using the pilot holes. This is done by rotating down. The formation of the short direction vertical cutting portion can be performed sequentially and efficiently by the above-described lifting machine 25 by continuously forming the water channel 1 in a predetermined length as a removal section for every predetermined interval. it can.

  After lifting and removal of the first removal concrete unit 24, the second removal concrete unit 32 formed by the second and third short direction vertical cutting portions 22 and 31 is installed at the position of the existing water channel 1 by the same method as described above. Will be separated and removed.

  After the removal of the first removed concrete unit 24, the second removed concrete unit 32,... By the above method, a new water channel is installed in the space 33, and a water channel continuously integrated with the existing water channel is formed. .

  After dividing and removing the section which became the malfunction location of the waterway 1 into the 1st removal concrete unit 24, the 2nd removal concrete unit 32, ..., as shown in FIG. 6, left and right side wall pieces 11, 12, A new water channel 35 is installed in a space 33 formed on the ground 34 between the left and right base pieces 13 and 14 remaining in the lower portion. The new water channel 35 is a precast water channel, and is installed by being lowered into the space 33 from above. Since the width of the space portion 33 is narrower than the width of the water channel 1 that has been previously installed, the new water channel 35 having a slightly smaller width than the existing water channel 1 is employed.

  For example, when the width of the existing water channel 1 is 550 mm, the width of the new water channel 35 is 470 mm. If the width of the left and right side wall pieces 11 and 12 is 30 mm, the left and right small spaces 36 and 37 each having a width of 10 mm can be formed and installed between the new water channel 35 and the left and right side wall pieces 11 and 12. .

  Further, when the width of the new water channel 35 is reduced, the height of the existing water channel 35 is also lowered. Therefore, the height of the water channel upper surface 38 is flush with the upper surface 6 of the existing water channel 1 on the ground 34. Adjustment is performed to form a new base portion 39 which is a thicker base than the thickness of the left and right base portion pieces 13 and 14.

  After the new water channel 35 is installed in the space 33, the height is adjusted so that the upper surfaces 6 and 38 are flush with each other, mortar is placed in the left and right small spaces 36 and 37, and the left and right side wall pieces 11 and 12 are newly installed. The water channel 35 is integrated. In addition, the space between the existing water channel 1, the new water channel 35, and the new water channel 35 generated in the longitudinal direction is also integrated by mortar or the like.

  In the said Example, it cannot be overemphasized that it is possible to aim at continuous integration with the new water channel after that by making the left-right side wall piece 11 and 12 remain | survive continuously over a full length direction in the vertical cut | disconnection of a transversal direction. .

  In the above process, the left and right side wall pieces 11 and 12 are respectively connected to the left and right base part pieces 13 and 14, and the left and right side wall outer surfaces 4 and 5 are integrated with the peripheral side portion and the lower ground. As shown in FIG. 7, a spacer 40 is provided between the two, which is not obstructed during construction, and the distance between the left and right side wall pieces 11 and 12 is constant by adjusting the distance with a wedge 41 or the like. It is possible in some cases to keep the dimensions.

  In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, for example, when there is an edge, a side wall, a handrail or the like that rises on one side in the longitudinal direction of the water channel, for example, inside the tunnel, the first rotary blade cutting machine 2 cannot be used in that part. Cases may arise. In this case, one of the left and right longitudinal directions without an obstacle is cut in advance, and then the cutter is inserted and lowered from the water intake 42 of the water channel 1, so that the bottom 43 inside the water channel and the base 7 serving as the lower layer of the bottom part 8 Cut longitudinally until. Thereby, the existing water channel 1 in which a problem has occurred is formed with first and second halved concrete units 44 and 45 that are halved.

  The first half concrete unit 44 can be removed by the same method as in the first embodiment. On the other hand, the second halved concrete unit 45 has the anchor 46 fixed to the bottom 43 side, the string-like body is hung on the anchor 46, and the second halved concrete unit 45 is pulled around obliquely upward. It can be separated from the ground and removed.

  By removing the third and fourth halved concrete units in the same manner as described above, it is possible to remove the predetermined section of the water channel that has become a malfunction.

  In the case of the present embodiment, the removed concrete units are the first and second half-separated concrete units 44 and 45, so that the cutting interval in the short direction can be increased.

  In the above embodiment, the newly constructed water channel has a similar shape with a reduced cross-sectional shape similar to that of the existing water channel, and the top surface has the same shape as the continuous water channel, but other shapes of water channels can be adopted. it can.

  The new water channel 47 shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B has a U-shape in which the entire peripheral wall has a substantially horseshoe shape as a cross-sectional shape inside the water channel, and the lower part has a semicircular shape. The arc portion 48 and the left and right inner side wall portions 49 and 50 are formed substantially vertically to form a space continuous in the longitudinal direction with the lid portion 51 provided on the upper side.

  The lid portion 51 integrated with the left and right inner side wall portions 49 and 50 is provided with independent drain holes 52 communicating with a substantially horseshoe-shaped space at predetermined intervals. The drain hole 52 has a rectangular shape and, for example, a size of 40 mm (longitudinal direction) × 100 mm (short direction), so that the channel main body is not affected without affecting the reinforcing bar arrangement interval in the short direction. The new water channel 47 has a function as a water intake for a predetermined amount for drainage, and has a large diameter such as small-diameter wood and rope, and other impurities such as large dust. This is a new water channel 47 that can be prevented from entering the inside.

  By adopting the new water channel 47 having the above-described shape, the amount of impurities accumulated in the new water channel 47 can be remarkably reduced, and the cleaning work can be reduced. Conventionally, it has been common to provide dredging at every predetermined interval of the water channel, but in the future it will lead to removal of dredging, and by repeating the removal of the defective part according to the present invention, it is excellent in strength only by the newly established water channel 47 It is possible to form a continuous water channel that does not require dredging.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Waterway 2 1st rotary blade cutting machine 3, 16 Blade 4 Left side wall outer surface 5 Right side wall outer surface 6, 38 Upper surface 7 Base part 8 Bottom surface 9 Left longitudinal direction vertical cutting part 10 Right longitudinal direction vertical cutting part 11 Left side wall piece 12 Right side Wall piece 13 Left base piece 14 Right base piece 15 Second rotary blade cutting machine 17 Strength bar 18 Strut 19 Axis 20 First short direction vertical cutting portion 21, 23 Pilot hole 22 Second short direction vertical cutting portion 24 1st removal concrete unit 25 Elevator 26 thru | or 29 Connection tool 30 String-like body 31 3rd short direction vertical cutting part 32 2nd removal concrete unit 33 Space part 34 Ground 35, 47 New water channel 36 Left small space 37 Right small space 39 New base 40 Spacer 41 Wedge 42 Water intake 43 Water channel inner bottom 44 First half removal concrete unit 45 Second half removal Down cleat unit 46 anchor 48 arc portion 49 left inner side wall 50 the right inner side wall 51 the lid part 52 drainage hole

Claims (4)

  The left and right side wall portions along the inner side of the outer side surface of the left and right side walls of the installed waterway body in which an existing defect has occurred and the base portion of the lower layer portion thereof are vertically cut with a cutter over a predetermined length and cut in advance. Cut the water channel main body and the base part, which is the lower layer part, in the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction vertically with a cutter in the longitudinal direction at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the longitudinal direction left and right and the lateral direction front and back from the existing installed water channel A separated concrete unit is formed, removed from the left and right side wall pieces and the base part of the lower layer part where the removed concrete unit remains, and removed, and the width in the short direction of the removed concrete unit in the removed space A new waterway with a slightly smaller width is installed after adjusting the height of the base, and the left and right side wall pieces left by the above and the left and right outer walls of the new waterway New method for removal and removal of the water channel, characterized by comprising continuously integrated by filling the mortar in the space.   The base part which is the side wall part along the inner side from the outer surface part of the left or right side wall of the installed waterway main body where the existing trouble has occurred and the base part which is the lower layer part thereof is cut vertically by a cutter over the longitudinal direction, Cutter is lowered from the intake of the water channel to cut the bottom part inside the water channel and the base part which is the lower layer vertically over the longitudinal direction, and the short direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction cut in advance is the water channel body and the lower layer The base part which becomes a part is cut vertically by a cutter at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction, and the first half-separated concrete unit in which the longitudinal direction is separated from the existing installation water channel, and either the left or right in the longitudinal direction Forming a second half-separated concrete unit that separates the remaining waterway from the existing installed waterway, leaving the first half-separated concrete unit Separated and removed from any of the left and right side wall pieces and the base piece of the lower layer, the second half-separated concrete unit is separated and removed from the existing water channel obliquely from above, in the removal space Any of the left and right side wall pieces left after the installation of a new water channel having a width slightly smaller than the width in the lateral direction of the first and second half-removed concrete units after adjusting the height of the base portion. 2. The method for removing a water channel and newly constructing a removed portion according to claim 1, wherein a small space on either side of the right and left outer walls of the water channel is filled with mortar and continuously integrated.   3. The method for removing a water channel and newly constructing a removed water channel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the new water channel of the removed part has a reduced and similar shape having the same shape as that of the existing water channel.   The new water channel of the removal part is a surrounding body having a lid provided with a plurality of rectangular water intakes on the upper surface of the water channel, and the inner side is a continuous space where the lower side is a semicircular sectional substantially horseshoe-shaped peripheral wall The new construction method to the removal of a waterway and the removal part of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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