JP2018053824A - Rotor, wind power generator and wind power generator-cum-blower - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotor that is improved in stability of power generation efficiency with respect to variation in wind direction, and to provide a wind power generator and a wind power generator-cum-blower.SOLUTION: A rotor 1 includes: a hub 10 supported to a main shaft 103; and a plurality of blades 20 connected to the hub. A pitch-angle of each blade varies so that a rotational direction of the rotor rotating with a fair wind abutting on a front face of the rotor is equalized to a rotational direction of the rotor rotating with a contrary wind abutting on a rear face of the rotor while the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotor that can be used for at least a wind power generator, a wind power generator, and a wind power generator / blower.

  As a conventional rotor for a wind power generator, an upwind with a nacelle on the leeward side that enables power generation by the wind power generator by rotating by wind hitting the front of the rotor (hereinafter also referred to as “forward wind”). There is a down-wind type rotor with a nacelle on the windward side that enables power generation by a wind power generator by rotating with a rotor of a type or a wind hitting the back of the rotor (hereinafter also referred to as “back wind”). In addition, there is one that controls the pitch angle of each blade so that the rotor is reversed against the headwind (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2006-200400 A

Depending on the installation location of the wind power generator, the wind hitting the rotor may be frequently reversed between the normal wind and the reverse wind. However, it is preferable that stable power generation efficiency can be obtained even in such an installation location.
Moreover, in the rotor of patent document 1, electric power generation efficiency cannot fully be improved.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a rotor, a wind power generator, and a wind power generator / blower in which the stability of power generation efficiency with respect to fluctuations in wind direction is improved. Objective.

  In order to achieve the above object, the gist of the present invention is as follows.

The rotor of the present invention is
A hub supported by the main shaft;
A plurality of blades coupled to the hub;
A rotor with
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the rotation direction when rotating by the normal wind hitting the front of the rotor and the rotation direction when rotating by the counter wind hitting the back of the rotor are the same. The pitch angle of each blade changes.
According to the rotor of the present invention, it is possible to improve the stability of power generation efficiency with respect to fluctuations in wind direction.

In the rotor of the present invention,
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator,
When the rotor rotates by the normal wind, the chord line of each blade is inclined so that the leading edge of the blade is located on the front side of the rotor from the trailing edge of the blade over almost the entire length of the blade. And
When the rotor is rotated by the headwind, the chord line of each blade is inclined so that the leading edge of the blade is located on the back side of the rotor from the trailing edge of the blade over substantially the entire length of the blade. Then, it is suitable.
According to this configuration, it is possible to further improve the stability of power generation efficiency with respect to fluctuations in wind direction.

In the rotor of the present invention,
Each of the blades is connected to the hub so as to be rotatable about a predetermined blade axis,
It is preferred that the pitch angle of the blade changes as the blade rotates about the predetermined blade axis.
According to this configuration, the structure can be simplified and the durability can be improved.

In the rotor of the present invention,
The blade shaft of each blade is rotatably connected to the blade holding portion of the hub via a bearing,
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, it is preferable that the pitch angle of each blade passively changes according to only the wind hitting the rotor.
According to this configuration, the structure can be further simplified and the durability can be improved.

In the rotor of the present invention,
The rotor can switch between an operation as a rotor for a wind power generator and an operation as a rotor for a blower according to an external input,
The blade shaft of each blade is operated by the action of centrifugal force when the rotational speed of the rotor is equal to or higher than a predetermined rotational speed, and the blade has a predetermined pitch angle. A centrifugal lock mechanism that prevents rotation of the blade shaft is provided,
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower, it is preferable that the pitch angle of each blade is fixed to the predetermined pitch angle by the action of the centrifugal lock mechanism.
According to this configuration, the rotor can be used for both the wind power generator and the blower while simplifying the structure.

In the rotor of the present invention,
A blade drive unit for controlling the pitch angle of each blade by driving each blade;
A wind direction detector for detecting the direction of the wind hitting the rotor;
Further comprising
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the blade driving unit may control the pitch angle of each blade according to the output from the wind direction detecting unit.
Also with this configuration, it is possible to further improve the stability of the power generation efficiency against fluctuations in the wind direction.

In the rotor of the present invention,
The rotor can switch between an operation as a rotor for a wind power generator and an operation as a rotor for a blower according to an external input,
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower, the pitch angle of each blade may be fixed to a predetermined pitch angle.
According to this configuration, the rotor can be used for both the wind power generator and the blower.

In the rotor of the present invention,
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower, the angle formed by the acute angle between a chord line at the blade root of the blade and a virtual plane perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the rotor is determined by the rotor. Than the angle formed by the acute angle between the chord line at the blade root of the blade and the imaginary plane perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the rotor while operating as a rotor for a wind power generator, Larger is preferable.
According to this configuration, it is possible to improve the amount of air blown during blowing.

The wind power generator of the present invention is
The above rotor,
The main shaft;
A motor coupled to the main shaft;
A control unit connected to the motor;
With
The motor and the control unit generate power while the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator.
According to the wind power generator of the present invention, it is possible to improve the stability of power generation efficiency against fluctuations in wind direction.

The wind power generator / blower of the present invention is
The above rotor,
The main shaft;
A motor coupled to the main shaft;
A control unit connected to the motor;
With
The motor and the control unit generate power while the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, and perform air blowing while the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower.
According to the wind power generator / blower of the present invention, it is possible to improve the stability of power generation efficiency with respect to fluctuations in wind direction.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the stability of the electric power generation efficiency with respect to the fluctuation | variation of a wind direction can provide the rotor, the wind power generator, and the wind power generator / blower.

It is the schematic which shows the wind generator / blower of 1st Embodiment of this invention by which the rotor of 1st Embodiment of this invention was mounted. It is a figure for demonstrating the usage example of the wind generator / blower of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the rotor of 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which follows the AA line of FIG. 3 which shows the principal part of the rotor of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating operation | movement of the rotor of FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the modification of the rotor of FIG.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
The rotor of the present invention can be used as a rotor for a wind power generator in a state where it is incorporated in a wind power generator (such as a windmill) or a wind power generator / blower. The wind power generator of the present invention and the wind power generator / blower of the present invention each include the rotor of the present invention.

1st Embodiment of the rotor of this invention and a wind generator / blower is described with reference to FIGS. Moreover, although not shown in figure about 1st Embodiment of the wind power generator of this invention, it demonstrates below collectively.
FIG. 1 shows a wind power generator / blower according to a first embodiment of the present invention on which a rotor according to the first embodiment of the present invention is mounted. A wind power generator / blower 100 shown in FIG. 1 has both functions of a wind power generator and a fan. Specifically, the wind power generator / blower 100 includes a cylindrical casing 101, an attachment 102 for attaching the casing 101 to a desired installation location, and the rotor 1 of the present embodiment housed in the casing 101. Is provided. Further, the wind power generator / blower 100 includes a main shaft 103, a motor 105, a power generation / air blow control unit 104 (control unit) for the wind power generator, a power source 106, and a storage battery 110. In this example, the main shaft 103 and the motor 105 are accommodated in the casing 101, and the power generation / blower control unit 104, the power source 106 and the storage battery 110 are disposed outside the casing 101. The power generation / blower control unit 104 includes an inverter 107, a power regeneration converter 108, and a charge / discharge converter 109. The position of the motor 105 in the casing 101 is fixed by a fixing member (not shown). In FIG. 1, for convenience, the main shaft 103, the motor 105, the power generation / blower control unit 104, the power source 106, the inverter 107, the power regeneration converter 108, the charge / discharge converter 109, and the storage battery 110 are illustrated in a schematic block diagram.

  The rotor 1 includes a hub 10 supported by the main shaft 103 and a plurality of blades 20 that are radially connected to the hub 10. The main shaft 103 is connected to the hub 10 and extends rearward (back side in FIG. 1) from the rear surface of the hub 10. The central axis of the main shaft 103 is the rotation central axis O of the rotor 1. In the example of FIG. 1, the main shaft 103 of the rotor 1 extends on the central axis of the casing 101.

The main shaft 103 is connected to the rotation shaft of the motor 105. The motor 105 is connected to the power generation / air blowing control unit 104.
In this example, the power generation / blower control unit 104 includes an inverter 107, a power regeneration converter 108, and a charge / discharge converter 109. The power regeneration converter 108 is connected to the power source 106. The charge / discharge converter 109 is connected to the storage battery 110.
The power generation / blower control unit 104 is configured to generate power using the rotation of the motor 105 rotated by the rotation of the main shaft 103 while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator. The rotor 1, the main shaft 103, the motor 105, and the power generation / blower control unit 104 constitute a wind power generator. Thus, while the wind power generator / blower 100 operates as a wind power generator, the rotor 1 is rotated by the wind hitting the rotor 1, thereby generating power by the motor 105 and the power generation / air blowing control unit 104, and storing or regenerating power. To be done.
Further, the power generation / blower control unit 104 is configured to drive and control the motor 105 using the power source 106 or the storage battery 110 while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for the blower. The rotor 1, the main shaft 103, the motor 105, and the power generation / blower control unit 104 constitute a blower. Thereby, while the wind power generator / blower 100 operates as a blower, the rotor 1 is rotated by the motor 105 and the power generation / blower control unit 104 to blow air.
As described above, in the example of FIG. 1, the rotor 1, the main shaft 103, the motor 105, the power generation / blower control unit 104, the power source 106, and the storage battery 110 are used for both the wind power generator and the blower.
For example, the power generation / blower control unit 104 may perform switching between the operation as the wind power generator and the operation as the air blower by the wind power generator / blower 100 according to a switching command input from the outside, or Alternatively, it may be automatically performed when it is determined that a predetermined switching condition is satisfied.

  While operating as a rotor for a wind power generator, the rotor 1 of the present embodiment can be rotated by wind (forward wind) that hits the front of the rotor 1 and can be generated by the motor 105 and the power generation / blow control unit 104, and the rotor The motor 105 and the power generation / blower control unit 104 can also be rotated by wind (back wind) hitting the back surface of the power generator 1 and generate power. That is, the rotor 1 of the present embodiment supports both forward wind and reverse wind.

In the wind power generator / blower 100 of FIG. 1, the casing 101 may have bell mouths at open ends on both sides thereof. As a result, wind can be smoothly taken into the casing 101 from both sides of the casing 101. The bell mouth may have an arbitrary shape such as a circle or a quadrangle when viewed from the front.
Moreover, the casing 101 may have a net | network for preventing a foreign material from entering the casing 101 in the open end of the both sides.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of use of the wind power generator / blower 100 of FIG. In the example of FIG. 2, the wind power generator / blower 100 is installed in a ventilation tower extending from a subway tunnel to the ground. In the example of FIG. 2, the diameter of the rotor 1 is, for example, 600 to 900 mm. As shown in the figure, until the train passes through the ventilation tower, air is pushed by the train to the ground through the ventilation tower in front of the direction of travel of the train, as indicated by the black arrows. And discharged. After the train passes through the ventilation tower, as indicated by the white arrow, air from the ground is sucked into the tunnel through the ventilation tower on the rear side in the traveling direction of the train. In this way, in the ventilation tower, the direction of the train wind generated by the traveling of the train is reversed frequently (for example, every 1 to 2 minutes) every time the train passes.

In the example of FIG. 2, during normal times, the wind power generator / blower 100 operates as a wind power generator. During this time, the rotor 1 is rotated by the normal wind and the reverse wind that are reversed each time the train is moved, and the motor 105 and the power generation / blower control unit 104 generate power by the rotation of the rotor 1. On the other hand, in an emergency where ventilation is required due to a fire in the tunnel, the wind power generator / blower 100 operates as a blower. During this time, the rotor 1 is rotated at a high speed by the motor 105 and the power generation / air blowing control unit 104 to ventilate the tunnel by blowing air.
In the example of FIG. 2, the rotation speed of the rotor 1 fluctuates according to the wind speed or the like, for example, in the vicinity of 200 to 800 rpm during operation as a wind power generator, and as the wind power generator during operation as a blower. It is much higher than that at the time of operation, for example, constant at about 1500 rpm.

In the example of FIG. 2, since the wind power generator / blower 100 has both the functions of the wind power generator and the air blower, for example, it operates as a blower in an emergency to allow ventilation in the tunnel, During periods other than the time, it operates as a wind power generator and can effectively use train wind for power generation.
In addition, the rotor 1 of the present embodiment can be rotated by both the forward wind and the reverse wind while operating as a rotor for a wind power generator, and can generate power by the motor 105 and the power generation / blower control unit 104. Compared to an upwind or downwind rotor that supports only the wind in the direction, the train wind that frequently reverses the wind direction can be effectively used to generate power stably.
As will be described later, while the rotor 1 of the present embodiment operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the rotation direction when rotating by the normal wind and the rotation direction when rotating by the reverse wind are the same. It is configured. As a result, when the forward wind and the reverse wind are switched, the rotation gradually decreases, and since it does not start to reverse after having stopped, the loss of the rotation speed can be suppressed accordingly, and the power generation efficiency is stabilized. Can be improved.
Note that this wind power generator / blower 100 can be suitably used in the same manner as in the example of FIG. 2, for example, even in a state where the wind power generator / blower 100 is installed in a duct extending from an automobile tunnel to the ground.
Note that the wind power generator / blower 100 of the present embodiment has a configuration different from the example of FIG. 1 as long as the rotor 1, the main shaft 103, the motor 105, and the power generation / blower control unit 104 of the present embodiment are provided. It may be.

In addition, it is not essential that the rotor of the present invention is incorporated in the blower, and it is sufficient that it is incorporated in at least the wind power generator. In that case, the motor (electric motor) 105 may be replaced with a generator (generator).
The wind power generator of the present embodiment on which the rotor 1 of the present embodiment is mounted can be suitably used, for example, in a state where it is installed on the roof of a building where the wind direction frequently fluctuates, in a tower of a multilevel parking lot, or the like.

  Next, the configuration of the rotor 1 of the present embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. The rotor 1 of this embodiment is incorporated in the wind power generator / blower 100 described above, and can be switched between an operation as a rotor for the wind power generator and an operation as a rotor for the air blower. In addition, while the rotor 1 of the present embodiment operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the rotation direction when rotating by the normal wind and the rotation direction when rotating by the reverse wind are the same. The pitch angle changes.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the rotor 1 of the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3, showing a portion near the blade 20 of the rotor 1. In the rotor 1 of this embodiment, each blade 20 is connected to the hub 10 so as to be rotatable around a predetermined blade axis BA. As the blade 20 rotates around the blade axis BA, the pitch angle of the blade 20 changes. The cross-sectional view of FIG. 4 is along the blade axis BA. The left side of FIG. 4 is the front side of the rotor 1, and the right side of FIG. 4 is the back side of the rotor 1.
In the example of FIG. 3, the blade axis BA of each blade 20 is arranged almost radially around the rotation center axis O of the rotor when viewed from the direction of the rotation center axis O of the rotor. Are slightly inclined with respect to the radial direction of the rotor, and as a result, do not extend in the direction passing through the rotation center axis O of the rotor 1. However, the blade axis BA may extend in a direction passing through the rotation center axis O of the rotor 1.

  As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, the blade 20 is configured integrally with a blade shaft 23 that extends into the hub 10 from the blade root 24 of the blade 20 (the end of the blade 20 on the hub 10 side). The blade axis BA coincides with the central axis of the blade shaft 23. The blade shaft 23 includes a main body portion 23c formed of the same material as the material (for example, aluminum) forming the blade 20, and a bolt 23a embedded in the main body portion 23c by insert molding. At the tip end portion of the blade shaft 23, the screw portion of the bolt 23a is exposed from the main body portion 23c. The blade shaft 23 is inserted into a cup-shaped blade shaft holding portion 11 provided on the hub 10. The open end 11 c of the blade shaft holding part 11 faces the rotor outer peripheral side (the upper side in FIG. 4), and defines an opening on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 10. The bottom wall 11b opposite to the open end 11c of the blade shaft holding portion 11 faces the rotor inner peripheral side (lower side in FIG. 4). The tip of the blade shaft 23 passes through the through hole 11a of the bottom wall 11b of the blade shaft holding portion 11, and from the inner peripheral side of the rotor (the lower side in FIG. 4) from the bottom wall 11b of the blade shaft holding portion 11. The nut 37 is fixed to the bottom wall 11 b of the blade shaft holding part 11 through the bearing 37. This prevents the blade shaft 23 from coming out of the blade shaft holding portion 11 due to centrifugal force during rotation of the rotor 1. As the bearing 37, for example, a thrust ball bearing is suitable.

An end portion of the blade shaft 23 on the blade 20 side is rotatably connected to the blade shaft holding portion 11 via a bearing 30. In the example shown in the figure, two bearings 30 that are overlapped in the direction of the blade axis BA are interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the blade shaft 23 and the inner peripheral surface of the blade shaft holding portion 11. As this bearing 30, for example, a ball bearing or a slide bearing with a seal is suitable. By providing the bearing 30 with a seal, the dust resistance of the bearing 30 can be enhanced. Further, these bearings 30 are prevented from being displaced toward the rotor inner peripheral side by a bearing nut 31 screwed to the blade shaft 23 on the inner peripheral side of the rotor. Further, these bearings 30 are prevented from being displaced toward the outer periphery of the rotor by a bearing cover 32 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the hub 10 by bolts 33 on the outer peripheral side of the rotor.
With such a configuration, the blade shaft 23 of each blade 20 is rotatably connected to the blade holding portion 11 of the hub 10 via the bearing 30, while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator. The pitch angle of each blade 20 is passively changed according to only the wind hitting the rotor 1.

A centrifugal lock mechanism 40 is provided on the blade shaft 23 of each blade 20. The centrifugal lock mechanism 40 is activated by the action of centrifugal force when the rotational speed of the rotor 1 is equal to or higher than a predetermined rotational speed PRS, and the blade shaft 20 is in a state where the pitch angle of the blade 20 becomes the predetermined pitch angle PPA. 23 is prevented from rotating.
The “predetermined rotational speed PRS” is set in advance to a value equal to or lower than the rotational speed of the rotor 1 when the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a blower. As a result, while the rotor 1 operates as a blower rotor, the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 is activated, and the pitch angle of each blade 20 is fixed to a predetermined pitch angle PPA. Thereby, stable ventilation can be performed.
Further, the “predetermined pitch angle PPA” is set in advance to a value such that a suitable air flow rate is obtained when the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a blower.

As shown in FIG. 4, the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 includes a weight 35, a guide pin 36, an urging member 34, and an engaging portion 23 b of the blade shaft 23. In FIG. 4, the weight 35 and the urging member 34 in a state where the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 is not operated are shown by solid lines, and the weight 35 and the urging member 34 in a state where the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 is operating are shown at two points. Shown with a chain line.
The weight 35 is formed in an annular shape, and is disposed in the blade shaft holding portion 11 on the rotor inner peripheral side (lower side in FIG. 4) with respect to the bearing nut 31. The blade shaft 23 is inserted through the through hole 35 a at the center of the weight 35. The weight 35 has a through hole 35b extending in the direction of the blade axis BA, in addition to the through hole 35a through which the blade shaft 23 is inserted, and a guide pin 36 is formed in the through hole 35b. It is inserted. One end of the guide pin 36 is fixed to the bottom wall 11 b of the blade shaft holding part 11. A biasing member 34 is provided between the weight 35 and the bearing nut 31 to give a biasing force toward the rotor inner peripheral side with respect to the weight 35. The biasing member 34 is made of, for example, a coil spring. The blade shaft 23 and the weight 35 each have an engaging portion 23b and an engaged portion 35c configured to be engageable with each other. When the engaging portion 23b of the blade shaft 23 and the engaged portion 35c of the weight 35 are engaged with each other, the pitch angle of the blade 20 is, for example, a predetermined pitch angle PPA by the action of a stopper 52 (FIG. 5) described later. It becomes.

  When the rotor 1 starts to operate as a blower rotor, the rotor 1 is rotated by the motor 105, whereby the rotational speed of the rotor 1 is increased at a stretch. When the rotational speed of the rotor 1 becomes equal to or higher than the predetermined rotational speed PRS, the weight 35 is energized by the action of centrifugal force that increases as the rotational speed of the rotor 1 increases, as shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. The rotor 34 moves toward the outer periphery of the rotor (upper side in FIG. 4) while resisting the biasing force of the member 34 and being guided by the guide pins 36. When the engaging portion 23b of the blade shaft 23 and the engaged portion 35c of the weight 35 are engaged with each other, the movement of the weight 35 to the rotor outer peripheral side stops. At this time, the pitch angle of the blade 20 is a predetermined pitch angle PPA, and the rotation of the blade shaft 23 is blocked by the weight 35.

  Next, the operation of the rotor 1 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are side views showing a state in which the rotor 1 is rotated by normal wind and reverse wind while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, respectively, and FIG. 5 (c). These are side views which show a mode when rotating with the drive of the motor 105, while the rotor 1 operate | moves as a rotor for air blowers. In each of FIGS. 5A to 5C, the left side of the figure is the front side of the rotor 1, and the right side of the figure is the back side of the rotor 1. In the present embodiment, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 is different in each state of FIGS. 5A to 5C.

In this specification, “pitch angle θ” means a virtual plane P perpendicular to the rotation center axis O of the rotor 1 and a chord line CHL of the blade 20 at a certain rotor radial position on the blade 20. (A straight line connecting the front edge 21 and the rear edge 22 of the blade 20) is an angle having a smaller absolute value, and + (positive) or-(negative) in consideration of the direction of the pitch angle. Take the value. 5A to 5C show the chord line CHL and the pitch angle θ at the blade root of the blade 20 for the sake of convenience. When the chord line CHL of the blade 20 is inclined such that the leading edge 21 of the blade 20 is located on the front side of the rotor 1 with respect to the trailing edge 22 of the blade, the pitch angle θ is a value of + (positive). When the chord line CHL of the blade 20 is inclined such that the front edge 21 of the blade 20 is located on the back side of the rotor 1 with respect to the rear edge 22 of the blade 20, the pitch angle θ is It shall be a negative value. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, the “blade pitch angle θ” refers to the pitch angle at the blade root of the blade.
Further, the “front edge 21” of the blade 20 is an end on the front side in the rotational direction RD of the rotor 1 in the airfoil of the blade 20 (cross section in the thickness direction of the blade 20), and the “rear edge 22” is the blade 20. This is the rear end of the rotor 1 in the rotational direction RD of the airfoil.

In the example of FIG. 5, a stopper for regulating the variable range of the pitch angle θ of the blade 20 on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 10 on the − (negative) side and the + (positive) side, respectively. 51 and 52 are provided. In the example of FIG. 5, the stoppers 51 and 52 are configured as protrusions that can be engaged with the blade 20. By providing the stoppers 51 and 52, it is possible to prevent the blade 20 from rotating excessively around the blade axis BA, for example, in a strong wind.
However, the stoppers 51 and 52 may have any configuration as long as the variable range of the pitch angle θ of the blade 20 can be regulated on the − (negative) side and the + (positive) side, respectively. For example, a stopper capable of regulating the variable range of the pitch angle θ of the blade 20 on the − (negative) side and the + (positive) side is disposed in the blade shaft holding portion 11 of the hub 10, You may be comprised so that engagement is possible. In that case, the stoppers 51 and 52 on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 10 as in the example of FIG. 5 are not essential.

In this embodiment, while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the blade shaft 23 of each blade 20 is rotatably connected to the blade holding portion 11 of the hub 10 via the bearing 30. Since the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 is not operated, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 changes passively according to only the wind hitting the rotor 1. During this time, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 can vary depending on the speed and direction of the wind.
As shown in FIG. 5A, when the rotor 1 is rotated as a wind power generator while the rotor 1 is rotated by normal wind, the chord line CHL of each blade 20 is substantially the entire length of the blade 20. The blade 20 is inclined so that the front edge 21 of the blade 20 is located on the front side of the rotor 1 with respect to the rear edge 22 of the blade 20 (overall length in the example in the figure). In other words, at this time, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 takes a value of + (positive) over almost the entire length of the blade 20 (full length in the example in the figure). The rotation direction RD of the rotor 1 at this time is clockwise when the front side is viewed from the back side of the rotor 1.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), when the rotor 1 rotates as a wind power generator rotor and the rotor 1 is rotated by the reverse wind, the chord line CHL of each blade 20 is The blade 20 is inclined so that the front edge 21 of the blade 20 is positioned on the back side of the rotor 1 with respect to the rear edge 22 of the blade 20 over substantially the entire length (full length in the example in the figure). In other words, at this time, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 takes a negative value over almost the entire length of the blade 20 (full length in the example in the figure). The rotation direction RD of the rotor 1 at this time is the same as that in the normal wind of FIG. 5A, and is clockwise when the front side is viewed from the back side of the rotor 1. In the example of FIG. 5B, the variable range on the − (negative) side of the pitch angle θ of the blade 20 is regulated by the action of the stopper 51.
As described above, the pitch angle θ of the blade 20 changes between the normal wind and the reverse wind, so that the rotation direction RD of the rotor 1 can be the same between the normal wind and the reverse wind. As a result, when the forward wind and the reverse wind are switched, the rotation gradually decreases, and since it does not start to reverse after having stopped, the loss of the rotational speed can be suppressed accordingly. As a result, it is possible to improve the stability of the power generation efficiency against fluctuations in the wind direction.
In the present specification, the “substantially full length of the blade 20” refers to 70 to 100% of the total length of the blade 20, preferably 80 to 100%, more preferably 90 to 100%.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, while the rotor 1 operates as a blower rotor, the rotor 1 is rotated at a high speed by the motor 105 and the power generation / blower control unit 104, and the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 of the blade shaft 23 of each blade 20 is operated. Thus, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 is fixed at a predetermined pitch angle PPA.
In the example shown in FIG. 5C, while the rotor 1 operates as a blower rotor, the rotation direction RD of the rotor 1 is the same as that when operating as a wind power generator rotor, from the back side of the rotor 1. Clockwise when looking at the front side. Then, the chord line CHL of each blade 20 extends over almost the entire length of the blade 20 (the entire length in the example in the figure) so that the front edge 21 of the blade 20 is positioned on the front side of the rotor 1 with respect to the rear edge 22 of the blade 20. Inclined to. In other words, at this time, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 takes a value of + (positive) over almost the entire length of the blade 20 (full length in the example in the figure). The pitch angle θ at the blade root of each blade 20 is a predetermined pitch angle PPA (a value of + in this example). Further, the blade thickness center line CAL of the blade 20 is curved so that the front side of the rotor 1 is convex. Thus, the wind is sent in the direction of the rotation center axis O of the rotor 1 from the front side to the back side of the rotor 1.
In the example of FIG. 5C, each blade 20 is activated at the time of starting the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 or immediately before it by the action of the stopper 52 that regulates the variable range on the + (positive) side of the pitch angle θ of the blade 20. Is positioned at a predetermined pitch angle PPA.

  As shown in FIG. 5, between the chord line CHL at the blade root of the blade 20 and the virtual plane P perpendicular to the rotation center axis O of the rotor 1 while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a blower. The angle formed by the acute angle side (the absolute value of the pitch angle θ (= PPA)) is determined at the blade root of the blade 20 during the time when the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator (in normal wind and reverse wind). It is preferable that the angle is larger than the angle (absolute value of the pitch angle θ) formed between the chord line CHL and the virtual plane P perpendicular to the rotation center axis O of the rotor 1. Thereby, the ventilation volume at the time of ventilation can be improved.

While the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, when the rotor 1 is rotated by normal wind as shown in FIG. 5A, the pitch angle θ at the blade root of each blade 20 is 30 °. It is preferable from the viewpoint of power generation efficiency to be within a range of ˜45 °.
While the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, when the rotor 1 is rotated by a reverse wind as shown in FIG. 5B, the pitch angle θ at the blade root of each blade 20 is −25 ° to If it is set within the range of −10 °, it is preferable from the viewpoint of power generation efficiency.
While the rotor 1 operates as a blower rotor, the pitch angle θ (= PPA) at the blade root of each blade 20 is set within a range of 45 ° to 60 ° as shown in FIG. Then, it is suitable from the viewpoint of the amount of blown air.

The rotor 1 according to the present embodiment can be modified in various ways.
For example, the rotor 1 does not have to be incorporated into a blower and be operable as a blower rotor. In that case, the rotor 1 does not need to include the centrifugal lock mechanism 40.

In the example of the configuration described with reference to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4, while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the pitch angle of each blade 20 is passive according to only the wind hitting the rotor 1. The pitch angle of each blade 20 is fixed to a predetermined pitch angle by the action of the centrifugal lock mechanism 40 while operating as a rotor for a blower. . Thereby, the structure of the rotor 1 can be simplified and durability can be improved.
However, while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the pitch angle of each blade 20 is active so that the rotation direction when rotating by the normal wind and the rotation direction when rotating by the reverse wind are the same. May be controlled automatically. Also with this configuration, it is possible to improve the stability of power generation efficiency against fluctuations in the wind direction. In that case, the rotor 1 does not need to include the stoppers 51 and 52.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the rotor 1 includes a blade driving unit 60 that controls the pitch angle of each blade 20 by driving each blade 20, and a wind direction detecting unit 61 that detects the direction of the wind hitting the rotor 1. And may be further provided. The blade drive unit 60 includes, for example, a CPU and a drive mechanism that drives each blade 20 by an electric type or an air drive type in accordance with a command from the CPU. The blades 20 are arranged around the blade axis BA. By rotating, the pitch angle of the blade 20 is changed. Then, while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the blade driving unit 60 determines whether the wind is applied to the rotor 1 according to the output from the wind direction detection unit 61, The pitch angle of each blade 20 is the same as that shown in FIG. 5A when it is determined that the blade is hit, and the operation shown in FIG. It is good to control. At this time, the blade drive unit 60 may fix the pitch angle during normal wind and reverse wind at a predetermined pitch angle, or may vary within a predetermined pitch angle range according to the wind speed or the like. You may make it make it.
Further, when the rotor 1 can be operated as a rotor for a blower, the pitch angle of each blade 20 is set to a predetermined pitch by control by the blade drive unit 60 while the rotor 1 operates as a rotor for a blower. What is necessary is just to fix to corner PPA. In that case, the rotor 1 does not need to include the centrifugal lock mechanism 40.

  In the example of FIG. 5, the blade thickness center line CAL of the blade 20 is curved so that the front side of the rotor 1 is convex over almost the entire length of the blade 20. Thereby, while being able to improve the power generation efficiency at the time of a headwind, the ventilation efficiency at the time of ventilation can be improved. However, the shape of the blade thickness center line CAL of the blade 20 may be arbitrary, for example, may be linear.

  In the case where the rotation direction RD of the rotor 1 is the clockwise direction when the front side is viewed from the back side of the rotor 1 while the rotor 1 operates as a blower rotor, not limited to the example of FIG. The chord line CHL of each blade 20 may be inclined so that the front edge 21 of the blade 20 is located on the back side of the rotor 1 with respect to the rear edge 22 of the blade 20 over substantially the entire length of the blade 20. In this case, the blade thickness center line CAL of each blade 20 may be linear or curved so that the back side of the rotor 1 is convex. At this time, the pitch angle θ of each blade 20 takes a negative value over almost the entire length of the blade 20. The pitch angle θ at the blade root of each blade 20 is a predetermined pitch angle PPA (−). Thus, the wind is sent in the direction of the rotation center axis O of the rotor 1 from the back side to the front side of the rotor 1.

The rotor 1 according to the present embodiment can be modified in various ways.
For example, the rotor 1 does not need to be incorporated into a blower and be operable as a rotor for a blower, but may be at least incorporated into a wind generator and be operable as a rotor for a wind generator.

In the rotor of the present invention, the shape of the blade may be arbitrary.
For example, the pitch angle of the blade may be gradually changed from the blade root to the blade tip as in the example of FIG. 5, or may be constant over the entire length of the blade.
Further, the maximum value of the blade thickness in the blade airfoil may be constant over the entire length of the blade as in the example of FIG. 5, or may gradually decrease from the blade root to the blade tip.
In addition, when the blade is deployed in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotor (that is, when the blade pitch angle is 0 ° over the entire length of the blade), the two-dimensional shape of the blade when viewed from the front. The shape is not limited to a substantially square shape as in the example of FIG. 5, and may be any shape.

  The rotor of the present invention can be used for a wind power generator such as a windmill.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor 10 Hub 11 Blade shaft holding | maintenance part 11a Through-hole 11b Bottom wall 11c Open end 20 Blade 21 Front edge 22 Rear edge 23 Blade shaft 23a Bolt 23b Engagement part 23c Body part 24 Blade root 30 Bearing 31 Bearing nut 32 Bearing cover 33 Bolt 34 Energizing member 35 Weight 35a, 35b Through hole 35c Engaged part 36 Guide pin 37 Bearing 38 Nut 40 Centrifugal lock mechanism 51, 52 Stopper 60 Blade drive part 61 Wind direction detection part 100 Wind power generator / blower 101 Casing 102 Installation Tool 103 Main shaft 104 Power generation / blower control unit (control unit)
105 Motor 106 Power supply 107 Inverter 108 Power regeneration converter 109 Charge / discharge converter 110 Storage battery BA Blade axis CAL Blade thickness center line CHL Blade chord line O Rotor rotation center axis P Virtual plane RD perpendicular to rotor rotation center axis Rotation direction θ Pitch angle

Claims (10)

A hub supported by the main shaft;
A plurality of blades coupled to the hub;
A rotor with
While the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the rotation direction when rotating by the normal wind hitting the front of the rotor and the rotation direction when rotating by the counter wind hitting the back of the rotor are the same. A rotor in which the pitch angle of each blade changes. While the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator,
When the rotor rotates by the normal wind, the chord line of each blade is inclined so that the leading edge of the blade is located on the front side of the rotor from the trailing edge of the blade over almost the entire length of the blade. And
When the rotor is rotated by the headwind, the chord line of each blade is inclined so that the leading edge of the blade is located on the back side of the rotor from the trailing edge of the blade over substantially the entire length of the blade. The rotor according to claim 1. Each of the blades is connected to the hub so as to be rotatable about a predetermined blade axis,
The rotor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a pitch angle of the blade is changed by rotating the blade around the predetermined blade axis. The blade shaft of each blade is rotatably connected to the blade holding portion of the hub via a bearing,
The rotor according to claim 3, wherein while the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, the pitch angle of each blade passively changes according to only the wind hitting the rotor. The rotor can switch between an operation as a rotor for a wind power generator and an operation as a rotor for a blower according to an external input,
The blade shaft of each blade is operated by the action of centrifugal force when the rotational speed of the rotor is equal to or higher than a predetermined rotational speed, and the blade has a predetermined pitch angle. A centrifugal lock mechanism that prevents rotation of the blade shaft is provided,
The rotor according to claim 4, wherein the pitch angle of each blade is fixed to the predetermined pitch angle by the action of the centrifugal lock mechanism while the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower. A blade drive unit for controlling the pitch angle of each blade by driving each blade;
A wind direction detector for detecting the direction of the wind hitting the rotor;
Further comprising
The blade driving unit controls the pitch angle of each blade according to an output from the wind direction detection unit while the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator. The rotor according to item. The rotor can switch between an operation as a rotor for a wind power generator and an operation as a rotor for a blower according to an external input,
The rotor according to claim 1, wherein a pitch angle of each blade is fixed to a predetermined pitch angle while the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower.   While the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower, the angle formed by the acute angle between a chord line at the blade root of the blade and a virtual plane perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the rotor is determined by the rotor. Than the angle formed by the acute angle between the chord line at the blade root of the blade and the imaginary plane perpendicular to the rotation center axis of the rotor while operating as a rotor for a wind power generator, The rotor according to claim 5 or 7, which is large. The rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6,
The main shaft;
A motor coupled to the main shaft;
A control unit connected to the motor;
With
The motor and the control unit are wind power generators that generate power while the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator. A rotor according to claim 5, 7 or 8;
The main shaft;
A motor coupled to the main shaft;
A control unit connected to the motor;
With
The motor and the control unit generate power while the rotor operates as a rotor for a wind power generator, and perform wind while the rotor operates as a rotor for a blower. .

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