JP2018040873A - Display device and display system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To display an image with high display quality regardless of the use environment as there is a need for a display device that satisfies conditions such as image display with a natural feeling both indoors and outdoors, and small burden on user's eyes.SOLUTION: On one display screen of one display device, a reflective liquid crystal element and an organic EL element are both formed, and both display elements are used to achieve image display with a natural feeling. A display device including both of the organic EL element and the reflective liquid crystal element allows both of them to be used simultaneously on one screen display, which provides a new image display method, that is, a full-color display method in display image data (also called a hybrid display method). The image display achieved by using the new full-color display method is unconventional one, and gives a user a new impression.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a display device and a display system using the display device.

  Note that one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. Technical fields of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like include semiconductor devices, display devices, light-emitting devices, power storage devices, memory devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, input / output devices, and driving methods thereof , Or a method for producing them, can be mentioned as an example.

  Note that in this specification and the like, a semiconductor device refers to any device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics. A transistor, a semiconductor circuit, an arithmetic device, a memory device, or the like is one embodiment of a semiconductor device. In addition, an imaging device, an electro-optical device, a power generation device (including a thin film solar cell, an organic thin film solar cell, and the like) and an electronic device may include a semiconductor device.

Liquid crystal display devices are the most widely used display devices. In particular, an active matrix liquid crystal display device having a switching element in each pixel is used for a display device of a television or a smartphone in order to realize high-definition display. Active matrix liquid crystal display devices are roughly classified into two types, a transmission type and a reflection type.

  The transmissive liquid crystal display device uses a backlight such as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp or an LED (Light Emitting Diode), and the light from the backlight transmits the liquid crystal by utilizing the optical modulation action of the liquid crystal. A state that is output to the outside and a state that is not output are selected, bright and dark display is performed, and further, they are combined to perform image display.

  In addition, the reflective liquid crystal display device utilizes the optical modulation action of the liquid crystal, and the external light, that is, the incident light is reflected by the pixel electrode and output to the outside of the device, and the incident light is not output to the outside of the device. An image is displayed by selecting a state, displaying bright and dark, and combining them. The reflective liquid crystal display device has an advantage of low power consumption because it does not use a backlight as compared with the transmissive liquid crystal display device.

  For example, an active matrix liquid crystal display device using a transistor having a metal oxide channel formation region as a switching element connected to each pixel electrode is known (Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

Also, organic EL display devices having organic EL (Electro Luminescence) elements have been actively developed.

  The basic structure of the organic EL element is such that a layer containing a light-emitting organic compound is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. Light emission can be obtained from the light-emitting organic compound by applying a voltage to this element. A display device to which such an organic EL element is applied can realize a thin, lightweight, high-contrast display device with low power consumption.

JP 2007-123861 A JP 2007-96055 A

There are various display devices (such as a liquid crystal display device and an organic EL display device), all of which have advantages and disadvantages, and are affected by differences in the environment around the display device, so accurate color matching is difficult. The environment around the display device includes the type of light source such as a fluorescent lamp and sunlight, the intensity of illumination, and the like.

For example, as a display screen of a portable information terminal, an organic EL display device is advantageous in a place where external light is weak (for example, indoors), and a reflective liquid crystal display device is advantageous in a high illumination environment (for example, outdoors).

In order to make the display of the organic EL display device clear in a high illuminance environment, light is emitted with higher luminance, which may increase the burden on the eyes of the user. There was a problem that the fatigue feeling of the user (also referred to as a user or an observer) tends to be high and the comfort feeling can be impaired.

For the user, it is preferable to use a display element that uses reflected light in order to realize a display that is highly visible and easy on the eyes.

Therefore, it is possible to obtain a video display that feels natural regardless of whether it is indoors or outdoors, and that the burden on the user's eyes is small and that comfort is not impaired even when viewing images for a long time. A display device is desired. One object is to display a video with high display quality regardless of the use environment.

Another object is to improve display quality of a display device.

Another object is to provide a highly reliable display device.

Another object is to provide a display device with low power consumption.

  Note that the description of these problems does not disturb the existence of other problems. In one embodiment of the present invention, it is not necessary to solve all of these problems. Further, it is possible to extract issues other than those described above from the description of the specification and the like.

Both a reflective liquid crystal element and an organic EL element are formed on one display screen of one display device, and an image display that feels a natural image is realized by using both the display elements. Specifically, the white color of the reflective liquid crystal element is used for video display, so that it is combined with the emission color of the organic EL element and simultaneously displayed, and the video is displayed with high display quality regardless of the use environment.

In a display device composed only of organic EL elements, when displaying white color by turning on the red, green, and blue elements of the organic EL elements, the intensity peak of each light becomes sharp and the user's The eye irritation is strong, and the burden on the eye may increase. In particular, if the display is to be performed outdoors during the day, it is difficult for the user to recognize the display unless the luminance is high as the illuminance around the display device increases.

White light obtained by lighting the red, green, and blue elements of the organic EL element is greatly different when the white display of the reflective liquid crystal element is compared with the wavelength spectrum. The wavelength spectrum for white display of the reflective liquid crystal element has a relatively flat wavelength dispersion than the wavelength spectrum for white display of the organic EL element. That is, the white display wavelength spectrum of the reflective liquid crystal element has a lower peak intensity and a wider half-width of the peak than the white display wavelength spectrum of the organic EL element.

A display device provided with both an organic EL element and a reflective liquid crystal element utilizes the white color of the reflective liquid crystal element, so that the higher the illuminance around the display device, the clearer the white display. The white display of the reflective liquid crystal element has lower power consumption than the white display using three organic EL elements and is useful.

In addition, when white is displayed on the reflective liquid crystal, a region overlapping with the reflective electrode is a white display region, and light emission (for example, red light emission) of a light emitting element that passes through an opening provided in the reflective electrode is a red display region. In the case where an opening is provided in the reflective electrode, the light emitting region (small area) of the organic EL element is arranged to be surrounded by the white display region (large area), and the light reaches the user's eyes. It can also be said that the pixel arrangement is likely to be combined.

Since a display device including both an organic EL element and a reflective liquid crystal element can simultaneously use both in one screen display, a new video display method is provided. A new full-color display method is provided. Further, an image display obtained by using the new full-color display method (also referred to as a hybrid display method) is an unprecedented display, and the impression given to the user is also new.

  One embodiment of the present invention is a hybrid in which light emission of a red light-emitting element, light emission of a green light-emitting element, light emission of a blue light-emitting element, and white light that is reflected light of a reflective liquid crystal element are combined and displayed. It is a display method.

In addition, a hybrid display method that displays a composite of a luminescent color that changes or fluctuates in luminescence intensity and white light that is reflected light of the reflective liquid crystal element is also a feature. Light emission of a red light emitting element that changes or fluctuates the light intensity, light emission of a green light emitting element that changes or fluctuates the light intensity, and light emission of a blue light emitting element that changes or fluctuates the light intensity This is a hybrid display method in which white light that is reflected light of the reflective liquid crystal element is combined and displayed.

There are several methods for causing fluctuations in video display. The first is a method of giving fluctuations in chromatic dispersion. The second is a method of giving temporal fluctuation. The third method is to give spatial fluctuation. Further, a combination of two or more of these may cause image display fluctuations at the same time. In order to realize these methods, random number generation means (random number generation circuit or the like) may be used. Further, in order to realize a display system incorporating such chaotic fluctuations, it is preferable to incorporate an IC that generates chaotic fluctuations into the configuration, or to make the display image fluctuate with software.

As for the fluctuation of chromatic dispersion, there is a method using not only the fluctuation of light intensity of RGB components but also the fluctuation of hue. For example, a method of mixing light with different wavelengths of the EL pixel and the reflective liquid crystal pixel (using a fluctuation in the color mixture ratio), a method using a fluctuation in chromaticity coordinates, a method using a fluctuation in color difference, etc. may be used. .

As for spatial fluctuation, a method of using color mixture with adjacent pixels as color fluctuation of each pixel can be used.

In addition, the intensity of the white display of the reflective liquid crystal element is proportional to the intensity of the external light source (fluorescent lamp, sunlight, etc.), so the illuminance from the external light source to the display screen is measured, and based on the illuminance data, Adjust the video data and display the video.

An illuminance sensor is used to measure the illuminance. The illuminance sensor is a sensor that can measure the amount of light applied to the display surface of the display device. For example, the frame portion of the display screen that does not interfere with the user's recognition of the display screen, or the translucent member of the display device (Substrate) overlaps with the outside light.

The illuminance sensor is electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit compares the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor with a predetermined numerical value, determines and adjusts the video data, and performs an optimal video display.

For example, when viewing the display device in an environment where diplomacy is strong such as outdoors in the daytime, the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. The light emission of the organic EL element is adjusted based on the numerical value. In an environment with strong external light, white display of reflective liquid crystal elements and video display with red organic EL elements and green organic EL elements enable optimal video display without causing blue organic EL elements to emit light. It can be performed. In this case, since the desired image display can be performed without causing the blue organic EL element to emit light and the luminance of the red organic EL element and the green organic EL element to be reduced, power consumption can be reduced.

In addition, when viewing the display device in an environment where the outside light is weak, such as indoors, the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor is less than a predetermined value, so the intensity of white display on the reflective liquid crystal element depends on the illuminance. And the light emission of the organic EL element is adjusted based on the numerical value. In an environment where the outside light is weak, it is possible to display an image with the white display of the reflective liquid crystal element, the blue organic EL element, the red organic EL element, and the green organic EL element, and perform an optimal image display. it can. Even in this case, the white display of the reflective liquid crystal element can be used to reduce the luminance of the blue organic EL element, the red organic EL element, and the green organic EL element, although the external light is weak. Since video display is possible, power consumption can be reduced.

Further, when there is almost no external light, when the illuminance measured by the illuminance sensor can be regarded as almost zero, optimal display is performed using three organic EL elements. In this case, power consumption cannot be reduced, but a display device and a display system that can be viewed by the user in any external light environment can be realized.

  Another embodiment of the present invention includes a display device having a display screen, an illuminance sensor around the display screen, and two or more types of light emission according to changes in external light applied to the illuminance sensor around the display screen This is a display system that expresses fluctuations in image display displayed on a display screen by changing the color or light emission intensity of a combination of the element and a liquid crystal element that uses white light as reflected light.

In addition, when the chromaticity of light emitted from an external light source deviates from the standard white value, such as in the evening, a color temperature sensor is installed on the display device in addition to the illuminance sensor, and the color temperature is Measure and display video by adjusting video data based on the color temperature data. A color sensor that can measure both illuminance and color temperature may be installed in the display device. In this case, the user can obtain an optimal video display that is not affected by a change in the color of ambient ambient light. That is, it can be said that the video display is fluctuated when there are many environmental changes because the video data is changed in order to give the user an optimal video display.

As a means for giving fluctuation to the video display, a random number generation device may be further provided in the display device, and image data fluctuation may be generated by creating video data using the random number generation means.

Further, not only the usage environment in which the amount of light changes, but also the video display may be intentionally fluctuated even when the usage environment is constant. In this case, when the usage environment is fixed, for example, when the amount of light from a fluorescent lamp or the like can be considered to be constant indoors, or even when the outside light is almost zero, the video display can be fluctuated.

  Another embodiment of the present invention is a display device including a light-emitting element having an organic compound layer and a liquid crystal element having an electrode (reflective electrode) from which white light is reflected as reflected light. A display device that includes a means for detecting light intensity, and that independently displays a light emitting element and a liquid crystal element on the basis of the amount of light or color temperature obtained by the means for detecting ambient light intensity. is there.

In the above configuration, the color temperature at the time of white display of the display device is determined by the light emission of the red light emitting element, the light emission of the green light emitting element, and the liquid crystal element that uses white light as reflected light.

Further, the above configuration is characterized in that the image display of the display device is changed in accordance with the change in the light amount or the color temperature obtained by the means for detecting the ambient light intensity, and the image display having the fluctuation of the image display is performed. .

In the above structure, the first transistor electrically connected to the light-emitting element and the second transistor electrically connected to the reflective electrode are formed in the same step. By forming in the same process, the manufacturing process of the display device is shortened, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Further, the present invention is not limited to providing one illuminance sensor for one display screen, and a plurality of illuminance sensors may be provided around one display screen. In the case of using a plurality of illuminance sensors, if the illuminances obtained by the respective illuminance sensors are different, adjustments corresponding to the illuminance sensors can be performed to give fluctuation to the video display.

Giving fluctuations to video display is useful for liquid crystal display elements and organic EL elements, and can also suppress the progression of image sticking when a still image is displayed for a long time.

Further, by using the hybrid display method, it is possible to reproduce color gamuts of various standards. For example, sRGB (standard RGB) widely used in electronic devices such as PAL (Phase Alternating Line) standards and NTSC (National Television System Committee) standards used in television broadcasting, personal computers, digital cameras, printers, etc. ITU-R BT., Which is used in the standard, Adobe RGB standard, HDTV (also known as High Definition Television). 709 (International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector Broadcasting Service (Television) 709) Standard, DCI-P3 (Digital CinitiitiPUU standard used in digital cinema projection) R BT. A color gamut such as 2020 (REC. 2020 (Recommendation 2020)) standard can be reproduced.

A display device that can display an image that feels natural regardless of whether it is indoors or outdoors, that is less burdensome on the eyes of the user, and that comfort is not impaired even when viewing images for a long time. Can provide.

Further, when both the organic EL element and the reflective liquid crystal element are used in combination, different display elements are combined, so that the expressive power of image display is expanded and the display quality of the display device can be improved. Moreover, it is not limited to using both an organic EL element and a reflective liquid crystal element, and it is possible to display only a reflective liquid crystal element or only an organic EL element, and can display an image with high display quality regardless of the use environment. It can also be displayed. In addition, a display device with low power consumption can be provided in order to appropriately control the organic EL element. In addition, since a transistor that drives each of the organic EL element and the reflective liquid crystal element and an organic EL element that emits light are appropriately controlled, a highly reliable display device can be provided.

In addition, it can be said that the display device disclosed in this specification digitizes the environment around the display device using an illuminance sensor, a color temperature sensor, and the like, and provides the user with an optimal video display in accordance with the change. In other words, the conventional display device was intended to provide a certain video display, but the display device disclosed in this specification is the best suited to the environment as the surrounding environment changes. It can be said that it provides a simple video display. When a user carries a display device, the video display can be changed just by moving the display surface of the display device in order to provide an optimal video display according to the environment. Optimal video display can also be obtained by changing the way you hold it. Further, when there are many changes in the amount of light in the environment, the image display can be fluctuated and a natural image can be obtained, which can be said to be a display device that is easy on the eyes.

It is known that the human eye always adjusts the focus, so if you keep looking at a book for a long time at a certain distance, the eye muscles become fatigued or the visual acuity decreases. When viewing a book, it is necessary for the person himself / herself to pay attention to the distance between eyes and book, the posture of the person, the environment in which the book is viewed (the intensity of the fluorescent light), a break for a certain period of time, etc. However, in the display device disclosed in the present specification, even if the video display is continued to be viewed, the video display is fluctuated, so that it is possible to provide a comfortable usage environment that hardly places a burden on the person himself / herself.

Since the display device disclosed in the present specification changes the display according to the environment, it can reduce fatigue of the eye muscles and maintain, preferably activate, the ability to visually recognize the eye. The change in the amount of light per day is indoors regardless of the outdoors, and the display device disclosed in this specification is useful also for a display device installed indoors.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a display device according to an embodiment. 3 shows a structure example of a display panel according to an embodiment. The circuit diagram of the display panel based on Embodiment. 6 is a flowchart according to a driving method of a display device according to an embodiment. The conceptual diagram which shows an example of 1st display mode based on Embodiment, and an example which shows the relationship between the wavelength and intensity | strength of white display in 1st display mode. The conceptual diagram which shows an example of the 2nd display based on embodiment. The conceptual diagram which shows an example of the 3rd display based on Embodiment, and an example which shows the relationship between the wavelength and intensity | strength of white display in a 3rd display mode. The conceptual diagram which shows an example of the 5th display based on Embodiment. The circuit diagram of the display panel based on Embodiment. The figure which shows an example of the external appearance of a display apparatus. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional structure of a display device. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional structure of a display device. FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a cross-sectional structure of a display device. FIG. 6 illustrates a structure of an input / output panel according to an embodiment. FIG. 6 illustrates a structure of an input / output panel according to an embodiment. 6A and 6B illustrate electronic devices. The figure which shows an example of a display module.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that modes and details can be variously changed. In addition, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the description of the embodiments below.

(Embodiment 1)
In this embodiment, a display device of one embodiment of the present invention and a method for driving the display device will be described.

  The display device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a first pixel that expresses gradation by controlling the amount of reflected light and a light source, and a second that expresses gradation by controlling the amount of light of the light source. Of pixels. A plurality of first pixels and second pixels are arranged in a matrix, respectively, and constitute a display unit. In addition, the display device preferably includes a driver that drives the first pixel and the second pixel. The driving unit is preferably configured to be driven by supplying different signals to the first pixel and the second pixel.

  In addition, it is preferable that the first pixels and the second pixels are arranged in the display area with the same number and the same pitch. At this time, the adjacent first pixel and second pixel can be collectively referred to as a pixel unit.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the first pixel and the second pixel are arranged in a mixed manner in the display region of the display device. Thereby, as will be described later, both the image displayed only with the plurality of first pixels, the image displayed only with the plurality of second pixels, and the plurality of first pixels and the plurality of second pixels. Each of the images displayed in can be displayed in the same display area.

  As the display element included in the first pixel, an element that reflects external light for display can be used. Since such an element does not have a light source, power consumption during display can be extremely reduced. As the display element included in the first pixel, a reflective liquid crystal element can be typically used. Alternatively, as a display element included in the first pixel, a shutter type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) element, an optical interference type MEMS element, a microcapsule type, an electrophoretic type, an electrowetting type, an electronic powder fluid ( A device to which a registered trademark method or the like is applied can be used.

  In addition, the display element included in the second pixel includes a light source, and an element that performs display using light from the light source can be used. The light emitted from such a pixel is not affected by the brightness or chromaticity of the light, and therefore has high color reproducibility (wide color gamut) and high contrast, that is, vivid display. be able to. As the display element included in the second pixel, for example, a self-luminous light-emitting element such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), an LED (Light Emitting Diode), or a QLED (Quantum-dot Light Emitting Diode) can be used. Alternatively, as the display element included in the second pixel, a combination of a backlight that is a light source and a transmissive liquid crystal element that controls the amount of light transmitted through the backlight may be used.

  The first pixel has sub-pixels that exhibit light of three colors, for example, red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Similarly, the second pixel also has sub-pixels that exhibit, for example, three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Note that the subpixels included in each of the first pixel and the second pixel may have four or more colors. As the number of subpixels increases, power consumption can be reduced and color reproducibility can be improved. In addition, the number of subpixels included in the first pixel and the number of subpixels included in the second pixel are preferably the same, but may be different. When the number of sub-pixels matches, the driving method can be simplified as compared with the case where they do not match.

  According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first mode in which an image is displayed with a first pixel, a second mode in which an image is displayed with a second pixel, and an image is displayed with the first pixel and the second pixel. The third mode can be switched.

  In the first mode, display can be performed using only the reflected light, and thus no light source is required. Therefore, this is a driving mode with extremely low power consumption. For example, it is effective when the illuminance of outside light is sufficiently high and the outside light is white light or light near the white point in the xy chromaticity diagram.

  In the second mode, since display can be performed using light from the light source, extremely vivid display can be performed regardless of the illuminance and chromaticity of external light. For example, it is effective when the illuminance of outside light is extremely small, such as at night or in a dark room. Further, when the outside light is dark, the user may feel dazzled when performing bright display. In order to prevent this, it is preferable to perform display with reduced luminance in the second mode. Thereby, in addition to suppressing glare, power consumption can also be reduced.

  In the third mode, display can be performed using both light from the light source and reflected light. Specifically, driving is performed so as to express one color by mixing light emitted by the first pixel and light emitted by the second pixel adjacent to the first pixel. In other words, one pixel unit is driven to express one color. Thereby, it is possible to suppress power consumption more than in the second mode while displaying more vividly than in the first mode. For example, when the illuminance of outside light is relatively low, such as under room lighting or in the morning or evening hours, or when the chromaticity of the outside light is not white (that is, the white point W (0.333 in the xy chromaticity diagram). , 0.333), and so on.

  More specifically, the configuration of the display device can include a display panel including a first pixel and a second pixel, an illuminance sensor, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to output the first gradation value output to the first pixel and the second gradation output to the second pixel based on information input from the illuminance sensor and image information input from the outside. Generate and output a value. Here, the image information is information including gradation values corresponding to each pixel unit, and examples thereof include video signals such as video signals.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a display device 10 of one embodiment of the present invention. The display device 10 includes a control unit 11, an illuminance sensor 12, a drive unit 13, and a display unit 14.

  The control unit 11 includes a calculation unit 31 and a storage unit 32. The storage unit 32 can store the table 33 as information.

  The display unit 14 includes a plurality of pixel units 20 arranged in a matrix. The pixel unit 20 includes a first pixel 21 and a second pixel 22.

  FIG. 1 shows an example in which the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22 each have a display element corresponding to three colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B).

  The first pixel 21 includes a display element 21R corresponding to red (R), a display element 21G corresponding to green (G), and a display element 21B corresponding to blue (B). The display elements 21R, 21G, and 21B are display elements that utilize reflection of external light.

  The second pixel 22 includes a monochrome display element 22W surrounding red (R) from the display element 21R, a monochrome display element 22W surrounding green (G) from the display element 21R, and a monochrome display element 22W surrounding blue (B). A display element 22W is included. Each of the three display elements 22W is a display element using light from a light source. Here, the light emitting element is divided into three parts corresponding to the three light emitting elements, but one reflecting electrode may be used in order to increase the reflectance.

  The drive unit 13 includes a circuit that drives the plurality of pixel units 20 in the display unit 14. Specifically, a signal including a gradation value, a scanning signal, a power supply potential, and the like are supplied to the first pixel 21 and the second pixel 22 included in the pixel unit 20. The drive unit 13 includes, for example, a signal line drive circuit and a scanning line drive circuit.

  The illuminance sensor 12 can measure the illuminance of external light applied to the display surface of the display unit 14 or the periphery thereof. The illuminance sensor 12 may be a color sensor that can measure the chromaticity of external light in addition to the illuminance. Further, the illuminance sensor 12 can output a signal L0 including information on the illuminance of the external light in response to a request from the calculation unit 31.

  When the illuminance sensor 12 measures the illuminance, a sensor that can measure the amount of light in the visible wavelength region can be used. For example, a sensor that measures the amount of light in a part or all of the wavelength region of 300 nm to 750 nm can be used. For example, a sensor having a photodiode and a filter that transmits light in a wavelength region to be measured can be used.

  The illuminance sensor 12 may output an analog value corresponding to the measured light amount as it is to the arithmetic unit as an analog signal. Alternatively, it is preferable that the illuminance sensor 12 includes an analog-digital conversion circuit (ADC), converts an analog value into a digital value, and outputs the digital value to the arithmetic unit 31.

  A video signal S0 including image information is input to the control unit 11 from the outside. The control unit 11 includes two signals (wiring) including a gradation value to be supplied to each pixel unit 20 in the display unit 14 based on information on the illuminance of external light included in the signal L0 input from the illuminance sensor 12. S1 signal and wiring S2 signal) are generated and output to the drive unit 13. The control unit 11 generates a timing signal such as a clock signal and a start pulse signal in addition to the signal of the wiring S1 and the signal of the wiring S2, and outputs the timing signal to the driving unit 13.

  The signal of the wiring S <b> 1 is a signal including a gradation value given to the first pixel 21 of the pixel unit 20. Here, the signal of the wiring S1 includes information of three gradation values given to the display elements 21R, 21G, and 21B for each pixel unit 20.

  Further, the signal of the wiring S <b> 2 is a signal including a gradation value given to the second pixel 22 of the pixel unit 20. Here, the signal of the wiring S2 includes information of three gradation values given to each of the three display elements 22W for one pixel unit 20. Here, since it is divided into three, the gradation can be finely adjusted. For example, the display element 22W corresponding to the display element 21R and the display element 22W corresponding to the display element 21G can perform different gray display.

  Each of the signal of the wiring S1 and the signal of the wiring S2 may be a serial signal transmitted through one signal line, or a parallel signal transmitted through a plurality of signal lines.

  FIG. 1 illustrates an example in which the control unit 11 includes a calculation unit 31 and a storage unit 32 in which a table 33 is stored. The table 33 includes information in which the illuminance of external light is associated with the first gradation value given to the first pixel 21 and the second gradation value given to the second pixel 22.

  Based on the information on the illuminance of external light input from the illuminance sensor 12 and the video signal S0 input from the outside, the calculation unit 31 stores the first gradation value and the second value corresponding to the information from the table 33. , The signal of the wiring S1 including the information of the first gradation value and the signal of the wiring S2 including the information of the second gradation value are generated and output to the driving unit 13. it can.

  Here, for example, a microprocessor such as a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) can be used as the calculation unit 31. These microprocessors may be realized by a PLD (Programmable Logic Device) such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or an FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array).

  At this time, the video signal S0 may be generated by a central processing unit (CPU) provided separately from the display device 10 and supplied to the control unit 11. Alternatively, the calculation unit 31 may also serve as a CPU, and the calculation unit 31 may have a function of generating the video signal S0.

  The video signal S0 input from the outside may be a signal that has been corrected in advance, such as gamma correction. Further, the calculation unit 31 may have a function of performing the correction. The calculation unit 31 may generate a signal of the wiring S1 and a signal of the wiring S2 based on a signal obtained by correcting the video signal S0, or each of the generated signal of the wiring S1 and the signal of the wiring S2. However, correction may be performed.

  The calculation unit 31 performs various data processing and program control by interpreting and executing instructions from various programs by a processor. A program that can be executed by the processor may be stored in a memory area of the processor, or may be stored in the storage unit 32.

  The calculation unit 31 may have a main memory. Alternatively, the storage unit 32 may be a main memory of the calculation unit 31. The main memory may include a volatile memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory).

  As the RAM, for example, a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) is used, and a memory space is virtually allocated and used as a work space of the calculation unit 31. An operating system, application programs, program modules, program data, and the like stored in the storage unit 32 or an external storage device are loaded into the RAM for execution. These data, programs, and program modules loaded in the RAM are directly accessed and operated by the arithmetic unit 31. When the calculation unit 31 has a main memory separately from the storage unit 32, the table 33 may be read from the storage unit 32 as a lookup table and temporarily stored in the main memory.

  The control unit 11 can be mounted on a circuit board such as a printed circuit board, and the driving unit 13 can be provided on the board on which the display unit 14 is formed. At this time, the circuit board and the drive unit 13 may be connected via an FPC (Flexible Print Circuit) or the like. Further, at this time, the drive unit 13 may be formed on the substrate on which the display unit 14 is formed in the same process as the transistors constituting the display unit 14, or a part or all of the drive unit 13 is an IC. It may be mounted on the substrate as (Integrated Circuit). Or you may mount the control part 11 and the drive part 13 on the said board | substrate as a form of 1 or several IC. Or the control part 11 and the drive part 13 may be formed in the same process as the transistor etc. which comprise the display part 14 in the board | substrate with which the display part 14 was formed.

Below, the example of the display panel which can be used for the display part 14 is demonstrated. The display panel exemplified below is a display panel that includes both a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element and can perform both transmission mode and reflection mode displays.

  FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example of the structure of the display panel 200. The display panel 200 includes a plurality of pixels 210 arranged in a matrix on the display unit 62. The display panel 200 includes a circuit GD and a circuit SD. In addition, a plurality of pixels 210 arranged in the direction R, and a plurality of wirings G1, a plurality of wirings G2, a plurality of wirings ANO, and a plurality of wirings CSCOM electrically connected to the circuit GD are provided. In addition, a plurality of pixels 210 arranged in the direction C, and a plurality of wirings S1 and a plurality of wirings S2 electrically connected to the circuit SD are provided.

  The pixel 210 includes a reflective liquid crystal element and a light emitting element. In the pixel 210, the liquid crystal element and the light-emitting element have portions that overlap each other.

  FIG. 2B1 illustrates a configuration example of the conductive layer 111b included in the pixel 210. The conductive layer 111b functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element in the pixel 210. In addition, an opening 251 is provided in the conductive layer 111b.

  In FIG. 2B1, the light-emitting element 60 located in a region overlapping with the conductive layer 111b is indicated by a broken line. The light-emitting element 60 is disposed so as to overlap with the opening 251 included in the conductive layer 111b. Thereby, the light emitted from the light emitting element 60 is emitted to the display surface side through the opening 251.

  In FIG. 2 (B1), the pixels 210 adjacent in the direction R are pixels corresponding to different colors. At this time, as illustrated in FIG. 2B1, in two pixels adjacent in the direction R, the openings 251 are preferably provided at different positions in the conductive layer 111b so as not to be arranged in a line. Accordingly, the two light emitting elements 60 can be separated from each other, and a phenomenon (also referred to as crosstalk) in which light emitted from the light emitting elements 60 enters the colored layer of the adjacent pixel 210 can be suppressed. In addition, since the two adjacent light emitting elements 60 can be arranged apart from each other, a high-definition display panel can be realized even when the EL layer of the light emitting element 60 is separately formed using a shadow mask or the like.

  Alternatively, an arrangement as shown in FIG.

  If the ratio of the total area of the opening 251 to the total area of the non-opening is too large, the display using the liquid crystal element becomes dark. Further, if the ratio of the total area of the opening 251 to the total area of the non-opening is too small, the display using the light emitting element 60 becomes dark.

  In addition, if the area of the opening 251 provided in the conductive layer 111b functioning as the reflective electrode is too small, the efficiency of light that can be extracted from the light emitted from the light emitting element 60 is reduced.

The shape of the opening 251 can be, for example, a polygon, a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, a cross, or the like. Moreover, it is good also as an elongated streak shape, a slit shape, and a checkered shape. Further, the opening 251 may be arranged close to adjacent pixels. Preferably, the opening 251 is arranged close to other pixels that display the same color. Thereby, crosstalk can be suppressed.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the pixel 210. In FIG. 3, two adjacent pixels 210 are shown.

  The pixel 210 includes a switch SW1, a capacitor C1, a liquid crystal element 40, a switch SW2, a transistor M, a capacitor C2, a light emitting element 60, and the like. In addition, a wiring G1, a wiring G2, a wiring ANO, a wiring CSCOM, a wiring S1, and a wiring S2 are electrically connected to the pixel 210. 3 shows a wiring VCOM1 electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 40 and a wiring VCOM2 electrically connected to the light emitting element 60.

  FIG. 3 shows an example in which transistors are used for the switch SW1 and the switch SW2.

  The switch SW1 has a gate connected to the wiring G1, one source or drain connected to the wiring S1, and the other source or drain connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 40. Yes. The other electrode of the capacitor C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 40 is connected to the wiring VCOM1.

  The switch SW2 has a gate connected to the wiring G2, one of a source and a drain connected to the wiring S2, and the other of the source and the drain connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2 and the gate of the transistor M. The other electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M and the wiring ANO. In the transistor M, the other of the source and the drain is connected to one electrode of the light emitting element 60. The other electrode of the light emitting element 60 is connected to the wiring VCOM2.

  FIG. 3 shows an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor and these are connected. As a result, the current that can be passed by the transistor M can be increased.

  A signal for controlling the switch SW1 to be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be supplied to the wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1. A signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal element 40 can be supplied to the wiring S1. A predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring CSCOM.

  A signal for controlling the switch SW2 to be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be supplied to the wiring G2. The wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO can each be supplied with a potential that causes a potential difference that the light emitting element 60 emits light. A signal for controlling the conduction state of the transistor M can be supplied to the wiring S2.

  For example, when performing display in a reflection mode, the pixel 210 illustrated in FIG. 3 can be driven by a signal applied to the wiring G1 and the wiring S1 and can display using optical modulation by the liquid crystal element 40. Further, in the case where display is performed in the transmissive mode, display can be performed by driving the light-emitting element 60 to emit light by driving with signals given to the wiring G2 and the wiring S2. In the case of driving in both modes, the driving can be performed by signals given to the wiring G1, the wiring G2, the wiring S1, and the wiring S2.

  The above is the description of the configuration example of the display device.

FIG. 4 is an example of a flowchart showing the display operation of the display device 10 shown in FIG. Hereinafter, an example of the display operation will be described with reference to the drawings. The display operation is assumed to be implemented by firmware of a control unit incorporated in the display device 10. The firmware is a kind of software built in a computer or the like and has a function that controls basic control of circuits and devices inside the main body. Since it is incorporated in the display device and the contents are not changed much, it is called an intermediate between hardware and software. The firmware is often stored in a non-volatile memory, and if stored in a rewritable memory such as a flash memory, the contents of the firmware can be changed.

The user turns on the display screen of the display device 10 to select the effective setting of the illuminance sensor or the measurement interval, and instructs to perform the display operation.

First, it is confirmed that the illuminance sensor is effective, illuminance measurement by the illuminance sensor is started, and the process proceeds to step ST1.

If the result of the illuminance measurement is not zero or near zero, the process proceeds to step ST4. If the illuminance is not less than the predetermined value X, it is determined that there is external light but is weak, and the process proceeds to step ST5, where three types of organic EL elements (R, An image is displayed using G, B) and the white display of the reflective liquid crystal. This display mode is referred to as a first display mode. By operating in the first display mode, it is possible to display an image that makes you feel as if you are watching a painting.

Since the first display mode uses the white display of the reflective liquid crystal, low power consumption can be realized. An example of a display with the first display mode is shown in FIG. FIG. 5B shows a graph showing the wavelength and intensity of white display in the first display mode when white display is performed. In FIG. 5B, since the white display of the reflective liquid crystal is used, relatively flat wavelength dispersion is shown, the burden on vision can be reduced, and the comfortable feeling can be improved.

[About comfort]
Here, a feeling of comfort will be described.

  In the book "Yoshihisa Yamamoto, Emi Nishina, Shinya Murakami, Harumu Karatsu," Science Door 59 Feeling Brain / Mocked Brain / Tricked Brain ", Tokyo Kagaku Dojin, January 29, 2016, 1st edition published" The original environment for human beings is described as follows.

  It is an environment in which genes of modern humans are formed evolutionarily. There are various theories of the evolution of modern human genes, but the latest biological anthropology is most likely to have originated from the African rainforest. Human genes have evolved in the rainforest for 20 million years, counting from the common ancestors of great apes. The modern homosapiens appeared about 160,000 years ago.

  In Africa's rainforest, we are amazed by the comfort of the rainforest's temperature and humidity, the beauty of the forest landscape and the sound of the environment, and the genes and brains of mankind are designed according to the rainforest environment. It is said that I was able to realize.

  In the above book, hypersonic sound is also described. Hypersonic sound is a sound that includes super-high frequencies (a sound that greatly exceeds 20 kHz). If the hypersonic sound is included in the environmental sound, the feeling of comfort may increase and the perception may be sensitized. It is said that it is expected.

  As described above, various researches have been made in the field of sound, but in many cases, the field of color or light is still unknown. However, assuming that human genes and brains are designed for the rainforest environment, it may be affected by the rainforest environment in areas such as color or light as well as in the sound field. is there.

  For example, in a rainforest environment, there is a tendency to have a so-called long-wavelength color gamut that has a relatively long wavelength, such as a deep green in a forest such as a jungle or a red fruit of a tree in the forest. Therefore, if the human gene and brain are designed for the rainforest environment, humans prefer the long wavelength gamut, such as green or red, and have a longer color gamut. However, it is estimated that people's comfort is improved.

If the illuminance is greater than or equal to the predetermined value X and less than the predetermined value Y, the process proceeds to step ST7 and image display is performed using two types of organic EL elements (R, G) and white display of the reflective liquid crystal. This display mode in which no blue organic EL element is used is referred to as a second display mode. An example of a display with the second display mode is shown in FIG. It is assumed that the display in FIG. 6 has substantially the same gradation display as the display in FIG. Since the white display of the reflective liquid crystal is also used in the second display mode, relatively flat wavelength dispersion is shown, and the visual burden can be reduced.

If the result of the illuminance measurement is zero or near zero, it is determined that there is almost no external light, and the process proceeds to step ST3, where only the three types of organic EL elements (R, G, B) are displayed. Select a mode. An example of display with the third display mode is shown in FIG. It is assumed that the display in FIG. 7A displays substantially the same gradation as the display in FIG. FIG. 7B is a graph showing the wavelength and intensity of white display in the third display mode when white display is performed. When only three kinds of organic EL elements (R, G, B) are displayed in white, a wavelength spectrum having three sharp peaks is shown. Therefore, it can be clearly seen in the dark, but it can be said that the eyes are more tired than the first display mode and the third display mode.

If the illuminance is not less than the predetermined value Y (Y> X), the fourth display mode is selected in which the external light is determined to be very strong and the display is performed only with the reflective liquid crystal.

In accordance with the numerical value obtained by the illuminance sensor, video display is performed using any one of the first to fourth display modes. If the display is completed, the process proceeds to step ST9, and the display operation ends.

When video display is to be continued, the process returns to step ST1, the illuminance is measured, and the above display operation is repeated.

In this embodiment, an example of switching to one of four display modes according to the numerical value of the illuminance sensor is shown, and video data conversion procedures (programs), variables, and the like in each display mode are prepared in advance. Thus, the display mode can be switched smoothly.

Moreover, it is not specifically limited to the said flowchart, You may increase the kind of display mode further.

The light source color (correlated color temperature) can be divided into daylight color, day white color, white color, warm white color, and light bulb color. When the external light is not considered white and has a chromaticity that is far from the white point W, for example, when the display screen of the display device is recognized outdoors in the evening, the entire image display is orange (also called a light bulb color). )become. In this case, since it is difficult to measure the color of external light with only the illuminance sensor, a color temperature sensor may be provided in the display device, and the color of external light may be digitized and used for gradation display. An example of the display having the fifth display mode is shown in FIG. It is assumed that the display in FIG. 8 has substantially the same gray scale display as the display in FIG.

In addition, the user may determine the measurement interval of the illuminance sensor, or may automatically change the display mode when the numerical value of the illuminance sensor changes. In this case, the more frequently the illuminance changes, the more the display is fluctuated. Therefore, a display that is easier on the eyes can be provided.

(Embodiment 2) In Embodiment 1, an example using three types of organic EL elements has been shown. However, in this embodiment, in addition to three types of organic EL elements (RGB), white light emitting elements are used. An example of a display device that combines a total of four types of organic EL elements (R, G, B, W) and a reflective liquid crystal element is shown. Here, the reflective liquid crystal element is described as one monochrome display element for four types of organic EL elements.

FIG. 9A illustrates an example in which one pixel 410 includes one liquid crystal element 340 and four light-emitting elements 360 (light-emitting elements 360r, 360g, 360b, and 360w). A pixel 410 illustrated in FIG. 9A is a pixel capable of full-color display with one pixel, unlike FIG.

  In FIG. 9A, in addition to the example of FIG. 3, a wiring G3 and a wiring S3 are connected to the pixel 410.

  In the example illustrated in FIG. 9A, for example, light emitting elements that exhibit red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W) can be used as the four light emitting elements 360, respectively. As the liquid crystal element 340, a reflective liquid crystal element exhibiting white can be used. Thereby, when displaying in reflection mode, white display with high reflectance can be performed. In addition, when display is performed in the transmissive mode, display with high color rendering properties can be performed with low power.

  FIG. 9B illustrates a configuration example of the pixel 410. The pixel 410 includes a light-emitting element 360 w that overlaps with an opening included in the electrode 311, and a light-emitting element 360 r, a light-emitting element 360 g, and a light-emitting element 360 b that are disposed around the electrode 311. The light emitting element 360r, the light emitting element 360g, and the light emitting element 360b preferably have substantially the same light emitting area.

In the present embodiment, examples of four types of organic EL elements (R, G, B, and W) are shown, but there is no particular limitation, and a combination of yellow, magenta, cyan, and white may be used.

Further, this embodiment can be combined with any of the other embodiments.

For example, in combination with Embodiment Mode 1, a new white color can be expressed by using both a reflective liquid crystal element exhibiting white color and an organic EL element (W).

(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, a display device and a manufacturing method thereof according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings.

  As the first display element, a reflective liquid crystal element can be typically used. Alternatively, as a first display element, in addition to a shutter-type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) element, an optical interference-type MEMS element, a microcapsule type, an electrophoretic method, an electrowetting method, and an electronic powder fluid (registered trademark) An element to which a method or the like is applied can be used.

  A light-emitting element is preferably used for the second display element. The light emitted from such a display element is not affected by external light in brightness or chromaticity, so that it has high color reproducibility (wide color gamut), high contrast, and vivid display. Can do.

  For the second display element, a self-luminous light emitting element such as an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), an LED (Light Emitting Diode), or a QLED (Quantum-Dot Light Emitting Diode) can be used.

  With such a configuration, it is possible to realize a highly visible and highly convenient display device or an all-weather display device regardless of ambient brightness.

  The display device of this embodiment includes a plurality of first pixels each including a first display element and a plurality of second pixels each including a second display element. The first pixels and the second pixels are preferably arranged in a matrix.

  Each of the first pixel and the second pixel can include one or more subpixels. For example, the pixel has a configuration with one subpixel (white (W), etc.), a configuration with three subpixels (red (R), green (G), and blue (B), or three colors, or Yellow (Y), cyan (C), magenta (M), etc.) or a configuration having four sub-pixels (red (R), green (G), blue (B), white (W) Or four colors of red (R), green (G), blue (B), yellow (Y), etc.) can be applied.

  The display device of this embodiment can be configured to perform full-color display in both the first pixel and the second pixel. Alternatively, the display device in this embodiment can have a structure in which the first pixel performs monochrome display or grayscale display, and the second pixel performs full color display. The monochrome display or grayscale display using the first pixel is suitable for displaying information that does not require color display, such as document information.

  A configuration example of the display device of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

<Configuration example 1>
FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the display device 130. The display device 130 has a structure in which a substrate 451 and a substrate 461 are attached to each other. In FIG. 10, the substrate 461 is clearly indicated by a broken line.

  The display device 130 includes a pixel region 362, a circuit 364, a wiring 365, and the like. FIG. 10 shows an example in which an IC (Integrated Circuit) 373 and an FPC 372 are mounted on the display device 130. Therefore, the structure illustrated in FIG. 10 can also be referred to as a display module including the display device 130, the IC, and the FPC.

  As the circuit 364, for example, a scan line driver circuit can be used.

  The wiring 365 has a function of supplying a signal and power to the pixel region 362 and the circuit 364. The signal and power are input to the wiring 365 from the outside through the FPC 372 or from the IC 373.

  FIG. 10 illustrates an example in which the IC 373 is provided on the substrate 451 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a COF (Chip on Film) method, or the like. For example, an IC having a scan line driver circuit or a signal line driver circuit can be used as the IC 373. Note that the display device 130 and the display module may have no IC. Further, the IC may be mounted on the FPC by a COF method or the like.

  FIG. 10 shows an enlarged view of a part of the pixel region 362. In the pixel region 362, electrodes 311b included in the plurality of display elements are arranged in a matrix. The electrode 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element 180.

  Further, as illustrated in FIG. 10, the electrode 311 b has an opening 450. Further, the pixel region 362 includes the light-emitting element 170 on the substrate 451 side of the electrode 311b. Light from the light emitting element 170 is emitted to the substrate 461 side through the opening 450 of the electrode 311b. The area of the light emitting region of the light emitting element 170 may be equal to the area of the opening 450. It is preferable that one of the area of the light emitting region of the light emitting element 170 and the area of the opening 450 is larger than the other because a margin for displacement is increased. In particular, the area of the opening 450 is preferably larger than the area of the light emitting region of the light emitting element 170. If the opening 450 is small, part of light from the light-emitting element 170 may be blocked by the electrode 311b and may not be extracted to the outside. By making the opening 450 sufficiently large, it is possible to prevent the light emission of the light emitting element 170 from being wasted.

  A display device 130 illustrated in FIG. 11 has a structure in which a display portion 102 and a display portion 104 are stacked between a substrate 451 and a substrate 452. In FIG. 11, the transistor included in the display portion 102 and the transistor included in the display portion 104 are formed in the same layer. A layer in which the transistors (the transistors 401, 403, 405, and 406 in FIG. 11) are formed has a region between the liquid crystal element 180 and the light-emitting element 170. For the liquid crystal element 180, the description about the display element 101 of the above embodiment can be referred to, and for the light emitting element 170, the description about the display element 103 of the previous embodiment can be referred to.

  FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a cross section of the display device 130 illustrated in FIG. 10 when a part of the region including the FPC 372, a part of the region including the circuit 364, and a part of the region including the pixel region 362 are cut. Indicates.

  A display device 130 illustrated in FIG. 11 includes a transistor 401, a transistor 403, a transistor 405, a transistor 406, a liquid crystal element 180, a light-emitting element 170, an insulating layer 220, a coloring layer 134, and the like between a substrate 451 and a substrate 461. The substrate 461 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded through an adhesive layer 441. The substrate 451 and the insulating layer 220 are bonded through an adhesive layer 442.

  The substrate 461 is provided with a light-blocking layer 432, an insulating layer 121, an electrode 413 functioning as a common electrode for the liquid crystal element 180, an alignment film 133b, an insulating layer 117, and the like. A polarizing plate 435 is provided on the outer surface of the substrate 461. The insulating layer 121 may function as a planarization layer. Since the surface of the electrode 413 can be substantially flattened by the insulating layer 121, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 412 can be made uniform. The insulating layer 117 functions as a spacer for maintaining the cell gap of the liquid crystal element 180. In the case where the insulating layer 117 transmits visible light, the insulating layer 117 may be overlapped with the display region of the liquid crystal element 180.

  The liquid crystal element 180 is a reflective liquid crystal element. The liquid crystal element 180 has a stacked structure in which an electrode 311 a functioning as a pixel electrode, a liquid crystal layer 412, and an electrode 413 are stacked. An electrode 311b that reflects visible light is provided in contact with the substrate 451 side of the electrode 311a. The electrode 311b has an opening 450. The electrode 311a and the electrode 413 transmit visible light. An alignment film 133a is provided between the liquid crystal layer 412 and the electrode 311a. An alignment film 133 b is provided between the liquid crystal layer 412 and the electrode 413.

  In the liquid crystal element 180, the electrode 311b has a function of reflecting visible light, and the electrode 413 has a function of transmitting visible light. Light incident from the substrate 461 side is polarized by the polarizing plate 435, passes through the electrode 413 and the liquid crystal layer 412, and is reflected by the electrode 311b. Then, the light passes through the liquid crystal layer 412 and the electrode 413 again and reaches the polarizing plate 435. At this time, alignment of liquid crystal can be controlled by a voltage applied between the electrode 311b and the electrode 413, and optical modulation of light can be controlled. That is, the intensity of light emitted through the polarizing plate 435 can be controlled.

  As shown in FIG. 11, the opening 450 is preferably provided with an electrode 311a that transmits visible light. As a result, the liquid crystal layer 412 is aligned in the region overlapping with the opening 450 in the same manner as in the other regions. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unintended light leakage due to poor alignment of the liquid crystal at the boundary between these regions. .

  In the connection portion 407, the electrode 311b is electrically connected to the conductive layer 222a included in the transistor 406 through the conductive layer 221b. The transistor 406 has a function of controlling driving of the liquid crystal element 180.

  A connection portion 252 is provided in a part of the region where the adhesive layer 441 is provided. In the connection portion 252, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the electrode 311 a and a part of the electrode 413 are electrically connected by a connection body 243. Therefore, a signal or a potential input from the FPC 372 connected to the substrate 451 side can be supplied to the electrode 413 formed on the substrate 461 side through the connection portion 252.

  As the connection body 243, for example, conductive particles can be used. As the conductive particles, those obtained by coating the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica with a metal material can be used. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because the contact resistance can be reduced. In addition, it is preferable to use particles in which two or more kinds of metal materials are coated in layers, such as further coating nickel with gold. Further, it is preferable to use a material that is elastically deformed or plastically deformed as the connection body 243. At this time, the connection body 243, which is a conductive particle, may have a shape crushed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. By doing so, the contact area between the connection body 243 and the conductive layer electrically connected to the connection body 243 can be increased, the contact resistance can be reduced, and the occurrence of problems such as connection failure can be suppressed.

  The connection body 243 is preferably disposed so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 441. For example, the connection body 243 may be disposed after applying a paste or the like to be the adhesive layer 441.

  The light emitting element 170 is a bottom emission type light emitting element. The light-emitting element 170 has a stacked structure in which an electrode 191 that functions as a pixel electrode, an EL layer 192, and an electrode 193 that functions as a common electrode are stacked in this order from the insulating layer 220 side. The electrode 191 is connected to the conductive layer 222 b included in the transistor 405 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 214. The transistor 405 has a function of controlling driving of the light-emitting element 170. An insulating layer 216 covers the end portion of the electrode 191. The electrode 193 includes a material that reflects visible light, and the electrode 191 includes a material that transmits visible light. An insulating layer 194 is provided to cover the electrode 193. Light emitted from the light-emitting element 170 is emitted to the substrate 461 side through the coloring layer 134, the insulating layer 220, the opening 450, the electrode 311a, and the like.

  The liquid crystal element 180 and the light emitting element 170 can exhibit various colors by changing the color of the colored layer depending on the pixel. The display device 130 can perform color display by using the liquid crystal element 180 to overlap the colored layers, and can perform monochrome display if the colored layers are not disposed. The display device 130 can perform color display using the light-emitting element 170.

  The transistors 401, 403, 405, and 406 are all formed on the surface of the insulating layer 220 on the substrate 451 side. These transistors can be manufactured using the same process.

  The circuit electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 180 is preferably formed on the same plane as the circuit electrically connected to the light emitting element 170. Thereby, the thickness of the display device can be reduced as compared with the case where the two circuits are formed on different surfaces. Further, since the two transistors can be manufactured in the same process, the manufacturing process can be simplified as compared with the case where the two transistors are formed over different surfaces.

  The pixel electrode of the liquid crystal element 180 is positioned opposite to the pixel electrode of the light-emitting element 170 with a gate insulating layer included in the transistor interposed therebetween.

  Here, the liquid crystal element 180 is used when a transistor 406 having a metal oxide in a channel formation region and having extremely low off-state current or a memory element electrically connected to the transistor 406 is used. Thus, even when the writing operation to the pixel is stopped when displaying a still image, the gradation can be maintained. That is, display can be maintained even if the frame rate is extremely small. Such a driving method is hereinafter referred to as “idling stop” or “IDS driving.” In one embodiment of the present invention, the frame rate can be extremely reduced, and driving with low power consumption can be performed.

In addition, a structure of a CAC (Cloud Aligned Composite) -OS that can be used for a channel formation region is described below.

  The CAC-OS is one structure of a material in which an element included in an oxide semiconductor is unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or the vicinity thereof. Note that in the following, in an oxide semiconductor, one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and a region including the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or the vicinity thereof. The state mixed with is also referred to as a mosaic or patch.

  Note that the oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium. In particular, it is preferable to contain indium and zinc. In addition, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, etc. One kind selected from the above or a plurality of kinds may be included.

For example, a CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide (In-Ga-Zn oxide among CAC-OSs may be referred to as CAC-IGZO in particular) is an indium oxide (hereinafter referred to as InO). _X1 (X1 is greater real than 0) and.), or indium zinc oxide _{(hereinafter, in X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 (} X2, Y2, and Z2 is larger real than 0) and a.), gallium An oxide (hereinafter referred to as GaO _X3 (X3 is a real number greater than 0)) or a gallium zinc oxide (hereinafter referred to as Ga _X4 Zn _Y4 O _Z4 (where X4, Y4, and Z4 are greater than 0)) to.) and the like, the material becomes mosaic by separate into, mosaic _{InO X1} or _in X2 _Zn Y2 _{O Z2,} is a configuration in which uniformly distributed in the film (hereinafter Also referred to as a cloud-like.) A.

That, CAC-OS includes a region _{GaO X3} is the main _component, and In _{X2 Zn} Y2 _{O Z2,} or _{InO X1} is the main component region is a composite oxide semiconductor having a structure that is mixed. Note that in this specification, for example, the first region indicates that the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the first region is larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the second region. It is assumed that the concentration of In is higher than that in the second region.

Note that IGZO is a common name and may refer to one compound of In, Ga, Zn, and O. As a typical example, InGaO ₃ (ZnO) _m1 (m1 is a natural number) or In _{(1 + x0)} Ga _(1-x0) O ₃ (ZnO) _m0 (−1 ≦ x0 ≦ 1, m0 is an arbitrary number) A crystalline compound may be mentioned.

  The crystalline compound has a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC structure. The CAAC structure is a crystal structure in which a plurality of IGZO nanocrystals have c-axis orientation and are connected without being oriented in the ab plane.

  On the other hand, CAC-OS relates to a material structure of an oxide semiconductor. CAC-OS refers to a region observed in the form of nanoparticles mainly composed of Ga in a material structure including In, Ga, Zn and O, and nanoparticles mainly composed of In. The region observed in a shape is a configuration in which the regions are randomly dispersed in a mosaic shape. Therefore, in the CAC-OS, the crystal structure is a secondary element.

  Note that the CAC-OS does not include a stacked structure of two or more kinds of films having different compositions. For example, a structure composed of two layers of a film mainly containing In and a film mainly containing Ga is not included.

Incidentally, a region _{GaO X3} is the main _component, and In _{X2 Zn} Y2 _{O Z2} or _{InO X1} is the main component region, in some cases clear boundary can not be observed.

  In place of gallium, aluminum, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, boron, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium are selected. In the case where one or a plurality of types are included, the CAC-OS includes a region that is observed in a part of a nanoparticle mainly including the metal element and a nanoparticle mainly including In. The region observed in the form of particles refers to a configuration in which each region is randomly dispersed in a mosaic shape.

  The CAC-OS can be formed by a sputtering method under a condition where the substrate is not intentionally heated, for example. In the case where a CAC-OS is formed by a sputtering method, any one or more selected from an inert gas (typically argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas. Good. Further, the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the deposition gas during film formation is preferably as low as possible. For example, the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas is 0% to less than 30%, preferably 0% to 10%. .

  The CAC-OS is characterized in that no clear peak is observed when it is measured using a θ / 2θ scan by the out-of-plane method, which is one of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement methods. Have. That is, it can be seen from X-ray diffraction that no orientation in the ab plane direction and c-axis direction of the measurement region is observed.

  In addition, in the CAC-OS, an electron diffraction pattern obtained by irradiating an electron beam with a probe diameter of 1 nm (also referred to as a nanobeam electron beam) has a ring-like region having a high luminance and a plurality of bright regions in the ring region. A point is observed. Therefore, it can be seen from the electron beam diffraction pattern that the crystal structure of the CAC-OS has an nc (nano-crystal) structure having no orientation in the planar direction and the cross-sectional direction.

Further, for example, in a CAC-OS in an In—Ga—Zn oxide, a region in which GaO _X3 is a main component is obtained by EDX mapping obtained by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It can be confirmed that a region in which In _X2 Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 is a main component is unevenly distributed and mixed.

The CAC-OS has a structure different from that of the IGZO compound in which the metal element is uniformly distributed, and has a property different from that of the IGZO compound. That is, in the CAC-OS, a region in which GaO _X3 or the like is a main component and a region in which In _X2 Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 is a main component are phase-separated from each other, and each region is mainly composed of each element. Has a mosaic structure.

Here, the region containing In _X2 Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 as a main component is a region having higher conductivity than a region containing GaO _X3 or the like as a main component. _That, In _{X2 Zn} Y2 _{O Z2} or _{InO X1,} is an area which is the main component, by carriers flow, expressed the conductivity of the oxide semiconductor. Accordingly, a region where In _X2 Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 is a main component is distributed in a cloud shape in the oxide semiconductor, whereby high field-effect mobility (μ) can be realized.

On the other hand, areas such as _{GaO X3} is the main _component, as compared to the In _{X2 Zn} Y2 _{O Z2} or _{InO X1} is the main component area, it is highly regions insulating. That is, a region containing GaO _X3 or the like as a main component is distributed in the oxide semiconductor, whereby leakage current can be suppressed and good switching operation can be realized.

Therefore, when CAC-OS is used for a semiconductor element, the insulating property caused by GaO _{X3 and the} like and the conductivity caused by In _X2 Zn _Y2 O _Z2 or InO _X1 act in a complementary manner, resulting in high An on-current (I _on ) and high field effect mobility (μ) can be realized.

  In addition, a semiconductor element using a CAC-OS has high reliability. Therefore, the CAC-OS is optimal for various semiconductor devices including a display.

Further, the transistor 403 is a transistor (also referred to as a switching transistor or a selection transistor) that controls the selection / non-selection state of a pixel. The transistor 405 is a transistor (also referred to as a drive transistor) that controls a current flowing through the light-emitting element 170.

  An insulating layer such as an insulating layer 211, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, and an insulating layer 214 is provided on the substrate 451 side of the insulating layer 220. A part of the insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer of each transistor. The insulating layer 212 is provided so as to cover the transistor 406 and the like. The insulating layer 213 is provided so as to cover the transistor 405 and the like. The insulating layer 214 functions as a planarization layer. Note that the number of insulating layers covering the transistor is not limited, and may be a single layer or two or more layers.

  It is preferable to use a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen hardly diffuse for at least one of the insulating layers covering each transistor. Thereby, the insulating layer can function as a barrier film. With such a structure, impurities can be effectively prevented from diffusing from the outside with respect to the transistor, and a highly reliable display device can be realized.

  The transistor 401, the transistor 403, the transistor 405, and the transistor 406 include a conductive layer 221a that functions as a gate, an insulating layer 211 that functions as a gate insulating layer, a conductive layer 222a and a conductive layer 222b that function as a source and a drain, and a semiconductor layer 231. Here, the same hatching pattern is given to a plurality of layers obtained by processing the same conductive film.

  In addition to the structures of the transistor 403 and the transistor 406, the transistor 401 and the transistor 405 include a conductive layer 223 that functions as a gate.

  A structure in which a semiconductor layer in which a channel is formed is sandwiched between two gates is applied to the transistor 401 and the transistor 405. With such a structure, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be controlled. The transistor may be driven by connecting two gates and supplying the same signal thereto. Such a transistor can have higher field-effect mobility than other transistors, and can increase on-state current. As a result, a circuit that can be driven at high speed can be manufactured. Furthermore, the area occupied by the circuit portion can be reduced. By applying a transistor with a large on-state current, even if the number of wirings increases when the display device is enlarged or high-definition, signal delay in each wiring can be reduced, and display unevenness is suppressed. can do.

  Alternatively, the threshold voltage of the transistor can be controlled by applying a potential for controlling the threshold voltage to one of the two gates and applying a potential for driving to the other of the two gates.

  There is no limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device. The transistor included in the circuit 364 and the transistor included in the pixel region 362 may have the same structure or different structures. The plurality of transistors included in the circuit 364 may have the same structure, or two or more structures may be used in combination. Similarly, the plurality of transistors included in the pixel region 362 may all have the same structure, or two or more structures may be used in combination.

  For the conductive layer 223, a conductive material containing an oxide is preferably used. When the conductive film included in the conductive layer 223 is formed, oxygen can be supplied to the insulating layer 212 by being formed in an atmosphere containing oxygen. The proportion of oxygen gas in the film forming gas is preferably in the range of 90% to 100%. Oxygen supplied to the insulating layer 212 is supplied to the semiconductor layer 231 by a later heat treatment, so that oxygen vacancies in the semiconductor layer 231 can be reduced.

  In particular, the conductive layer 223 is preferably formed using a metal oxide with low resistance. At this time, an insulating film from which hydrogen is released, for example, a silicon nitride film or the like is preferably used for the insulating layer 213. Hydrogen is supplied into the conductive layer 223 during the formation of the insulating layer 213 or by a subsequent heat treatment, so that the electrical resistance of the conductive layer 223 can be effectively reduced.

  A colored layer 134 is provided in contact with the insulating layer 213. The colored layer 134 is covered with the insulating layer 214.

  A connection portion 404 is provided in a region of the substrate 451 that does not overlap with the substrate 461. In the connection portion 404, the wiring 365 is electrically connected to the FPC 372 through the connection layer 242. The connection unit 404 has the same configuration as the connection unit 407. On the upper surface of the connection portion 404, a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the electrode 311a is exposed. Thereby, the connection portion 404 and the FPC 372 can be electrically connected via the connection layer 242.

  Although a linearly polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 435 disposed on the outer surface of the substrate 461, a circularly polarizing plate may be used. As a circularly-polarizing plate, what laminated | stacked the linearly-polarizing plate and the quarter wavelength phase difference plate, for example can be used. Thereby, external light reflection can be suppressed. In addition, a desired contrast may be realized by adjusting a cell gap, an alignment, a driving voltage, and the like of the liquid crystal element used for the liquid crystal element 180 in accordance with the type of the polarizing plate.

  Note that various optical members can be disposed outside the substrate 461. Examples of the optical member include a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, a light diffusion layer (such as a diffusion film), an antireflection layer, and a light collecting film. Further, on the outside of the substrate 461, an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult to adhere dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses generation of scratches due to use, and the like may be arranged.

  For the substrate 451 and the substrate 461, glass, quartz, ceramic, sapphire, organic resin, or the like can be used, respectively. When a flexible material is used for the substrate 451 and the substrate 461, flexibility of the display device can be increased.

  As the liquid crystal element 180, for example, a liquid crystal element to which a vertical alignment (VA) mode is applied can be used. As the vertical alignment mode, an MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV (Advanced Super View) mode, or the like can be used.

  As the liquid crystal element 180, liquid crystal elements to which various modes are applied can be used. For example, in addition to the VA mode, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, an ASM (Axially Symmetrical Aligned Micro-cell) mode, Further, a liquid crystal element to which an FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, an AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, or the like is applied can be used.

  The liquid crystal element is an element that controls transmission or non-transmission of light by an optical modulation action of liquid crystal. The optical modulation action of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field applied to the liquid crystal (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field, or an oblique electric field). As the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element, a thermotropic liquid crystal, a low-molecular liquid crystal, a polymer liquid crystal, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like can be used. . These liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, and the like depending on conditions.

  As the liquid crystal material, either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used, and an optimal liquid crystal material may be used according to an applied mode or design.

Note that the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal material is 2 or more and 3.8 or less, and the resistivity of the liquid crystal material is 1.0 × 10 ¹⁴ (Ω · cm) or more and 1.0 × 10 ¹⁵ (Ω · cm) or less. Thus, IDS driving is possible and power consumption of the display device 130 can be reduced, which is preferable.

  In order to control the alignment of the liquid crystal, an alignment film can be provided. Note that in the case of employing a horizontal electric field mode, liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is unnecessary may be used. The blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases. When the temperature of the cholesteric liquid crystal is increased, the blue phase appears immediately before the transition from the cholesteric phase to the isotropic phase. Since the blue phase appears only in a narrow temperature range, a liquid crystal composition mixed with several percent by weight or more of a chiral agent is used for the liquid crystal in order to improve the temperature range. A liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and is optically isotropic. In addition, a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent does not require alignment treatment and has a small viewing angle dependency. Further, since it is not necessary to provide an alignment film, a rubbing process is not required, so that electrostatic breakdown caused by the rubbing process can be prevented, and defects or breakage of the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process can be reduced. .

  In the case of using a reflective liquid crystal element, a polarizing plate 435 is provided on the display surface side. Separately from this, it is preferable to arrange a light diffusing plate on the display surface side because the visibility can be improved.

  A front light may be provided outside the polarizing plate 435. As the front light, an edge light type front light is preferably used. It is preferable to use a front light including an LED (Light Emitting Diode) because power consumption can be reduced.

  For materials that can be used for the light-emitting element, the transistor, the insulating layer, the conductive layer, the adhesive layer, the connection layer, and the like, the description in Embodiment 1 can be referred to.

<Configuration example 2>
The display device 130 illustrated in FIG. 12 does not include the transistor 401, the transistor 403, the transistor 405, and the transistor 406, but includes the transistor 281, the transistor 284, the transistor 285, and the transistor 286. Different.

  In FIG. 12, the positions of the insulating layer 117, the connection portion 407, and the like are also different from those in FIG. FIG. 12 illustrates an end portion of the pixel. The insulating layer 117 is disposed so as to overlap the end portion of the light shielding layer 432. As described above, the insulating layer may be disposed in a portion that does not overlap the display region (portion that overlaps the light shielding layer 432).

  Like the transistor 284 and the transistor 285, two transistors included in the display device may be partially stacked. Thereby, since the area occupied by the pixel circuit can be reduced, the definition can be increased. In addition, the light emitting area of the light emitting element 170 can be increased and the aperture ratio can be improved. If the light-emitting element 170 has a high aperture ratio, the current density for obtaining necessary luminance can be reduced, so that reliability is improved.

  The transistor 281, the transistor 284, and the transistor 286 each include a conductive layer 221a, an insulating layer 211, a semiconductor layer 231, a conductive layer 222a, and a conductive layer 222b. The conductive layer 221a overlaps with the semiconductor layer 231 with the insulating layer 211 interposed therebetween. The conductive layer 222 a and the conductive layer 222 b are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 231. The transistor 281 includes a conductive layer 223.

  The transistor 285 includes a conductive layer 222b, an insulating layer 217, a semiconductor layer 261, a conductive layer 223, an insulating layer 212, an insulating layer 213, a conductive layer 263a, and a conductive layer 263b. The conductive layer 222b overlaps with the semiconductor layer 261 with the insulating layer 217 interposed therebetween. The conductive layer 223 overlaps with the semiconductor layer 261 with the insulating layer 212 and the insulating layer 213 interposed therebetween. The conductive layer 263a and the conductive layer 263b are electrically connected to the semiconductor layer 261.

  The conductive layer 221a functions as a gate. The insulating layer 211 functions as a gate insulating layer. The conductive layer 222a functions as one of a source and a drain. The conductive layer 222b included in the transistor 286 functions as the other of the source and the drain.

  The conductive layer 222b shared by the transistor 284 and the transistor 285 includes a portion functioning as the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 284 and a portion functioning as the gate of the transistor 285. The insulating layer 217, the insulating layer 212, and the insulating layer 213 function as gate insulating layers. One of the conductive layer 263a and the conductive layer 263b functions as a source, and the other functions as a drain. The conductive layer 223 functions as a gate.

<Configuration example 3>
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the display unit of the display device 130.

  A display device 130 illustrated in FIG. 13 has a structure in which a display portion 102 and a display portion 104 are stacked between a substrate 451 and a substrate 461. Specifically, in FIG. 10, the display portion 102 and the display portion 104 are bonded by an adhesive layer 442.

  A display device 130 illustrated in FIG. 13 includes a transistor 540, a transistor 80, a liquid crystal element 180, a light-emitting element 170, an insulating layer 220, a coloring layer 134, and the like between a substrate 451 and a substrate 461.

  Embodiment 1 can be referred to for structures and manufacturing methods of the transistors 540 and 80.

  In the liquid crystal element 180, the external light is reflected by the electrode 311 b and the reflected light is emitted to the substrate 461 side. The light emitting element 170 emits light to the substrate 461 side. For the structures of the liquid crystal element 180 and the light emitting element 170, Structure Example 1 can be referred to.

  The substrate 461 is provided with an insulating layer 121, an electrode 413 functioning as a common electrode of the liquid crystal element 180, and an alignment film 133b.

  The liquid crystal layer 412 is sandwiched between the electrode 311a and the electrode 413 through the alignment film 133a and the alignment film 133b.

  The transistor 540 is covered with an insulating layer 212 and an insulating layer 213. The insulating layer 213 and the coloring layer 134 are attached to the insulating layer 194 with an adhesive layer 442.

  In the display device 130, the transistor 540 that drives the liquid crystal element 180 and the transistor 80 that drives the light-emitting element 170 are formed over different surfaces; therefore, a structure and a material that are suitable for driving each display element are used. It is easy to form.

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 4)
The structure of the input / output panel of one embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to FIGS. For example, the input / output panel of one embodiment of the present invention can include the display portion 362 illustrated in FIG.

  FIG. 14 illustrates a structure of the input / output panel of one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of a pixel included in the input / output panel.

  FIG. 15 illustrates a structure of the input / output panel of one embodiment of the present invention. 15A is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the functional film of the input / output panel shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 15B is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the input unit, and FIG. FIG. 15D is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the second unit, and FIG. 15D is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the first unit.

  In the present specification, a variable having an integer value of 1 or more may be used for the sign. For example, (p) including a variable p that takes an integer value of 1 or more may be used as a part of a code that identifies any of the maximum p components. Further, for example, a variable m that takes an integer value of 1 or more and (m, n) including a variable n may be used as part of a code that identifies any one of the maximum m × n components.

  The input / output panel 700TP3 described in this configuration example includes a pixel 702 (i, j) (see FIG. 14). The input / output panel 700TP3 includes a first unit 511, a second unit 512, an input unit 513, and a functional film 770P (see FIG. 15). The first unit 511 includes a functional layer 620, and the second unit 512 includes a functional layer 720.

<Pixel 702 (i, j)>
The pixel 702 (i, j) includes a part of the functional layer 620, a first display element 750 (i, j), and a second display element 650 (i, j) (see FIG. 14). . As the first display element 750 (i, j), the display element 180 described in the above embodiment can be referred to. For the second display element 650 (i, j), the display element 170 described in the above embodiment can be referred to.

  The functional layer 620 includes a first conductive film, a second conductive film, an insulating film 601C, and a pixel circuit 630 (i, j). Note that the pixel circuit 630 (i, j) (not shown) includes, for example, a transistor M. The functional layer 620 includes an optical element 660, a coating film 665, and a lens 680. The functional layer 620 includes an insulating film 628 and an insulating film 621. A material in which the insulating films 621A and 621B are stacked can be used for the insulating film 621. For the transistor M, the transistor 405 described in the above embodiment can be referred to.

  For example, a material having a refractive index of about 1.55 can be used for the insulating film 621A or the insulating film 621B. Alternatively, a material with a refractive index of about 1.6 can be used for the insulating film 621A or the insulating film 621B. Alternatively, acrylic resin or polyimide can be used for the insulating film 621A or the insulating film 621B.

  The insulating film 601C includes a region sandwiched between the first conductive film and the second conductive film, and the insulating film 601C includes an opening 691A.

  The first conductive film is electrically connected to the first display element 750 (i, j). Specifically, it is electrically connected to the electrode 751 (i, j) of the first display element 750 (i, j). Note that the electrode 751 (i, j) can be used for the first conductive film.

  The second conductive film includes a region overlapping with the first conductive film. The second conductive film is electrically connected to the first conductive film in the opening 691A. For example, the conductive film 612B can be used for the second conductive film. The second conductive film is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 630 (i, j). For example, a conductive film functioning as a source electrode or a drain electrode of a transistor used for the switch SW1 of the pixel circuit 630 (i, j) can be used for the second conductive film. By the way, the first conductive film electrically connected to the second conductive film in the opening 691A provided in the insulating film 601C can be referred to as a through electrode. For the transistor used for the switch SW1, the transistor 406 described in the above embodiment can be referred to.

  The second display element 650 (i, j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 630 (i, j). The second display element 650 (i, j) has a function of emitting light toward the functional layer 620. Further, the second display element 650 (i, j) has a function of emitting light toward the lens 680 or the optical element 660, for example.

  The second display element 650 (i, j) is disposed so as to be visible in a part of a range where the first display element 750 (i, j) can be visually recognized. For example, a shape including a region 751H that does not block light emitted from the second display element 650 (i, j) is used for the electrode 751 (i, j) of the first display element 750 (i, j). The direction in which the external light is incident and reflected on the first display element 750 (i, j) that displays the image information by controlling the intensity of reflecting the external light is shown in the drawing by using a broken arrow. In addition, the direction in which the second display element 650 (i, j) emits light in a part of the range where the first display element 750 (i, j) can be visually recognized is shown in the drawing using solid arrows. .

  Thereby, the display using the 2nd display element can be visually recognized in a part of field which can visually recognize the display using the 1st display element. Alternatively, the user can visually recognize the display without changing the posture of the input / output panel. Alternatively, the object color expressed by the light reflected by the first display element can be multiplied by the light source color expressed by the light emitted by the second display element. Alternatively, a pictorial display can be performed using the object color and the light source color. As a result, a novel input / output panel that is highly convenient or reliable can be provided.

  For example, the first display element 750 (i, j) includes an electrode 751 (i, j), an electrode 752, and a layer 753 containing a liquid crystal material. In addition, an alignment film AF1 and an alignment film AF2 are provided. Specifically, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used for the first display element 750 (i, j).

  For example, a transparent conductive film having a refractive index of about 2.0 can be used for the electrode 752 or the electrode 751 (i, j). Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon can be used for the electrode 752 or the electrode 751 (i, j). Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of about 1.6 can be used for the alignment film.

  For example, the second display element 650 (i, j) includes an electrode 651 (i, j), an electrode 652, and a layer 653 (j) containing a light-emitting material. The electrode 652 includes a region overlapping with the electrode 651 (i, j). The layer 653 (j) containing a light-emitting material includes a region sandwiched between the electrode 651 (i, j) and the electrode 652. The electrode 651 (i, j) is electrically connected to the pixel circuit 630 (i, j) at the connection portion 622. Specifically, an organic EL element can be used for the second display element 650 (i, j).

  For example, a transparent conductive film having a refractive index of about 2.0 can be used for the electrode 651 (i, j). Specifically, an oxide containing indium, tin, and silicon can be used for the electrode 651 (i, j). Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of about 1.8 can be used for the layer 653 (j) containing a light-emitting material.

  The optical element 660 has translucency, and the optical element 660 includes a first region, a second region, and a third region.

  The first region includes a region to which visible light is supplied from the second display element 650 (i, j), the second region includes a region in contact with the coating film 665, and the third region is visible light. A function to inject a part is provided. The third region has an area equal to or smaller than the area of the first region to which visible light is supplied.

  The coating film 665 has reflectivity with respect to visible light, and the coating film 665 has a function of reflecting a part of visible light and supplying it to the third region.

  For example, a metal can be used for the coating film 665. Specifically, a material containing silver can be used for the coating film 665. For example, a material containing silver, palladium, or the like, or a material containing silver, copper, or the like can be used for the coating film 665.

<Lens 680>
A material that transmits visible light can be used for the lens 680. Alternatively, a material having a refractive index of 1.3 to 2.5 can be used for the lens 680. For example, an inorganic material or an organic material can be used for the lens 680.

  For example, a material containing an oxide or sulfide can be used for the lens 680.

  Specifically, cerium oxide, hafnium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, yttrium oxide, zinc oxide, oxide containing indium and tin, oxide containing indium, gallium, and zinc, etc. Can be used for the lens 680. Alternatively, zinc sulfide or the like can be used for the lens 680.

  For example, a material including a resin can be used for the lens 680. Specifically, a resin in which chlorine, bromine, or iodine is introduced, a resin in which heavy metal atoms are introduced, a resin in which an aromatic ring is introduced, a resin in which sulfur is introduced, or the like can be used for the lens 680. Alternatively, a resin including nanoparticles of a material having a higher refractive index than that of the resin can be used for the lens 680. Titanium oxide or zirconium oxide can be used for the nanoparticles.

  For example, an acrylic resin having a refractive index of about 1.55 can be used for the insulating film 771.

<Substrate 670, Substrate 770>
The input / output panel described in this embodiment includes a substrate 670 and a substrate 770.

  The substrate 770 includes a region overlapping with the substrate 670. The substrate 770 includes a region that sandwiches the functional layer 620 with the substrate 670.

  The substrate 770 includes a region overlapping with the first display element 750 (i, j). For example, a material in which birefringence is suppressed can be used for the region.

  For example, a resin material having a refractive index of about 1.5 can be used for the substrate 770.

<Junction layer 605>
In addition, the input / output panel described in this embodiment includes a bonding layer 605.

  The bonding layer 605 includes a region sandwiched between the functional layer 620 and the substrate 670 and has a function of bonding the functional layer 620 and the substrate 670 together.

<Structure KB1, Structure KB2>
The input / output panel described in this embodiment includes a structure KB1 and a structure KB2.

  The structure KB1 has a function of providing a predetermined gap between the functional layer 620 and the substrate 770. The structure KB1 includes a region overlapping with the region 751H, and the structure KB1 has a light-transmitting property. Thereby, the light emitted by the second display element 650 (i, j) can be supplied to one surface and emitted from the other surface.

  In addition, the structure KB1 includes a region overlapping with the optical element 660. For example, a material selected so that the difference from the refractive index of the material used for the optical element 660 is 0.2 or less is used for the structure KB1. Thereby, the light which a 2nd display element inject | emits can be utilized efficiently. Alternatively, the area of the second display element can be increased. Or the density of the electric current sent through an organic EL element can be lowered | hung.

  The structure KB2 has a function of controlling the thickness of the polarizing layer 770PB to a predetermined thickness. The structure KB2 includes a region overlapping with the second display element 650 (i, j), and the structure KB2 has a light-transmitting property.

  Alternatively, a material that transmits light of a predetermined color can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. Thereby, the structure KB1 or the structure KB2 can be used for a color filter, for example. For example, a material that transmits blue, green, or red light can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. A material that transmits yellow light, white light, or the like can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2.

  Specifically, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polysiloxane, acrylic resin, or the like, or a composite material of a plurality of resins selected from these can be used for the structure KB1 or the structure KB2. Alternatively, a material having photosensitivity may be used.

  For example, an acrylic resin having a refractive index of about 1.5 can be used for the structure KB1. An acrylic resin having a refractive index of about 1.55 can be used for the structure KB2.

<Input unit 513>
The input unit 513 includes a detection element. The detection element has a function of detecting an element close to a region overlapping with the pixel 702 (i, j). Accordingly, position information can be input using a finger or the like that is brought close to the display unit as a pointer.

  For example, a capacitive proximity sensor, an electromagnetic induction proximity sensor, an optical proximity sensor, a resistive film proximity sensor, a surface acoustic wave proximity sensor, or the like can be used for the input unit 513. Specifically, a proximity sensor of a surface type capacitance method, a projection type capacitance method, or an infrared detection type can be used.

  For example, a touch sensor having a refractive index near 1.6 and including a capacitive proximity sensor can be used for the input unit 513.

<Functional film 770D, functional film 770P, etc.>
The input / output panel 700TP3 described in this embodiment includes a functional film 770D and a functional film 770P.

  The functional film 770D includes a region overlapping with the first display element 750 (i, j). The functional film 770D includes a region sandwiching the first display element 750 (i, j) between the functional layer 620 and the functional film 770D.

  For example, a light diffusion film can be used for the functional film 770D. Specifically, a material having a columnar structure including an axis along a direction intersecting the surface of the base material can be used for the functional film 770D. Thereby, light can be easily transmitted in a direction along the axis and can be easily scattered in other directions. Alternatively, for example, light reflected by the first display element 750 (i, j) can be diffused.

  The functional film 770P includes the polarizing layer 770PB, the retardation film 770PA, or the structure KB2. The polarizing layer 770PB includes an opening, and the retardation film 770PA includes a region overlapping with the polarizing layer 770PB. The structure KB2 is provided in the opening.

  For example, a dichroic dye, a liquid crystal material, and a resin can be used for the polarizing layer 770PB. The polarizing layer 770PB has polarizing properties. Accordingly, the functional film 770P can be used for the polarizing plate.

  The polarizing layer 770PB includes a region overlapping with the first display element 750 (i, j), and the structure KB2 includes a region overlapping with the second display element 650 (i, j). Accordingly, the liquid crystal element can be used for the first display element. For example, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used for the first display element. Alternatively, light emitted from the second display element can be extracted efficiently. Or the density of the electric current sent through an organic EL element can be lowered | hung. Or the reliability of an organic EL element can be improved.

  For example, an antireflection film, a polarizing film, or a retardation film can be used for the functional film 770P. Specifically, a film containing a dichroic dye and a retardation film can be used for the functional film 770P.

  In addition, an antistatic film that suppresses adhesion of dust, a water-repellent film that makes it difficult to adhere dirt, a hard coat film that suppresses generation of scratches due to use, and the like can be used for the functional film 770P.

  For example, a material having a refractive index near 1.6 can be used for the diffusion film. Further, a material having a refractive index of about 1.6 can be used for the retardation film 770PA.

  This embodiment can be implemented in appropriate combination with any of the other embodiments.

(Embodiment 5)
In this embodiment, examples of various electronic devices completed by applying the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention will be described.

As an electronic device to which the display device is applied, for example, a television device (also referred to as a television or a television receiver), a monitor for a computer, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone (a mobile phone, a mobile phone) (Also referred to as a telephone device), portable game machines, goggle type displays (for VR, etc.), portable information terminals, sound reproduction devices, pachinko machines, and other large game machines. Specific examples of these electronic devices are shown in FIGS.

FIG. 16A illustrates an example of a television set. In the television device 7100, a display portion 7103 is incorporated in a housing 7101. The display unit 7103 can display an image, and may be a touch panel (input / output device) equipped with a touch sensor (input device). Note that the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the display portion 7103. Here, a structure in which the housing 7101 is supported by a stand 7105 is shown.

The television device 7100 can be operated with an operation switch included in the housing 7101 or a separate remote controller 7110. Channels and volume can be operated with an operation key 7109 provided in the remote controller 7110, and an image displayed on the display portion 7103 can be operated. The remote controller 7110 may be provided with a display portion 7107 for displaying information output from the remote controller 7110.

Note that the television device 7100 is provided with a receiver, a modem, and the like. General TV broadcasts can be received by a receiver, and connected to a wired or wireless communication network via a modem, so that it can be unidirectional (sender to receiver) or bidirectional (sender and receiver). It is also possible to perform information communication between each other or between recipients).

FIG. 16B shows a computer (personal computer), which includes a main body 7201, a housing 7202, a display portion 7203, a keyboard 7204, an external connection port 7205, a pointing device 7206, and the like. Note that the computer can be manufactured using the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention for the display portion 7203. Further, the display portion 7203 may be called a monitor and may be a touch panel (input / output device) equipped with a touch sensor (input device). Note that in the case where the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention is applied, the display device can perform excellent display without being affected by an environment of external light, and thus can be a computer particularly suitable for outdoor use. .

FIG. 16C illustrates a smart watch, which includes a housing 7302, a display portion 7304, operation buttons 7311 and 7312, a connection terminal 7313, a band 7321, a clasp 7322, and the like.

A display portion 7304 mounted on a housing 7302 serving also as a bezel portion has a non-rectangular display region. The display portion 7304 can display an icon 7305 representing time, other icons 7306, and the like. The display unit 7304 may be a touch panel (input / output device) equipped with a touch sensor (input device). Note that in the case where the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention is applied, the display device can display excellently without being affected by an environment of external light; therefore, a smart watch particularly suitable for outdoor use can be obtained. it can.

Note that the smart watch illustrated in FIG. 16C can have a variety of functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for controlling processing by various software (programs), Wireless communication function, function for connecting to various computer networks using the wireless communication function, function for transmitting or receiving various data using the wireless communication function, and reading and displaying programs or data recorded on the recording medium It can have a function of displaying on the section.

In addition, a speaker, a sensor (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current are included in the housing 7302. , Voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared measurement function), microphone, and the like. Note that a smart watch can be manufactured by using a display device for the display portion 7304.

FIG. 16D illustrates an example of a mobile phone (including a smartphone). A cellular phone 7400 is provided with a display portion 7402, a microphone 7406, a speaker 7405, a camera 7407, an external connection portion 7404, an operation button 7403, and the like in a housing 7401. In the case where a liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention are formed over a flexible substrate to manufacture a display device, the display device is applied to the display portion 7402 having a curved surface as illustrated in FIG. It is possible.

Information can be input to the cellular phone 7400 illustrated in FIG. 16D by touching the display portion 7402 with a finger or the like. In addition, operations such as making a call or creating a mail can be performed by touching the display portion 7402 with a finger or the like.

There are mainly three screen modes of the display portion 7402. The first mode is a display mode mainly for displaying an image. The first is a display mode mainly for displaying images, and the second is an input mode mainly for inputting information such as characters. The third is a display + input mode in which the display mode and the input mode are mixed.

For example, when making a call or creating a mail, the display portion 7402 may be set to a character input mode mainly for inputting characters, and an operation for inputting characters displayed on the screen may be performed. In this case, it is preferable to display a keyboard or number buttons on most of the screen of the display portion 7402.

In addition, by providing a detection device such as a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor inside the mobile phone 7400, the orientation (portrait or horizontal) of the mobile phone 7400 is determined, and the screen display of the display portion 7402 is automatically switched. Can be.

The screen mode is switched by touching the display portion 7402 or operating the operation button 7403 of the housing 7401. Further, switching can be performed depending on the type of image displayed on the display portion 7402. For example, if the image signal to be displayed on the display unit is moving image data, the mode is switched to the display mode.

Further, in the input mode, when a signal detected by the optical sensor of the display unit 7402 is detected and there is no input by a touch operation of the display unit 7402 for a certain period, the screen mode is switched from the input mode to the display mode. You may control.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a display module 8000 used for the display portion 7402 for detecting a signal detected by the optical sensor and performing a touch operation.

A display module 8000 illustrated in FIG. 17A includes a display panel 8006, a frame 8009, a printed board 8010, and a battery 8011 which are connected to an FPC 8005 between an upper cover 8001 and a lower cover 8002.

  The shapes and dimensions of the upper cover 8001 and the lower cover 8002 can be changed as appropriate in accordance with the size of the display panel 8006.

  Further, a touch panel may be provided over the display panel 8006. As the touch panel, a resistive film type or capacitive type touch panel can be used so as to overlap with the display panel 8006. Further, without providing a touch panel, the display panel 8006 can have a touch panel function.

  The frame 8009 has a function as an electromagnetic shield for blocking electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the printed board 8010 in addition to a protective function of the display panel 8006. The frame 8009 may have a function as a heat sink.

  The printed board 8010 includes a power supply circuit, a signal processing circuit for outputting a video signal and a clock signal. As a power supply for supplying power to the power supply circuit, an external commercial power supply may be used, or a power supply using a battery 8011 provided separately may be used. The battery 8011 can be omitted when a commercial power source is used.

  The display module 8000 may be additionally provided with a member such as a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, or a prism sheet.

  FIG. 17B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display module 8000 including an optical touch sensor.

  The display module 8000 includes a light emitting unit 8015 and a light receiving unit 8016 provided on the printed board 8010. Further, a region surrounded by the upper cover 8001 and the lower cover 8002 has a pair of light guide portions (light guide portion 8017a and light guide portion 8017b).

  The display panel 8006 is provided so as to overlap the printed board 8010 and the battery 8011 with a frame 8009 interposed therebetween. The display panel 8006 and the frame 8009 are fixed to the light guide unit 8017a and the light guide unit 8017b.

  Light 8018 emitted from the light emitting unit 8015 passes through the upper part of the display panel 8006 by the light guide unit 8017a and reaches the light receiving unit 8016 through the light guide unit 8017b. For example, the light 8018 is blocked by a detection object such as a finger or a stylus, whereby a touch operation can be detected.

  For example, a plurality of light emitting units 8015 are provided along two adjacent sides of the display panel 8006. A plurality of light receiving portions 8016 are provided at positions facing the light emitting portion 8015 with the display panel 8006 interposed therebetween. Thereby, the information on the position where the touch operation is performed can be acquired.

  The light emitting unit 8015 can use a light source such as an LED element. In particular, as the light emitting unit 8015, it is preferable to use a light source that emits infrared rays that are not visually recognized by the user and are harmless to the user.

  The light receiving unit 8016 can be a photoelectric element that receives light emitted from the light emitting unit 8015 and converts the light into an electrical signal. Preferably, a photodiode capable of receiving infrared light can be used.

  As the light guide portion 8017a and the light guide portion 8017b, a member that transmits at least light 8018 can be used. By using the light guide unit 8017a and the light guide unit 8017b, the light emitting unit 8015 and the light receiving unit 8016 can be arranged below the display panel 8006, and external light reaches the light receiving unit 8016 and the touch sensor malfunctions. Can be suppressed. In particular, it is preferable to use a resin that absorbs visible light and transmits infrared rays. Thereby, malfunction of a touch sensor can be controlled more effectively.

In addition, the display portion 7402 illustrated in FIG. 16D can function as an image sensor. For example, personal authentication can be performed by touching the display portion 7402 with a palm or a finger and capturing an image of a palm print, a fingerprint, or the like. In addition, if a backlight that emits near-infrared light or a sensing light source that emits near-infrared light is used for the display portion, finger veins, palm veins, and the like can be imaged. Note that in the case where the display device that is one embodiment of the present invention is applied to the display portion 7402, the display device can prevent a decrease in visibility in a place where outside light is not constant, such as outdoors. It can be a possible mobile phone.

Furthermore, as another configuration of the cellular phone (including a smartphone), the present invention can be applied to a cellular phone having a structure as illustrated in FIG. 16 (D′-1) or 16 (D′-2).

Note that in the case of the structure shown in FIG. 16D′-1 or FIG. 16D′-2, character information, image information, or the like is sent to the first of the housings 7500 (1) and 7500 (2). In addition to the surfaces 7501 (1) and 7501 (2), the images can be displayed on the second surfaces 7502 (1) and 7502 (2). By having such a structure, the user can easily use the character information and image information displayed on the second surface 7502 (1), 7502 (2), etc. while the mobile phone is stored in the breast pocket. Can be confirmed.

FIG. 16E illustrates a goggle type display (head mounted display), which includes a main body 7601, a display portion 7602, and an arm portion 7603. Note that in the case where the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention is applied to the display portion 7602, a goggle-type display that can actively display outside light and can perform display that is kind to the eyes can be obtained.

As described above, an electronic device can be obtained by using the display device which is one embodiment of the present invention. Note that applicable electronic devices are not limited to those described in this embodiment, and can be applied in any field.

Note that the structure described in this embodiment can be combined as appropriate with any of the structures described in the other embodiments.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Display apparatus 11 Control part 12 Illuminance sensor 13 Drive part 14 Display part 20 Pixel unit 21 Pixel 21B Display element 21G Display element 21R Display element 22 Pixel 22W Display element 31 Calculation part 32 Storage part 33 Table 40 Liquid crystal element 60 Light emitting element 62 Display Part 80 transistor 101 display element 102 display part 103 display element 104 display part 111b conductive layer 117 insulating layer 121 insulating layer 130 display device 133a alignment film 133b alignment film 134 colored layer 170 light emitting element 180 liquid crystal element 191 electrode 192 EL layer 193 electrode 194 Insulating layer 200 Display panel 210 Pixel 211 Insulating layer 212 Insulating layer 213 Insulating layer 214 Insulating layer 216 Insulating layer 217 Insulating layer 220 Insulating layer 221a Conducting layer 221b Conducting layer 222a Conducting layer 222b Conducting layer 223 Conducting layer 231 Semiconductor Layer 242 Connection layer 243 Connection body 251 Opening 252 Connection portion 261 Semiconductor layer 263a Conductive layer 263b Conductive layer 281 Transistor 284 Transistor 285 Transistor 286 Transistor 311 Electrode 311a Electrode 311b Electrode 340 Liquid crystal element 360 Light-emitting element 360b Light-emitting element 360g Light-emitting element 360r Light-emitting element 360w light emitting element 362 pixel region 364 circuit 365 wiring 372 FPC
373 IC
401 Transistor 403 Transistor 404 Connection unit 405 Transistor 406 Transistor 407 Connection unit 410 Pixel 412 Liquid crystal layer 413 Electrode 432 Light blocking layer 435 Polarizing plate 441 Adhesion layer 442 Adhesion layer 450 Opening 451 Substrate 452 Substrate 461 Substrate 511 Unit 512 Unit 513 Input unit 540 Transistor 601C Insulating film 605 Bonding layer 612B Conductive film 620 Functional layer 621 Insulating film 621A Insulating film 621B Insulating film 622 Insulating film 630 Pixel circuit 650 Display element 651 Electrode 652 Electrode 653 Layer 660 Optical element 665 Cover film 670 Substrate 680 Lens 691A Opening 700TP3 Input / output panel 702 Pixel 750 Display element 751 Electrode 751H Region 752 Electrode 753 Layer 770 Substrate 770D Functional film 770P Functional film 770PA Retardation film 770PB Polarizing layer 771 Insulating film 7100 Television apparatus 7101 Case 7103 Display unit 7105 Stand 7107 Display unit 7109 Operation key 7110 Remote control device 7201 Main body 7202 Case 7203 Display unit 7204 Keyboard 7205 External connection port 7206 Pointing Device 7302 Case 7304 Display unit 7305 Icon 7306 Icon 7311 Operation button 7312 Operation button 7313 Connection terminal 7321 Band 7322 Gold 7400 Mobile phone 7401 Case 7402 Display unit 7403 Operation button 7404 External connection unit 7405 Speaker 7406 Microphone 7407 Camera 7500 Case 7501 Surface 7502 Surface 7601 Main body 7602 Display portion 7603 Arm portion

Claims (14)

A hybrid display method in which light emission of a red light emitting element, light emission of a green light emitting element, light emission of a blue light emitting element, and white light that is reflected light of a reflective liquid crystal element are combined and displayed. The light emission of the red light emitting element that gives a change or fluctuation in the light emission intensity,
The light emission of the green light emitting element that gives a change or fluctuation in the emission intensity,
The light emission of the blue light emitting element that gives a change or fluctuation in the emission intensity,
A hybrid display method in which white light, which is reflected light of a reflective liquid crystal element, is combined and displayed. 3. The hybrid display method according to claim 2, wherein the means for giving a change or fluctuation to the emitted light intensity of the light emitting element is a random number generator. A display device having a display screen, and an illuminance sensor around the display screen,
Depending on the change in external light applied to the illuminance sensor around the display screen, the color or light emission intensity of the combination of two or more types of light-emitting elements and liquid crystal elements that use white light as reflected light is changed. A display system that expresses fluctuations in the displayed image. 5. The display device according to claim 4, further comprising a random number generator.
The image display fluctuation is a display system that creates video data using the random number generation means.   6. The display system according to claim 4, wherein the display device is a personal computer, a monitor, or a portable information terminal. A light emitting device having an organic compound layer;
A liquid crystal element having an electrode from which white light is reflected as reflected light.
Means for detecting the light intensity around the display device;
A display device that performs image display on the display device independently of the light emitting element and the liquid crystal element based on a light amount or a color temperature obtained by the means for detecting the ambient light intensity. 8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein a color temperature at the time of white display of the display device is determined by light emission of a red light emitting element, light emission of a green light emitting element, and a liquid crystal element that uses white light as reflected light. . The image display of the display device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the image display of the display device is changed in accordance with a change in a light amount or a color temperature obtained by the means for detecting the ambient light intensity. Display device. 10. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the first transistor electrically connected to the light-emitting element and the second transistor electrically connected to the electrode are formed in the same step.   11. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the means for detecting light intensity around the display device includes an illuminance sensor.   12. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the means for detecting light intensity around the display device includes a color temperature sensor.   13. The display device according to claim 7, wherein fluctuations in image display of the display device use random number generating means.   14. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the display device is mounted on a personal computer, a monitor, or a portable information terminal.

Images