JP2018031919A - Panel for opening device and opening device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a panel for an opening device using such a liquid crystal that can be switched between a transmission state and a scattering state of light and that while the panel is in a transparent state when observed from the front, the panel appears transparent when observed in an oblique direction.SOLUTION: A panel (10) for an opening comprises a plurality of layers to be used for an opening device, in which as the plurality of layers, the panel includes a transparent panel (11), a liquid crystal layer (16) comprising a liquid crystal material that can be switched between a transmission state and a scattering state of light by electric conduction, and a polarizing plate (13) that selectively absorbs or transmits light depending on a polarization component.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a panel for an opening device that can be used as a window, a door, a partition, and the like, and can switch between transmission and scattering of light when energized, and an opening device.

  An opening device using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal that can change the transmission and scattering of light when energized (devices provided in the opening of buildings and vehicles such as windows and doors) is energy saving and space-saving. It attracts attention from the viewpoint of production (for example, Patent Document 1).

  In such an opening device, a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal is disposed between two film substrates on which a transparent electrode is disposed, and a voltage is applied to the transparent electrode via a connection terminal. By switching between non-application and non-application, the transparent state (transmission state) and opaque state (scattering state) of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal can be switched. The polymer-dispersed liquid crystal has a structure in which liquid crystal droplets are dispersed in a polymer resin between two film substrates. The liquid crystal molecules are contained in the droplets, and the liquid crystal molecules have a three-dimensional shape that is long in one direction. The cross section is circular when viewed from the front, and the cross section is elliptic when viewed from the side. And when a voltage is applied with respect to a transparent electrode, the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecule in a droplet orientates in the normal line direction of the surface of a film base material.

JP-A-8-21990

  When no voltage is applied, light is scattered by the liquid crystal molecules themselves, and a difference occurs between the average refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules and the refractive index of the polymer resin. The light traveling direction is bent and repeated, causing light scattering.

On the other hand, in the state where the voltage is applied, when the aperture device is observed from the front direction, the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal molecules and the refractive index ellipsoid of the polymer resin appear as circles of approximately the same size. The light appears to be transparent at the interface between the liquid crystal droplet and the polymer resin, since no light is scattered.
However, when the opening device is observed from an oblique direction, the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal molecules appears to be elliptical from the angle from the oblique direction, and this is the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid of the polymer resin. Due to the difference, a difference in refractive index occurs and light is scattered.
Therefore, even when a voltage is applied and the state is transparent, the transparency is limited to the front, and when viewed from an oblique direction, the light is scattered and does not appear transparent.

  Therefore, in view of such a problem, the present invention uses a liquid crystal that can switch between transmission and scattering of light and that is transparent when viewed from the front and that is transparent when viewed from an oblique direction. It is an object of the present invention to provide an opening device panel. Moreover, the opening part apparatus using this panel is provided.

  The present invention will be described below. In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are appended in parentheses, but the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.

  One aspect of the present invention is a panel (10) composed of a plurality of layers used in an opening device, and as a plurality of layers, transmission and scattering of light can be switched by energization with a transparent panel (11). A panel for an aperture device comprising a liquid crystal layer (16) containing a liquid crystal material and a polarizing plate (13) that selectively absorbs or transmits light by a polarization component.

  In this invention, the opening part apparatus (1) containing a frame (2) and the said opening part apparatus panel (10) arrange | positioned in the frame of a frame can be provided.

  Moreover, in said opening part apparatus (1), the axis | shaft which permeate | transmits the light of a polarizing plate (13) with the installed attitude | position can be made vertical.

  Moreover, in said opening part apparatus, the axis | shaft which permeate | transmits the light of a polarizing plate in the installed attitude | position is good also as a thing horizontal.

  Moreover, in said opening part apparatus, the axis | shaft which permeate | transmits the light of a polarizing plate in the installed attitude | position is good also as what is inclined 45 degree | times with respect to the horizontal.

  According to the present invention, the transmission and scattering of light can be switched by changing the energization state by providing a liquid crystal, and the polarizing plate can be viewed from an oblique direction in a state transparent when viewed from the front. It is possible to be transparent when

It is the outdoor view front view of the opening part apparatus 1 concerning one form. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the opening device 1. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a layer configuration of a light control layer 12. FIG. It is a perspective view of the opening part apparatus 1, and is a figure explaining an effect | action. It is a vertical direction sectional view of opening device 1, and is a figure explaining an operation.

  The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.

  FIG. 1 is an outdoor front view schematically showing an opening device 1 according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the opening device 1. In FIG. 2, the left side of the drawing is the outdoor side and the right side of the drawing is the indoor side in a posture in which the opening device is installed. Hereinafter, the opening device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The opening device 1 includes a frame 2 provided along edges of four sides of an opening formed in a building or a vehicle, and an opening device panel disposed inside a frame framed by the frame 2. 10. This embodiment is a fitting type opening device.

  The frame 2 is formed by combining the vertical frames 3 and 4, the upper horizontal frame 5, and the lower horizontal frame 6, which are long frame members provided along the four sides of the opening of the building or vehicle, into a frame shape. Has been. The cross-sectional shapes of the upper horizontal frame 5 and the lower horizontal frame 6 appear in FIG. The cross-sectional shapes of the vertical frame 3, the vertical frame 4, the upper horizontal frame 5, and the lower horizontal frame 6 are not particularly limited, and known forms can be applied. That is, in the cross section, a piece extending in the expected direction (indoor / outdoor direction) and a piece extending in the finding direction from each of both ends of the piece are formed into a concave shape, and the end of the opening device panel 10 is formed inside the concave shape. The opening device panel 10 is held in the frame 2 by being inserted.

In this embodiment, the opening device panel 10 has a transparent panel 11 and a light control layer 12 as shown in FIG.
The transparent panel 11 is a transparent glass panel or resin panel used in a normal opening device. Therefore, the transparent panel 11 can use a well-known thing. In this embodiment, the transparent panel 11 is constituted by a single-layer glass panel, but a multi-layer glass panel may be used.

The light control layer 12 is a layer laminated on at least one surface of the transparent panel 11 and is a layer capable of switching between transmission and scattering of light by energization. In this embodiment, the light control layer 12 is bonded to the indoor side surface of the transparent panel 11 with an adhesive.
As the adhesive, it is preferable to use an adhesive suitable for optical applications. Specifically, it is preferable to select the type and thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive so that the total light transmittance of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 90% or more and the haze is 1.0 or less. Commercially available adhesives include CS9621, HJ9150W (manufactured by Nitto Denko), DH425A (manufactured by Sanei Kaken), ZACROS TR-1801A (manufactured by Fujimori Kogyo), PD-S1 (manufactured by Panac), MO-3006C, MO-3012C (manufactured by Lintec) ) Etc. can be used.

  FIG. 3 shows the layer configuration of the light control layer 12. As shown in FIG. 3, the light control layer 12 includes a first support plate 14, a second support plate 15 that is disposed with a space between the first support plate 14, the first support plate 14, and the second support plate. 15 and a polarizing plate 13 disposed on the opposite side of the liquid crystal layer 16 with the second support plate 15 interposed therebetween.

  The first support plate 14 and the second support plate 15 have a function of applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 16 while supporting the liquid crystal layer 16 therebetween. The first support plate 14 has a first base material 14a and a first transparent conductive layer 14b provided on one surface of the first base material 14a. The second support plate 15 includes a second base material 15a and a second transparent conductive layer 15b provided on one surface of the second base material 15a. In this embodiment, the light control layer 12 includes a first base material 14a, a first transparent conductive layer 14b, a liquid crystal layer 16, a second transparent conductive layer 15b, a second base material 15a, and a polarizing plate 13 stacked in this order. Yes. The first transparent conductive layer 14b is disposed on one surface of the liquid crystal layer 16, and the second transparent conductive layer 15b is disposed on the other surface.

The 1st base material 14a and the 2nd base material 15a function as a support body which supports the 1st transparent conductive layer 14b and the 2nd transparent conductive layer 15b, respectively. The material of the first base material 14a and the second base material 15a is not particularly limited, and for example, various transparent film materials having flexibility can be used. Specific examples include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyolefin resins such as polypropylene (PP), triacetyl cellulose (triacetic acid). A film material containing cellulose-based resin such as cellulose (TAC), cycloolefin polymer (COP), polycarbonate (PC) resin, or the like can be used.
The thickness of the first base material 14a and the second base material 15a is effective to use, for example, 20 μm or more and 300 μm or less, and more preferably 50 μm or more and 150 μm or less.

  The first transparent conductive layer 14b and the second transparent conductive layer 15b apply an electric field to the liquid crystal layer 16 when energized, and are thereby included in the liquid crystal material dispersed in a polymer matrix described later of the liquid crystal layer 16. Change the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.

As the first transparent conductive layer 14b and the second transparent conductive layer 15b, it is possible to apply a substantially uniform electric field to the transparent polymer resin layer (polymer matrix) in which droplets are dispersed in the liquid crystal layer 16. Various configurations that are perceived as transparent can be applied. For example, in addition to metal oxide films such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide), AZO (Aluminum-doped Zinc Oxide), ZNO (Zinc Oxide) which are transparent conductive materials, conductive polymer films, Silver nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and the like can be used. The sheet resistance of the transparent conductive layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100Ω / □ or more and 300Ω / □ or less, and the light transmittance is preferably 85% or more.
In the present embodiment, such a transparent conductive layer film made of a transparent conductive material can be formed and used on the entire surfaces of the above-described transparent first base material and second base material.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a conductive wire 14c extends from the first transparent conductive layer 14b, and a conductive wire 15c extends from the second transparent conductive layer 15b, and is connected to an external power source (not shown).

  The liquid crystal layer 16 changes the transparency of the liquid crystal layer 16 itself based on the applied state of the electric field by the first transparent conductive layer 14b and the second transparent conductive layer 15b. In this embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 16 includes a polymer matrix, a liquid crystal material dispersed in the polymer matrix, and a spacer.

  As an example, the liquid crystal layer 16 can be formed by mixing a polymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a liquid crystal material having no polymerization group, and liquid crystal phase-separates when the monomer is photopolymerized. . As a result, the polymerized monomer forms a polymer matrix of the liquid crystal layer 16, and the liquid crystal material having no phase-separated polymer group forms the liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer 16.

  The liquid crystal material is a liquid material containing liquid crystal molecules having a longitudinal direction, as schematically shown by A in FIG. The liquid crystal molecules have a refractive index anisotropy corresponding to the shape. That is, the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules is different from the refractive index in the direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules. Such a liquid crystal material is not particularly limited, and a nematic material such as E7 (Merck) can be used. As the polymerizable monomer, it is sufficient that the liquid crystal can be phase-separated and transparent, and a resin having a monofunctional or polyfunctional polymerizable monomer (polymerizable group) can be used. Examples of such resins include monofunctional (meth) acrylates such as methyl (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra (meth) And polyfunctional (meth) acrylates such as dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate and dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate. In addition, the description with (meth) acrylate means an acrylate or a methacrylate. In addition to acrylics, cation polymerizable monomers include alicyclic epoxides such as 3,4-epoxycyclohexenylmethyl-3 ′, 4′-epoxycyclohexenecarboxylate, and glycidyl ethers such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. And the like. These polymerizable monomers can be used singly or in combination of two or more depending on required performance, coating suitability and the like.

  The photopolymerization initiator is not particularly limited, and various photopolymerization initiators can be used. For example, as benzoin and its alkyl etherified products, benzyl ketals, acetophenones, and acetophenones, for example, hydroxyacetophenone, aminoacetophenone, dialkoxyacetophenone, halogenated acetophenone, and the like can be used. As these photopolymerization initiators, for example, products such as Irgacure (registered trademark) 907, Irgacure 651, and Irgacure 184 are commercially available, and these can be used alone or in combination.

  The spacer has a function of maintaining the distance between the first support plate 14 and the second support plate 15 and thereby maintaining the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 16. As the spacer, for example, a resin-made one having high light transmittance such as plastic beads can be used. The form of the spacer is not particularly limited, and may be spherical or other shapes.

  In the liquid crystal layer 16 thus formed, in the state where the liquid crystal molecules are not aligned, the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules in the longitudinal direction is irregular depending on the polymer matrix located in the vicinity of the liquid crystal molecules. Become. In this state, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 16 is diffused. That is, in the state where the liquid crystal molecules are not aligned, the haze of the liquid crystal layer 16 is high. At this time, the liquid crystal layer 16 becomes clouded, and light is scattered, so that the visibility on the opposite side through the liquid crystal layer 16 is deteriorated. In the liquid crystal layer 16, light is scattered by the liquid crystal material itself in a state where no voltage is applied, and a difference occurs between the average refractive index of the liquid crystal material and the refractive index of the polymer matrix. As the light travels through the interface, the direction of travel of the light is bent and repeated, causing light scattering.

On the other hand, in the liquid crystal layer 16, in the state where the liquid crystal molecules are aligned, in this embodiment, the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules is the expected direction in the opening device 1 (thickness direction, indoor and outdoor direction when the opening device is installed). (Refer to A of FIG. 3). In this state, the refractive index of the liquid crystal molecules and the refractive index of the polymer matrix are aligned in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules (the direction of finding in the opening device).
Thus, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer 16 having a uniform refractive index is not greatly bent in the traveling direction in the front direction of the aperture device (the expected direction, the normal direction of the surface of the liquid crystal layer 16). The liquid crystal layer 16 can be transmitted. That is, in a state where the liquid crystal molecules are aligned, the liquid crystal layer 16 is in a low haze state in the front direction of the opening device (the expected direction, the normal direction of the surface of the liquid crystal layer 16). Accordingly, at this time, the liquid crystal layer 16 is in a highly transparent state.
This is because, when a voltage is applied, when the aperture device is observed from the front direction (viewing direction, normal direction of the surface of the liquid crystal layer 16), the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal material and the refraction of the polymer matrix Since the ellipsoid appears to be a circle of approximately the same size, the light travels straight at the interface between the liquid crystal droplet and the polymer matrix and does not cause scattering, so it appears transparent.

However, when the aperture device (liquid crystal layer 16) is observed from a direction oblique to the front surface with a voltage applied, the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal material (liquid crystal molecules) looks like a long ellipse. Therefore, in the major axis direction of this ellipse, the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal material (liquid crystal molecules) is different from the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid of the polymer matrix, resulting in a difference in refractive index and vibration in the major axis direction. The light of the polarized component that scatters.
On the other hand, since the minor axis direction orthogonal to the major axis direction looks the same as when viewed from the front direction, the polarized component light oscillating in the minor axis direction travels straight (that is, does not scatter).
From the above, even when a voltage is applied and it is transparent when viewed from the front, transparency is limited to the front. It is scattered and does not look transparent.
However, light viewed obliquely with respect to the front surface is light in a direction in which no refractive index is generated between the liquid crystal material and the polymer matrix (light of a polarization component that vibrates in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules). Light that appears to be transparent), but in the direction in which the refractive index is generated between the liquid crystal material and the polymer matrix (light of the polarization component that oscillates in the major axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and scatters) Light) is also scattered, so that it does not look transparent.

And in the light control layer 12 of this form, the polarizing plate 13 is laminated | stacked on the surface on the opposite side to the side on which the 2nd transparent conductive layer 15b was laminated | stacked among the surfaces of the 2nd base material 15a.
The polarizing plate 13 is a well-known element having a function of selectively absorbing or transmitting with a polarization component, and more specifically, light having a polarization component along the transmission axis among light including a plurality of polarization states. Is an element that transmits only the other polarized light component and absorbs the other polarized light component (light of the polarized light component along the absorption axis). As the configuration of the polarizing plate 13 itself, a publicly known one can be used. For example, a configuration in which polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a polarizing element and protective layers made of triacetyl cellulose (TAC) are laminated on both surfaces thereof can be exemplified.

When such a polarizing plate 13 is disposed on the second base material 15a, it appears transparent even when the opening device 1 is observed from an oblique direction with respect to the front surface while a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 16. It arrange | positions so that an absorption axis may become parallel with respect to the direction to make it like.
Thereby, in a state where a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 16, the scattered light is polarized in the direction 13 even when the light control layer 12 (opening device 1) is viewed obliquely with respect to the front surface. Only transparent light that is absorbed by the light passes through the polarizing plate 13 and thus appears transparent.

  The opening device 1 of this embodiment is configured as follows as an example. FIG. 4 shows an external perspective view of the opening device 1. This embodiment is an example of an opening device that partitions the interior and the exterior, with the lower right side of the page being the indoor side and the upper left side of the page being the outdoor side. Accordingly, the opening device 1 is installed in the opening of the building in a posture in which the surface is set up in the vertical direction, the expected direction is the indoor / outdoor direction, the left and right direction of the finding direction is the horizontal direction, and the upper and lower direction of the finding direction is the vertical direction. It is positioned to become. In this embodiment, the opening device panel 10 is provided with a light control layer 12 on the indoor side.

In such an opening device 1, in this embodiment, the liquid crystal molecules are oriented so that the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules is oriented in the expected direction (thickness direction, indoor / outdoor direction) in the opening device 1. ing.
In this embodiment, the polarizing plate 13 is installed so that the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 13 is in the vertical direction and the absorption axis is in the horizontal direction.

The opening device 1 operates as follows.
First, in a state where no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 16, the liquid crystal molecules contained in the liquid crystal layer 16 are not aligned. Therefore, the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 16 is scattered as described above, and the aperture is opened. The opposite side cannot be seen through the device 1. This makes it possible to prevent the opposite side from being seen through the opening device 1. Since such a property does not disappear by disposing the polarizing plate 13, even in the present invention in which the polarizing plate 13 is disposed, it is possible to prevent the opposite side from being seen through the opening device 1. .

  On the other hand, when the first transparent conductive layer 14b and the second transparent conductive layer 15b are energized from the external power source through the conductive wires 14c and 15c (see FIG. 2), a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 16 and the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 16 are applied. Are oriented. In the present embodiment, as described above, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned so that the longitudinal direction of the liquid crystal molecules faces the expected direction (thickness direction, indoor / outdoor direction) in the opening device 1. Therefore, as shown by P1 in FIG. 4, the liquid crystal layer 16 is transparent so that the opposite side can be seen when positioned in the normal direction with respect to the surface of the opening device panel 10 of the opening device 1, so that the opening portion can be seen. The opposite side of the device 1 can be seen. Since all the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 16 at this position P1 is transmitted through the transmission axis of the polarizing plate, even in the present invention in which the polarizing plate 13 is disposed, the opposite side is viewed through the opening device 1. Can do.

  Then, as indicated by P2 in FIG. 4, the opening device 1 of the present embodiment can be used even at an oblique position that is θ in the horizontal direction with respect to the normal direction of the surface of the opening device panel 10 of the opening device 1. The other side can be seen through the opening device 1. At this position P2, as described above, the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer 16 includes light that can be viewed on the opposite side and light that is scattered. The light that can be viewed on the opposite side is in a polarization state having a vibration that transmits through the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 13 (a polarization state that vibrates in the vertical direction), and the scattered light cannot pass through the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 13 (absorption). A polarization state having vibration (absorbed by the axis) (a polarization state oscillating horizontally). Accordingly, only the light that can visually recognize the opposite side at the position P2 is transmitted through the polarizing plate 13, so that the opposite side can be seen through the opening device 1.

Moreover, according to the opening part apparatus 1, it acts also as follows. FIG. 5 shows a diagram for explanation. FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of the opening device 1 in the posture of FIG. When the light from obliquely upward such as sunlight shown by S in FIG. 5 enters the liquid crystal layer 16, the polarization component that oscillates in the vertical direction is scattered, and the polarization component that oscillates in the horizontal direction goes straight. Therefore, the component that vibrates in the horizontal direction is light that can reach the room with strong light as direct light from sunlight.
However, according to the opening device 1, the polarization component that vibrates in the horizontal direction is absorbed by the polarizing plate 13 and does not reach the room. On the other hand, the polarization component that vibrates in the vertical direction passes through the polarizing plate 13 while being scattered, so that light that is not dazzling as scattered light reaches the room.
As described above, according to the opening device 1, it is possible to block strong light that is directly applied to light from obliquely upward such as sunlight, and to take only scattered light into the room.

In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the polarizing plate 13 is disposed on the indoor side of the liquid crystal layer 16 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the same effect can be obtained even when the polarizing plate 13 is disposed on the outdoor side of the liquid crystal layer 16. It will be a thing.
Moreover, although the polarizing plate 13 and the liquid crystal layer 16 were integrally formed as the light control layer 12 from a viewpoint of easy manufacture, the polarizing plate 13 and the liquid crystal layer 16 may be separate from each other. In other words, the polarizing plate 13 may be disposed outside the panel 11 and the liquid crystal layer 16 may be disposed inside the panel 11. The reverse is also possible.

In the above embodiment, an example is shown in which the transmission axis of the polarizing plate 13 is set in the vertical direction and the absorption axis is set in the horizontal direction. This is because the opening device 1 is assumed to be arranged at the same height as the human head, and many windows have the above-described effects in this manner.
However, look down at an opening device that looks up at an opening device positioned above the height of the person and looks at the opposite side of the opening device, or at an opening device positioned below the height of the person. Thus, in an opening device that visually recognizes the opposite side of the opening device, it is necessary to be able to visually recognize the opposite side of the opening device when viewed from obliquely in the vertical direction. In that case, the polarizing plate may be arranged so as to have an absorption axis in the vertical direction and a transmission axis in the horizontal direction.
Thus, the directions of the absorption axis and the transmission axis can be appropriately set as necessary. As the opening device having the above-mentioned intermediate action, the transmission axis and the absorption axis are inclined by 45 degrees with respect to the rectangular edge of the opening device (for example, the horizontal direction when the opening device is installed in the opening). Can be mentioned.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Opening device 2 Frame 3 Vertical frame 4 Vertical frame 5 Upper horizontal frame 6 Lower horizontal frame 10 Panel for opening device 11 Transparent panel 12 Light control layer 13 Polarizing plate 14 1st support plate 14a 1st base material 14b 1st Transparent conductive layer 15 Second support plate 15a Second base material 15b Second transparent conductive layer 16 Liquid crystal layer

Claims (5)

A panel for an opening device comprising a plurality of layers used in the opening device,
As the plurality of layers,
A transparent panel,
A liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal material capable of switching transmission and scattering of light by energization;
A panel for an aperture device, comprising: a polarizing plate that selectively absorbs or transmits light by a polarization component. A frame,
The opening part apparatus containing the panel for opening part apparatuses of Claim 1 arrange | positioned in the framework of the said frame.   The opening device according to claim 2, wherein an axis through which light from the polarizing plate is transmitted in the installed posture is vertical.   The opening device according to claim 2, wherein an axis that transmits light of the polarizing plate is horizontal in the installed posture.   The opening device according to claim 2, wherein an axis that transmits light of the polarizing plate in an installed posture is inclined 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal.

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