JP2018024071A - Machining jig and machining method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machining jig which can suppress vibration of a tabular work-piece at arbitrary positions.SOLUTION: A machining jig used for machining a tabular work-piece comprises: a support part which is in point contacts or line contacts with the work-piece at at least two points which are alienated in a specific direction orthogonal to a thickness direction of the work-piece, or in a surface contact with the work-piece at an area extending in the specific direction; a rocking mechanism which allows the support part to oscillate around an oscillation axis orthogonal to the thickness direction and the specific direction of the work-piece in a base and on the base; and an attenuation mechanism which applies resistance force against oscillation to the support part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a machining jig used when machining a plate-shaped workpiece, and a machining method using the machining jig.

  When machining a plate-like workpiece, chatter vibration may occur between the tool and the workpiece. Such chatter vibration leads to deterioration of the finished surface and damage to the tool. For this reason, various jigs that can suppress the vibration of the workpiece have been proposed.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a machining jig that clamps an end portion of a plate-like workpiece and is configured to suppress vibration of the workpiece by a damper structure. Yes.

JP 2009-168099 A

  However, with a machining jig that clamps the end portion of a plate-shaped workpiece, for example, when machining the center portion of the workpiece, vibration in the center portion of the workpiece cannot be suppressed.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a machining jig capable of suppressing vibration of a plate-like workpiece at an arbitrary position, and provides a machining method using the machining jig. Objective.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the machining jig of the present invention is a machining jig used when machining a plate-shaped workpiece, and is a specific direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece. A support part that makes point contact or line contact with the work at at least two points that are spaced apart from each other, or a surface part that makes surface contact with the work in a region extending in the specific direction, and a support part on the base, the support part, A swinging mechanism that supports swinging about a swinging axis perpendicular to the thickness direction of the workpiece and the specific direction, and a damping mechanism that applies a resistance force to the swinging to the support part. Features.

  According to said structure, the vibration of a workpiece | work can be suppressed with the resistance force with respect to the rocking | fluctuation of a support part. Moreover, the support portion can be brought into contact with an arbitrary position of the workpiece. Furthermore, since the support portion swings along a specific direction, if the support portion is brought into contact with the work so that the specific direction matches the wavelength direction of the vibration of the work, a new vibration with the support portion as a node is generated. Occurrence can be prevented. Therefore, the vibration of the workpiece can be effectively suppressed without pressing the support portion against the workpiece with a very strong force.

  The support part may include a support part main body and at least two rollers that are attached to the support part main body and roll on the workpiece in the specific direction. According to this configuration, when the workpiece has a cylindrical shape as a whole, machining can be performed while smoothly rotating the workpiece.

  At least one weight may be attached to the support portion. According to this configuration, the natural frequency of the jig can be arbitrarily adjusted by the weight of the weight.

  The damping mechanism includes a pair of magnetic bodies that attract or repel each other in the thickness direction of the work or a spring that extends in the thickness direction of the work, and adjusts the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies or the length of the spring It may be configured to be able to. According to this configuration, the damping mechanism can be adjusted so that the damping effect is enhanced.

  Further, the machining method of the present invention is a machining method using the machining jig described above, wherein the machining jig is configured so that the specific direction coincides with a wavelength direction of vibration of the workpiece. Including the step of bringing the support portion into contact with the workpiece and supporting the workpiece with the machining jig, and machining the workpiece supported by the machining jig. Features.

  According to said structure, generation | occurrence | production of the new vibration which makes a support part a node can be prevented. Therefore, the vibration of the workpiece can be effectively suppressed without pressing the support portion against the workpiece with a very strong force.

  For example, the workpiece may have a cylindrical shape as a whole, and the workpiece may be supported using at least two machining jigs arranged around the workpiece.

  According to the present invention, vibration of a plate-like workpiece can be suppressed at an arbitrary position.

(A) is a top view of the jig for machining concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a sectional view which met an IB-IB line of (a). It is a top view of the jig for machining concerning a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a top view of the jig for machining concerning a 3rd embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a sectional view which met the IIIB-IIIB line of (a). It is a top view of the jig for machining concerning other embodiments.

(First embodiment)
1A and 1B show a machining jig 1A according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The machining jig 1A is used when machining a plate-like workpiece 10.

  In the present embodiment, the workpiece 10 is flat. However, the shape and material of the workpiece 10 are not particularly limited. Further, the type of machining is not particularly limited. For example, the tool used for machining may be a drill or an end mill that rotates itself, or a tool that is pressed against a work rotated by a lathe or the like.

  The machining jig 1A includes a support portion 3 that comes into contact with the workpiece 10 and a base 2 that is fixed to a fixed portion (not shown). In the present embodiment, the support portion 3 comes into surface contact with the workpiece 10 in a region extending in a specific direction D orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece 10.

  Specifically, the support portion 3 has a plate shape parallel to the specific direction D and has a trapezoidal shape that extends toward the workpiece 10. That is, the support portion 3 has a bottom surface that contacts the workpiece 10, a surface facing away from the bottom surface, and a pair of inclined side surfaces. However, the shape of the support part 3 is not limited to this.

  The base 2 has a plate shape parallel to the specific direction D and has a bar shape extending in the thickness direction of the workpiece 10. The support portion 3 is supported by the swing mechanism 4 so as to be swingable around the swing shaft 40 on the base 2. The swing shaft 40 is orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece 10 and the specific direction D.

  A through hole 31 that penetrates the support portion 3 in a direction orthogonal to the specific direction D is provided at a substantially center of the support portion 3. The swing mechanism 4 includes a columnar pin 41 fixed to the base 2, and the pin 41 is fitted in the through hole 31. The support portion 3 swings in the circumferential direction of the pin 41 while sliding with the pin 41. That is, the rocking shaft 40 described above is the central axis of the pin 41.

  Further, the machining jig 1 </ b> A includes a damping mechanism 5 that imparts a resistance force against swinging to the support portion 3. In the present embodiment, the resistance force is a combination of magnetic force (attraction force between a pair of magnetic bodies 51 described later) and friction force.

  Specifically, the damping mechanism 5 includes a pair of magnetic bodies 51 that attract each other in the thickness direction of the workpiece 10. For example, each magnetic body 51 is a permanent magnet. One magnetic body 51 is attached to the top surface of the support portion 3, and the other magnetic body 51 is attached to the movable base 52. The movable base 52 is configured to slide along the base 2 and be fixed at an arbitrary position. That is, the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies 51 can be adjusted.

  The attractive force between the magnetic bodies 51 acts on the support portion 3 so as to maintain the support portion 3 in a fixed position. That is, the attractive force between the magnetic bodies 51 is a resistance against the swinging of the support portion 3. The sliding portion between the support portion 3 and the pin 41 is configured such that the frictional force between the support portion 3 and the pin 41 is increased to some extent. For this reason, the frictional force between the support portion 3 and the pin 41 also becomes a resistance against the swinging of the support portion 3. That is, the sliding portion between the support portion 3 and the pin 41 is also a component of the damping mechanism 5.

  Furthermore, at least one weight 6 is attached to the support portion 3. In the present embodiment, a pair of weights 6 are attached to the side surface of the support portion 3 so as to sandwich the support portion 3 in the specific direction D.

  When machining the workpiece 10 using the above-described machining jig 1A, the workpiece 10 is first supported by the machining jig 1A. At this time, the bottom surface of the support portion 3 is brought into contact with the workpiece 10 so that the specific direction D, which is the direction in which the bottom surface of the support portion 3 extends, coincides with the vibration wavelength direction of the workpiece 10 (the direction connecting the vibration nodes). . Next, the workpiece 10 supported by the machining jig 1A is machined.

  As described above, in the machining jig 1 </ b> A of the present embodiment, the vibration of the workpiece 10 can be suppressed by the resistance force against the swing of the support portion 3. Moreover, the support part 3 can be brought into contact with an arbitrary position of the workpiece 10. Furthermore, since the support part 3 swings along the specific direction D, the following merit is obtained.

  When the support part 3 does not swing, a new vibration with the support part 3 as a node is generated during machining. In order to suppress the occurrence of such new vibrations, it is conceivable to increase the pressing force of the support portion 3 against the workpiece 10, but the workpiece 10 is deformed in this way. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the support portion 3 swings along the specific direction D, the support portion 3 can be brought into contact with the workpiece 10 so that the specific direction D coincides with the wavelength direction of the vibration of the workpiece. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of new vibration with the support portion 3 as a node. Therefore, the vibration of the workpiece 10 can be effectively suppressed without pressing the support portion 3 against the workpiece 10 with a very strong force.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, since at least one weight 6 is attached to the support portion 3, the natural frequency of the jig 1A can be arbitrarily adjusted by the weight of the weight 6. Thereby, the jig 1A can function as a vibration absorber that cancels the vibration of the workpiece 10 by returning the vibration in the opposite phase to the vibration of the workpiece 10.

  In this embodiment, since the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies 51 can be adjusted, the damping mechanism 5 can be adjusted so that the damping effect is enhanced.

  In this embodiment, the attractive force between the magnetic bodies 51 is a resistance against the swinging of the support portion 3. However, the magnetic bodies 51 repel each other in the thickness direction of the workpiece 10, and the repulsion between the magnetic bodies 51. The force may be a resistance against the swinging of the support portion 3.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 2 shows a machining jig 1B according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment and the third embodiment to be described later, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  In the present embodiment, the workpiece 10 has a cylindrical shape as a whole. When machining the workpiece 10, the workpiece 10 is supported by using at least two machining jigs 1 </ b> B arranged around the workpiece 10. FIG. 2 shows one machining jig 1B and half of the workpiece 10 when two machining jigs 1B are used.

  In the present embodiment, each machining jig 1 </ b> B includes a support portion 3 that makes line contact with the workpiece 10 at two points that are separated from each other in a specific direction D orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece 10. Other configurations of the machining jig 1B are the same as those of the machining jig 1A of the first embodiment.

  Specifically, the support portion 3 is a plate-like shape parallel to the specific direction D, and has a trapezoidal support portion main body 33 extending toward the workpiece 10 and two rollers 32 attached to the bottom surface of the support portion main body 33. Have The support portion main body 33 has substantially the same structure as the support portion 3 of the machining jig 1A of the first embodiment. However, the shape of the support body 33 is not limited to a trapezoid. The roller 32 rolls on the workpiece 10 in a specific direction D. However, the support part 3 may have three or more rollers, and the support part 3 may be in line contact with the workpiece 10 at three or more points.

  Also in this embodiment, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the support part 3 has at least two rollers 32, machining can be performed while the workpiece 10 is smoothly rotated.

(Third embodiment)
3A and 3B show a machining jig 1C according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the support 3 has a head 34 in surface contact with the workpiece 10 in a region extending in a specific direction D orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece 10, and a rod extending in the thickness direction of the workpiece 10 from the center of the head 34. 35. That is, the support part 3 is substantially T-shaped in plan view.

  In the present embodiment, the base 2 includes a pair of first walls 21 disposed on both sides of the rod 35 in the specific direction D, and both sides of the rod 35 in the thickness direction of the workpiece 10 and the direction orthogonal to the specific direction D. A pair of second walls 22 disposed on the surface. In the present embodiment, each of the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 is independent, but the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 may be connected to each other to form a cylindrical shape as a whole.

  Between each second wall 22 and the rod 35, a pair of sliding pieces 42 that slide relative to each other while maintaining a certain amount of frictional force is disposed. One sliding piece 42 is attached to the rod 35, and the other sliding piece 42 is attached to the second wall 22.

  A pair of magnetic bodies 43 that repel each other in the specific direction D are disposed between each first wall 21 and the rod 35. For example, each magnetic body 43 is a permanent magnet. One magnetic body 43 is attached to the rod 35, and the other magnetic body 43 is attached to the first wall 21.

  Due to such a configuration, the support portion 3 can swing along the specific direction D around the sliding piece 42. That is, the sliding piece 42 and the magnetic body 43 constitute the swing mechanism 4 that supports the support portion 3 so as to swing around the swing shaft 40. That is, the swing shaft 40 extends so as to connect the centers of the sliding pieces 42 on both sides of the rod 35.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the damping mechanism 5 that imparts resistance to the swinging to the support portion 3 includes a pair of magnetic bodies 53 that repel each other in the thickness direction of the workpiece 10. For example, each magnetic body 53 is a permanent magnet. One magnetic body 53 is attached to the distal end surface of the rod 35, and the other magnetic body 53 is attached to the movable base 54. The movable base 54 is configured to slide along the first wall 21 and the second wall 22 of the base 2 and to be fixed at an arbitrary position. That is, the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies 53 can be adjusted.

  The repulsive force between the magnetic bodies 53 serves as a resistance against swinging of the support portion 3. Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the frictional force between the sliding pieces 42 and the repulsive force between the magnetic bodies 43 described above also serve as resistance to swinging of the support portion 3. That is, the sliding piece 42 and the magnetic body 43 are not only the components of the swing mechanism 4 but also the components of the damping mechanism 5. For this reason, also in the present embodiment, the resistance force to the swing imparted by the damping mechanism 5 to the support portion 3 is a combination of magnetic force and friction force.

  Also in this embodiment, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained. Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the support part 3 can move also in the thickness direction of the workpiece | work 10, the big waviness of the workpiece | work 10 can be reduced.

  In the present embodiment, only the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies 53 can be adjusted, but in addition to the mechanism for adjusting the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies 53, the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies 43 is adjusted. A mechanism may be provided.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention is not limited to the first to third embodiments described above, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4, in the first embodiment, the damping mechanism 5 may include a spring 55 instead of the pair of magnetic bodies 51. In this case, it is desirable that the length of the spring 55 can be adjusted by the movable base 52. Furthermore, it is also possible to use a viscoelastic body such as rubber instead of the spring 55. It is the same in the second and third embodiments that a spring or a viscoelastic body may be used instead of the pair of magnetic bodies.

  Further, the support portion 3 is not necessarily in surface contact or line contact with the workpiece 10, and may be point-contacted with the workpiece 10 at at least two points separated in a specific direction D orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece 10.

  Further, the resistance force to the swing applied by the damping mechanism 5 to the support portion 3 is not necessarily a combination of magnetic force and friction force. For example, the resistance force may use heat generated by an eddy current, a viscous damper, or the like.

1A to 1C Machining jig 10 Work 2 Base 3 Support section 32 Roller 33 Support section main body 4 Oscillating mechanism 40 Oscillating shaft 5 Attenuating mechanism 51 Magnetic body 55 Spring 6 Weight

Claims (6)

A machining jig used when machining a plate-shaped workpiece,
A support portion that makes point contact or line contact with the workpiece at at least two points that are separated from each other in a specific direction orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece, or that is in surface contact with the workpiece in a region extending in the specific direction;
Base and
On the base, a swing mechanism that supports the support portion so as to be swingable about a swing axis orthogonal to the thickness direction of the workpiece and the specific direction;
A damping mechanism that imparts resistance to rocking to the support portion;
A jig for machining.   2. The machining jig according to claim 1, wherein the support portion includes a support portion main body and at least two rollers that are attached to the support portion main body and roll on the workpiece in the specific direction.   The jig for machining according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one weight is attached to the support portion.   The damping mechanism includes a pair of magnetic bodies that attract or repel each other in the thickness direction of the work or a spring that extends in the thickness direction of the work, and adjusts the distance between the pair of magnetic bodies or the length of the spring The jig for machining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the jig is configured to be able to perform. A machining method using the machining jig according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Contacting the support portion of the machining jig with the workpiece so that the specific direction matches the wavelength direction of vibration of the workpiece, and supporting the workpiece with the machining jig;
Machining the workpiece supported by the machining jig;
Including a machining method. The workpiece has a cylindrical shape as a whole,
The machining method according to claim 5, wherein the workpiece is supported by using at least two machining jigs arranged around the workpiece.

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