JP2018022680A - Magnesium battery and power generation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a magnesium battery which generates an electric power usable for a daily life by utilization of a humidity in the ground and which can be utilized to facilitate the exploitation of a sustainable natural energy over a long period of time.SOLUTION: A magnesium battery operable to generate an electric power comprises a plurality of cells each arranged so that positive and negative electrode plates are opposed to each other through a water absorptive cloth holding a humidity in the ground, and a plastic plate arranged in each connection portion where the cells are put on each other to prevent the electrical interference between the cells, which are encased in a plastic container. Thus, liquid inflow into the magnesium battery can be prevented, and the degradation speed of the electrode plates can be decreased, which enables power generation over a long period of time. In addition, a voltage and a current can be ensured for each cell, and they can be combined readily and therefore, it becomes possible to adapt to a voltage and current of a load device or the like. The humidification (water content addition) to the water absorptive cloth can be performed by forced water addition in an initial use and short-term use. In a long-term uninterrupted use, the humidification from the ground can be achieved by land burial or the like over a long period of time. Thus, a magnesium battery which can be used over a long period of time can is built up.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention realizes power generation for a much longer time (several years to several tens of years) than conventional magnesium batteries by utilizing underground moisture (subsurface humidity). The present invention relates to a magnesium battery and a power generation method thereof.

  Conventional magnesium batteries are compatible with practical use by using an electrolyte containing an electrolyte to generate potential between electrodes, and the duration of power generation after electrolyte injection is long-term, yearly due to chemical reactions. It was difficult. That is, although the conventional magnesium battery using the electrolyte solution containing electrolyte has a high electromotive force, there is a problem that the power generation period lasts only about one month even if it is long from two weeks (Patent Documents 1 to 6). ).

JP 2010-182435 A JP2012-134160A JP 2013-191367 A JP 2014-99377 A JP 2014-143191 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-92491

  In light of the above-described problems of the prior art, the inventor has continued research to increase the duration of power generation in magnesium batteries (several years to several decades), and as a result, moisture present infinitely in the ground. Focusing on the use of (underground humidity), by not using an electrolyte containing an electrolyte, power generation for a much longer time (several years to several decades) compared to conventional magnesium batteries, That is, the present invention has been completed by realizing long-term use of a magnesium battery.

  In the present invention, two types of electrode plates having different ionization tendencies (for example, a magnesium alloy plate as a negative electrode plate and a stainless steel plate as a positive electrode plate) are sandwiched between water-absorbing cloths to constitute a single cell of a magnesium battery, and air permeability A magnesium battery main body having at least one magnesium battery cell is hermetically stored in a plastic container having a wall having a wall, and a magnesium battery made of a plastic container having the magnesium battery main body embedded therein is embedded in the ground. Magnesium battery and its power generation that secures voltage and current by holding moisture in the ground (underground humidity) entering the plastic container from the wall with air permeability with a water absorption cloth and can obtain power generation over a long period of time It is intended to provide a method.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a water absorbing cloth between two electrode plates having different ionization tendencies (for example, a magnesium alloy plate as a negative electrode plate and a stainless steel plate as a positive electrode plate), and confront the above 2 A plastic container having a structure composed of a plurality of electrode plates and a water-absorbing cloth disposed between them and forming a magnesium battery main body from at least one magnesium battery cell and having a breathable wall It is possible to obtain a flow of electrons that lasts for a long period of time by storing the magnesium battery body inside and retaining the moisture (underground humidity) that penetrates from the air-permeable wall with a water absorption cloth. It is what.

  The magnesium battery capable of generating electricity for a long time according to claim 1 of the present application comprises: a positive electrode plate; a negative electrode plate made of magnesium disposed opposite to the positive electrode plate; and a water absorbent cloth provided between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. A magnesium battery comprising: a magnesium battery main body having at least one magnesium battery cell, and a plastic container having a breathable wall and containing the magnesium battery main body in a sealed state, wherein the magnesium battery main body is sealed A magnesium battery consisting of the plastic container stored in a state is buried in the ground, and moisture from the ground entering the plastic container through the air-permeable wall is absorbed by the water absorption cloth, and from the ground It is characterized by generating electricity only by supplying water.

  As the negative electrode plate made of magnesium, a magnesium alloy plate (for example, an alloy plate made of 96% Mg, 3% Al, 1% Zn) is preferably used. As a plastic container provided with a wall having air permeability, either a plastic wall manufactured as having air permeability or one having a fine ventilation hole opened in the wall after manufacture can be used. It is necessary to have a wall structure that allows moisture (humidity) from the ground to enter the plastic container during embedding.

  The magnesium battery according to claim 2 of the present application is the magnesium battery according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium battery main body composed of a plurality of the magnesium battery cells is stored in a sealed state in a plastic container having a breathable wall. In order to prevent electrical interference between the magnesium battery cells, a partition plastic plate is provided between adjacent magnesium battery cells.

  A power generation method for a magnesium battery according to claim 3 of the present invention includes a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate made of magnesium and disposed opposite to the positive electrode plate, and a water absorbing cloth provided between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. A magnesium battery main body having at least one magnesium battery cell is sealed in a plastic container having a breathable wall, and the magnesium battery including the plastic container in which the magnesium battery main body is sealed is stored in the ground. It is embedded, and moisture from the ground entering the plastic container through the air-permeable wall is absorbed by the water absorption cloth, and power is generated only by supplying moisture from the ground. .

  A preferred embodiment of the magnesium battery of the present invention is to constitute a magnesium battery by housing a magnesium battery body composed of a plurality of magnesium battery cells in a plastic container. By using a container with a breathable wall for its plastic storage container, we have been able to continuously receive a stable supply of underground moisture (underground humidity) from the underground where moisture is stable. Is.

  In the present invention, instead of the electrolytic solution containing the electrolyte that has been used as technical common sense in the conventional magnesium battery, the ground metal moisture (ground humidity) is used to delay the dissolution rate of the electrode metal plate in units of years. This enables long-term sustainable power generation for a year or several decades.

  As described above, a non-conductive plate (plastic plate) or the like is used at the overlapping connection portion between the magnesium battery cells and the magnesium battery cells to prevent electrical interference between the individual magnesium battery cells, and the electrical independence of one magnesium battery cell. The magnesium battery main body consisting of a plurality of magnesium battery cells is placed in a plastic container by using a lead wire for each magnesium battery cell to lead power from the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively. Can be efficiently stored. The amount of water retained in the water absorbent cloth is preferably about 50% by weight to 100% by weight with respect to the weight of the water absorbent cloth.

  In addition, as described above, the magnesium battery body composed of a plurality of magnesium battery cells is configured in a state where the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are opposed to each other through a water absorption cloth using moisture in the plastic storage container, Due to the structure in which a space exists in the plastic container, it is possible to install a plurality of magnesium battery bodies at the same time.

  It is a well-known matter that a voltage of one magnesium battery cell is about DC 1V in a configuration in which a stainless steel plate is used for the positive electrode and a magnesium alloy plate is used for the negative electrode. By extracting power with lead wires from magnesium battery cells, for example, when 10 magnesium battery cells are installed in a plastic container, the voltage can be arbitrarily obtained from 1V to 10V in series and parallel connection Can be configured. Further, since the current value increases in proportion to the surface area, it can be dealt with by increasing the surface area of the electrode plate constituting the magnesium battery cell.

  When a magnesium battery body consisting of a plurality of magnesium battery cells is installed in a plastic container, it is configured so that an air layer is always present as an insulator between the plurality of magnesium battery cells. By preventing the mixing of an excessive solution other than (ground water), it is possible to maintain the current collection sustainability of the magnesium battery body.

  The magnesium battery of the present invention, which is composed of a plastic container containing a magnesium battery main body, is embedded from the ground and buried entirely in the ground and enters the plastic container through the air-permeable wall of the plastic container. By absorbing moisture (humidity) into the water absorption cloth, the magnesium battery body generates electricity only by supplying moisture from the ground, the moisture in the ground is infinite, and the moisture supply from the ground is permanent. The magnesium battery of the invention enables long-term sustained power generation.

  Further, the embedment of the magnesium battery of the present invention, which is composed of a plastic container containing a magnesium battery main body, can be made even if a magnesium battery configured as a plastic container containing a plurality of the same magnesium battery main bodies is buried at the same time. There is an advantage that necessary electric power can be added without receiving electric interference with the air inside the container.

  The moisture in the ground is constant without being affected by the outside air temperature, and is more than 80% that satisfies the conditions sufficient for power generation of the magnesium battery of the present invention, particularly in the place where grass and trees grow, especially 20-30 cm below the ground surface. Moisture is always present. Therefore, moisture (humidity) is stably present in the breathable plastic container buried in the ground, and the water absorption cloth in the plastic container can maintain a stable water retaining function. As described above, the amount of water retained in the water-absorbing cloth is preferably about 50% to 100% by weight with respect to the weight of the water-absorbing cloth. There is a great advantage that it is maintained in a natural state without any human work. Further, when the plastic container is buried in the ground, there is an advantage that the magnesium battery body composed of the plastic container and each of the built-in magnesium battery cells is not affected even when the ground surface is submerged.

  In the initial installation use of the magnesium battery of the present invention, the water absorption cloth is forcibly hydrolyzed (using drinking water PH 6 to 7.5) to generate power, and thereafter, the humidity is obtained from the moisture in the ground, and the water retention of the water absorption cloth is maintained. It becomes possible to operate a long-term magnesium battery, and because it is buried in a plastic container by using the moisture (humidity) in the ground, it does not suffer from metal corrosion due to moisture (humidity) in the soil. Magnesium batteries can be used. In the magnesium battery of the present invention, the water retention capacity of the water absorption cloth has a feature that it lasts for about one month from the initial humidification, during which power generation using ground moisture begins, and it is embedded within that period. From then on, maintenance-free power generation is obtained. Moreover, even when forced humidification is not performed, power generation can be obtained by absorbing moisture (humidity) from the ground over time. The moisture retention capacity of the water absorption cloth is used when sandwiched between the electrode plates as in the case of the magnesium battery of the present invention. When the indoor use is initially performed with 100% moisture retention, water retention is possible for about one month and power generation is possible. However, if it is left in the room as it is, power generation becomes impossible while the water retention state of the water absorption cloth is lowered thereafter. In addition, in the state which embed | buried the magnesium battery of this invention in the ground, the water retention of a water absorption cloth can be maintained semipermanently.

  The magnesium battery of the present invention can generate power for a long period of time, can supply power that can be used for a long period of time, is not affected by temperature and humidity on the ground, and is used even in tunnels, underpasses, and snowfall areas. There is an advantage that no power failure occurs. In addition, the magnesium battery of the present invention has the advantage that maintenance is unnecessary for a long time because it can be installed in a place where the humidity (moisture) in the ground can be used. Furthermore, the magnesium battery of the present invention can have a great effect that the installation of the place can be diversified by eliminating the restrictions such as the overhead power transmission line, the buried power transmission line, and the sunshine when power is supplied. The magnesium battery of the present invention can be effectively used mainly for lighting LEDs, but can also be used as a power supply source for charging other electronic devices.

  In the use of the magnesium battery of the present invention, when using in a short period of time in the case of emergency response etc., the current increases by adding lemon water or sports drink etc. to the water absorption cloth of each magnesium battery cell additionally It becomes possible and can be diverted to various uses.

It is sectional explanatory drawing which shows one embodiment of the structural example of the magnesium battery cell in the magnesium battery of this invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing one embodiment of a configuration example of a magnesium battery main body in the magnesium battery of the present invention, that is, a case where a magnesium battery main body is constituted by four magnesium battery cells and power generation of about 4 V voltage is performed. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing one embodiment of a configuration example in which the magnesium battery main body shown in FIG. 2 is housed in a plastic container to form a magnesium battery of the present invention. In the magnesium battery of this invention, it is sectional explanatory drawing which shows one embodiment of the structural example at the time of accommodating two magnesium battery main bodies in a plastic container, and stores the magnesium battery main body shown in FIG. 2 up and down. The aspect which increased the electric current value by the wire connection is shown.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The description is illustrative and should not be construed as limiting.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing one embodiment of a configuration example of the magnesium battery cell 10 in the magnesium battery 30 (FIG. 3) of the present invention. Reference numeral 10 denotes a magnesium battery cell constituting the magnesium battery 30 of the present invention. The magnesium battery cell 10 includes a positive electrode plate 11, a negative electrode plate 12 made of magnesium and disposed opposite to the positive electrode plate 11, and A water absorption cloth 13 provided between the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12. A stainless steel plate or the like is preferably used as the positive electrode plate 11, and a magnesium alloy plate or the like is preferably used as the negative electrode plate 12.

  A positive lead 1 a is attached to the upper end edge of the positive electrode plate 11, and a negative lead 1 b is attached to the upper end edge of the negative electrode plate 12. As the water absorbent cloth 13, a plastic fiber water absorbent cloth or a PVA resin water absorbent cloth which is widely used for ultra-fine fiber cloth or the like is preferably used. The size of the water absorbent cloth 13 in the length direction is smaller than the length in the length direction of the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12, and as shown in FIG. 1, the upper edge of the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12. It is preferable to install the water absorbing cloth 13 so that the upper edge of the water absorbing cloth 13 is displaced downward by a distance d with respect to the portion.

  For example, when the length of the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 is 10 cm, the distance d is preferably about 3 cm. It is preferable to displace the upper end edge of the water absorbent cloth 13 downward in this way, such as corrosion of the upper end edge connection part of the magnesium battery cell 10 connected to the positive electrode lead wire 1a and the negative electrode lead wire 1b. This is because it is effective in preventing the occurrence of the above.

  FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a configuration example of the magnesium battery main body 20 in the magnesium battery 30 (FIG. 3) of the present invention, that is, the magnesium battery main body 20 is constituted by four magnesium battery cells 10 to generate power of about 4V voltage. It is sectional explanatory drawing which shows the case where it performs. A magnesium battery main body 20 is configured by overlappingly connecting four magnesium battery cells 10. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 14 denotes a plastic plate (non-conductive), which is provided between the magnesium battery cells 10 in order to prevent electrical interference between the magnesium battery cells 10.

  Reference numeral lc is a crossover for voltage addition, and electrically connects the upper edge portions of the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 of each adjacent magnesium battery cell 10. When the magnesium battery main body 20 is constituted by a plurality of magnesium battery cells 10 as shown in FIG. 2, the positive electrode lead wire 1a and the negative electrode lead wire 1b are attached to the magnesium battery cell 10 located on the outermost side. . In FIG. 2, the positive electrode lead wire 1a is attached to the upper end of the positive electrode plate 11a of the magnesium battery cell 10A located on the left outer side, and the negative electrode lead wire 1b is the upper end of the negative electrode plate 12b of the magnesium battery cell 10B located on the right outer side. It is attached to the part.

  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing one embodiment of a configuration example in which the magnesium battery main body 20 shown in FIG. 2 is housed in a plastic container 21 to form a magnesium battery 30. The magnesium battery main body 20 having a direct current of about 4 V shown in FIG. 2 was housed in a plastic container 21 having an air-permeable wall and embedded in the soil S. If the plastic container 21 is buried 20 cm or less from the ground surface GL, the soil S in which trees are present can supply underground humidity (water in the ground) to the magnesium battery 30 of the present invention, and the water retention capacity of the water absorbing cloth 13 is increased. Stable, the magnesium battery 30 can perform stable power generation. As the plastic container provided with the above air-permeable wall, either a plastic wall manufactured as air-permeable or a plastic wall with a fine ventilation hole can be used. It is necessary to have a wall structure in which moisture (humidity) from the ground can enter the plastic container 21. It is preferable that the amount of water retained in the water absorbent cloth 13 is maintained at about 50% by weight to 100% by weight with respect to the weight of the water absorbent cloth.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing one embodiment of a configuration example in the case where two magnesium battery main bodies 20 are stored in a plastic container 21 in the magnesium battery 30 of the present invention, which is shown in FIG. The mode which stored the magnesium battery main body 20 up and down and increased the electric current value by the connection is shown.

  In FIG. 4, since two magnesium battery main bodies 20 (DC about 4V) are stored in a plastic container 21 in a state of being divided into upper and lower stages, the plastic container 21 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape. In FIG. 4, the code | symbol 31 is a plastic partition plate which divides the inside of the plastic container 21 into upper and lower two chambers 21A and 21B. A first magnesium battery body 20A is accommodated in the upper chamber 21A of the plastic container 21, and a second magnesium battery body 20B is accommodated in the lower chamber 21B.

  When a plurality of magnesium battery main bodies 20 are accommodated in the plastic container 21, each magnesium battery main body 20 can be used as a magnesium battery 30 as a final product by being electrically connected by connection.

  In the illustrated example of FIG. 4, the positive electrode lead wire 1a of the magnesium battery main body 20B is connected in parallel to the positive electrode lead wire 1a of the magnesium battery main body 20A to form a multi-positive electrode lead wire 1a2, and the magnesium battery is connected to the negative electrode lead wire 1b of the magnesium battery main body 20A. An example in which the negative electrode lead wire 1b of the main body 20B is connected in parallel to form a multi negative electrode lead wire 1b2 is illustrated.

  Examples of the magnesium battery of the present invention will be described below in detail, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1: Production Example of Magnesium Battery Cell in FIG. 1 Each of the same size positive electrode plate 11 (Tokyo Magnesium stainless steel (SUS430) steel plate, width 3 cm × length 10 cm × thickness 1 mm), negative electrode plate 12 (stock) Company Magnesium alloy plate made by Tokyo Magnesium, width 3cm × length 10cm × thickness 1mm, Mg96%, Al3%, Zn1% alloy) water absorption cloth 13 (water absorption cloth manufactured by Lec Co., Ltd., width 3cm × length 7cm thickness) The magnesium battery cell 10 shown in FIG. 1 was produced by facing each other through 3 mm, 85% rayon, 10% polyester, 5% polyethylene). When the water absorbing cloth retains water (moisturizing), it becomes possible to move electron ions, and a voltage of about 1 V can be obtained.

  The thickness of the water absorption cloth is optimally about 1.5 mm at the time of water retention. When buried in the ground as underground water (humidity), underground water (humidity) is used, but in power generation experiments, tap water (drinking water) may be used. However, as long as underground water or tap water (drinking water) is used, there is no fear that the metal plates constituting the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate will deteriorate. The sizes of the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate can be appropriately changed depending on the load device of the magnesium battery of the present invention. In addition, the water-absorbing cloth (a commercially available water-absorbing cloth can be used) has a high water holding capacity, and can maintain 90% of the optimum moisture content in the present invention.

Example 2: Production Example of Magnesium Battery Main Body of FIG. 2 Four magnesium battery cells shown in FIG. 1 are stacked for practical use, and a voltage of about 4 V is obtained when four magnesium battery cells are connected in series. It was confirmed that As shown in FIG. 2, a non-conductive plate 14 (plastic and plastic tapes are also possible) is provided in the overlapped connection portion to prevent electrical interference between the magnesium battery cells.

Example 3 Production Example of Magnesium Battery in FIG. 3 FIG. 3 shows an example in which the magnesium battery body 20 shown in FIG. 2 is housed in a plastic container 21 to form a magnesium battery 30 as a final product, which is embedded in soil. The moisture in the ground is about pH 7, and even if acid rain falls on the ground surface, it is neutralized in the ground and the deterioration rate of the metal plates constituting the positive electrode plate 11 and the negative electrode plate 12 is slowed down. There are features. The plastic container 21 functions to prevent the electrode plate from being deteriorated by ultraviolet rays or moisture. Moreover, the inflow of a liquid can be prevented by storing in the plastic container 21, the independence of each magnesium battery cell is attained, and the voltage in the magnesium battery can be easily increased.

Example 4: Production Example of Magnesium Battery of FIG. 4 FIG. 4 shows a magnesium battery 30 in which the magnesium battery body 20 shown in FIG. 2 is installed in two upper and lower chambers 21A and 21B of a plastic container 21. By adopting such a configuration, it becomes possible to eliminate the voltage non-uniformity of the individual magnesium battery main bodies 20. Further, in this example, the performance of the magnesium battery main body installed in the upper and lower two chambers using the partition plate 31 was improved, and the effective use of the buried area and the reduction efficiency of the installation cost could be increased.

Example 5: Manufacturing example of five-line connection of magnesium battery cells In Example 2, an example in which the magnesium battery body 20 was manufactured by connecting four magnesium battery cells 10 in series was shown. A magnesium battery main body 20 having a negative electrode plate size of the same as that in Example 1 was manufactured, and this was stored in a plastic container 21 to manufacture a magnesium battery 30 as a final product (in FIG. The configuration is the same, and illustration is omitted). By installing the magnesium battery 30 in the ground, a voltage of about 5 V was obtained. Experiments using the magnesium battery of Example 5 (magnesium battery cell five-unit connection structure) confirmed that the LED blinking light (s) can be lit at a voltage level that is socially practical and highly versatile. did.

  10, 10A, 10B: Magnesium battery cell, 1a: positive electrode lead wire, 1a2: multi positive electrode lead wire, lb: negative electrode lead wire, 1b2: multi negative electrode lead wire, 11, 11a: positive electrode plate, 12, 12b: negative electrode plate, 13: Absorbent cloth, 14: Plastic plate, lc: Crossover, 20, 20A, 20B: Magnesium battery body, 21, 21A, 21B: Plastic container, 30: Magnesium battery, 31: Plastic container partition plate, GL: Ground surface, S: soil.

Claims (3)

  A magnesium battery main body having at least one magnesium battery cell including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate made of magnesium disposed opposite to the positive electrode plate, and a water absorbent cloth provided between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate; A magnesium battery comprising a plastic container having a breathable wall and containing the magnesium battery main body in a sealed state, wherein the magnesium battery comprising the plastic container containing the magnesium battery main body in a sealed state is underground. Long-term power generation characterized in that water is buried in the plastic container through the wall having air permeability and is absorbed into the water absorption cloth, and power is generated only by supplying water from the ground. Possible magnesium battery.   In order to prevent electrical interference of each magnesium battery cell when a magnesium battery body composed of a plurality of said magnesium battery cells is stored in a sealed state in a plastic container having a wall having air permeability, between adjacent magnesium battery cells 2. The magnesium battery according to claim 1, wherein a partitioning plastic plate is provided therebetween.   A magnesium battery body having at least one magnesium battery cell including a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate made of magnesium disposed opposite to the positive electrode plate, and a water absorbent cloth provided between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is ventilated. A magnesium battery comprising the plastic container in which the magnesium battery main body is stored in a hermetically sealed state is embedded in the ground in a plastic container having a wall having a property, and the air is passed through the wall having air permeability. A power generation method for a magnesium battery, characterized in that water from the ground entering the plastic container is absorbed by the water absorption cloth, and power is generated only by supplying water from the ground.

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