JP2018011535A - Cow breeding feed having excellent feeding properties, and cow breeding method using feed - Google Patents
Cow breeding feed having excellent feeding properties, and cow breeding method using feed Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
Description
本発明は、採食性が優れた乳牛飼育用飼料及び当該飼料を用いた乳牛の飼育方法に関し、特に、乳牛用の自動給餌機や搾乳ロボットで使用するのに適した乳牛飼育用飼料に関する。 The present invention relates to a dairy cow breeding feed excellent in forageability and a dairy cattle breeding method using the feed, and more particularly to a dairy cattle breeding feed suitable for use with an automatic feeding machine or milking robot for dairy cows.
近年、酪農現場において労働力低減のために配合飼料を自動で給餌するシステム（自動給餌機：特許文献１、搾乳ロボット機：特許文献２）の普及が進んでおり、それに伴って配合飼料単体を多量給与するケースが増えてきつつある。 In recent years, systems for automatically feeding mixed feed for reducing labor in dairy farms (automatic feeding machine: Patent Document 1, milking robot machine: Patent Document 2) have been widely used, and accordingly, the combined feed alone The number of cases of large salary is increasing.
それらのシステムでは、牛の自発的な採食行動によって給餌をコントロールしており、裏を返せば採食性の高い飼料を用いることで安定した摂取量を維持できることになる。 In these systems, feeding is controlled by the cattle's voluntary feeding behavior, and if it is turned over, stable feeding can be maintained by using highly foraging feed.
このような自動給餌システムにおいて、飼料を多給できれば栄養の充足が高まり乳量、乳成分が増加する一方、発酵性の高いデンプンなどがルーメン内で急激に高まるとルーメン内のｐＨが低下、いわゆるルーメンアシドーシスが生じ、それに起因する採食性の低下、生産性の悪化などの悪影響を引き起こし、反対に、飼料の栄養濃度が低く過ぎると、牛の摂取欲求が低下し、給餌機に寄付かない懸念があった。 In such an automatic feeding system, if a large amount of feed can be fed, nutritional satisfaction will increase and milk yield and milk components will increase.On the other hand, if fermentable starch or the like rapidly increases in the rumen, the pH in the rumen will decrease, so-called Luminous acidosis may occur, causing adverse effects such as poor feeding performance and poor productivity.On the other hand, if the feed nutrient concentration is too low, the need for intake of cattle will decrease, and there is a concern that don't donate to the feeder was there.
また、これら自動給餌システムは容量によって給餌量が決定されるが、飼料タンクから給餌器への搬送ラインで飼料の形状や比重が変わると、給餌量は大きく変動し、栄養供給量のコントロールが難しいという問題もあった。 In addition, these automatic feeding systems determine the amount of feed depending on the capacity, but if the shape or specific gravity of the feed changes in the transport line from the feed tank to the feeder, the feed amount will vary greatly, making it difficult to control the nutrient supply There was also a problem.
以上のことから、自動給餌システムに用いる飼料に求められる要素として、エネルギー要求量を満たしつつ、且つルーメンアシドーシスのリスクを抑えた栄養濃度であり、更に、搬送ラインでも崩れない安定した形状であることが求められている。 From the above, as a factor required for the feed used in the automatic feeding system, it is a nutrient concentration that satisfies the energy requirement and suppresses the risk of rumen acidosis, and also has a stable shape that does not collapse even in the transport line Is required.
本件発明は、上記従来技術の問題点に鑑みなされたもので、配合多給時でもアシドーシスのリスクを抑え、採食性を高め、更に、ペレットの硬度を高めることで形状の安定化を図った自動給餌機や搾乳ロボットで使用するのに適した乳牛飼育用飼料を提供することである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and suppresses the risk of acidosis even at the time of compounding, increases the food intake, and further stabilizes the shape by increasing the hardness of the pellets. It is to provide a dairy cattle feed suitable for use with automatic feeding machines and milking robots.
本発明は、繊維（NDF）レベルを高めることでアシドーシスのリスクを低減し、且つ、消化性の高い繊維源である大豆皮、ビートパルプをペレット形状の製品として組み合わせることでエネルギー要求量を満たし採食性を高め、さらに、飼料中の脂肪含量を低減することで、ペレット硬度を高め、給餌精度の向上を図ったものである。 The present invention reduces the risk of acidosis by increasing the fiber (NDF) level, and meets the energy requirement by combining soybean hulls and beet pulp, which are highly digestible fiber sources, as pellet-shaped products. By improving the food quality and further reducing the fat content in the feed, the pellet hardness is increased and the feeding accuracy is improved.
本発明の実施態様は、以下のとおりである。
〔１〕全乾物中、繊維（NDF）が20〜26質量％であって、大豆皮またはビートパルプが3〜20質量%配合されている乳牛用飼料。
〔２〕全飼料に対し脂肪分が2.5〜3.4質量％に設計されている〔１〕の乳牛用飼料。
〔３〕耐久度が95％以上、且つ硬度が8.5kgf以上のペレット形状である〔１〕又は〔２〕の乳牛用飼料。
〔４〕〔３〕のペレット状乳牛用飼料を自動給餌機又は搾乳ロボット機で給与する乳牛の飼育方法。
Embodiments of the present invention are as follows.
[1] A feed for dairy cows in which 20% to 26% by mass of fiber (NDF) and 3% to 20% by mass of soybean hulls or beet pulp are blended in all dry matter.
[2] The feed for dairy cows according to [1], wherein the fat content is designed to be 2.5 to 3.4% by mass relative to the total feed.
[3] The feed for dairy cattle according to [1] or [2], which has a pellet shape with a durability of 95% or more and a hardness of 8.5 kgf or more.
[4] A method for raising dairy cows, wherein the pelletized dairy cow feed of [3] is fed by an automatic feeding machine or a milking robot machine.
本発明の乳牛飼育用飼料を給与して乳牛を飼育すれば、エネルギー要求量を満たし採食性を高めつつ、アシドーシスのリスクを低減することができ、脂肪含量を低減することで、ペレット硬度を高め、自動給餌機を利用する乳牛飼育における給餌精度を向上させることができる。 By feeding the dairy cow breeding feed of the present invention and raising the dairy cow, it is possible to reduce the risk of acidosis while satisfying the energy requirement and improving the forageability, and by reducing the fat content, the pellet hardness can be reduced. The feeding accuracy in dairy cattle breeding using an automatic feeding machine can be improved.
また、本発明の乳牛用飼料は、乳牛に対する嗜好性に優れているので、乳牛が搾乳ロボットに進入する動機付けとなり、搾乳ロボットの搾乳効率が向上する。
さらに、本発明の乳牛用飼料は高NDF,低デンプンなので、進入回数の多い牛のアシドーシスを防ぐことができる。
Moreover, since the feed for dairy cattle of this invention is excellent in the palatability with respect to a dairy cow, it becomes a motivation for a dairy cow to enter a milking robot, and the milking efficiency of a milking robot improves.
Furthermore, since the dairy cattle feed of the present invention has a high NDF and low starch, it can prevent acidosis in cattle with a large number of ingresses.
本発明の乳牛飼育用飼料に用いられる繊維としては、大豆皮、ビートパルプ等が例示され、アシドーシスのリスクを有効に低減するためには、乾量基準で全飼料に対し20〜26質量％とする必要があり、より好ましくは20〜24質量％とすることが望ましい。繊維が20質量％未満ではアシドーシスのリスクが高まり、26質量％を超えるとエネルギー不足から摂取欲求が低下するという問題が生じる。 Examples of the fiber used in the feed for raising dairy cows of the present invention include soybean hulls, beet pulp and the like, and in order to effectively reduce the risk of acidosis, 20 to 26% by mass with respect to the total feed on a dry basis More preferably, it is desirably 20 to 24% by mass. If the fiber content is less than 20% by mass, the risk of acidosis increases, and if it exceeds 26% by mass, there is a problem that the desire for intake decreases due to lack of energy.
本発明の乳牛飼育用飼料に用いられる大豆皮は、大豆の外表面の薄皮で、大豆の製粉時の副産物であり、ビートパルプは、ビートを窄汁した後の残渣であり、こられのいずれか又はこれらの混合物を、乾量基準で全飼料に対し3〜20質量％とする必要があり、3質量％以上とすると、エネルギー摂取量が増加してさらに好ましい。さらに、これらの原料をペレット形状で配合率を高めることにより、採食性を高めた。 The soybean hull used in the feed for raising dairy cows of the present invention is a thin skin on the outer surface of soybean, and is a by-product during soybean milling, and beet pulp is a residue after beet juice has been squeezed. Or it is necessary to make these mixtures into 3-20 mass% with respect to the whole feed on a dry weight basis, and when it is 3 mass% or more, energy intake increases and it is further more preferable. Furthermore, forageability was improved by increasing the blending ratio of these raw materials in the form of pellets.
乳牛飼育用飼料に用いられる原料で脂肪分が含まれるものとしては、穀類や添加油脂等が知られており、本発明の飼料の調製に当たっては、これらの配合量を調整することにより、全飼料に対し2.5〜3.4質量％とする必要がある。脂肪分が2.5質量％未満ではエネルギーを充足することが難しく、3.4質量％を超えるとペレット硬度、耐久性が低下するという問題が生じる。 Grains and added fats and oils are known as raw materials used for dairy cattle feed that contain fat, and in preparing the feed of the present invention, the total feed can be adjusted by adjusting the amount of these ingredients. It is necessary to set it as 2.5-3.4 mass% with respect to it. When the fat content is less than 2.5% by mass, it is difficult to satisfy the energy, and when it exceeds 3.4% by mass, the pellet hardness and durability are lowered.
＜搾乳ロボット機での給与事例１＞
本発明の乳牛用飼料と従来品として市販されているペレット製品を使用して搾乳ロボット（レリー社製、アストロノートA4）における搾乳試験を行った。
<Salary case 1 with a milking robot>
A milking test was conducted with a milking robot (Retro Co., Astronaut A4) using the feed for dairy cows of the present invention and pellet products commercially available as conventional products.
実験は、4月7日まで従来品（コーンフレーク＆ペレット製品、商品名：フリータイムC）を給与し、乳量、採食量、搾乳回数を測定し、4月8日以降は本発明の飼料に切り替え、同様な測定を行った。本試験で使用した飼料の配合割合は、表１に示すとおりである。なお、グラフの値はデータ抽出日前7日間の平均値を示している。 In the experiment, conventional products (corn flakes & pellet products, trade name: Free Time C) were fed until April 7, and the amount of milk, the amount of food intake, and the number of milking were measured. The same measurement was performed after switching. The mixing ratio of the feed used in this test is as shown in Table 1. In addition, the value of a graph has shown the average value for seven days before a data extraction date.
測定結果を図１から図３に示す。これらのグラフから明らかなように、本発明の飼料を給与することにより、従来製品と比べ、乳量、採食量、搾乳回数は有意に増加した。 The measurement results are shown in FIGS. As is apparent from these graphs, the amount of milk, the amount of food intake, and the number of milkings increased significantly by feeding the feed of the present invention as compared with the conventional products.
＜搾乳ロボット機での給与事例２＞
本発明の乳牛用飼料と従来品として市販されているペレット製品を使用して搾乳ロボットにおける給餌・搾乳箇所への訪問回数の実験を行った。
<Salary case 2 with milking robot>
Using the feed for dairy cows of the present invention and pellet products marketed as conventional products, experiments on the number of visits to feeding and milking locations in a milking robot were conducted.
本実験で使用した飼料は表2に示すとおりで、従来品は、給与事例１と同じものである。
実験結果は図4に示すとおりであった。
The feed used in this experiment is as shown in Table 2, and the conventional product is the same as the feed example 1.
The experimental results are as shown in FIG.
ここで、リフューズ回数とは、搾乳ロボット機において搾乳を行わずにロボットを通過した回数である。搾乳は一定時間が経過しないと許可されない設定となっており、その時間内にロボットを訪問した場合は、牛は搾乳されずに通過する。牛は搾乳ロボット内のペレット飼料を摂取したいという欲求からロボットを訪問するため、飼料の採食性の良し悪しを判断する基準となる。 Here, the number of times of refuse is the number of times that the robot passes through the milking robot machine without milking. Milking is set not to be permitted until a certain time has elapsed, and if the robot is visited within that time, the cow passes without milking. The cow visits the robot because of the desire to consume the pellet feed in the milking robot, which is a criterion for judging whether the feed is good or bad.
図４のグラフの単位は、回/日/頭で、数値は、データ抽出日前7日間の平均値であり、数値の大きい順に並べたものである。従来品では、一般的に搾乳回数は2.5〜3.0回/日/頭、リフューズ回数は1.0回/日/頭程度であると言われており、多くても4回程度であるが、本発明品を給与した事例では4回以上の個体が60%を超えており、10回を超える個体も約9%いることが確認されている。なお、データ抽出時の飼育乳牛頭数は207頭であった。 The unit of the graph in FIG. 4 is times / day / head, and the numerical values are average values for seven days before the data extraction date, and are arranged in descending order of numerical values. In conventional products, it is generally said that the number of milking times is 2.5 to 3.0 times / day / head, and the number of refrigerating times is about 1.0 times / day / head, which is about 4 times at most. The number of individuals who received salary was over 60%, and it was confirmed that there were about 9% more than 10 individuals. The number of dairy cows raised at the time of data extraction was 207.
＜繊維消化性＞
本発明の乳牛飼育用飼料で使用される繊維源（NDF）の主要成分の30時間後の消化率を測定した。なお、測定は、米国、メリーランド州のCumberland Valley Analytical Services社に依頼した。
結果は、図５に示すとおりで、大豆皮、ビートパルプの消化率が他の繊維原料と比べ高いことがわかる。
<Fiber digestibility>
The digestibility after 30 hours of the main component of the fiber source (NDF) used in the feed for raising dairy cows of the present invention was measured. The measurement was requested from Cumberland Valley Analytical Services of Maryland, USA.
A result is as showing in FIG. 5, and it turns out that the digestibility of soybean hulls and beet pulp is high compared with another fiber raw material.
＜ペレットの耐久度、硬度＞
本発明の乳牛飼育用飼料をペレット化し、その耐久度と硬度を測定した。
本発明でいう「耐久度」とは、一定の負荷を加えた時のペレット形状残存率を数値〔単位は％〕化したもので、本実験では、リグノテスター（Borregaard社、型番：LT-III）を使用し、チャンバー径4.0mm(特注)、下部篩目：2.0mm、風圧70mbar、60秒の条件下で測定した。
また、本発明でいう「硬度」は、ペレットの硬さの数値〔単位：kgf〕であり、本実験では、木屋式デジタル硬度計（株式会社藤原製作所製、型番：KHT-20N）を使用して測定した。
<Durability and hardness of pellets>
The feed for raising dairy cows of the present invention was pelletized, and its durability and hardness were measured.
“Durability” as used in the present invention is a numerical value (unit:%) of the pellet shape remaining rate when a certain load is applied. In this experiment, Ligno Tester (Borregaard, model number: LT-III) ) And a chamber diameter of 4.0 mm (special order), a lower sieve mesh: 2.0 mm, a wind pressure of 70 mbar, and measurement was performed for 60 seconds.
The “hardness” as used in the present invention is a numerical value (unit: kgf) of the hardness of the pellet. In this experiment, a Kiya digital hardness meter (manufactured by Fujiwara Seisakusho, model number: KHT-20N) was used. Measured.
測定に使用した試料は、従来品（表品名：フリータイムC）と本発明の飼料を、打錠機（CPM社製、7730-8型式）を使用し打錠したものである。 The sample used for the measurement is obtained by tableting the conventional product (table name: free time C) and the feed of the present invention using a tableting machine (CPM, 7730-8 model).
結果は図６に示すとおりで、本発明の飼料を打錠したペレットは、従来製品と比べ、耐久度及び硬度のいずれもが優れていた。 The results are as shown in FIG. 6, and the pellets obtained by tableting the feed of the present invention were superior in both durability and hardness as compared with conventional products.
本発明の乳牛飼育用飼料を使用すれば、搾乳ロボットや自動給餌機などの使用時の乳牛の飼育及び搾乳効率を向上させることができ、この分野における省力化に貢献する。 If the feed for raising dairy cows of the present invention is used, it is possible to improve the breeding and milking efficiency of dairy cows when using a milking robot or an automatic feeding machine, which contributes to labor saving in this field.
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| JP2019135974A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-22 | 太陽油脂株式会社 | Vegetable oil saponified composition |
| JP2020048509A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Molded feed for ruminants and methods for producing the same |
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| JP2021016315A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-02-15 | 株式会社チュウチク | Feeding management method for dairy cow using milking robot and feeding mixed feed in milking robot |
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| US20030013690A1 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2003-01-16 | Deluca Hector F. | Increasing phosphorus uptake from the gut of dairy cows by supplementing 1alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D compounds |
| JP2003274867A (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2003-09-30 | Hirotsugu Hirai | Method for producing feed for dairy cattle |
| JP2006094785A (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-04-13 | Tokai Univ | Method for rearing livestock and laying hen |
| JP5139585B1 (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2013-02-06 | 日本配合飼料株式会社 | Calf feed |
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| JP2019135974A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-22 | 太陽油脂株式会社 | Vegetable oil saponified composition |
| JP7093193B2 (en) | 2018-02-09 | 2022-06-29 | 太陽油脂株式会社 | Vegetable oil saponified composition |
| JP2020048509A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-02 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Molded feed for ruminants and methods for producing the same |
| JP7119843B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2022-08-17 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Molded feed for ruminants and method for producing molded feed for ruminants |
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