JP2018008843A - Solid electrolyte, all-solid battery and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Solid electrolyte, all-solid battery and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP2018008843A
JP2018008843A JP2016138122A JP2016138122A JP2018008843A JP 2018008843 A JP2018008843 A JP 2018008843A JP 2016138122 A JP2016138122 A JP 2016138122A JP 2016138122 A JP2016138122 A JP 2016138122A JP 2018008843 A JP2018008843 A JP 2018008843A
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solid electrolyte
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electrolyte
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JP6840946B2 (en
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敦史 飯島
Atsushi Iijima
敦史 飯島
誠之 廣岡
Masayuki Hirooka
誠之 廣岡
孝博 山木
Takahiro Yamaki
孝博 山木
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Showa Denko Materials Co Ltd
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Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solid electrolyte that has a high ion conductivity, an all-solid battery that uses a solid electrolyte, and a manufacturing method thereof.SOLUTION: Provided is a solid electrolyte having a garnet structure comprising Li, La, Zr and Al, in which the solid electrolyte is represented by LiAlLaZrAO(A is one or more element selected from Nb, Ta and Te, 0.1≤x≤0.5, 0.1≤y≤0.13), and in the X-ray pole figure method, the X-ray intensity distribution of Miller indexes (420) and (400) of the solid electrolyte in the pole figure shows a maximum intensity in the range of α angle of 70° to 90°, and the crystallite size of the solid electrolyte is 1300 Å or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

本発明は、固体電解質、全固体電池、およびそれらの製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a solid electrolyte, an all-solid battery, and a manufacturing method thereof.

近年、高エネルギー密度を有する二次電池としてリチウムイオン電池が注目されており、ノートパソコンや携帯電話、ハイブリッド自動車用などのリチウムイオン電池が幅広く普及している。しかしながら、現在実用化されているリチウムイオン電池は、その多くが電解質に可燃性の有機系電解液を使用しているため、過熱等による発火の可能性が指摘されている。また、リチウムイオン電池の充放電を繰り返すことでデンドライトが成長する恐れがある。   In recent years, lithium ion batteries have attracted attention as secondary batteries having a high energy density, and lithium ion batteries for notebook computers, mobile phones, hybrid vehicles, and the like are widely used. However, since many of the lithium ion batteries currently in practical use use a flammable organic electrolyte as an electrolyte, the possibility of ignition due to overheating or the like has been pointed out. Moreover, there is a possibility that dendrites grow by repeatedly charging and discharging the lithium ion battery.

そこで、有機系電解液を使用しない全固体リチウムイオン電池の開発が進められている。全固体リチウムイオン電池は、電解液の代わりに固体電解質を用いており、単電池ユニットを直列に積層させることができるため、高エネルギー密度化、高出力化の可能性を有する高安全・高耐熱な二次電池として期待されている。   Therefore, development of an all-solid-state lithium ion battery that does not use an organic electrolyte is underway. All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries use a solid electrolyte instead of an electrolyte solution, and single battery units can be stacked in series, so there is a possibility of higher energy density and higher output. It is expected as a secondary battery.

固体電解質は、大きく硫化物系と酸化物系に大別される。硫化物系電解質は、硫黄の原子半径が大きく、かつ、分極率が高いことから、リチウム伝導に適している。また、外部圧力によって変形しやすく、電池製造時の圧縮によって電解質と電極活物質間の接触面積を高めることができる。しかしながら、硫化物系電解質は、大気中で非常に不安定であり、水分吸収により分解し有毒ガスである硫化水素を発生させるなど、更なる課題を有する。   Solid electrolytes are roughly divided into sulfide and oxide systems. A sulfide-based electrolyte is suitable for lithium conduction because of its large atomic radius of sulfur and high polarizability. Moreover, it is easy to deform | transform with an external pressure and the contact area between electrolyte and an electrode active material can be raised by compression at the time of battery manufacture. However, sulfide-based electrolytes are very unstable in the atmosphere and have further problems such as decomposition by moisture absorption and generation of toxic gas, hydrogen sulfide.

一方、酸化物系電解質は大気中でも安定であり、耐熱性に優れることから、安全性が高い。加えて、緻密な酸化物系固体電解質とすることで、リチウムイオン電池のデンドライトによる短絡を防止することができる。しかし、電解質粒子内のリチウムイオン伝導が低いことと、電解質粒子間のイオン伝導の抵抗が高いことが課題となっている。その結果、電池の抵抗上昇により、出力特性、レート特性が低下する。   On the other hand, an oxide-based electrolyte is stable in the air and has high heat resistance, and thus has high safety. In addition, by using a dense oxide-based solid electrolyte, it is possible to prevent a short circuit due to a dendrite of a lithium ion battery. However, low lithium ion conduction in the electrolyte particles and high resistance of ion conduction between the electrolyte particles are problems. As a result, the output characteristics and rate characteristics are reduced due to the increase in resistance of the battery.

特許文献1では、Li、La、Zr、Nb及び/又はTa、並びにOを含有し、ガーネット型又はガーネット型類似の結晶構造を有するセラミックス材料が開示されている。   Patent Document 1 discloses a ceramic material containing Li, La, Zr, Nb and / or Ta, and O, and having a garnet-type or garnet-like crystal structure.

特開2011−73962号公報JP 2011-73962 A

特許文献1ではLLZ系セラミックスにおいて、Zrの一部をニオブ(Nb)及び/又はタンタル(Ta)で置換することで、良好なLiイオン伝導度が得られるとされている。しかしながら、そのリチウムイオン伝導度は室温で10−4S/cmオーダーであり、電解液と同等のリチウムイオン伝導度とするためには、更なる改善が必要である。 In Patent Document 1, it is said that good Li ion conductivity can be obtained by substituting a part of Zr with niobium (Nb) and / or tantalum (Ta) in LLZ ceramics. However, the lithium ion conductivity is on the order of 10 −4 S / cm at room temperature, and further improvement is necessary to obtain a lithium ion conductivity equivalent to that of the electrolytic solution.

本発明は、イオン伝導度の高い固体電解質、その固体電解質を用いた全固体電池、およびそれらの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of this invention is to provide the solid electrolyte with high ion conductivity, the all-solid-state battery using the solid electrolyte, and those manufacturing methods.

上記課題を解決するための本発明の特徴は、例えば以下の通りである。   The features of the present invention for solving the above problems are as follows, for example.

Li、La、Zr、Alを含むガーネット構造を有する固体電解質であって、固体電解質は、Li7−x−3yAlLaZr2−x12(AはNb、Ta、Teより選ばれた1種類以上の元素、0.1≦x≦0.5、0.1≦y≦0.13)で表され、X線極点図法において、固体電解質のミラー指数(420)および(400)の極点図におけるX線強度分布が、α角70°〜90°の範囲に最大強度を示し、固体電解質の結晶子サイズが1300Å以上である固体電解質。 Li, La, Zr, a solid electrolyte having a garnet structure containing Al, solid electrolyte, Li 7-x-3y Al y La 3 Zr 2-x A x O 12 (A is Nb, Ta, from Te One or more selected elements, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.5, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.13). In the X-ray pole figure method, the Miller index (420) and (400 The solid electrolyte in which the X-ray intensity distribution in the pole figure of) shows the maximum intensity in the range of an α angle of 70 ° to 90 ° and the crystallite size of the solid electrolyte is 1300 mm or more.

本発明によれば、イオン伝導度の高い固体電解質、その固体電解質を用いた全固体電池、およびそれらの製造方法を提供できる。上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity, the all-solid-state battery using the solid electrolyte, and those manufacturing methods can be provided. Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.

全固体電池の単セルの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the single cell of an all-solid-state battery. 積層型全固体電池の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a laminated type all-solid-state battery.

以下、図面等を用いて、本発明の実施形態について説明する。以下の説明は本発明の内容の具体例を示すものであり、本発明がこれらの説明に限定されるものではなく、本明細書に開示される技術的思想の範囲内において当業者による様々な変更および修正が可能である。また、本発明を説明するための全図において、同一の機能を有するものは、同一の符号を付け、その繰り返しの説明は省略する場合がある。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following description shows specific examples of the contents of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these descriptions. Various modifications by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the technical idea disclosed in this specification. Changes and modifications are possible. In all the drawings for explaining the present invention, components having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and repeated description thereof may be omitted.

[固体電解質1]
固体電解質1はイオン伝導性を有するため、正極合材層2と負極合材層3の間に配置され、正極合材層2と負極合材層3との間でリチウムイオンの伝導を担う。
[Solid electrolyte 1]
Since the solid electrolyte 1 has ionic conductivity, the solid electrolyte 1 is disposed between the positive electrode mixture layer 2 and the negative electrode mixture layer 3, and conducts lithium ions between the positive electrode mixture layer 2 and the negative electrode mixture layer 3.

固体電解質1は、Li、La、Zr、Alを含むガーネット構造を有している酸化物焼結体である。酸化物焼結体は、高分子材料からなる電解質に比べて硬質であるため、充放電時のデンドライトによる貫通を防止できる。   The solid electrolyte 1 is an oxide sintered body having a garnet structure containing Li, La, Zr, and Al. Since the oxide sintered body is harder than an electrolyte made of a polymer material, penetration by dendrites during charging and discharging can be prevented.

固体電解質1を構成する酸化物焼結体は、Li、La、Zr及びOである主要構成元素と、Al、Nb、Ta、Teとを含んでなるガーネット型の結晶からなる。Nb、Ta、Teは5価または6価の元素としてZrサイトに置換することで固体電解質中のLi量が低減される。この元素置換量を調整して固体電解質中のLi量を適正値とすることで、リチウムイオン伝導度が向上される。また、Nb及びTaの組み合わせ、Nb及びTeの組み合わせ、Ta及びTeの組み合わせのいずれでZrサイトを置換しても同様の効果が得られる。元素置換量は、Li7−x−3yAlLa(Zr2−x、A)O12(式中、AはNb、Ta、Teより選ばれた1種類以上の元素)において、0.1≦x≦0.5、0.1≦y≦0.13であることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.15≦x≦0.4である。このような範囲であるとイオン伝導度が特に向上する。 The oxide sintered body constituting the solid electrolyte 1 is made of a garnet-type crystal containing main constituent elements such as Li, La, Zr and O, and Al, Nb, Ta and Te. By replacing Nb, Ta, and Te with Zr sites as pentavalent or hexavalent elements, the amount of Li in the solid electrolyte is reduced. Lithium ion conductivity is improved by adjusting this element substitution amount and setting the amount of Li in the solid electrolyte to an appropriate value. Further, the same effect can be obtained by replacing the Zr site with any of the combination of Nb and Ta, the combination of Nb and Te, and the combination of Ta and Te. The amount of element substitution is 0 in Li 7-x-3y Al y La 3 (Zr 2-x , A X ) O 12 (wherein A is one or more elements selected from Nb, Ta, Te). 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.5 and 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.13 are preferable. More preferably, 0.15 ≦ x ≦ 0.4. In such a range, the ionic conductivity is particularly improved.

固体電解質1は、Alを含むのが好ましい。Alは、LLZを緻密性の高い焼結体として得る上で有効な元素であり、リチウムイオン伝導度も向上させる。Alの含有量は、LLZの基本特性を損なうことなく密度及びリチウムイオン伝導度を改善できる量が好ましく、Li7−x−3yAlLa(Zr2−x、A)O12(式中、AはNb、Ta、Teより選ばれた1種類以上の元素)において、0.1≦y≦0.13であることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.1≦y≦0.12である。また、Al含有量はy=0.13を大きく超えると気孔の残留により密度が低下し、LLZのリチウムイオン伝導度が低下する傾向にある。Alを添加することにより、セラミックス材料の課題である焼成ムラ、クラック、空孔等の欠陥を抑制することができ、緻密なLLZを得ることができる。本発明の一実施形態における固体電解質1において、Alは、例えば、ICP(誘導結合プラズマ)発光分光分析やEPMA(電子線マイクロアナライザ)等により検出することができ、また、その含有量を決定することができる。 The solid electrolyte 1 preferably contains Al. Al is an element effective in obtaining LLZ as a dense sintered body, and also improves lithium ion conductivity. The content of Al is preferably an amount that can improve the density and lithium ion conductivity without impairing the basic properties of LLZ, and Li 7-x-3y Al y La 3 (Zr 2-x , A X ) O 12 (formula In the formula, A is one or more elements selected from Nb, Ta, and Te), and preferably 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.13. More preferably, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.12. On the other hand, if the Al content greatly exceeds y = 0.13, the density decreases due to the residual pores, and the lithium ion conductivity of LLZ tends to decrease. By adding Al, defects such as firing unevenness, cracks, and vacancies, which are problems of the ceramic material, can be suppressed, and a dense LLZ can be obtained. In the solid electrolyte 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, Al can be detected by, for example, ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission spectroscopic analysis, EPMA (electron beam microanalyzer), etc., and the content thereof is determined. be able to.

本発明の一実施形態におけるセラミックス材料は、4.8g/cm以上の密度を有するのが好ましく、より好ましくは4.85g/cm、更に好ましくは4.9g/cm以上である。緻密にすることで、高いリチウムイオン伝導度を得ることができることができる上に、薄膜化した場合でも空孔等の欠陥に起因する貫通孔の生成が抑制でき、リチウムデンドライトによる短絡の抑制に効果的である。セラミックス材料の密度は、例えば、材料の重量と体積を測定し算出することができる。例えば円柱状のペレットの場合、重要を測定した後、マイクロメーターにて複数箇所測定して平均値とし、これらの数値から体積を算出して、重量を体積で除することで密度を測定できる。 The ceramic material in one embodiment of the present invention preferably has a density of 4.8 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 4.85 g / cm 3 , and still more preferably 4.9 g / cm 3 or more. By making it dense, high lithium ion conductivity can be obtained, and even when the film is thinned, generation of through holes due to defects such as vacancies can be suppressed, which is effective in suppressing short circuits caused by lithium dendrite. Is. The density of the ceramic material can be calculated, for example, by measuring the weight and volume of the material. For example, in the case of a cylindrical pellet, after measuring the importance, the density can be measured by measuring a plurality of places with a micrometer to obtain an average value, calculating the volume from these numerical values, and dividing the weight by the volume.

固体電解質1は、その結晶構造において、特定の方位に配向性を持たないことが好ましい。特定の方位に配向性を持たないことで、固体電解質中の結晶粒間の粒界拡散が促進され、リチウムイオン伝導度が向上する。逆に、特定の方位に配向性を持つと、その粒界拡散の効果が小さくなり、リチウムイオン伝導度が低下する。例えば、X線極点図法において、固体電解質1のミラー指数(420)および(400)の極点図におけるX線強度分布が、α角70°〜90°の範囲に最大強度を示すことが好ましい。   The solid electrolyte 1 preferably has no orientation in a specific orientation in its crystal structure. By having no orientation in a specific orientation, diffusion of grain boundaries between crystal grains in the solid electrolyte is promoted, and lithium ion conductivity is improved. On the other hand, if there is orientation in a specific orientation, the effect of the grain boundary diffusion is reduced, and the lithium ion conductivity is lowered. For example, in the X-ray pole figure method, it is preferable that the X-ray intensity distribution in the pole figure of the Miller index (420) and (400) of the solid electrolyte 1 shows the maximum intensity in the range of an α angle of 70 ° to 90 °.

さらに、固体電解質中の結晶子サイズが1300Å以上2500Å以下であることが好ましい。より好ましくは1500Å以上である。結晶子が大きいことで、リチウムイオンの伝導パスが長距離化され、リチウムイオン伝導度が向上する。結晶子サイズは、LLZの粉末X線回折チャートにおける(420)面のピークの半値幅からScherrerの式を用いて算出することができる。   Furthermore, the crystallite size in the solid electrolyte is preferably 1300 to 2500 mm. More preferably, it is 1500 mm or more. The large crystallite lengthens the lithium ion conduction path and improves the lithium ion conductivity. The crystallite size can be calculated from the full width at half maximum of the peak on the (420) plane in the LLZ powder X-ray diffraction chart using the Scherrer equation.

次に、固体電解質1の製造方法について述べる。まず、固体電解質1を構成する粉末を、固相法、共沈法、ゾルゲル法などで合成する。この粉末を用いて、焼結体を作製する。   Next, a method for manufacturing the solid electrolyte 1 will be described. First, the powder constituting the solid electrolyte 1 is synthesized by a solid phase method, a coprecipitation method, a sol-gel method, or the like. A sintered body is produced using this powder.

(1)固体電解質1の形成方法は以下に示す方法が挙げられる。   (1) Examples of the method for forming the solid electrolyte 1 include the following methods.

(1−1)固体電解質粉末を一軸成型器などでペレットやシート状に成型する。成型体を焼成する。成型体をCIP(冷間静水圧成形法)、ホットプレスなどで加圧することで、緻密な焼結体を得ることができる。   (1-1) The solid electrolyte powder is molded into a pellet or a sheet using a uniaxial molding machine or the like. The molded body is fired. A dense sintered body can be obtained by pressing the molded body with CIP (cold isostatic pressing), hot pressing, or the like.

(1−2)有機溶剤または水を用いて固体電解質粉末のスラリを作製する。必要に応じて、バインダ、可塑剤、分散剤を加えてもよい。ドクターブレードを用いたり、スクリーン印刷を行ったりしてスラリを成型する。成型後、乾燥し、焼成する。成型体をCIP、ホットプレスなどで加圧してから焼成してもよい。   (1-2) A solid electrolyte powder slurry is prepared using an organic solvent or water. You may add a binder, a plasticizer, and a dispersing agent as needed. Slurry is formed using a doctor blade or screen printing. After molding, it is dried and fired. The molded body may be fired after being pressed by CIP, hot press or the like.

固体電解質1の作製に用いる粉末の粒径は、1次粒子の平均粒径が0.1μm以上1μm以下であり、2次粒子の平均粒径が2μm以上100μm以下であることが好ましい。1次粒子は、より好ましくは700nm以下であり、さらに好ましくは500nm以下である。2次粒子は、より好ましくは50μm以下であり、さらに好ましくは20μm以下である。このような粒径の粉末を用いることで、固体電解質の緻密性をさらに高めることができる。例えば、ボールミルやスプレードライの処理によって、粉末を2次粒子とすることができる。   As for the particle size of the powder used for the production of the solid electrolyte 1, the average particle size of the primary particles is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 1 μm or less, and the average particle size of the secondary particles is preferably 2 μm or more and 100 μm or less. The primary particles are more preferably 700 nm or less, and even more preferably 500 nm or less. The secondary particles are more preferably 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 20 μm or less. By using the powder having such a particle size, the density of the solid electrolyte can be further enhanced. For example, the powder can be made into secondary particles by a ball mill or spray drying treatment.

[単セル10]
単セル10は、図1に示すように、固体電解質1と、固体電解質を挟んで相対する位置に配置された正極合材層2および負極合材層3とを有する。固体電解質1と負極合材層3との間および固体電解質1と正極合材層2との間の少なくとも一方に電解液を介在させてもよい。
[Single cell 10]
As shown in FIG. 1, the unit cell 10 includes a solid electrolyte 1, and a positive electrode mixture layer 2 and a negative electrode mixture layer 3 disposed at positions facing each other with the solid electrolyte interposed therebetween. An electrolytic solution may be interposed between at least one of the solid electrolyte 1 and the negative electrode mixture layer 3 and between the solid electrolyte 1 and the positive electrode mixture layer 2.

正極合材層2に含有される正極活物質としては、リン酸マンガンリチウム(LiMnPO)、リン酸鉄リチウム(LiFePO)、リン酸鉄コバルト(LiCoPO)等のオリビン型や、コバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO)、二酸化マンガン(III)リチウム(LiMnO)、LiNiCoMnのように表される(式中、0≦x≦1、0≦y≦1、0≦z≦1、x+y+z=1である。)三元系酸化物等の層状型や、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn)等のスピネル型や、リン酸バナジウム(Li(PO)等のポリアニオン型等のリチウム遷移金属化合物を用いることができる。 Examples of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer 2 include olivine types such as lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), and iron iron cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO 4 ), and lithium cobalt oxide. (LiCoO 2 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), manganese dioxide (III) lithium (LiMnO 2 ), LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 (where 0 ≦ x ≦ 1, 0 ≦ y ≦ 1, 0 ≦ z ≦ 1, and x + y + z = 1.) Layered type such as ternary oxide, spinel type such as lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), vanadium phosphate (Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ) and other polyanion type lithium transition metal compounds can be used.

負極合材層3に含有させる負極活物質としては、チタン酸リチウム(LiTi12)等のリチウム遷移金属酸化物を用いることができる。また、その他、TiSi、LaNiSn等の合金や、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン、グラファイト等の炭素材料や、リチウム、インジウム、アルミニウム、スズ、ケイ素等の単体もしくはこれらを含む合金等を用いることができる。 As the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 3, a lithium transition metal oxide such as lithium titanate (Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 ) can be used. In addition, alloys such as TiSi, La 3 Ni 2 Sn 7 , carbon materials such as hard carbon, soft carbon, and graphite, simple substances such as lithium, indium, aluminum, tin, and silicon, or alloys containing these are used. be able to.

[積層型全固体電池100]
図2に積層型全固体電池の断面図を示す。積層型全固体電池としてリチウムイオン二次電池等が挙げられる。本発明の固体電解質を電池に適用する上で、積層型全固体電池以外に単層型全固体電池としてもよい。
[Multilayer All Solid Battery 100]
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a stacked all-solid battery. Examples of the laminated all solid battery include a lithium ion secondary battery. In applying the solid electrolyte of the present invention to a battery, a single-layer all-solid battery may be used in addition to the stacked all-solid battery.

正極合材層2と負極合材層3は、正極集電箔5、負極集電箔6を介して充放電が進行する。積層された単セル10がインターコネクタ4によって直列につながれている。本発明の固体電解質を用いることで、より抵抗の低い積層型全固体電池を提供できる。インターコネクタ4には、電子伝導性が高いこと、イオン伝導性がないこと、負極合材層3と正極合材層2に接触する面がそれぞれの電位によって酸化還元反応を示さないこと、などが挙げられる。インターコネクタ4に用いることにできる材料としては、正極集電箔5および負極集電箔6に用いることのできる材料を含む。具体的には、アルミニウム箔やSUS箔を挙げることができる。または、正極集電箔5と負極集電箔6とをクラッド成型および電子伝導性スラリーで貼り合わせることもできる。   The positive electrode mixture layer 2 and the negative electrode mixture layer 3 are charged and discharged through the positive electrode current collector foil 5 and the negative electrode current collector foil 6. The stacked unit cells 10 are connected in series by the interconnector 4. By using the solid electrolyte of the present invention, a laminated all-solid battery with lower resistance can be provided. The interconnector 4 has high electron conductivity, no ionic conductivity, and the surface in contact with the negative electrode mixture layer 3 and the positive electrode mixture layer 2 does not exhibit a redox reaction depending on the respective potentials. Can be mentioned. Materials that can be used for the interconnector 4 include materials that can be used for the positive electrode current collector foil 5 and the negative electrode current collector foil 6. Specific examples include aluminum foil and SUS foil. Alternatively, the positive electrode current collector foil 5 and the negative electrode current collector foil 6 can be bonded together by clad molding and electron conductive slurry.

固体電解質1と負極合材層3との間および固体電解質1と正極合材層2との間の少なくとも一方に介在させる電解液として、有機電解液やイオン液体を用いることができる。電解質化合物としては、CFSOLi、CSOLiなどのフルオロアルキルスルホン酸リチウム塩、(CFSONLi等のスルホニルイミドリチウム塩、LiBF、LiPF、LiClO、LiAsFが挙げられる。これらの電解質化合物を溶解する溶媒としては、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート等のカーボネート化合物、テトラヒドロフラン、ジメトキシエタン、ジグライム、テトラグライム、オリゴエチレンオキシド等のエーテル化合物、ブチロラクトン、プロピロラクトン等のラクトン化合物、アセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル等のニトリル化合物等を挙げることができる。 As the electrolytic solution interposed between the solid electrolyte 1 and the negative electrode mixture layer 3 and at least one of the solid electrolyte 1 and the positive electrode mixture layer 2, an organic electrolytic solution or an ionic liquid can be used. Examples of the electrolyte compound include lithium alkyl fluorosulfonates such as CF 3 SO 3 Li and C 4 F 9 SO 3 Li, sulfonylimide lithium salts such as (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 NLi, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , and LiClO 4. , LiAsF 6, and the like. Solvents for dissolving these electrolyte compounds include carbonate compounds such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, and ethyl methyl carbonate, ether compounds such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, diglyme, tetraglyme, oligoethylene oxide, butyrolactone, Examples include lactone compounds such as propyrolactone, and nitrile compounds such as acetonitrile and propionitrile.

[積層型全固体電池の作製方法]
積層型全固体電池は例えば以下のようにして作製できる。
[Production method of stacked all-solid battery]
A laminated all solid battery can be produced, for example, as follows.

正極活物質であるLiFePO粉末と、正極合材層2内でのリチウムイオン伝導体であるLi1.5Al0.5Ti1.5(PO粉末(LATP)と、導電材であるケッチェンブラックとを混合し、バインダのポリフッ化ビニリデンを加え、これをN−メチル−2−ピロリドンに投入し、粘度調整して正極ペーストを得る。各成分は、重量比率で正極活物質:LATP:導電材:バインダで、72:20:5:3とする。アルミニウム箔の正極集電箔5の上に正極ペーストを塗布し、100℃、30分の熱処理に供した後、打ち抜くことで正極を得た。 LiFePO 4 powder as a positive electrode active material, Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ti 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 powder (LATP) as a lithium ion conductor in the positive electrode mixture layer 2, and a conductive material A certain ketjen black is mixed, polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder is added, this is added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and the viscosity is adjusted to obtain a positive electrode paste. Each component is 72: 20: 5: 3 in a weight ratio of positive electrode active material: LATP: conductive material: binder. A positive electrode paste was applied on the positive electrode current collector foil 5 made of aluminum foil, subjected to a heat treatment at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then punched to obtain a positive electrode.

負極合材層3であるリチウム箔と負極集電箔6である銅箔とを圧着させて打ち抜くことで負極を作製する。   A lithium foil as the negative electrode mixture layer 3 and a copper foil as the negative electrode current collector foil 6 are pressed and punched out to produce a negative electrode.

上記のようにして得られる正極、負極、および固体電解質、を重ね、図2に示すような積層型全固体電池とする。さらに、固体電解質と正極との間および固体電解質と負極との間に1MのLiPFを含み、エチレンカーボネート:ジメチルカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネートが体積比率で2:4:4である電解液を介在させる。 The positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the solid electrolyte obtained as described above are stacked to obtain a laminated all solid battery as shown in FIG. Further, an electrolyte containing 1M LiPF 6 and having a volume ratio of ethylene carbonate: dimethyl carbonate: ethyl methyl carbonate of 2: 4: 4 is interposed between the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode and between the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode. .

以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。本実施例の結果を表1にまとめた。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated further more concretely, this invention is not limited to these Examples. The results of this example are summarized in Table 1.

[固体電解質の作製]
固体電解質を作製するにあたり、原料としてLiCO、La(OH)、ZrO、Nbを使用し、仕込み比率はLi6.75LaZr1.75Nb0.2512の量論組成比よりリチウムを10%過剰とした組成(モル比でLi:La:Zr:Nb=7.43:3:1.75:0.25)となるように秤量した。均一に混合した後、950℃で12時間仮焼成することでLLZ粉末を得た。得られたLLZ粉末をボールミルにより処理することで、平均粒径7μmの2次粒子とした。これにAlを1wt%加え、φ10mmの一軸成型機にて圧縮成型し、さらに180MPaでCIP成型した。成型体を大気中にて1100℃で36時間焼成することで固体電解質を得た。
[Production of solid electrolyte]
In producing the solid electrolyte, Li 2 CO 3 , La (OH) 3 , ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 are used as raw materials, and the charging ratio is Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12. The composition was weighed so that the lithium composition was 10% excess from the stoichiometric composition ratio (Li: La: Zr: Nb = 7.43: 3: 1.75: 0.25 in molar ratio). After uniformly mixing, LLZ powder was obtained by calcination at 950 ° C. for 12 hours. The obtained LLZ powder was treated with a ball mill to obtain secondary particles having an average particle diameter of 7 μm. 1 wt% of Al 2 O 3 was added to this, compression molded with a uniaxial molding machine of φ10 mm, and further CIP molded at 180 MPa. The molded body was fired at 1100 ° C. for 36 hours in the air to obtain a solid electrolyte.

[密度評価]
作製した固体電解質の重量を測定した後、マイクロメーターにて複数箇所測定して平均値とし、これらの数値から体積を算出して、重量を体積で除することで密度を算出した。固体電解質の密度は4.95g/cmであった。
[Density evaluation]
After measuring the weight of the prepared solid electrolyte, a plurality of places were measured with a micrometer to obtain an average value, the volume was calculated from these numerical values, and the density was calculated by dividing the weight by the volume. The density of the solid electrolyte was 4.95 g / cm 3 .

[Al組成評価]
ICP(誘導結合プラズマ)発光分光分析によりLi、La、Zr、Nb、Alを検出し、Laのモル比を3として、Alの含有量を決定した。固体電解質におけるAlの含有量は0.12であった。
[Al composition evaluation]
Li, La, Zr, Nb, and Al were detected by ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission spectroscopic analysis, and the Al content was determined with the molar ratio of La being 3. The content of Al in the solid electrolyte was 0.12.

[極点図測定]
シュルツ反射法により、α角範囲:15°≦α≦90°、αステップ:5°/step、β角範囲:0°≦β≦360°、βステップ:5°/step、積算時間10secで測定した。X線源はCuを用い、出力50kV−250mAで測定した。固体電解質の極点図測定において、ミラー指数(420)および(400)の極点図におけるX線強度分布が、α角70°〜90°の範囲に最大強度を示した。
[Pole figure measurement]
Measured by Schulz reflection method with α angle range: 15 ° ≦ α ≦ 90 °, α step: 5 ° / step, β angle range: 0 ° ≦ β ≦ 360 °, β step: 5 ° / step, integration time 10 sec. did. The X-ray source was Cu, and measurement was performed at an output of 50 kV-250 mA. In the pole figure measurement of the solid electrolyte, the X-ray intensity distribution in the pole figure of the Miller indices (420) and (400) showed the maximum intensity in the range of an α angle of 70 ° to 90 °.

[結晶子サイズ評価]
X線回折装置(Rigaku製RINT UltimaIII)を用い、出力1.34kW、発散スリット1/2°、散乱スリット1/2°、受光スリット0.30mmにて、X線源としてCuKα線を用いて2θ=15−70°の範囲で測定した。得られたX線回折チャートのミラー指数(420)のピークの半値幅を算出し、Scherrerの式を用いて結晶子サイズを算出した。その際、波長λ=1.5418、形状因子K=0.9を用いた。固体電解質の結晶子サイズは1680Åであった。
[Evaluation of crystallite size]
Using an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku RINT Ultimate III) with an output of 1.34 kW, a diverging slit of 1/2 °, a scattering slit of 1/2 °, and a receiving slit of 0.30 mm, 2θ using CuKα rays as an X-ray source Measured in the range of = 15-70 °. The half width of the peak of the Miller index (420) of the obtained X-ray diffraction chart was calculated, and the crystallite size was calculated using Scherrer's formula. At that time, a wavelength λ = 1.5418 and a shape factor K = 0.9 were used. The crystallite size of the solid electrolyte was 1680cm.

[リチウムイオン伝導度評価]
固体電解質の両面にAuをスパッタし、両側からインジウム箔で挟むことで、イオン伝導度評価用電極を形成した。電気化学測定システムを用いて周波数:1MHz〜0.1Hz、電圧:10mVにて室温での交流インピーダンスを測定した。得られたコールコールプロットより固体電解質の抵抗成分を取り出し、リチウムイオン伝導度を算出した。固体電解質のイオン伝導度は1×10−3[S/cm]であった。
[Lithium ion conductivity evaluation]
An electrode for evaluating ionic conductivity was formed by sputtering Au on both sides of the solid electrolyte and sandwiching it with indium foil from both sides. AC impedance at room temperature was measured at a frequency of 1 MHz to 0.1 Hz and a voltage of 10 mV using an electrochemical measurement system. The resistance component of the solid electrolyte was taken out from the obtained Cole-Cole plot, and the lithium ion conductivity was calculated. The ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte was 1 × 10 −3 [S / cm].

[固体電解質の作製]
固体電解質を作製するにあたり、原料としてLiCO、La(OH)、ZrO、Nbを使用し、仕込比率はLi6.75LaZr1.75Nb0.2512の量論組成比よりリチウムを10%過剰とした組成(モル比でLi:La:Zr:Nb=7.43:3:1.75:0.25)となるように秤量した。均一に混合した後、950℃で12時間仮焼成することでLLZ粉末を得た。得られたLLZ粉末をボールミルにより処理することで、平均粒径7μmの2次粒子とした。これにAlを0.5wt%加え、φ10mmの一軸成型機にて圧縮成型し、さらに180MPaでCIP成型した。成型体を大気中にて1100℃で36時間焼成することで固体電解質を得た。
[Production of solid electrolyte]
In producing the solid electrolyte, Li 2 CO 3 , La (OH) 3 , ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 are used as raw materials, and the charging ratio is Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12. The composition was weighed so that the lithium composition was 10% excess from the stoichiometric composition ratio (Li: La: Zr: Nb = 7.43: 3: 1.75: 0.25 in molar ratio). After uniformly mixing, LLZ powder was obtained by calcination at 950 ° C. for 12 hours. The obtained LLZ powder was treated with a ball mill to obtain secondary particles having an average particle diameter of 7 μm. 0.5 wt% of Al 2 O 3 was added to this, compression molded with a uniaxial molding machine of φ10 mm, and further CIP molded at 180 MPa. The molded body was fired at 1100 ° C. for 36 hours in the air to obtain a solid electrolyte.

評価、測定方法は実施例1と同様である。固体電解質の密度は4.85g/cmであった。固体電解質におけるAlの含有量は0.10であった。固体電解質の極点図測定において、ミラー指数(420)および(400)の極点図におけるX線強度分布が、α角70°〜90°の範囲に最大強度を示した。固体電解質の結晶子サイズは1360Åであった。固体電解質のイオン伝導度は0.9×10−3[S/cm]であった。 Evaluation and measurement methods are the same as those in Example 1. The density of the solid electrolyte was 4.85 g / cm 3 . The content of Al in the solid electrolyte was 0.10. In the pole figure measurement of the solid electrolyte, the X-ray intensity distribution in the pole figure of the Miller indices (420) and (400) showed the maximum intensity in the range of an α angle of 70 ° to 90 °. The crystallite size of the solid electrolyte was 1360 mm. The ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte was 0.9 × 10 −3 [S / cm].

(比較例1)
[固体電解質の作製]
固体電解質を作製するにあたり、原料としてLiCO、La(OH)、ZrO、Nbを使用し、仕込比率はLi6.75LaZr1.75Nb0.2512の量論組成比よりリチウムを10%過剰とした組成(モル比でLi:La:Zr:Nb=7.43:3:1.75:0.25)となるように秤量した。均一に混合した後、950℃で12時間仮焼成することでLLZ粉末を得た。得られたLLZ粉末をボールミルにより粉砕することで、平均粒径300nmの1次粒子とした。これにAlを1wt%加え、φ10mmの一軸成型機にて圧縮成型し、さらに180MPaでCIP成型した。成型体を大気中にて1100℃で36時間焼成することで固体電解質を得た。
(Comparative Example 1)
[Production of solid electrolyte]
In producing the solid electrolyte, Li 2 CO 3 , La (OH) 3 , ZrO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 are used as raw materials, and the charging ratio is Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12. The composition was weighed so that the lithium composition was 10% excess from the stoichiometric composition ratio (Li: La: Zr: Nb = 7.43: 3: 1.75: 0.25 in molar ratio). After uniformly mixing, LLZ powder was obtained by calcination at 950 ° C. for 12 hours. The obtained LLZ powder was pulverized by a ball mill to obtain primary particles having an average particle diameter of 300 nm. 1 wt% of Al 2 O 3 was added to this, compression molded with a uniaxial molding machine of φ10 mm, and further CIP molded at 180 MPa. The molded body was fired at 1100 ° C. for 36 hours in the air to obtain a solid electrolyte.

評価、測定方法は実施例1と同様である。固体電解質の密度は4.34g/cmであった。固体電解質におけるAlの含有量は0.12であった。固体電解質の極点図測定において、ミラー指数(420)および(400)の極点図におけるX線強度分布が、α角70°〜90°の範囲に最大強度を示さなかった。固体電解質の結晶子サイズは1120Åであった。固体電解質のイオン伝導度は0.9×10−4[S/cm]であった。 Evaluation and measurement methods are the same as those in Example 1. The density of the solid electrolyte was 4.34 g / cm 3 . The content of Al in the solid electrolyte was 0.12. In the pole figure measurement of the solid electrolyte, the X-ray intensity distribution in the pole figure of Miller indices (420) and (400) did not show the maximum intensity in the range of α angle of 70 ° to 90 °. The crystallite size of the solid electrolyte was 1120 mm. The ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte was 0.9 × 10 −4 [S / cm].

表1に、実施例1、実施例2、および比較例1の密度とAl組成、結晶子サイズ、リチウムイオン伝導度を示す。実施例1、実施例2の固体電解質のリチウムイオン伝導度は0.9×10−3S/cm以上となっており、比較例1の固体電解質に比べて、リチウムイオン伝導度が高かった。 Table 1 shows the density, Al composition, crystallite size, and lithium ion conductivity of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Example 1. The lithium ion conductivity of the solid electrolytes of Example 1 and Example 2 was 0.9 × 10 −3 S / cm or higher, and the lithium ion conductivity was higher than that of the solid electrolyte of Comparative Example 1.

Figure 2018008843
Figure 2018008843

1 固体電解質
2 正極合材層
3 負極合材層
4 インターコネクタ
5 正極集電箔
6 負極集電箔
10 単セル
100 積層型全固体電池
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solid electrolyte 2 Positive electrode compound material layer 3 Negative electrode compound material layer 4 Interconnector 5 Positive electrode current collection foil 6 Negative electrode current collection foil 10 Single cell 100 Multilayer solid-state battery

Claims (5)

Li、La、Zr、Alを含むガーネット構造を有する固体電解質であって、
前記固体電解質は、Li7−x−3yAlLaZr2−x12(AはNb、Ta、Teより選ばれた1種類以上の元素、0.1≦x≦0.5、0.1≦y≦0.13)で表され、
X線極点図法において、前記固体電解質のミラー指数(420)および(400)の極点図におけるX線強度分布が、α角70°〜90°の範囲に最大強度を示し、
前記固体電解質の結晶子サイズが1300Åである固体電解質。
A solid electrolyte having a garnet structure containing Li, La, Zr, and Al,
The solid electrolyte, Li 7-x-3y Al y La 3 Zr 2-x A x O 12 (A is one or more elements selected Nb, Ta, from Te, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.5 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.13),
In the X-ray pole figure method, the X-ray intensity distribution in the pole figure of the Miller index (420) and (400) of the solid electrolyte shows the maximum intensity in the range of an α angle of 70 ° to 90 °,
A solid electrolyte having a crystallite size of 1300 mm.
請求項1の固体電解質において、
前記固体電解質の密度は4.8g/cm以上である固体電解質。
The solid electrolyte of claim 1,
The solid electrolyte has a density of 4.8 g / cm 3 or more.
請求項1の固体電解質と、前記固体電解質を挟んで相対する位置に配置された正極および負極とを有する全固体電池であって、
前記固体電解質と前記負極との間および前記固体電解質と前記正極との間の少なくとも一方に電解液が介在している全固体電池。
An all-solid battery comprising: the solid electrolyte of claim 1; and a positive electrode and a negative electrode disposed at positions facing each other with the solid electrolyte interposed therebetween,
An all-solid battery in which an electrolyte is interposed between at least one of the solid electrolyte and the negative electrode and between the solid electrolyte and the positive electrode.
請求項3の全固体電池において、
前記固体電解質のリチウムイオン伝導度は0.9×10−3S/cm以上である全固体電池。
The all-solid-state battery of claim 3,
The all-solid-state battery whose lithium ion conductivity of the said solid electrolyte is 0.9 * 10 < -3 > S / cm or more.
Li、La、Zr、Alを含むガーネット構造を有する固体電解質の製造方法であって、
前記固体電解質は、Li7−x−3yAlLaZr2−x12(AはNb、Ta、Teより選ばれた1種類以上の元素、0.1≦x≦0.5、0.1≦y≦0.13)であらわされ、
X線極点図法において、前記固体電解質のミラー指数(420)および(400)の極点図におけるX線強度分布が、α角70°〜90°の範囲に最大強度を示し、
前記固体電解質の結晶子サイズが1300Å以上であり、
平均粒径1μm以下の1次粒子と、前記1次粒子が凝集することにより形成された平均粒径が100μm以下の2次粒子と、を含む原料粉末を圧粉・焼結する工程を含む固体電解質の製造方法。
A method for producing a solid electrolyte having a garnet structure containing Li, La, Zr, and Al,
The solid electrolyte, Li 7-x-3y Al y La 3 Zr 2-x A x O 12 (A is one or more elements selected Nb, Ta, from Te, 0.1 ≦ x ≦ 0.5 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.13),
In the X-ray pole figure method, the X-ray intensity distribution in the pole figure of the Miller index (420) and (400) of the solid electrolyte shows the maximum intensity in the range of an α angle of 70 ° to 90 °,
The crystallite size of the solid electrolyte is 1300 mm or more,
A solid including a step of compacting and sintering a raw material powder including primary particles having an average particle size of 1 μm or less and secondary particles having an average particle size of 100 μm or less formed by aggregation of the primary particles Manufacturing method of electrolyte.
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