JP2018002534A - Glass laminate and closing member - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a glass laminate having high infrared shield effect.SOLUTION: A glass laminate 10 includes: a first glass pane 1a; a first infrared reflective member 2a having a first metal layer; an intermediate layer 3; a second infrared reflective member 2b having a second metal layer; and a second glass pane 1b, in this order. Each of the first infrared reflective member 1a and the second infrared reflective member 2b has an infrared reflectance of 60% or more. At least one of the first metal layer and a second metal layer is a layer having a metal part and an opening.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present disclosure relates to laminated glass.

  Laminated glass is glass in which an intermediate layer (resin layer) is disposed between two glass plates. By providing the intermediate layer, there is an advantage that, for example, even when the glass is broken, fragments are hardly scattered and safety is high. Moreover, the laminated glass which provided the infrared reflectivity is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a laminated glass in which an infrared shielding structure is sandwiched between two glass plates via a resin layer.

Japanese Patent No. 5644441

  Since the resin used for the intermediate layer easily absorbs infrared rays, most of the infrared rays incident from the glass side are absorbed by the intermediate layer, and the infrared shielding effect may be limited.

  This indication is made | formed in view of the said situation, and makes it a subject to provide the laminated glass which has a high infrared shielding effect.

  In order to solve the above problems, one of the present disclosure includes a first glass plate, a first infrared reflecting member having a first metal layer, an intermediate layer, and a second infrared reflecting member having a second metal layer. A laminated glass comprising a second glass plate in this order is provided.

  Another one of the present disclosure provides a closure member that is disposed in an opening of a structure and has the laminated glass described above.

  The laminated glass of the present disclosure has a high infrared shielding effect.

It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the laminated glass of this indication. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the conventional laminated glass. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the other example of the conventional laminated glass. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the infrared reflective member in this indication. It is a schematic sectional view which illustrates a metal layer in this indication. It is a schematic sectional view which illustrates a metal layer in this indication. It is a schematic sectional view which illustrates a metal layer in this indication. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows an example of the manufacturing method of an inclination metal part. It is a schematic sectional drawing which illustrates the infrared reflective member in this indication. It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the infrared reflective member in this indication. It is a schematic sectional drawing explaining the infrared reflective member in this indication. It is a schematic sectional drawing which illustrates the laminated glass of this indication It is a schematic plan view which illustrates the metal part in this indication. It is a schematic plan view which illustrates the metal part in this indication. It is a mimetic diagram explaining an example of a closure member of this indication. It is a mimetic diagram explaining an example of a closure member of this indication. It is a schematic perspective view explaining the closure member of this indication.

  Hereinafter, the laminated glass and the closing member of the present disclosure will be described in detail.

A. Laminated Glass FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a laminated glass of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, a laminated glass 10 includes a first glass plate 1a, a first infrared reflecting member 2a having a first metal layer, an intermediate layer 3, and a second infrared reflecting member 2b having a second metal layer. And a second glass plate 1b in this order.

  According to this indication, it can be set as the laminated glass which has a high infrared shielding effect by arranging two infrared reflective members on both sides of an intermediate layer. As described above, the resin used for the intermediate layer easily absorbs infrared rays. Therefore, in the case of laminated glass having no infrared reflecting member, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the intermediate layer 3 absorbs infrared rays from the outdoors by the sun 50 and the like, and infrared rays from the inside by the heater 60 and the like. It will take on. In particular, in an environment exposed to many infrared rays, there is a concern that thermal cracking of the intermediate layer occurs.

  Moreover, even when it has an infrared reflective member, as shown, for example in FIG. 3, when the intermediate | middle layer (3a, 3b) is arrange | positioned rather than the infrared reflective member 2 at the glass plate (1a, 1b) side. The intermediate layer 3a absorbs infrared rays from the outside due to the sun 50 or the like, and the intermediate layer 3b absorbs infrared rays from the indoor due to the heater 60 or the like.

On the other hand, in FIG. 1, for example, infrared rays from the outdoors by the sun 50 or the like are reflected (heat shielded) by the first infrared reflecting member 2a, and infrared rays from the indoor by the heater 60 or the like are reflected by the second infrared reflecting member. Reflected (insulated) by 2a. In this way, it is possible to improve heat insulation and heat insulation. Moreover, since the amount of infrared rays absorbed by the intermediate layer is reduced, thermal cracking of the intermediate layer is less likely to occur even in an environment exposed to many infrared rays.
Hereinafter, the laminated glass of the present disclosure will be described for each configuration.

1. Glass plate A glass plate (a 1st glass plate and a 2nd glass plate) is a member which clamps the intermediate | middle layer and infrared rays reflection member which are mentioned later. The material of the glass plate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include inorganic glass, organic glass, and inorganic / organic hybrid glass. Specific examples of the glass plate include soda lime glass and blue plate glass.

  The glass plate preferably has a high visible light transmittance. This is because a laminated glass having good visibility can be obtained. The visible light transmittance of the glass plate is, for example, 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. The visible light transmittance of the glass plate is the transmittance at each wavelength when measured at a measurement wavelength of 380 nm or more and 780 nm or less using a spectrophotometer (“UV-3100PC” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, JISK0115 compliant product). Identified as an average value. Note that part or all of the glass plate may be colored to reduce the visible light transmittance.

  The thickness of the glass plate is, for example, 100 μm or more and 15 mm or less, and preferably 1 mm or more and 5 mm or less.

2. Intermediate layer The intermediate layer is a member sandwiched between the first glass plate and the second glass plate. Although the material of an intermediate | middle layer is not specifically limited, Thermoplastic resins, such as polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA), are mentioned. Further, as the material for the intermediate layer, for example, an acrylic photopolymerization type prepolymer, polyvinyl chloride, or the like can be used.

  The intermediate layer preferably has a high visible light transmittance. This is because a laminated glass having good visibility can be obtained. The visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer is, for example, 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. The method for measuring the visible light transmittance is the same as described above.

  The thickness of the intermediate layer is, for example, 100 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and preferably 300 μm or more and 400 μm or less.

3. Infrared reflecting member The infrared reflecting member (first infrared reflecting member, second infrared reflecting member) is a member having at least a metal layer (first metal layer, second metal layer). Here, FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an infrared reflecting member in the present disclosure. The infrared reflecting member 2 shown in FIG. 4 includes a base material 21, a metal layer 22, and a dielectric layer 23 in this order. In FIG. 4, the base material 21 is bonded to the intermediate layer 3, and the dielectric layer 23 is bonded to the glass plate 1 through the adhesive layer 4.

  The infrared reflecting member preferably has a high visible light transmittance. This is because a laminated glass having good visibility can be obtained. The visible light transmittance of the infrared reflecting member is, for example, 70% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more. The method for measuring the visible light transmittance is the same as described above.

(1) Metal layer A metal layer is a member which provides infrared reflectivity. The material of the metal layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metals such as Ag, Al, Cu, Pd, Au, Pt, Ni, Bi, Ge, and Ga, and alloys containing at least one of these metals. be able to. Among these, silver, silver alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, and copper alloy are preferable. Since these have high free electron density, even if it is a thin film, high infrared reflectivity can be obtained.

  The thickness of the metal layer is, for example, 5 nm or more and 50 nm or less. If the thickness of the metal layer is too small, the infrared reflectivity may decrease, and if the thickness of the metal layer is too large, the visible light transmittance may decrease.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the metal layer 22 may be a layer having no opening (so-called solid layer). In this case, high infrared reflectivity can be obtained. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the metal layer 22 may be a layer having a metal part 221 and an opening 222. By providing the opening 222, an infrared reflecting member having both the property of reflecting the infrared ray A and the property of transmitting the radio wave B can be obtained. The metal parts may be electrically independent or may not be electrically independent, but the former is preferable. This is because radio wave permeability is improved.

  7A and 7B, the metal portion 221 includes a top surface portion 201, a bottom portion 202 that is formed continuously from the top surface portion 201, and has a smaller thickness than the top surface portion 201. It is preferable that it is the inclination metal part which has these. This is because glare can be suppressed. Specifically, what is reflected by the “line” at the end of the metal part is reflected by the “surface” of the tailing part having a large aspect ratio, so that the reflected light can be dispersed. As a result, “glare” due to the end of the metal portion can be reduced. In addition, when the skirt portion is formed, when viewed in plan, it is possible to suppress the conspicuousness of the pattern made of the metal portion at the boundary between the portion with the metal portion and the portion without the metal portion. It becomes difficult to visually recognize the pattern shape. Note that some of the plurality of metal portions formed in the metal layer may be inclined metal portions, or all may be inclined metal portions. The ratio of the inclined metal parts to all the metal parts is, for example, 50% or more, 70% or more, or 90% or more.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, when the maximum value of the thickness of the inclined metal portion is T _MAX , a portion having a thickness of 90% or more of T _MAX is defined as a top surface portion. In particular, the top surface portion preferably has a flat portion at the center. On the other hand, the inclined metal portion has a tailing portion 202 that is formed continuously from the top surface portion 201 and has a smaller thickness than the top surface portion 201. In the skirt portion 202, the thickness usually decreases continuously or discontinuously from the boundary with the top surface portion 201 toward the opposite side. In particular, it is preferable that the thickness decreases continuously or discontinuously to zero. The width of the top surface portion 201 is preferably, for example, 10 μm or more and 5 mm or less. The width of the skirt portion 202 is, for example, 0.1 μm or more, may be 0.2 μm or more, and may be 0.3 μm or more. On the other hand, the width of the skirt portion 202 is, for example, 5 mm or less. In FIG. 7B, the skirt portions 202 are provided on both sides of the top surface portion 201, but the skirt portions 202 may be provided on at least one side of the top surface portion 201.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a manufacturing method of the inclined metal part. In FIG. 8, first, the base material 21 is prepared (FIG. 8A). Next, the metal layer 22 is formed by vapor deposition using the mask 101 (FIG. 8B). At this time, by providing a gap C between the mask 101 and the base material 21 which is a deposition target, the metal wraps around the gap C during film formation, and the inclined metal part having the top surface part 201 and the skirting part 202 is provided. Is obtained (FIG. 8C). Next, a dielectric layer 23 is formed as required (FIG. 8D).

  Further, the metal layer in the infrared reflecting member may be one layer or two or more layers. For example, when the infrared reflecting member has two metal layers, they are referred to as a metal layer x and a metal layer y. In addition, it is preferable that the metal layer x and the metal layer y are laminated | stacked through another layer (for example, dielectric material layer). Moreover, the metal layers x and y in the first infrared reflecting member are referred to as first metal layers x and y, respectively, and the metal layers x and y in the second infrared reflecting member are respectively referred to as second metal layers x and y. Called. Similarly, the inclined metal portions in the first metal layers x and y are referred to as first inclined metal portions x and y, respectively, and the inclined metal portions in the second metal layers x and y are respectively referred to as second inclined metal portions x and y. Called.

  Here, the metal layer 22 shown in FIG. 9 has a metal layer x (22x) and a metal layer y (22y), and these layers are laminated via a dielectric layer 23x. Further, in FIG. 9, the bottom portion 202 in the metal layer x (22x) and the bottom portion 202 in the metal layer y (22y) have an overlapping portion 5 overlapping in plan view. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the color nonuniformity resulting from an overlap part can be suppressed.

For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the width of the overlapping portion 5 where the metal layer x (22x) and the metal layer y (22y) overlap as viewed in plan and _{W 1.} The value of W ₁ is, for example, 0.1μm or more, may also be 0.2μm or more, may be 0.3μm above. On the other hand, the value of _{W 1} is, for example, 5mm or less.

On the other hand, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, the width of the top surface portion 201 in the overlapping portion 5 is W ₂ . In FIG. 10, there are two top surface portions 201 in the overlapping portion 5, and “the width of the top surface portion in the overlapping portion” refers to the width of each top surface portion 201. The value of W ₂ is, for example, 120 μm or less, and preferably 100 μm or less. Since the resolution limit of the human eye is 100 μm, if the value of W ₂ is 100 μm or less, the human eye cannot recognize the overlapping portion. For this reason, when the value of W ₂ is 100 μm or less, it is possible to suppress a decrease in visibility. On the other hand, the value of W ₂ may be 0. That is, the top surface portion does not have to exist in the overlapping portion.

For example, as shown in FIG. 11, the thickness T ₁ of the metal layer x (22x) at the position α of the overlapping portion 5 and the thickness T ₂ of the metal layer y (22y) at the position α of the overlapping portion 5 Let the sum be _TSUM . Although the value of _TSUM varies depending on the thickness measurement position in the overlapping portion, the minimum value is preferably 5 nm or more, for example. When the minimum value of T _SUM is too small, there is a case where the infrared reflective property is lowered.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10 described above, if the top wall 201 is present in the overlapping portion _5, the maximum value of _{T SUM,} the thickness _{T a} of the metal layer x (22x) or a metal layer y (22y) greater than the thickness T _b of. Maximum value of T _SUM is preferably _T sum of _a and _{T b (T} a + _{T b)} less than _{for (T} a + _{T b),} for example, is 0.8 times or less, 0.6 It is preferable that it is less than 2 times.

  Moreover, when an infrared reflective member has two metal layers, it is preferable that the ratio of the transparent area | region in the effective area | region of an infrared reflective member is small. The effective region of the infrared reflecting member refers to a region where the infrared reflecting member exhibits infrared reflectivity in plan view. On the other hand, the transparent region refers to a region where neither the metal layer x nor the metal layer y exists in a plan view in the effective region of the infrared reflecting member. The ratio of the transparent area | region in the effective area | region of an infrared reflective member is 10% or less, for example, it is preferable that it is 5% or less, and it is more preferable that it is 1% or less. In addition, it is preferable that the metal layer x and the metal layer y are alternately arrange | positioned on planar view.

  Moreover, as for the laminated glass 10 shown to Fig.12 (a)-(c), the 1st metal layer 22a and the 2nd metal layer 22b have the 1st inclination metal part 221a and the 2nd inclination metal part 221b, respectively, The bottom part in the 1st inclination metal part 221a and the bottom part in the 2nd inclination metal part 221b have the duplication part which overlaps on planar view. In FIG. 12A, the top surface portion of the inclined metal portions (221a, 221b) is formed on the glass plate (1a, 1b) side, and the bottom surface portion of the inclined metal portions (221a, 221b) is on the intermediate layer 3 side. Is formed. On the other hand, in FIG.12 (b), the top surface part of the inclination metal part (221a, 221b) is formed in the intermediate | middle layer 3 side, and the bottom face part of the inclination metal part (221a, 221b) is a glass plate (1a, 1b). ) Side.

  12C, the top surface portion of the first inclined metal portion 221a is formed on the intermediate layer 3 side, the bottom surface portion of the first inclined metal portion 221a is formed on the first glass plate 1a side, and the second The top surface portion of the inclined metal portion 221b is formed on the second glass plate 1b side, and the bottom surface portion of the second inclined metal portion 221b is formed on the intermediate layer 3 side. By having such a configuration, for example, it is possible to provide a laminated glass that is difficult to visually recognize indoors from the outside and easily visually recognizes the outdoors from the indoor. The skirt has a feature that glare is relatively large when viewed from the bottom surface side (long side) and glare is relatively small when viewed from the top surface side (short side). As the glare increases, it looks like a mirror, so for example, in FIG. 12C, the first glass plate 1a is set to the outdoor side, and the second glass plate 1b is set to the indoor side. A laminated glass that is difficult to be visually recognized and easily visible from the inside to the outside can be obtained.

When the metal layer is a layer having a metal part and an opening, the metal part preferably has a strip shape in plan view. The band shape of the metal part is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a straight line shape and a curved line shape. Further, the longitudinal directions of the plurality of metal portions may be the same or different. For example, FIG. 13 (a), the longitudinal direction _{D A} of the plurality of metal portions 221, respectively, are the same. On the other hand, in FIG. 13 (b), the longitudinal direction _{D A} of the plurality of metal portions 221, respectively, are different, it is random.

The band-like shape of the metal part may or may not have a bent part. For example, in FIG.13 (c), the strip | belt-shaped shape of the metal part 221 has the bending part (alpha). In this case, the longitudinal direction D _A of the metal part 221 is changed by the bending unit alpha. The strip shape of the metal part may be a curved shape. The curved shape means that the metal part has at least a curved part. For example, in FIG.13 (d), the strip | belt shape of the metal part 221 is a waveform curve shape. In this case, the traveling direction P of the curve, the longitudinal direction _{D A} of the metal layer 221.

  The band shape of the metal part may be a continuous shape or a discontinuous shape. An example of the continuous shape is the shape shown in FIG. On the other hand, examples of the discontinuous shape include a dot shape. 14A to 14D correspond to cases where the shapes shown in FIGS. 13A to 13D are discontinuous shapes, respectively.

  Moreover, a pattern is obtained by arrange | positioning the several metal part in the direction which cross | intersects the longitudinal direction of a metal part, respectively. Examples of the pattern shape composed of a plurality of metal portions include a stripe shape. Moreover, it is preferable that the width | variety of a metal part and the width | variety of an adjacent metal part are 10 micrometers or more and 5 mm or less, respectively.

  When the metal layer is a layer having a metal part and an opening, the opening ratio of the opening is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5% or more and 30% or less, and 0.5% or more and 10% or less. It may be 0.7% or more and 2% or less. The aperture ratio refers to the area of the opening relative to the area of the entire metal layer including the area of the opening.

(2) Base material A base material is a member holding a metal layer or the like. The material of the base material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a resin. Examples of the resin include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyamideimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and the like. Of these, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polycarbonate are preferable.

  The thickness of the base material is, for example, 10 μm or more and 200 μm or less, and may be 20 μm or more and 100 μm or less. If the thickness of the base material is too small, handling properties may deteriorate when forming a metal layer or a dielectric layer, and if the thickness of the base material is too large, the visible light transmittance may be reduced. is there.

  Although the manufacturing method of a base material is not specifically limited, For example, the method of shape | molding into a film form can be mentioned by melt-extruding raw material resin to a film form, or solution extrusion. If necessary, the obtained film may be subjected to at least one of a stretching process, a heat setting process, and a heat relaxation process. The stretching process may be a process in the longitudinal direction, a process in the width direction, or a process in the longitudinal direction and the width direction. In addition, you may use the glass plate mentioned above as a base material. That is, the metal layer may be directly formed on the glass plate.

(3) Dielectric layer The infrared reflecting member may have a dielectric layer. The material of the dielectric layer preferably has a refractive index with respect to visible light of, for example, 1.4 or more. This is because a good interference effect can be obtained. Examples of the material for the dielectric layer include Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Ga, Sn, Si and other metal oxides, and at least one of these metals Among them, TiO ₂ , ZnO and SiO ₂ are preferable.

  The location of the dielectric layer is not particularly limited. The dielectric layer may be disposed between the base material and the metal layer, or may be disposed so as to cover the metal layer. When two or more metal layers are present, a dielectric layer may be disposed between the metal layers. The thickness of the dielectric layer is, for example, not less than 5 nm and not more than 100 nm.

(4) Infrared reflective member The infrared reflectance of the infrared reflective member is, for example, 60% or more, preferably 70% or more, and more preferably 80% or more. The infrared reflectance is specified as an average value of the reflectance at each wavelength when measured at a measurement wavelength of 500 nm or more and 2200 nm or less.

  The infrared reflecting member preferably has radio wave transparency. The radio wave shielding coefficient of the infrared reflecting member is, for example, 10 dB or less, and preferably 7 dB or less. The radio wave shielding coefficient is specified by measuring a frequency of 30 MHz to 1 GHz by the KEC method using an electromagnetic wave shielding effect evaluator TSES-KEC (manufactured by Technoscience Japan) and obtaining a numerical value (dB) at 1 GHz.

  Although the thickness of an infrared reflective member is not specifically limited, For example, it is 1 mm or less, and may be 500 micrometers or less. Moreover, it is preferable that an infrared reflective member is a film form.

4). Laminated glass Laminated glass comprises a first glass plate, a first infrared reflecting member having a first metal layer, an intermediate layer, a second infrared reflecting member having a second metal layer, and a second glass plate in this order. Prepare.

  The laminated glass may contain the adhesion layer as needed. An adhesion layer can be arrange | positioned between a glass plate and an infrared reflective member, for example. The material for the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acrylic resins. Specifically, it is represented by the formula A-B-A (wherein A and B represent different polymer blocks, A is composed of an alkyl ester unit of methacrylic acid, and B is composed of an alkyl ester unit of acrylic acid). An acrylic resin containing a triblock copolymer. The thickness of the adhesive layer is, for example, 50 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

  The first infrared reflecting member and the second infrared reflecting member may be the same member or different members.

  The use of the laminated glass is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used for a closing member disposed in the opening of the structure. An example of the closing member is a window member. Examples of the structure include a building and a moving body such as an automobile and a train.

B. Closing Member FIGS. 15 and 16 are schematic diagrams illustrating an example of the closing member of the present disclosure. FIG. 16A is a schematic plan view showing an example of the closing member, and FIG. 16B corresponds to a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, the closing member 70 is a member disposed at the opening of the structure 80 and is typically a window member. Also, the closing member 70 shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B includes a laminated glass 10 and a frame member 11 surrounding the laminated glass 10.

According to this indication, it can be set as the closure member which has a high infrared shielding effect by using the laminated glass mentioned above.
Hereinafter, the closure member of the present disclosure will be described for each configuration.

  The closing member usually has at least the laminated glass described in “A. Laminated glass”. Furthermore, you may have a frame member. The frame member is a member that usually surrounds the laminated glass and fixes the closing member to the opening of the structure. Examples of the material of the frame member include metal.

In the closing member, the longitudinal direction of the metal part may be within a range of ± 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 16 (a), longitudinal D _A of the metal portion 221 may be in the range of ± 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction D _B. Thereby, it can be set as the closing member which suppressed the permeability | transmittance fall of the linearly polarized wave of the perpendicular direction. Generally, radio waves include linearly polarized waves and circularly polarized waves. Linearly polarized waves are used in, for example, mobile phones and VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System). On the other hand, circularly polarized waves are used in, for example, ETC (Electronic Toll Collection system) and GPS (Grobal Position System).

When the laminated glass having the band-shaped metal portion 221 is used as the closing member, the transmittance of the linearly polarized wave in the vertical direction is affected by the arrangement state of the laminated glass. For example, as shown in FIG. 17 (a), longitudinal _{D A} of the metal portion 221, if it is perpendicular to the horizontal direction _{D B,} vertical linear polarization 90 may not pass through a metal portion 221, opening Only the portion 222 can be transmitted.

In contrast, as shown in FIG. 17 (b), the lengthwise direction D _A of the metal portion 221, if consistent with the horizontal direction D _B, vertical linear polarization 90 is sufficiently large wavelength Therefore, the metal part 221 can be transmitted. Therefore, it can be set as the closure member which suppressed the permeability | transmittance fall of the linearly polarized wave of the perpendicular direction. D _A, to the D _B, is preferably in the range of ± 30 °, and more preferably within a range of ± 15 °.

Similarly, in the closing member, the longitudinal direction of the metal part may be within a range of ± 45 ° with respect to the vertical direction. Thereby, it can be set as the closing member which suppressed the permeability fall of the linearly polarized wave of a horizontal direction. In that case, the longitudinal direction D _A of the metal portion, with respect to the vertical direction D _C, is preferably in the range of ± 30 °, and more preferably within a range of ± 15 °.

  Moreover, the structure which has the closure member mentioned above can also be provided. Examples of the structure include moving bodies such as automobiles and trains, buildings, and the like.

  Hereinafter, more specific description will be given using examples.

[Example 1]
(Production of infrared reflecting member)
A biaxially oriented transparent PET film (Toyobo Co., Ltd., A4100, thickness 50 μm, Tg 67 ° C.) was placed on a Canon Anelpa sputtering apparatus SPC-350UHV so as to form a film on the smooth surface side of PET. The target and Si, evacuated to the pressure inside the chamber becomes 2.0 × ¹⁰ -3 Pa or less, 10 sccm of Ar, and _{O 2} was introduced 5 sccm, a total flow rate was 15 sccm. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.3 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, a SiO ₂ layer (thickness 30 nm, dielectric layer) was formed.

Next, the target was changed to Ag, Pd, and Cu, and the chamber was evacuated until the pressure in the chamber became 2.0 × 10 ⁻³ Pa or less, and 25 sccm of Ar was introduced as a discharge gas. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.2 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, a metal layer (thickness 10 nm, APC layer, solid layer) was formed on the SiO ₂ layer.

Then, replace the target Si, evacuated to the pressure inside the chamber becomes 2.0 × ¹⁰ -3 Pa or less, 10 sccm of Ar, and _{O 2} was introduced 5 sccm, a total flow rate was 15 sccm. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.3 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, SiO ₂ (thickness 30 nm, dielectric layer) was formed on the APC layer. Thereby, an infrared reflecting member (film) was obtained.

(Production of laminated glass)
A float glass having a thickness of 3 mm was prepared as a glass plate. Next, glass, adhesive layer (thickness 25 μm), infrared reflecting member (SiO ₂ layer is disposed on the adhesive layer side, base material is disposed on the intermediate layer side), intermediate layer (PVB layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm), infrared reflecting member ( A laminated glass was obtained by laminating a base material in the order of the intermediate layer side and an SiO ₂ layer on the adhesive layer side), an adhesive layer (thickness 25 μm), and glass in this order and thermocompression bonding by heating and pressurization.

[Examples 2 to 6]
Except for changing the intermediate layer to an EVA layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm, a PVB layer having a thickness of 1.52 mm, an EVA layer having a thickness of 1.52 mm, a PVB layer having a thickness of 2.28 mm, and an EVA layer having a thickness of 2.28 mm, A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.

[Comparative Example 1]
Except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (PVB layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm), infrared reflecting member, intermediate layer (PVB layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm), and glass, the same as in Example 1. A laminated glass was obtained.

[Comparative Example 2]
Except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (EVA layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm), infrared reflecting member, intermediate layer (EVA layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm), and glass, the same as in Example 1. A laminated glass was obtained.

[Comparative Example 3]
Except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (PVB layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm), infrared reflecting member, intermediate layer (PVB layer having a thickness of 1.52 mm), and glass, the same as in Example 1. A laminated glass was obtained.

[Comparative Example 4]
Except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (EVA layer having a thickness of 0.76 mm), infrared reflecting member, intermediate layer (EVA layer having a thickness of 1.52 mm), and glass, the same as in Example 1. A laminated glass was obtained.

[Comparative Example 5]
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (PVB layer having a thickness of 1.52 mm), and glass.

[Comparative Example 6]
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (EVA layer having a thickness of 1.52 mm), and glass.

[Comparative Example 7]
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (PVB layer having a thickness of 2.28 mm), and glass.

[Comparative Example 8]
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layer configuration was changed in the order of glass, intermediate layer (EVA layer having a thickness of 2.28 mm), and glass.

[Evaluation]
Infrared reflectivity was evaluated using the laminated glass obtained in Examples 1-6 and Comparative Examples 1-8. The infrared reflectance was evaluated by obtaining an average light reflectance at a wavelength of 1500 nm to 2200 nm. Specifically, it was measured using an ultraviolet visible near infrared spectrophotometer V-7200 (manufactured by JASCO). The results are shown in Table 1.

  As shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 6, high infrared reflectance was obtained. Note that the thickness of the intermediate layer did not significantly affect the infrared reflectance. In contrast, in Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the infrared reflectance was reduced by half compared to the Examples. This is because the intermediate layer absorbs infrared rays. Moreover, in Comparative Examples 5-8, since the infrared reflecting member was not provided, the infrared reflectance was remarkably low.

[Example 7]
(Production of infrared reflecting member)
A biaxially oriented transparent PET film (Toyobo Co., Ltd., A4100, thickness 50 μm, Tg 67 ° C.) was placed on a Canon Anelpa sputtering apparatus SPC-350UHV so as to form a film on the smooth surface side of PET. The target and Si, evacuated to the pressure inside the chamber becomes 2.0 × ¹⁰ -3 Pa or less, 10 sccm of Ar, and _{O 2} was introduced 5 sccm, a total flow rate was 15 sccm. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.3 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, a SiO ₂ layer (thickness 30 nm, dielectric layer) was formed.

Next, Ag, Pd, and Cu were used as targets, and a deposition mask was inserted between the target and PET that was a deposition target. Then, it exhausted until the pressure in a chamber became 2.0 * 10 < ^-3 > Pa or less, Ar was introduced 25sccm as discharge gas. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.2 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, a metal layer (thickness 10 nm, APC layer) having a striped metal portion was formed on the SiO ₂ layer. The aperture ratio was 0.7%.

Then, replace the target Si, evacuated to the pressure inside the chamber becomes 2.0 × ¹⁰ -3 Pa or less, 10 sccm of Ar, and _{O 2} was introduced 5 sccm, a total flow rate was 15 sccm. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.3 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, SiO ₂ (thickness 30 nm, dielectric layer) was formed on the APC layer. Thereby, an infrared reflecting member (film) was obtained.

(Production of laminated glass)
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the obtained infrared reflecting member was used. The two infrared reflecting members sandwiching the intermediate layer were arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the metal part (longitudinal direction of the opening) coincided.

[Example 8]
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aperture ratio of the metal layer was changed to 2%.

[Example 9]
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aperture ratio of the metal layer was changed to 10%.

[Evaluation]
Infrared reflectivity and radio wave transmissivity were evaluated using the laminated glass obtained in Examples 1 and 7-9. The evaluation method of the infrared reflectance is as described above. On the other hand, the radio wave permeability was evaluated by obtaining a radio wave shielding coefficient. As an evaluation method, the KEC method was adopted. The radio wave measurement range was 30 MHz to 1 GHz, and the radio wave shielding coefficient was a numerical value (dB) at a frequency of 1 GHz. The results are shown in Table 2.

  As shown in Table 2, in Example 1, although having good infrared reflectivity, the radio wave shielding coefficient was high and the radio wave permeability was low. On the other hand, in Examples 7 and 8, although the infrared reflectivity was slightly lowered, the radio wave permeability was also good. If the radio wave shielding coefficient is 10 dB or less, there is little practically no radio interference. On the other hand, in Example 9, although the radio wave permeability was excellent, the decrease in the infrared reflectance was relatively large.

[Example 10]
(Production of infrared reflecting member)
A biaxially oriented transparent PET film (Toyobo Co., Ltd., A4100, thickness 50 μm, Tg 67 ° C.) was placed on a Canon Anelpa sputtering apparatus SPC-350UHV so as to form a film on the smooth surface side of PET. The target and Si, evacuated to the pressure inside the chamber becomes 2.0 × ¹⁰ -3 Pa or less, 10 sccm of Ar, and _{O 2} was introduced 5 sccm, a total flow rate was 15 sccm. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.3 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, a SiO ₂ layer (thickness 30 nm, dielectric layer) was formed.

Next, the target was Ag, Pd, and Cu, a vapor deposition mask was inserted between the target and PET as the vapor deposition target, and the distance between the mask and the vapor deposition target was adjusted to 100 μm. Then, it exhausted until the pressure in a chamber became 2.0 * 10 < ^-3 > Pa or less, Ar was introduced 25sccm as discharge gas. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.2 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. As a result, a metal layer (thickness 10 nm, APC layer) having a metal part having a bottom part was formed on the SiO ₂ layer.

Then, replace the target Si, evacuated to the pressure inside the chamber becomes 2.0 × ¹⁰ -3 Pa or less, 10 sccm of Ar, and _{O 2} was introduced 5 sccm, a total flow rate was 15 sccm. Thereafter, the pressure in the chamber was adjusted to 0.4 Pa, and the discharge current was set to 0.3 A using a direct current sputtering method. At this time, the substrate (PET film) temperature was room temperature. Thereby, SiO ₂ (thickness 30 nm, dielectric layer) was formed on the APC layer. Thereby, an infrared reflecting member (film) was obtained.

(Production of laminated glass)
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the layer configuration was changed to the configuration shown in FIG.

[Evaluation]
Using the laminated glass obtained in Examples 1 and 10, glare (visibility) was evaluated. Specifically, the glare was evaluated based on the level of regular reflectance in visible light. The regular reflectance is equal to the total reflectance minus the diffuse reflectance. The results are shown in Table 3. In Example 10, the first glass plate 1a in FIG. 12C was the outdoor side, and the second glass plate 1b was the indoor side.

  As shown in Table 3, in Example 10, the regular reflectance from the outdoors was high, and the regular reflectance from the indoors was low. Therefore, it was possible to make a laminated glass that is difficult to view indoors from the outside and easily visible from the indoors.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Glass plate 1a ... 1st glass plate 1b ... 2nd glass plate 2 ... Infrared reflective member 2a ... 1st infrared reflective member 2b ... 2nd infrared reflective member 3 ... Intermediate | middle layer 4 ... Adhesive layer 10 ... Laminated glass 21 ... Base Material 22 ... Metal layer 23 ... Dielectric layer

Claims (9)

  Laminated glass comprising a first glass plate, a first infrared reflecting member having a first metal layer, an intermediate layer, a second infrared reflecting member having a second metal layer, and a second glass plate in this order.   The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein each of the first infrared reflecting member and the second infrared reflecting member has an infrared reflectance of 60% or more.   The laminated glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first metal layer and the second metal layer is a layer having a metal portion and an opening.   4. The laminated glass according to claim 3, wherein the metal part has an inclined metal part having a top surface part and a skirt part formed continuously from the top surface part and having a thickness smaller than that of the top surface part.   The laminated glass of Claim 4 whose width | variety of the said skirt part is 0.1 micrometer or more. The first metal layer has a first metal layer x and a first metal layer y laminated via a dielectric layer;
The first metal layer x and the first metal layer y have the first inclined metal part x and the first inclined metal part y, respectively, as the inclined metal part,
6. The laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein the skirt portion in the first inclined metal portion x and the skirt portion in the first inclined metal portion y have overlapping portions in plan view. . The second metal layer has a second metal layer x and a second metal layer y laminated via a dielectric layer;
The second metal layer x and the second metal layer y have the second inclined metal part x and the second inclined metal part y, respectively, as the inclined metal part,
The skirt part in the second inclined metal part x and the skirt part in the second inclined metal part y have an overlapping part overlapping in plan view. The laminated glass according to claim. The first metal layer and the second metal layer have a first inclined metal part and a second inclined metal part, respectively, as the inclined metal part,
The laminated glass according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the skirt portion in the first inclined metal portion and the skirt portion in the second inclined metal portion have overlapping portions in plan view. A closing member disposed in an opening of the structure,
The closure member which has the laminated glass of any one of Claim 1- Claim 8.

Images