JP2017530236A - Block copolymer - Google Patents

Abstract

The present application relates to block copolymers and uses thereof. The present application can provide a block copolymer that has excellent self-organization properties and can be effectively used in various applications, and uses thereof.

Description

This application is a Korean patent application No. 2014-0131964 filed on September 30, 2014, a Korean patent application No. 2015-0079490 filed on June 4, 2015, and a Korean patent filed on December 8, 2014. Application No. 2014-0175411, Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175414 filed December 8, 2014, Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175410 filed Dec. 8, 2014, filed December 8, 2014 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175415, Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175412 filed December 8, 2014, Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175413 filed December 8, 2014, December 2012 Korea submitted on May 8 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175407, Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175406, filed December 8, 2014, Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175400, filed December 8, 2014, December 8, 2014 Claiming the benefit of priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175401 filed on date and Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175402 filed on December 8, 2014, and disclosed in the relevant Korean patent application literature All the contents are included as a part of this specification.

The present application relates to block copolymers and uses thereof.

The block copolymer has a molecular structure in which polymer blocks having different chemical structures are linked through covalent bonds. The block copolymer may form a periodically arranged structure such as a sphere, a cylinder, or a lamella by phase separation. The size of the domain of the structure formed by the self-organization phenomenon of the block copolymer can be adjusted in a wide range, and various forms of structures can be fabricated, high-density magnetic storage media, nanowire fabrication, quantum dots or metal It can be applied to various next-generation nanoelements such as dots, magnetic recording media, or pattern formation by lithography.

Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0131964 Korean Patent Application No. 2015-0079490 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175411 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175414 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175410 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175415 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175412 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175413 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175407 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175406 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175400 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175401 Korean Patent Application No. 2014-0175402

The present application provides block copolymers, polymer films, polymer film formation methods, pattern formation methods, and the like.

An exemplary block copolymer may include a first block and a second block that is different from the first block. Each block of the block copolymer may be formed by only one type of monomer or may be formed by two or more types of monomers. The block copolymer may be a diblock copolymer including only one first block and one second block. The block copolymer also includes one each of the first and second blocks, and further includes one or both of the first and second blocks, or in addition to the first and second blocks. It may be a block copolymer of triblock or more further containing other blocks.

Since the block copolymer contains two or more polymer chains linked to a covalent bond, phase separation occurs and a so-called self-organized structure is formed. The inventors of the present invention have achieved that the phase separation effectively occurs when the block copolymer satisfies any one or more of the following conditions, thereby causing nanoscale separation by microphase separation. I found that I can form a structure. Accordingly, the present application relates to a block copolymer that satisfies at least one of the following conditions. The form or size of the nanoscale structure can be adjusted through, for example, adjusting the size of the block copolymer such as molecular weight or the relative ratio between blocks. Through the block copolymer of the present application, phase separation structures such as spheres, cylinders, gyroids, lamellas, and inverted structures can be freely formed in various sizes. The conditions described later are parallel, and any one condition does not take precedence over the other conditions. The block copolymer can satisfy any one condition selected from the conditions described later, or can satisfy two or more conditions. It has been clarified that the block copolymer can exhibit a vertical alignment property by satisfying any one of the conditions described later. In the present application, the term vertical alignment refers to the orientation of the block copolymer, and the orientation of the nanostructure formed by the block copolymer may mean an orientation perpendicular to the direction of the substrate, for example, block It may mean that the interface between the domain formed by the first block and the domain formed by the second block of the copolymer is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. In the present application, the term vertical is an expression that takes into account an error, and may include, for example, an error within ± 10 degrees, ± 8 degrees, ± 6 degrees, ± 4 degrees, or ± 2 degrees.

The technology for adjusting the self-organized structure of the block copolymer horizontally or vertically on various substrates occupies a very large specific gravity in the practical application of the block copolymer. In general, the orientation of the nanostructure in the block copolymer film is determined by which of the blocks forming the block copolymer is exposed to the surface or air. In general, since a large number of substrates are polar and air is non-polar, among the blocks of the block copolymer, a block having a larger polarity contacts the substrate, and a block having a smaller polarity contacts the air. Become. Therefore, various techniques have been proposed to allow blocks having different characteristics of the block copolymer to contact the substrate at the same time, and the most typical technique is application of a neutral surface.

The inventors of the present invention have made the block copolymer neutral surface treatment by satisfying any one of the following conditions, satisfying two or more of them, or satisfying all of them. It has been confirmed that vertical alignment is possible even for a substrate that has not been subjected to a known process known to achieve vertical alignment including the above.

For example, the block copolymer according to one aspect of the present application can exhibit vertical orientation on all hydrophilic surfaces that have not been subjected to special pretreatment and hydrophobic surfaces.

In addition, according to an additional aspect of the present application, the vertical alignment as described above can be induced in a wide area within a short time by thermal aging.

Accordingly, one exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a chemical structure different from that of the first block, and a room temperature wetting angle with respect to pure water is 50 degrees to 70 degrees. A film representing an in-plane diffraction pattern of oblique oblique incidence small angle scattering can be formed on a surface within a range of degrees, and the oblique angle of view even on a surface where the room temperature wetting angle with respect to pure water is within a range of 5 to 20 degrees. A film representing an in-plane diffraction pattern of incident small angle scattering can be formed (Condition 1).

Another exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a different chemical structure than the first block, wherein the block copolymer or the first block has a GIWAXS spectrum. represents the peak in azimuth within the range of -90 ° to -70 ° of the diffraction pattern of the scattering vector 12nm ^-1 ~16nm ^-1 range, also represents the peak in azimuth within the range of 70 to 90 degrees (Condition 2).

Another exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a different chemical structure than the first block, wherein the block copolymer or the first block is determined by DSC analysis. A melting transition peak or an isotropic transition peak can be expressed within a range of −80 ° C. to 200 ° C. (Condition 3).

Another exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a different chemical structure than the first block, wherein the block copolymer or the first block is subjected to XRD analysis. may represent a peak with a half width in the range of 0.2～0.9Nm ^-1 in scattering vector (q) range of 0.5 nm ^-1 up to 10 nm ^-1 (condition 4).

Another exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a different chemical structure than the first block, the first block including a side chain, and The number of chain-forming atoms (n) and the scattering vector (q) obtained by XRD analysis for the first block can satisfy the following Equation 2 (Condition 5).

[Formula 2]
^{3nm -1 ~5nm -1 = nq / (} 2 × π)
In Equation 2, n is the number of chain-forming atoms of the side chain, and q is the smallest scattering vector (q) whose peak is observed in the X-ray diffraction analysis for the block containing the side chain, or the most It is a scattering vector (q) in which a peak with a large peak area is observed.

Another exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a different chemical structure than the first block, the surface energy of the first block and the surface energy of the second block. May be 10 mN / m or less (Condition 6).

Another exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a chemical structure different from the first block, and an absolute value of a difference in density between the first block and the second block. May be 0.25 g / cm ³ or more (Condition 7).

Another exemplary block copolymer of the present application includes a first block and a second block having a chemical structure different from that of the first block, and the range of X calculated by Formula A below is 1.25. (Condition 8) Such a block copolymer can form a so-called lamellar structure.

[Formula A]
X = 1 + (D × M) / (K × L)
In Formula A, D is the ratio (D2 / D1) of the density (D1) of the first block and the density (D2) of the second block, and M is the molar mass (M1) of the first block and the mole of the second block. It is a ratio (M1 / M2) of mass (M2), and K is a peak area (A2) appearing due to the second block and a peak area appearing due to the first block (A2) in ¹ H-NMR. L is a ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms (H1) of 1 mole of repeating units in the first block to the number of hydrogen atoms (H2) of 1 mole of repeating units of the second block. (H1 / H2).

In each of the block copolymers, the first block may be a block including a side chain described later.

Hereinafter, the respective conditions will be described in detail.

A. Condition 1
The block copolymer of the present application forms a film exhibiting an in-plane diffraction pattern of GIAXXS (Grazing Incidence Small Angle X ray Scattering) on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. be able to. In this application, representing an in-plane diffraction pattern with GISAXS may mean representing a peak perpendicular to the X coordinate in the GISAXS diffraction pattern during GISAXS analysis. Such a peak is confirmed by the vertical orientation of the block copolymer. Therefore, the block copolymer representing the in-plane diffraction pattern has a vertical orientation. As an additional example, there can be at least two peaks identified by the X coordinate of the GISAXS diffraction pattern, and when there are multiple peaks, the scattering vector (q value) of the peaks has a positive ratio. In such a case, the phase separation efficiency of the block copolymer can be further improved.

Block copolymers capable of forming films that all exhibit an in-plane diffraction pattern on hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces exhibit vertical alignment properties on a variety of surfaces that have not undergone separate processing to induce vertical alignment be able to. In the present application, the term hydrophilic surface means a surface having a wetting angle with respect to purified water in the range of 5 degrees to 20 degrees. Examples of hydrophilic surfaces include, but are not limited to, silicon surfaces treated with oxygen plasma, sulfuric acid or pyrana solution. In the present application, the term hydrophobic surface means a surface having a normal temperature wetting angle with respect to purified water in the range of 50 to 70 degrees. Examples of the hydrophobic surface include a surface of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) treated with oxygen plasma, a surface of silicon treated with HMDS (hexyldisilazane), or a surface of silicon treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Is not to be done.

In this application, physical properties that can be changed by temperature, such as wetting angle or density, are values measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified. The term ambient temperature is a natural temperature that has not been warmed and reduced, and can mean a temperature of about 10 ° C. to 30 ° C., about 25 ° C. or about 23 ° C.

A film formed on a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface and exhibiting an in-plane diffraction pattern on visual oblique angle small angle scattering (GISAXS) can be a film that has undergone thermal aging. A film for measuring oblique oblique incidence small angle scattering (GISAXS) is, for example, a coat prepared by diluting the block copolymer to a concentration of about 0.7% by weight in a solvent (eg, fluorobenzene). The liquid is coated on a hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface with a thickness of about 25 nm and a coating area of 2.25 cm ² (width: 1.5 cm, length: 1.5 cm), and such a coated film is thermally aged. Thermal aging can be performed, for example, by maintaining the film for about 1 hour at a temperature of about 160 ° C. Visible oblique incidence small angle scattering (GISAXS) is formed as described above. X-rays can be incident on the film at an incident angle in the range of about 0.12 to 0.23 degrees, and a diffraction pattern scattered from the film by a known measuring instrument (for example, 2D marCCD). Can be obtained. A method to confirm the presence or absence of the in-plane diffraction pattern through the diffraction pattern are known.

Block copolymers that exhibit the above-described peak in oblique oblique incidence small angle scattering (GISAXS) can exhibit excellent self-organizing properties, and such properties can be effectively adjusted depending on the purpose.

B. Condition 2
Any one of the blocks of the block copolymer of the present application, -90 degrees of the diffraction pattern of GIWAXS (Grazing Incident Wide Angle X ray Scattering) scattering vector ^{12nm -1 ~16nm} -1 region of the spectrum (scattering vector) ~ Peaks can be represented at all azimuth angles within the range of -70 degrees and azimuth angles within the range of 70 degrees to 90 degrees. The block representing the peak may be a block including a side chain described later. Herein, the block containing the side chain may be a first block. In the above description, the azimuth angle is an azimuth angle when the angle of the upper direction of the diffraction pattern (out-of-plane diffraction direction) is set to 0 degree, which is an azimuth angle measured in a clockwise direction. In other words, the angle measured in the clockwise direction is displayed as a positive number, and the angle measured in the counterclockwise direction is displayed as a negative number. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak observed at each azimuth angle may be in the range of 5 degrees to 70 degrees. In other examples, the half width is 7 degrees or more, 9 degrees or more, 11 degrees or more, 13 degrees or more, 15 degrees or more, 17 degrees or more, 19 degrees or more, 21 degrees or more, 25 degrees or more, 30 degrees or more, 35 Degrees or more, 40 degrees or more, or 45 degrees or more. In another example, the half width may be 65 degrees or less or 60 degrees or less. The method for obtaining the GIWAXS spectrum is not particularly limited, and this can be obtained by the method described in Examples described later. After the profile of the diffraction pattern peak of the obtained spectrum is Gaussian fitting (Gauss fitting), the half width can be obtained from the fitted result. In this case, when only half of the Gaussian fitting result is observed, the half-value width as defined above may be defined as twice the value obtained from the result where only the half is observed. At the time of the Gaussian fitting, the R square is in the range of about 0.26 to 0.95. In other words, the half width described above may be observed by any one of the R squares of the range. Methods for obtaining such information are known, and for example, a numerical analysis program such as origin can be applied.

GIWAXS can be measured for polymers made only with the monomer that forms the block to be measured. The block satisfying the condition 2 may be a block including an aromatic structure that does not include a halogen atom, which will be described later, or a block including a side chain. The first block showing the above-mentioned peak at the above-mentioned azimuth angle of GIWAXS can be arranged with directionality, and such a block has excellent phase separation or self-organization property together with a block different from the block. Vertical alignment can be expressed.

C. Condition 3
The block copolymer of the present application or any one block of the block copolymer has a melting transition peak or isotropic transition within a range of −80 ° C. to 200 ° C. in DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) analysis. (Isotropic transition) peak can be represented. When any one block of the block copolymer shows the behavior in DSC analysis, and the block copolymer including such a block satisfies the conditions 2 and 3 at the same time, the block showing the behavior in the DSC analysis is , peak at GIWAXS described in condition 2, i.e. the azimuth angle within the range of -90 ° to -70 ° of the diffraction pattern of the scattering vector ^{12nm -1 ~16nm} -1 range GIWAXS spectrum (scattering vector) (azimuthal angle ) And blocks representing peaks at all azimuthal angles within the range of 70 degrees to 90 degrees, for example the first block. The block copolymer or any one block of the block copolymer may exhibit only one of the melting transition peak and the isotropic transition peak, or may represent all two peaks. Such a block copolymer generally represents a crystal phase and / or a liquid crystal phase suitable for self-assembly, or a block representing such a crystal phase and / or a liquid crystal phase. It can be a copolymer comprising.

Any one block of the block copolymer showing the DSC behavior or the block copolymer described above can further satisfy the following condition within the following condition 3.

For example, when the isotropic transition peak and the melting transition peak appear simultaneously, the difference (Ti−Tm) between the temperature (Ti) at which the isotropic transition peak appears and the temperature (Tm) at which the melting transition peak appears is 5 ° C. to 70 ° C. It can be in the range of ° C. In other examples, the difference (Ti-Tm) is 10 ° C or higher, 15 ° C or higher, 20 ° C or higher, 25 ° C or higher, 30 ° C or higher, 35 ° C or higher, 40 ° C or higher, 45 ° C or higher, 50 ° C or higher, 55 ° C. It can be above or above 60 ° C. A block copolymer having a difference (Ti-Tm) between the temperature of the isotropic transition peak (Ti) and the temperature of the melt transition peak (Tm) (Ti-Tm) or a block copolymer containing such a block is phase-separated or Self-organizing properties can be maintained excellent.

In another example, when the isotropic transition peak and the melting transition peak appear simultaneously, the ratio (M / I) of the area (I) of the isotropic transition peak to the area (M) of the melting transition peak is 0.1. It can be in the range of ~ 500. A block copolymer having a ratio (M / I) of an isotropic transition peak area (I) and a melt transition peak area (M) within the above range by DSC analysis or a block copolymer containing such a block is: Phase separation or self-organizing properties can be maintained excellent. In another example, the ratio (M / I) may be 0.5 or more, 1 or more, 1.5 or more, 2 or more, 2.5 or more, or 3 or more. In another example, the ratio (M / I) may be 450 or less, 400 or less, 350 or less, 300 or less, 250 or less, 200 or less, 150 or less, 100 or less, 90 or less, or 85 or less.

A method for performing the DSC analysis is known, and in the present application, the analysis can be performed by such a known method.

The range of the temperature (Tm) at which the melting transition peak appears can be in the range of −10 ° C. to 55 ° C. In another example, the temperature (Tm) is 50 ° C or lower, 45 ° C or lower, 40 ° C or lower, 35 ° C or lower, 30 ° C or lower, 25 ° C or lower, 20 ° C or lower, 15 ° C or lower, 10 ° C or lower, 5 ° C or lower. Or it may be 0 degrees C or less.

The block copolymer can include a block having a side chain as described later. In such a case, the block copolymer can satisfy the following formula 1.

[Formula 1]
10 ° C. = Tm ≦ 12.25 ° C. × n + 149.5 ° C. ≦ 10 ° C.
In Equation 1, Tm is a temperature at which a melting transition peak of the block copolymer or the block having the side chain appears, and n is the number of chain-forming atoms of the side chain.

In the present application, the term side chain means a chain connected to the main chain of the polymer, and the term chain-forming atom is an atom that forms the side chain bonded to a block copolymer, The atoms that form the straight chain structure of the chain. The side chain may be linear or branched, but the number of chain-forming atoms is calculated only by the number of atoms forming the longest straight chain, and the other atoms bonded to the chain-forming atoms Atoms are not calculated (for example, a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom when the chain-forming atom is a carbon atom). For example, in the case of a branched chain, the number of chain-forming atoms can be calculated by the number of chain-forming atoms forming the longest chain site. For example, when the side chain is an n-pentyl group, all the chain forming atoms are carbon and the number thereof is 5, and when the side chain is a 2-methylpentyl group, all the chain forming atoms are carbon. The number is five. Examples of the chain-forming atom may include carbon, oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, and a suitable chain-forming atom may be carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen, or may be carbon or oxygen. The number of chain-forming atoms may be 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more. The number of chain-forming atoms can also be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less.

A block copolymer having a side chain and having the number (n) of chain-forming atoms in the side chain satisfying the above formula can have excellent phase separation or self-organization characteristics.

In Equation 1, Tm-12.25 ° C. × n + 149.5 ° C. may be about −8 ° C. to 8 ° C., −6 ° C. to 6 ° C., or about −5 ° C. to 5 ° C. in other examples.

D. Condition 4
The block copolymer of the present application may include a block that represents at least one peak in a predetermined range of the scattering vector (q) during XRD analysis (X-ray diffraction analysis). When the block copolymer satisfies the condition 4 together with the conditions 2 and / or 3, the block satisfying the conditions 2 and / or 3 may be a block satisfying the condition 4. The block that satisfies the condition 4 may be the first block.

For example, any one of the blocks of the block copolymer, may represent at least one peak within the scattering vector (q) range of ^{0.5 nm} -1 up to 10 nm ^-1 in X-ray diffraction analysis. Scattering vector where the peak appears (q) is 0.7 nm ^-1 or more in another example, 0.9 nm ^-1 or more, 1.1 nm ^-1 or more, it is 1.3 nm ^-1 or more, or 1.5 nm ^-1 or obtain. In other examples, the scattering vector (q) in which the peak appears is 9 nm ⁻¹ or less, 8 nm ⁻¹ or less, 7 nm ⁻¹ or less, 6 nm ⁻¹ or less, 5 nm ⁻¹ or less, 4 nm ⁻¹ or less, 3.5 nm ⁻¹ or less. Or it may be 3 nm ⁻¹ or less. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak confirmed within the range of the scattering vector (q) may be within a range of 0.2 to 0.9 nm ⁻¹ . In another example, the half width may be 0.25 nm ⁻¹ or more, 0.3 nm ⁻¹ or more, or 0.4 nm ⁻¹ or more. The half-value width of 0.85 nm ^-1 or less in other examples, may be 0.8 nm ^-1 or less or 0.75 nm ^-1 or less.

The term half-value width in condition 4 can mean the peak width (difference in scattering vector (q)) at a position representing half the intensity of the maximum peak.

The scattering vector (q) and the half-value width in the XRD analysis are values obtained by a numerical analytical method applying a least square method to a result obtained by the XRD analysis described later. In the above-described method, the XRD pattern peak profile is Gaussian-fitted in a state in which the portion showing the minimum intensity in the XRD diffraction pattern is set to the baseline and the intensity is zero. After performing (Gaussian fitting), the scattering vector and the half width can be obtained from the fitted result. At the time of the Gaussian fitting, the R square is at least 0.9, 0.92, 0.94, or 0.96. A method for obtaining such information from the XRD analysis is known, and for example, a numerical analysis program such as origin can be applied.

The copolymer including the block representing the half-width peak within the range of the scattering vector (q) may include a crystalline part suitable for self-assembly. The block copolymer including the block in which the half-width peak is confirmed within the range of the scattering vector (q) described above can exhibit excellent self-organization characteristics.

XRD analysis can be performed by measuring the scattering intensity of the scattering vector after transmitting the X-rays to the block copolymer sample. The XRD analysis can be performed using any one block of the block copolymer, for example, a polymer produced by polymerizing only the monomer constituting the first block. XRD analysis can be performed on such a polymer without any special pretreatment. For example, the block copolymer can be dried by passing under appropriate conditions and then transmitted through X-rays. As X-rays, X-rays having a vertical size of 0.023 mm and a horizontal size of 0.3 mm can be applied. Using a measuring instrument (for example, 2D marCCD), a 2D diffraction pattern scattered from the sample is obtained as an image, and the obtained diffraction pattern is fitted in the manner described above to obtain a scattering vector, a half-value width, and the like. be able to.

E. Condition 5
The block copolymer of the present application is a first block and may include a block having a side chain described later, and the number (n) of chain-forming atoms of the side chain is the same as that in Condition 4 above. The scattering vector (q) determined by the X-ray diffraction analysis performed and the following Equation 2 can be satisfied.

[Formula 2]
^{3nm -1 ~5nm -1 = nq / (} 2 × π)
In Equation 2, n is the number of the chain-forming atoms, and q is the smallest scattering vector (q) whose peak is observed in the X-ray diffraction analysis for the block including the side chain, or the largest peak area. This is a scattering vector (q) in which a peak is observed. Further, in Expression 2, π means a circumference ratio.

The scattering vector and the like introduced into Equation 2 are numerical values obtained by the method mentioned in the X-ray diffraction analysis method described above.

Scattering vector introduced in Equation 2 (q) may be, for ^example, scattering vector within the range of 0.5nm ^-1 ~10nm -1 (q). The scattering vector to be introduced into Equation 2 (q) is 0.7 nm ^-1 or more in another example, 0.9 nm ^-1 or more, 1.1 nm ^-1 or more, 1.3 nm ^-1 or higher, or 1.5 nm ^-1 That can be the case. In other examples, the scattering vector (q) introduced into Formula 2 is 9 nm ⁻¹ or less, 8 nm ⁻¹ or less, 7 nm ⁻¹ or less, 6 nm ⁻¹ or less, 5 nm ⁻¹ or less, 4 nm ⁻¹ or less, 3.5 nm. ⁻¹ or less or 3 nm ⁻¹ or less.

Equation 2 shows that when a polymer composed only of blocks including the side chain of the block copolymer forms a film, the gap (D) between the polymer main chains including the side chain and the side chain Represents the relationship of the number of chain-forming atoms, and in the case of a block copolymer having a side chain, the crystallinity represented by the side chain is increased when the number of the chain-forming atoms of the side chain satisfies the formula 2. The phase separation property or the vertical alignment property of the block copolymer can be greatly improved. In other examples, nq / (2 × π) according to Equation 2 may be 4.5 nm ⁻¹ or less. The gap between polymer main chains containing side chains (D, unit: nm) can be calculated by the formula D = 2 × π / q, where D is the gap between the blocks (D, Unit: nm), and π and q are as defined in Equation 2.

F. Condition 6
The absolute value of the difference between the surface energy of the first block and the surface energy of the second block of the block copolymer of the present application is 10 mN / m or less, 9 mN / m or less, 8 mN / m or less, 7.5 mN / m or less, or It can be 7 mN / m or less. The absolute value of the surface energy difference may be 1.5 mN / m, 2 mN / m, or 2.5 mN / m or more. The structure in which the first block and the second block having the absolute value of the surface energy difference in such a range are connected by a covalent bond is effective in microphase separation by phase separation due to appropriate incompatibility. Can be induced. The first block may be, for example, a block having a side chain described later or a block including an aromatic structure having no halogen atom.

The surface energy can be measured using a water drop type analyzer (Drop Shape Analyzer, DSA100 product of KRUSS). Specifically, the surface energy of the target sample (block copolymer or homopolymer) to be measured is diluted with fluorobenzene to a solid content concentration of about 2% by weight on a substrate with a thickness of about 50 nm. The film is dried at room temperature for about 1 hour at a coating area of 4 cm ² (width: 2 cm, length: 2 cm) and then thermally annealed at 160 ° C. for about 1 hour. be able to. The process of determining the contact angle by removing deionized water having a known surface tension on the membrane after the thermal aging and repeating the process is repeated five times, and the average value of the obtained five contact angle values is obtained. Similarly, the process of obtaining the contact angle by dropping diiodomethane having a known surface tension is repeated five times, and the average value of the obtained five contact angle values is obtained. Thereafter, the surface energy can be obtained by substituting the numerical value (Strom value) relating to the surface tension of the solvent by the Owens-Wendt-Label-Kaelble method using the obtained average value of the contact angle with deionized water and diiodomethane. . The numerical value of the surface energy for each block of the block copolymer can be obtained by the method described above for a homopolymer produced only with the monomer forming the block.

When the block copolymer includes the aforementioned side chain, the block including the side chain may have a higher surface energy than other blocks. For example, if the first block of the block copolymer includes a side chain, the first block can have a higher surface energy than the second block. In such a case, the surface energy of the first block may be in the range of about 20 mN / m to 40 mN / m. The surface energy of the first block may be 22 mN / m or more, 24 mN / m or more, 26 mN / m or more, or 28 mN / m or more. The surface energy of the first block may be 38 mN / m or less, 36 mN / m or less, 34 mN / m or less, or 32 mN / m or less. A block copolymer that includes such a first block and exhibits a difference in surface energy as described above with respect to the second block can exhibit excellent self-organization characteristics.

G. Condition 7
The absolute value of the difference in density between the first block and the second block in the block copolymer is 0.25 g / cm ³ or more, 0.3 g / cm ³ or more, 0.35 g / cm ³ or more, 0.4 g / cm ^3. Or greater than or equal to 0.45 g / cm ³ . The absolute value of the density difference may be 0.9 g / cm ³ or more, 0.8 g / cm ³ or less, 0.7 g / cm ³ or less, 0.65 g / cm ³ or less, or 0.6 g / cm ³ or less. . The structure in which the first block and the second block having the absolute value of the density difference in such a range are connected by a covalent bond induces effective microphase separation by phase separation due to appropriate incompatibility. can do.

The density of each block of the block copolymer can be measured using a known buoyancy method. For example, the density of the block copolymer in a solvent that knows the mass and density in air such as ethanol. The density can be measured by analyzing the mass.

When the side chain is included, the block including the side chain may have a lower density than other blocks. For example, if the first block of the block copolymer includes side chains, the first block can have a lower density than the second block. The density of the first block in the case that may be in the range of about 0.9g ^/ cm ³ ~1.5g ^/ cm 3 of. The density of the first block may be 0.95 g / cm ³ or more. The density of the first block may be 1.4 g / cm ³ or less, 1.3 g / cm ³ or less, 1.2 g / cm ³ or less, 1.1 g / cm ³ or less, or 1.05 g / cm ³ or less. . A block copolymer that includes such a first block and exhibits a density difference as described above with respect to the second block can exhibit excellent self-organizing properties.

H. Condition 8
In the block copolymer of the present application, for example, the range of X calculated by the following formula A may be 1.25 or more. The block copolymer in which the range of X calculated by the following formula A is 1.25 or more can be a diblock copolymer including only the first block and the second block.

[Formula A]
X = 1 + (D × M) / (K × L)
In Formula A, D is the ratio (D2 / D1) of the density (D1) of the first block and the density (D2) of the second block, and M is the molar mass (M1) of the first block and the mole of the second block. It is a ratio (M1 / M2) of mass (M2), and K is a peak area (A2) appearing due to the second block and a peak area appearing due to the first block (A2) in ¹ H-NMR. L is a ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms (H1) of 1 mole of repeating units in the first block to the number of hydrogen atoms (H2) of 1 mole of repeating units of the second block. (H1 / H2).

The measurement method of ¹ H-NMR for obtaining the K value applied to Formula A is not particularly limited, and can be advanced by a known method. An example of the measurement method is described in the examples below. The method of calculating the peak area from the NMR measurement result is known, and for example, when the peaks derived from the first and second blocks of the NMR measurement result do not overlap each other, the peak area can be obtained through the peak area. Can be determined in consideration of the overlapping portions. Various interpretation programs that can calculate the peak area by interpreting the ¹ H-NMR spectrum are known. For example, the peak area can be calculated using the MestReC program.

The density of each block of the block copolymer for obtaining the D value applied to Formula A can be measured using a known buoyancy method. For example, the density can be measured by analyzing the mass of the block copolymer in a solvent that knows the mass and density in air such as ethanol. The density of each block can be measured, for example, by applying a homopolymer produced only with the monomer forming the block to the buoyancy method.

The M value applied to Formula A is the molar mass ratio of the repeating unit of each block of the block copolymer as described above. Such a molar mass can be determined by a known method. For example, the M value can be determined by the molar mass ratio of the monomers forming each block of the block copolymer. In such a case, when any one block of the block copolymer is formed of two or more monomers, the molar mass for calculating the M value is the content of the two or more monomers. The molar mass of the monomer contained in the block with the largest number of moles can be substituted.

The L value applied to Formula A is the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms contained in 1 mole of repeating units in each block of the block copolymer as described above. Such a ratio can also be determined based on the chemical structure of each repeating unit. For example, the number of hydrogen atoms in the chemical structure of the monomer forming each block of the block copolymer or the result of ¹ H-NMR Can be obtained from Also in this case, when any one block of the block copolymer is formed of two or more monomers, the molar mass for calculating the L value is the same among the two or more monomers. The molar mass of the monomer contained in the block with the largest number of moles can be substituted.

In Formula A, X is a numerical value representing the ratio of the first and second blocks in the block copolymer. In general, the ratio of each block in the block copolymer is confirmed based on the molecular weight obtained through GPC or the like, but such a method cannot accurately reflect the ratio between the blocks, and therefore the block copolymer as designed. It was confirmed that no polymer was obtained. For example, as described later, when synthesizing a block copolymer using any one block of the block copolymer as a macroinitiator, each block has a target level depending on the reactivity of the macroinitiator and the monomer. In some cases, a block copolymer containing s is not synthesized, but such a point cannot be accurately confirmed only by GPC.

X in Formula A is about 1.3 or more, about 1.35 or more, about 1.4 or more, about 1.45 or more, about 1.5 or more, about 1.6 or more, or about 1.65 or more in other examples. It can be. X in Formula A may be 10 or less, 9.5 or less, 9 or less, 8.5 or less, 8 or less, 7.5 or less, or 7 or less in other examples.

X according to Equation A may range from 2.5 to 6.7, 2.5 to 5 or about 2.8 to 5 in other examples. A block copolymer having an X value in such a range can form a so-called cylinder structure or a self-organized structure in which the structure is dominant. In other examples, X in Formula A may be about 1.65 to 2.5, about 1.8 to 2.5, or about 1.8 to 2.3. A block copolymer having an X value in such a range can form a so-called lamellar structure or a self-organized structure in which the structure is dominant.

For example, as described later, the first block is a block including an aromatic structure that does not have a halogen atom included together with a second block including an aromatic structure substituted with a halogen atom, or a first block including a halogen atom. In the case of a block having a side chain contained together with two blocks, the block copolymer having the range of X can effectively form a vertical alignment structure.

As described above, the block copolymer can satisfy any one of the above conditions 1 to 8, or can satisfy two or more selected therein.

For example, the block copolymer may be a block copolymer that satisfies condition 1, condition 2, condition 3, condition 4, condition 5, condition 6, condition 7, or condition 8.

In one example, the block copolymer may include a first block that satisfies any one or two or more of the conditions 2 to 5 among the conditions, and a second block that shows a difference in surface energy due to the condition 6. Can be included.

In another example, the block copolymer may include a first block that satisfies any one or more of the conditions 2 to 5 among the above conditions and a second block that shows a difference in surface energy according to the condition 6 And the ratio of the first and second blocks may satisfy the condition 8.

The first block that is not limited by theory or satisfies any one of the conditions 2 to 5 can exhibit crystallinity or liquid crystallinity, and accordingly, at the time of forming the self-organized structure. Packing is possible with regularity. In such a state, when the first block and the second block satisfy the surface energy difference according to the condition 6, the domains formed by the first and second blocks are substantially neutralized, thereby Regardless of the properties of the surface on which the self-assembled film is formed, the film can be vertically oriented. When the ratio of each block satisfies the X value according to the condition 8, the neutralization effect can be maximized, and thereby the resin orientation effect can be maximized.

As other conditions, the number average molecular weight (Mn (Number Average Molecular Weight)) of the block copolymer may be within a range of 3,000 to 300,000, for example. In the present specification, the term number average molecular weight is a conversion value relative to standard polystyrene measured using GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography), and the term molecular weight in the present specification means a number average molecular weight unless otherwise specified. In other examples, the molecular weight (Mn) may be, for example, 3000 or more, 5000 or more, 7000 or more, 9000 or more, 11000 or more, 13000 or more, or 15000 or more. In another example, the molecular weight (Mn) is 250,000 or less, 200000 or less, 18000 or less, 160000 or less, 14000 or less, 120,000 or less, 100000 or less, 80000 or less, 70000 or less, 60000 or less, 50000 or less, 40000 or less, 30000 or less. Or about 25000 or less. The block copolymer may have a degree of dispersion (polydispersity, Mw / Mn) in the range of 1.01-1.60. The degree of dispersion may be about 1.1 or more, about 1.2 or more, about 1.3 or more, or about 1.4 or more in other examples.

In such a range, the block copolymer can exhibit appropriate self-organizing properties. The number average molecular weight and the like of the block copolymer can be adjusted in consideration of the target self-organized structure.

The above mentioned conditions can be achieved, for example, through control of the structure of the block copolymer. For example, at least one or all of the first and second blocks of the block copolymer that satisfy one or more of the above-mentioned conditions may include at least an aromatic structure. The first block and the second block may all include an aromatic structure, and in such a case, the aromatic structures included in the first and second blocks may be the same or different. In addition, at least one of the first and second blocks of the block copolymer that satisfies one or more of the above-mentioned conditions includes the side chain described above, or contains one or more halogen atoms described later. Such side chains and halogen atoms can be substituted with the aromatic structure. The block copolymers of the present application can contain two blocks or more blocks.

As described, the first block and / or the second block of the block copolymer may include an aromatic structure. Such an aromatic structure may be included in only one of the first and second blocks, or may be included in both blocks. When both blocks all contain an aromatic structure, the aromatic structures contained in each block may be the same or different from each other.

In this specification, the term aromatic structure means the structure of an aromatic compound, the aryl group means a monovalent residue derived from an aromatic compound, and the arylene group means a divalent residue derived from an aromatic compound. Can do. Unless otherwise specified, the aromatic compound has a benzene ring, two or more benzene rings are connected by sharing one or two carbon atoms, or are connected by any linker. Or a derivative thereof. Therefore, the aryl group, that is, the monovalent residue derived from the aromatic compound is a substituent in which a radical formed by leaving one hydrogen atom of the aromatic compound forms a covalent bond, An arylene group, that is, a divalent residue derived from the aromatic compound may mean a substituent in which a radical formed by leaving two hydrogen atoms of the aromatic compound forms a covalent bond. The aryl group or arylene group may be, for example, an aryl group or arylene group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, 6 to 25 carbon atoms, 6 to 21 carbon atoms, 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or 6 to 13 carbon atoms. Examples of the aryl group or arylene group include benzene, naphthalene, azobenzene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, pyrene, and benzopyrene. Examples of such monovalent or divalent residues may also be mentioned.

The aromatic structure may be a structure included in the block main chain or a structure connected to the block main chain in a side chain form. It may be possible to adjust the aforementioned conditions through appropriate control of the aromatic structure that each block can contain.

In one example, the block copolymer satisfying one or more of the above conditions may include a first block including a side chain and a second block different from the first block. The side chain may be a side chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms as described later. Such a first block is a block that satisfies any one of the above-mentioned conditions 2, 3, 4, and 5, or satisfies two or more of the above conditions, or satisfies all of the above conditions. possible.

The first block includes a ring structure, and the side chain may be substituted for such a ring structure. The ring structure may be the aromatic structure, aryl group, or arylene group described above, or an alicyclic ring structure. Such a ring structure may be a ring structure containing no halogen atom.

In the present specification, the term alicyclic ring structure means a cyclic hydrocarbon structure that is not an aromatic ring structure unless otherwise specified. The alicyclic ring structure can be contained in the block copolymer in the form of a monovalent residue or a divalent residue. Unless otherwise specified, the alicyclic ring structure is, for example, an alicyclic ring structure having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, 3 to 25 carbon atoms, 3 to 21 carbon atoms, 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or 3 to 13 carbon atoms. It can be.

The second block included together with the first block as described above is a chemically different block from the first block. Such a second block may be a block containing a halogen atom, for example a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom. The second block may include 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, or 5 or more halogen atoms. The number of halogen atoms can be, for example, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, or 5 or less. . The second block includes a ring structure, and the halogen atom may be substituted into such a ring structure. The ring structure may be the aromatic structure, aryl group, or arylene group described above.

In the above, the term side chain means a chain connected to the main chain of the polymer, and the term chain forming atom means an atom that forms the side chain and that forms a linear structure of the chain. To do. The side chain may be linear or branched, but the number of chain-forming atoms is calculated only by the number of atoms forming the longest straight chain, and the other atoms bonded to the chain-forming atoms Atoms (for example, a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom when the chain-forming atom is a carbon atom) are not included in the calculation. For example, in the case of a branched chain, the number of chain-forming atoms can be calculated by the number of chain-forming atoms forming the longest chain site. For example, when the side chain is an n-pentyl group, all the chain forming atoms are carbon and the number thereof is 5, and when the side chain is a 2-methylpentyl group, all the chain forming atoms are carbon. The number is five. Examples of the chain-forming atom may include carbon, oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen, and a suitable chain-forming atom may be carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen, or may be carbon or oxygen. The number of chain-forming atoms may be 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more. The number of chain-forming atoms can also be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less.

In order to adjust the above-described conditions, a chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms may be connected to a side chain in the first block of the block copolymer. As used herein, the terms chain and side chain may refer to the same object.

The side chain may be a chain containing 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more chain forming atoms as mentioned above. The number of chain-forming atoms may also be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less. The chain forming atom may be a carbon, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom, suitably carbon or oxygen.

Examples of the side chain may include a hydrocarbon chain such as an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group. At least one of the carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain may be replaced with a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.

When the side chain is linked to a ring structure such as an aromatic structure, the chain can be linked directly to the ring structure or linked via a linker. As the linker, oxygen atom, sulfur _{atom, -NR 1-, -S (= O} ) 2-, a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, -C (= O) _{-X 1-} or -X _1- C (═O) — and the like can be exemplified. In the above, R ₁ may be hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group, and X 1 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —NR _{2 —} , —S (═O) _{2 —} , It may be an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an alkynylene group, wherein R ₂ may be hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group. A suitable linker may be exemplified by an oxygen atom. The side chain can be linked to a ring structure such as an aromatic structure via an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom, for example.

When a ring structure such as the aromatic structure described above is connected to the main chain of the block in a side chain form, the aromatic structure may be directly connected to the main chain or may be connected via a linker. As the case linker, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, -S (= _{O) 2-,} a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, -C (= O) _{-X 1-} or _-X 1-C ( ═O) — and the like, wherein X ₁ may be a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —S (═O) ₂₋ , an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an alkynylene group. Suitable linkers that link the aromatic structure to the main chain include, but are not limited to, -C (= O) -O- or -OC (= O)-.

In another example, the aromatic structure contained in the first and / or second block of the block copolymer may contain 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, or 5 or more halogen atoms. it can. The number of halogen atoms can be, for example, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or 10 or less. Examples of the halogen atom may include fluorine or chlorine, and the use of a fluorine atom may be advantageous. Thus, a block having an aromatic structure containing a halogen atom can efficiently implement a phase separation structure through appropriate interaction with other blocks.

Examples of the aromatic structure containing a halogen atom include an aromatic structure having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, 6 to 25 carbon atoms, 6 to 21 carbon atoms, 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or 6 to 13 carbon atoms. It is not limited.

In the block copolymer, when all of the first and second blocks include an aromatic structure, the first block includes an aromatic structure that does not include a halogen atom in order to implement an appropriate phase separation structure, and the second block includes An aromatic structure containing a halogen atom can be included. In addition, the side chain mentioned above may be linked to the aromatic structure of the first block directly or via a linker containing oxygen or nitrogen.

When the block copolymer includes a block having a side chain, this block may be a block including a unit represented by the following chemical formula 1, for example. The block may be a block including a unit of the following chemical formula 1 as a main component. A block in the present specification includes a unit as a main component when the block includes 60% or more, 70% or more, 80% or more, 90% or more, or 95% or more based on the weight. Alternatively, it may mean that the unit contains 60 mol% or more, 70 mol% or more, 80 mol% or more, 90 mol% or more, or 95 mol% or more.

In Formula 1, R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (= O) _2- , a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, -C (= O) _{-X 1-} or _-X 1- C (= O) -, as described above, and said _{X 1} in an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (= _{O) 2-,} an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or An alkynylene group, Y may be a monovalent substituent containing a ring structure in which the side chains having 8 or more chain-forming atoms are linked.

In this application, the term single bond means that there is no separate atom at that site. For example, when X is a single bond in Chemical Formula 1, a structure in which Y is directly linked to a polymer chain can be realized.

In this specification, the term alkyl group is a straight chain or branched chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms unless otherwise specified. Or a ring-type alkyl group, which may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents (provided that when the above-mentioned side chain is an alkyl group, the alkyl group is 8 or more, 9 or more There may be 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more carbon atoms, and the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group may be 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 or less. ).

In the present specification, the term alkenyl group or alkynyl group is a straight chain having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, 2 to 16 carbon atoms, 2 to 12 carbon atoms, 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or 2 to 4 carbon atoms unless otherwise specified. It may be a branched or ring type alkenyl group or alkynyl group, which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents (provided that the above-mentioned side chain alkenyl group or alkynyl group is 8 or more, It can contain 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more carbon atoms, and the number of carbon atoms of the alkenyl group or alkynyl group is 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, or 16 Or less.)

In the present specification, the term alkylene group is a straight chain or branched chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms unless otherwise specified. Or it can be a ring-type alkylene group, which can optionally be substituted by one or more substituents.

In the present specification, the term alkenylene group or alkynylene group is a straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, 1 to 16 carbon atoms, 1 to 12 carbon atoms, 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms unless otherwise specified. It can be a branched or ring type alkylene group, which can optionally be substituted by one or more substituents.

In other examples of X of Formula 1, it may be —C (═O) O— or —OC (═O) —.

In Formula 1, Y is a substituent containing the aforementioned side chain, and the above may be, for example, a substituent containing an aromatic structure having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The chain may be, for example, a linear alkyl group containing 8 or more, 9 or more, 10 or more, 11 or more, or 12 or more carbon atoms. The alkyl group can contain 30 or fewer, 25 or fewer, 20 or fewer, or 16 or fewer carbon atoms. Such chains can be linked to the aromatic structure directly or via the aforementioned linker.

In another example, the unit of Formula 1 of the first block may be represented by Formula 2 below.

In Formula 2, R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is —C (═O) —O—, P is an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and Q is an oxygen atom. And Z is the side chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms.

In other examples, P in Formula 2 may be phenylene, and Z may be 9-20 carbon atoms, 9-18 carbon atoms, 9-16 carbon atoms, 10-16 carbon atoms, 11-16 carbon atoms, or other examples. It may be a linear alkyl group having 12 to 16 carbon atoms. In the above, when P is a phenylene group, Q may be linked to the para position of the phenylene. In the above, the alkyl group, arylene group, phenylene group, and side chain may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents.

When the block copolymer includes a block having an aromatic structure containing a halogen atom, for example, as the second block, the block may be a block including a unit represented by the following chemical formula 3, for example. The block may include a unit of the following chemical formula 3 as a main component.

In Formula 3, X ₂ represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —S (═O) _{2 —} , an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, —C (═O) —X _{1 —} or —X ₁ —C. (═O) —, wherein X ₁ is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —S (═O) ₂₋ , an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an alkynylene group, and W is at least one halogen atom. An aryl group containing

In other examples of X2 of Formula 3, it may be a single bond or an alkylene group.

The aryl group of W in Formula 3 may be an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a phenyl group, and such aryl group or phenyl group may be 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 It can contain 5 or more halogen atoms. The number of halogen atoms may be, for example, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or 10 or less. As the halogen atom, a fluorine atom can be exemplified.

In another example, the unit of Formula 3 may be represented by Formula 4 below.

_{X 2} is a chemical formula 4, a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (= _{O) 2-,} an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, -C (= O) _{-X 1-} or _{-X 1-C} (═O) —, wherein X ₁ is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —S (═O) ₂₋ , an alkylene group, an alkenylene group or an alkynylene group, and R _{1 to} R ₅ are each independent. In particular, it is hydrogen, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group or a halogen atom, and R _{1 to} R ₅ contain one or more halogen atoms.

In Formula 4, R _{1 to} R ₅ may each independently be a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a halogen, where the halogen may be chlorine or fluorine.

In Chemical Formula 4, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, or 6 or more of R _{1 to} R ₅ may contain halogen. The upper limit of the halogen number is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, 12 or less, 8 or less, or 7 or less.

As described above, the block copolymer is a diblock copolymer containing any two of the units, or a block copolymer containing any one or all of the two types of blocks together with other blocks. It can be.

In one example, two blocks of the block copolymer, for example, any one of the first and second blocks may be a crosslinkable block. Thus, etching selectivity etc. can be improved by making any one block into a crosslinkable block. In order to make a block a crosslinkable block, there is a method of introducing a crosslinkable substituent into the block. Examples of the crosslinkable functional group that can be introduced into the block copolymer include benzoylphenoxy group, alkenyloxycarbonyl group, (meth) acryloyl group or alkenyloxyalkyl group, azidoalkylcarbonyloxy group, glycidyl azide or hydroxyphenyl azide. A functional group that is crosslinked by ultraviolet rays or heat, such as an azide-containing functional group, a sulfur-containing functional group, or an unsaturated double bond-containing functional group, can be exemplified, but is not limited thereto.

The crosslinkable functional group may be introduced into each block described above or may be introduced into each block as a separate unit.

The method for producing the block copolymer is not particularly limited. The block copolymer can be polymerized by, for example, an LRP (Living Radical Polymerization) method. For example, an organic rare earth metal composite is used as a polymerization initiator, or an organic alkali metal compound is used as a polymerization initiator. Anionic polymerization synthesized in the presence of inorganic acid salt such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt, anionic polymerization method synthesized in the presence of organoaluminum compound using organic alkali metal compound as polymerization initiator, polymerization An atom transfer radical polymerization method (ATRP) using an atom transfer radical polymerization agent as a control agent, an ARGET that performs polymerization under an organic or inorganic reducing agent that generates electrons, although using an atom transfer radical polymerization agent as a polymerization control agent ( Activators Regenerated by Elec reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer using an atom transfer radical polymerization method (ATRP), an inorganic transfer agent reversible addition-cleavage chain transfer agent, and a transfer transfer atom transfer radical polymerization method (ATRP). Polymerization method (RAFT) or a method using an organic tellurium compound as an initiator, and an appropriate method can be selected and applied.

For example, the block copolymer may be produced by a method including polymerizing a reactant containing a monomer capable of forming the block by a living radical polymerization method in the presence of a radical initiator and a living radical polymerization reagent. Can do. The production process of the block copolymer may further include, for example, a process of precipitating the polymerization product generated through the above process in a non-solvent.

The type of the radical initiator is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected in consideration of the polymerization efficiency. For example, AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) or 2,2′-azobis-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile (2,2 An azo compound such as' -azobis- (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile)) or a peroxide series such as BPO (benzoyl peroxide) or DTBP (di-butyl peroxide) can be used.

Living radical polymerization processes include, for example, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene, acetone, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, monoglyme, diglyme, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylacetamide. It can be carried out in a solvent.

As the non-solvent, for example, an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, normal propanol or isopropanol, a glycol such as ethylene glycol, an ether series such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-heptane or petroleum ether can be used. However, it is not limited to this.

The present application also relates to a polymer film containing the block copolymer. The polymer film can be used for various applications, for example, various electronic devices or electronic devices, pattern forming processes, magnetic storage recording media, recording media such as flash memory, biosensors, and the like.

In one example, the block copolymer may form a periodic structure including a sphere, a cylinder, a gyroid, or a lamellar through self-assembly in the polymer film. Can be. Such a structure can be vertically aligned. For example, in the block copolymer, the other segments form a regular structure such as a lamella shape or a cylinder shape in the segment of the first block or the second block or another block covalently bonded thereto. And such structures can be vertically oriented.

The polymer film of the present application can represent the above-described in-plane diffraction pattern, that is, a peak perpendicular to the X coordinate in the GISAXS diffraction pattern at the time of GISAXS analysis. As an additional example, there can be at least two peaks identified by the X coordinate of the GISAXS diffraction pattern, and when there are multiple peaks, the scattering vector (q value) of the peaks has a positive ratio. Can be confirmed while.

The present application also relates to a method of forming a polymer film using the block copolymer. The method may include forming a polymer film including the block copolymer on a substrate in a self-organized state. For example, the method may include a step of applying the block copolymer or a coating solution containing the block copolymer to form a layer, and aging the layer. The aging process may be a thermal aging process or a solvent aging process.

The thermal aging can be performed, for example, based on the phase transition temperature or glass transition temperature of the block copolymer, and can be performed at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature or phase transition temperature, for example. The time during which such thermal aging is performed is not particularly limited, and can be performed, for example, within a range of about 1 minute to 72 hours, but may be changed as necessary. In the thermal aging process, the heat treatment temperature may be, for example, about 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., but this may be changed in consideration of the block copolymer used.

In addition, the solvent aging process may be performed in a suitable non-polar solvent and / or polar solvent at a normal temperature for about 1 minute to 72 hours.

The present application also relates to a patterning method. The method includes, for example, a first layer or a second block of the block copolymer in a laminate having a substrate and a polymer film formed on the surface of the substrate and including the self-assembled block copolymer. Can be included. The method may be a method of forming a pattern on the substrate. For example, in the method, a polymer film containing the block copolymer is formed on a substrate, and after selectively removing any one or more blocks of the block copolymer present in the film, the substrate is formed. Etching can be included. In this manner, for example, a nanoscale fine pattern can be formed. Also, patterns of various forms such as nanorods or nanoholes can be formed through the above method according to the form of the block copolymer in the polymer film. If necessary, the block copolymer can be mixed with another copolymer or a homopolymer for pattern formation. The type of the substrate applied to such a method is not particularly limited, and can be selected as necessary. For example, silicon oxide or the like can be applied.

For example, the system can form a nanoscale pattern of silicon oxide that exhibits a high aspect ratio. For example, the polymer film is formed on silicon oxide, and any one block of the block copolymer is selectively removed in a state where the block copolymer in the polymer film forms a predetermined structure. Thereafter, the silicon oxide may be etched by various methods, for example, reactive ion etching to realize various forms including nanorod or nanohole patterns. In addition, a nano pattern having a large aspect ratio may be realized through such a method.

For example, the pattern can be implemented on a scale of several tens of nanometers, and such a pattern can be used in various applications including, for example, a magnetic recording medium for next-generation information electronics.

For example, according to the above method, a nanostructure having a width of about 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, a pattern in which nanowires are arranged at intervals of about 20 nm to 80 nm can be formed. In another example, it is possible to implement a structure in which nanoholes having a width of about 10 nm to 40 nm, for example, a diameter are arranged with a spacing of about 20 nm to 80 nm.

In addition, the nanowire or nanohole may have a large aspect ratio in the structure.

The method for selectively removing any one block of the block copolymer by the above method is not particularly limited. For example, the polymer film is irradiated with an appropriate electromagnetic wave, for example, ultraviolet rays, and is relatively soft. A scheme for removing blocks can be used. In this case, the ultraviolet irradiation conditions are determined by the type of block of the block copolymer, and can be performed by, for example, irradiating ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of about 254 nm for 1 to 60 minutes.

Subsequent to the ultraviolet irradiation, the polymer film may be treated with an acid to further remove the segment decomposed by the ultraviolet light.

The step of etching the substrate using the polymer film from which the block is selectively removed as a mask is not particularly limited, and may be performed through a reactive ion etching step using, for example, CF4 / Ar ions. Subsequent to the process, the polymer film may be further removed from the substrate by oxygen plasma treatment or the like.

The present application can provide a block copolymer that has excellent self-organization characteristics or phase separation characteristics and can be effectively used in various applications, and uses thereof.

It is drawing which shows a GISAXS diffraction pattern. It is drawing which shows a GISAXS diffraction pattern. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the SEM photograph of a polymer film. It is drawing which shows the analysis result of GIWAXS, respectively. It is drawing which shows the analysis result of GIWAXS, respectively. It is drawing which shows the analysis result of GIWAXS, respectively. It is drawing which shows the analysis result of GIWAXS, respectively. It is drawing which shows the analysis result of GIWAXS, respectively. It is drawing which shows the analysis result of GIWAXS, respectively. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for calculating a K value of Formula A. It is drawing which shows a GISAXS diffraction pattern. It is drawing which shows a GISAXS diffraction pattern. It is drawing which shows a GISAXS diffraction pattern.

Hereinafter, the present application will be described in more detail through examples and comparative examples according to the present application, or the scope of the present application is not limited by the examples presented below.

1. NMR Measurements NMR analysis was performed at room temperature using an NMR spectrometer including a Varian Unity Inova (500 MHz) spectrometer with a triple resonance 5 mm probe. The substance to be analyzed was diluted with a solvent for NMR measurement (CDCl3) to a concentration of about 10 mg / ml, and the chemical transfer was expressed in ppm.

<Applicable abbreviation>
br = wide signal, s = single wire, d = double wire, dd = double wire, t = triple wire, dt = double triple wire, q = quadruplex, p = quintray, m = multiplex line.

2. GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography)
The number average molecular weight (Mn) and the molecular weight distribution were measured using GPC (Gel permeation chromatography). An analyte such as the block copolymer or macroinitiator of the example or comparative example is placed in a 5 mL vial, and diluted to THF (tetrahydrofuran) to a concentration of about 1 mg / mL. Thereafter, the calibration standard sample and the sample to be analyzed were filtered through a syringe filter (pore size: 0.45 μm) and then measured. The analysis program uses Agilent Technologies' ChemStation, compares the sample's elution time with the calibration curve, determines the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn), respectively, and the molecular weight distribution by the ratio (Mw / Mn) (PDI) was calculated. The measurement conditions of GPC are as follows.

<GPC measurement conditions>
Equipment: 1200 series from Agilent Technologies
Column: Polymer Laboratories 2 PLgel mixed B Solvent: THF
Column temperature: 35 ° C
Sample concentration: 1 mg / mL, 200 L injection Standard sample: Polystyrene (Mp: 3900000, 723000, 316500, 52200, 31400, 7200, 3940, 485)

3. GISAXS (Grazing Incidence Small Angle X ray Scattering)
Visual oblique incidence small angle scattering (GISAXS) analysis was performed using Pohan's accelerator 3C beamline. The block copolymer to be analyzed is diluted with fluorobenzene to a solid concentration of about 0.7% by weight to produce a coating solution, and the coating solution is spun at a thickness of about 5 nm on the substrate. Coated. The coat area was adjusted to about 2.25 cm ² (horizontal length: 1.5 cm, vertical length: 1.5 cm). The coated polymer membrane was dried at room temperature for about 1 hour and then thermally annealed at a temperature of about 160 ° C. for about 1 hour to induce a phase separation structure. Subsequently, a film in which a phase separation structure was formed was formed. A detector (2D marCCD) after X-rays are incident on the film at an incident angle in the range of about 0.12 degrees to 0.23 degrees corresponding to the angle between the critical angle of the film and the critical angle of the substrate An X-ray diffraction pattern scattered from the film was obtained. At this time, the distance from the film to the detector was selected within a range where the self-organized pattern formed on the film was observed well within a range of about 2 m to 3 m. As the substrate, a substrate having a hydrophilic surface (a silicon substrate treated with a piranha solution and having a room temperature wetting angle of about 5 degrees with respect to pure water) or a substrate having a hydrophobic surface (HMDS (hexyldimethylsilazane)). A silicon substrate having a normal temperature wetting angle with respect to pure water of about 60 degrees was used.

4). XRD Analysis Method XRD analysis was measured by transmitting X-rays through a sample with a Pohan accelerator 4C beam line and measuring the scattering intensity by the scattering vector (q). As a sample, a polymer synthesized without any special pretreatment was purified, and the polymer in a powder state dried by maintaining it in a vacuum oven for about a day was put into an XRD measurement cell and used. At the time of XRD pattern analysis, X-rays having a vertical size of 0.023 mm and a horizontal size of 0.3 mm were used, and a 2D marCCD was used as a detector. A scattered 2D diffraction pattern was obtained as an image. The obtained diffraction pattern was analyzed by a numerical analysis method using a least square method to obtain information such as a scattering vector and a half width. At the time of the analysis, an origin program is applied, and the portion showing the minimum intensity in the XRD diffraction pattern is set to the baseline, and the intensity is set to zero. The profile of the XRD pattern peak was subjected to Gaussian fitting, and the scattering vector and the half width were obtained from the fitted result. At the time of Gaussian fitting, the R-square (R square) was set to be at least 0.96 or more.

5. Measurement of surface energy The surface energy was measured using a water drop type analyzer (Drop Shape Analyzer, DSA100 product of KRUSS). A substance to be measured (polymer) is diluted with fluorobenzene to a solid concentration of about 2% by weight to prepare a coating solution. The prepared coating solution is applied to a silicon wafer with a thickness of about 50 nm and 4 cm. Spin coating was applied to a coating area of ² (width: 2 cm, length: 2 cm). The coated layer was dried at room temperature for about 1 hour, followed by thermal annealing at about 160 ° C. for about 1 hour. The process of determining the contact angle by dropping deionized water having a known surface tension on the film after thermal aging was repeated five times, and the average value of the five contact angle values obtained was determined. . Similarly, the process of determining the contact angle by removing diiodomethane having a known surface tension was repeated five times, and the average value of the five contact angle values obtained was determined. The surface energy was determined by substituting the numerical value (Strom value) relating to the surface tension of the solvent by the Owens-Wendt-Label-Kaelble method using the average value of the contact angles for the deionized water and diiodomethane thus obtained. The numerical value of the surface energy for each block of the block copolymer was determined by the method described above for a homopolymer produced only with the monomer forming the block.

6). GIWAXS (Grazing Incident Wide Angle X ray Scattering)
Visual oblique incidence wide angle scattering (GIWAXS) analysis was performed using Pohan's accelerator 3C beamline. A single polymer to be analyzed was diluted with toluene to a solid concentration of about 1% by weight to prepare a coating solution, and the coating solution was spin-coated on a substrate at a thickness of about 30 nm. The coat area was adjusted to about 2.25 cm ² (width: 1.5 cm, length: 1.5 cm). The coated polymer film was dried at room temperature for about 1 hour and then thermally annealed at a temperature of about 160 ° C. for about 1 hour to form a film. A detector (2D marCCD) after X-rays are incident on the film at an incident angle in the range of about 0.12 degrees to 0.23 degrees corresponding to the angle between the critical angle of the film and the critical angle of the substrate An X-ray diffraction pattern scattered from the film was obtained. At this time, the distance from the film to the detector was selected within a range in which the crystal or liquid crystal structure formed in the film was well observed within the range of about 0.1 m to 0.5 m. As a substrate, a silicon substrate treated with a piranha solution and having a room temperature wetting angle of about 5 degrees with respect to pure water was used.

Orientation when the azimuth angle of the diffraction pattern in the range of ^{12nm -1 ~16nm} -1 at GIWAXS spectrum (azimuthal angle) -90 to 90 degrees range (the upper direction of the diffraction pattern (out-of-plane diffraction pattern) was 0 ° The scattering intensity at corners was plotted and the half width was obtained from the graph through Gauss fitting. In addition, when only half of the peak was observed at the time of Gaussian fitting, a value twice the half width (FWHM) obtained was defined as the half width of the peak.

7). DSC analysis DSC analysis was performed using a PerkinElmer DSC800 instrument. Using the equipment, the sample to be analyzed is heated from 25 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen atmosphere, and further cooled from 200 ° C. to −80 ° C. at a rate of −10 ° C./min. The temperature was increased from −80 ° C. to 200 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min, and an endothermic curve was obtained. The obtained endothermic curve was analyzed to determine the temperature representing the melting transition peak (melting transition temperature, Tm) or the temperature representing the isotropic transition peak (isotropic transition temperature, Ti), and the area of the peak was determined. In the above, the temperature was defined as the temperature corresponding to the peak of each peak. The area per unit mass of each peak is defined as a value obtained by dividing the area of each peak by the mass of the sample, and such calculation can be performed using a program provided with the DSC equipment.

8). Each variable D, M, K, and L applied to the measurement formula A of X by the formula A can be obtained by the following method.
First, D forms a sample to be analyzed in a solvent (ethanol) whose mass and density in air are known (ethanol) (a homopolymer produced only with a monomer that forms the first block or a second block). The homopolymer produced only with the monomer) is added, the density of each block is obtained through its mass, and the ratio thereof can be calculated.

Further, M can be determined by the molar mass ratio of the monomers forming each block of the block copolymer. For example, in the case of each block copolymer of the example, the first block described later is formed. The molar mass of the monomer of Production Example 1 that is the monomer to be used is 346.5 g / mol, and the molar mass of pentafluorostyrene that forms the second block is 194.1 g / mol. M can be calculated at about 1.79.

L can be determined by the ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms of the monomer forming each block of the block copolymer. For example, in the case of each block copolymer of the example, the first block described later is used. Since the number of hydrogen atoms in the monomer of Production Example 1 which is a monomer that forms s is 34 and the number of hydrogen atoms in pentafluorostyrene that forms the second block is 3, the L is , Approximately 11.3.

Finally, K can be calculated through the area of the spectrum obtained by the NMR measurement method described above. In such a case, if the peaks derived from each block of the block copolymer do not overlap, the peak derived from each block can be calculated. The area can be simply obtained, and K can be obtained through the ratio.

However, when there is a portion where peaks derived from the respective blocks of the block copolymer overlap, the above K must be determined in consideration of this. For example, attached FIG. 18 is an exemplary NMR spectrum of a block copolymer including a unit derived from the compound of Formula A of Preparation Example 1 and a unit derived from pentafluorostyrene applied in the following Examples and Comparative Examples. In the drawing, the part indicated by e and the part indicated by d are the second block, that is, the peak due to the pentafluorostyrene-derived unit, and the remaining a, b, c, f, g, h, i, and j are peaks caused by units derived from the compound of Formula A in Production Example 1. As can be seen from the drawing, the peak indicated by e and g overlaps the peak indicated by d and f. In such a case, the K value must be determined in consideration of the presence or absence of the overlap.

In such a case, a method for obtaining the K value in consideration of the presence or absence of the duplication is known, and for example, the above can be obtained by applying an NMR interpretation program such as a TestReC program.

Production Example 1 Synthesis of Monomer (A) A compound of the following chemical formula A (DPM-C12) was synthesized in the following manner. Hydroquinone (10.0 g, 94.2 mmol) and 1-bromododecane (1-Bromodecane) (23.5 g, 94.2 mmol) were placed in a 250 mL flask and dissolved in 100 mL of acetonitrile. Of potassium carbonate and allowed to react under nitrogen conditions at 75 ° C. for about 48 hours. The potassium carbonate remaining after the reaction was removed by filtering, and acetonitrile used for the reaction was also removed. A mixed solvent of DCM (dichloromethane) and water was added thereto, and the mixture was walked up. The separated organic layer was collected, passed through mgSO ₄ and dehydrated. Subsequently, the target product (4-dodecyloxyphenol) (9.8 g, 35.2 mmol) in a white solid phase was obtained at a yield of about 37% using DCM (dichloromethane) in column chromatography.

<NMR analysis results>
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): d6.77 (dd, 4H); d4.45 (s, 1H); d3.89 (t, 2H); d1.75 (p, 2H); d1.43 (p 2H); d1.33-1.26 (m, 16H); d0.88 (t, 3H).

4-dodecyloxyphenol (9.8 g, 35.2 mmol), methacrylic acid (6.0 g, 69.7 mmol), DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) (10.8 g, 52.3 mmol) and DMAP (p- dimethylaminopyridine) (1.7 g, 13.9 mmol) was added, and 120 mL of methylene chloride was added, followed by reaction at room temperature under nitrogen for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, the salt produced during the reaction (urea salt) was removed with a filter, and the remaining methylene chloride was also removed. In column chromatography, hexane and DCM (dichloromethane) were used as a moving bed to remove impurities, and the resulting product was recrystallized with a mixed solvent of methanol and water (1: 1 mixture) to obtain a white solid phase. The target product (7.7 g, 22.2 mmol) was obtained with a yield of 63%.

<NMR analysis results>
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): d7.02 (dd, 2H); d6.89 (dd, 2H); d6.32 (dt, 1H); d5.73 (dt, 1H); d3.94 (t 2H); d2.05 (dd, 3H); d1.76 (p, 2H); d1.43 (p, 2H); 1.34-1.27 (m, 16H); d0.88 (t, 3H).

In the chemical formula A, R is a linear alkyl group having 12 carbon atoms.

Production Example 2 Synthesis of Monomer (G) A compound of the following chemical formula G was synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 1-bromobutane was used instead of 1-bromododecane. The NMR analysis results of the compound are as follows.

<NMR analysis results>
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): d7.02 (dd, 2H); d6.89 (dd, 2H); d6.33 (dt, 1H); d5.73 (dt, 1H); d3.95 (t 2H); d2.06 (dd, 3H); d1.76 (p, 2H); d1.49 (p, 2H); d0.98 (t, 3H).

In the chemical formula G, R is a linear alkyl group having 4 carbon atoms.

Production Example 3 Synthesis of Monomer (B) A compound of the following chemical formula B was synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 1-bromooctane was used instead of 1-bromododecane. The NMR analysis results for the compound are shown below.

<NMR analysis results>
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): d7.02 (dd, 2H); d6.89 (dd, 2H); d6.32 (dt, 1H); d5.73 (dt, 1H); d3.94 (t 2H); d2.05 (dd, 3H); d1.76 (p, 2H); d1.45 (p, 2H); 1.33-1.29 (m, 8H); d0.89 (t, 3H).

In the chemical formula B, R is a linear alkyl group having 8 carbon atoms.

Production Example 4 Synthesis of Monomer (C) A compound of the following chemical formula C was synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 1-bromodecane was used instead of 1-bromododecane. The NMR analysis results for the compound are shown below.

<NMR analysis results>
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): d7.02 (dd, 2H); d6.89 (dd, 2H); d6.33 (dt, 1H); d5.72 (dt, 1H); d3.94 (t 2H); d2.06 (dd, 3H); d1.77 (p, 2H); d1.45 (p, 2H); 1.34-1.28 (m, 12H); d0.89 (t, 3H).

In the chemical formula C, R is a linear alkyl group having 10 carbon atoms.

Production Example 5 Synthesis of Monomer (D) A compound of the following chemical formula D was synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 1-bromotetradecane was used instead of 1-bromododecane. The NMR analysis results for the compound are shown below.

<NMR analysis results>
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): d7.02 (dd, 2H); d6.89 (dd, 2H); d6.33 (dt, 1H); d5.73 (dt, 1H); d3.94 (t 2H); d2.05 (dd, 3H); d1.77 (p, 2H); d1.45 (p, 2H); 1.36- 1.27 (m, 20H); d0.88 (t, 3H.)

In the chemical formula D, R is a linear alkyl group having 14 carbon atoms.

Production Example 6 Synthesis of Monomer (E) A compound of the following chemical formula E was synthesized in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 1-bromohexadecane was used instead of 1-bromododecane. The NMR analysis results for the compound are shown below.

<NMR analysis results>
¹ H-NMR (CDCl ₃ ): d7.01 (dd, 2H); d6.88 (dd, 2H); d6.32 (dt, 1H); d5.73 (dt, 1H); d3.94 (t 2H); d2.05 (dd, 3H); d1.77 (p, 2H); d1.45 (p, 2H); 1.36- 1.26 (m, 24H); d0.89 (t, 3H)

In the chemical formula E, R is a linear alkyl group having 16 carbon atoms.

GIWAXS and DSC analysis results Six homopolymers were produced using the monomers produced in Production Examples 1 to 6, respectively, and the results of analyzing GIWAXS and DSC for each of them were summarized in Table 1 below. And described. The homopolymer was prepared by a method of synthesizing a macroinitiator using each monomer in Examples or Comparative Examples described later. Moreover, the GIWAXS analysis result with respect to each manufacture example was each described in FIGS. 12 to 17 are drawings showing GIWAXS analysis results for Production Examples 1 to 6, respectively.

In FIG. 12, the R-square (R square) is about 0.264 at the time of Gaussian fitting, the R-square (R square) is about 0.676 in FIG. 16, and the R-square (R square) in FIG. 932.

Example 1.
1.785 g of monomer (A) of Production Example 1, 38 mg of cyanoisoprotyl dithiobenzoate which is a reagent of RAFT (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer), 14 mg of AIBN (Azobisisobutyronitrile) which is a radical initiator and 4 mL of benzene. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then a RAFT (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer) polymerization reaction was performed at 70 ° C. for 4 hours. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol as an extraction solvent, then filtered under reduced pressure and dried to produce a pink macroinitiator. The yield of the macroinitiator was about 83.1% by weight, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 11,400 and 1.15, respectively. A macroinitiator (0.3086 g), pentafluorostyrene monomer (1.839 g) and benzene (0.701 mL) were placed in a 10 mL Schlenk flash and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then subjected to RAFT at 115 ° C. for 4 hours. (Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer) A polymerization reaction was performed. After the polymerization, the reaction solution was precipitated in 250 mL of methanol as an extraction solvent, and then filtered under reduced pressure and dried to produce a light pink block copolymer. The yield of the block copolymer was about 27.1% by weight, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) were 18,900 and 1.19, respectively. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (A) of Production Example 1 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. As a hydrophilic surface with respect to the block copolymer, a result of measuring GISAXS (Grazing Incidence Small Angle X Ray Scattering) by the above-described method with respect to a surface having a normal temperature wetting angle of 5 degrees with respect to pure water is shown in FIG. The results of GISAXS (Grazing Incidence Small Angle X Ray Scattering) measured on a surface having a normal temperature wetting angle of 60 degrees with respect to pure water as a hydrophobic surface are shown in FIG. In any case, it can be confirmed from FIGS. 1 and 2 that the in-plane diffraction pattern is represented by GISAXS.

Example 2
A block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer (B) of Production Example 3 was used instead of the monomer (A) of Production Example 1. Manufactured. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (B) of Production Example 3 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. GISAXS was performed on the block copolymer in the same manner as in Example 1, and in-plane diffraction patterns were confirmed on all hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Example 3 FIG.
A block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer (C) of Production Example 4 was used instead of the monomer (A) of Production Example 1. Manufactured. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (C) of Production Example 4 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. GISAXS was performed on the block copolymer in the same manner as in Example 1, and in-plane diffraction patterns were confirmed on all hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Example 4
A block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer (D) of Production Example 5 was used instead of the monomer (A) of Production Example 1. Manufactured. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (D) of Production Example 5 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. GISAXS was performed on the block copolymer in the same manner as in Example 1, and in-plane diffraction patterns were confirmed on all hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Example 5 FIG.
A block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer (E) of Preparation Example 6 was used instead of the monomer (A) of Preparation Example 1. Manufactured. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (E) of Production Example 6 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. GISAXS was performed on the block copolymer in the same manner as in Example 1, and in-plane diffraction patterns were confirmed on all hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Comparative Example 1
A block copolymer was prepared using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer (G) of Production Example 2 was used instead of the monomer (A) of Production Example 1. Manufactured. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the monomer (G) of Production Example 2 and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. GISAXS was performed on the block copolymer in the same manner as in Example 1, but no in-plane diffraction pattern was observed on all hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Comparative Example 2
A block copolymer was produced using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4-methoxyphenyl methacrylate was used instead of monomer (A) in Production Example 1. . The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the 4-methoxyphenyl methacrylate and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. GISAXS was performed on the block copolymer in the same manner as in Example 1, but no in-plane diffraction pattern was observed on all hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

Comparative Example 3
A block copolymer was produced using a macroinitiator and pentafluorostyrene as monomers in the same manner as in Example 1 except that dodecyl methacrylate was used instead of monomer (A) in Production Example 1. The block copolymer includes a first block derived from the dodecyl methacrylate and a second block derived from the pentafluorostyrene monomer. GISAXS was performed on the block copolymer in the same manner as in Example 1, but no in-plane diffraction pattern was observed on all hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces.

The GPC measurement results for each of the macroinitiators and the produced block copolymers of the above Examples and Comparative Examples are summarized in Table 2 below.

The results of evaluating the characteristics of each of the produced block copolymers by the above-mentioned method are summarized in Table 3 below.

Table 3

Wherein when the result of analyzing the XRD patterns for the block copolymer of the macroinitiator was described summarized in Table 4 below (Comparative Example 3, the range of the scattering vector ^{0.5 nm} -1 up to 10 nm ^-1 No peak was observed).

Test Example 1 Evaluation of Self-Assembled Properties A coating solution prepared by diluting the block copolymer of Example or Comparative Example in fluorobenzene to a solid content concentration of 0.7% by weight is formed on a silicon wafer to a thickness of about 5 nm. Spin coating (coating area: width × length = 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm), drying at room temperature for about 1 hour, and then thermal aging at about 160 ° C. for about 1 hour. an self-assembled film was formed. An SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image was taken with respect to the formed film. 3-7 are SEM images taken for Examples 1-5. As confirmed from the drawings, in the case of the block copolymer of the example, a polymer film self-assembled with a line pattern was effectively formed. On the other hand, in the case of the comparative example, appropriate phase separation was not induced. For example, FIG. 8 shows SEM results for Comparative Example 3, and it can be confirmed that effective phase separation was not induced therefrom.

Test Example 2 Evaluation of self-organization characteristics A polymer film was formed on the block copolymer produced in Example 1 in the same manner as in Test Example 1. Each of the polymer films includes a silicon substrate treated with a pyrana solution having a normal temperature wetting angle of 5 degrees with respect to pure water, a silicon oxide substrate having a wetting angle of about 45 degrees, and an HMDS (hexyldimethylsilazane) having a wetting angle of about 60 degrees. ) Formed on a treated silicon substrate. 9 to 11 are SEM images of the polymer films formed for the wetting angles of 5 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees, respectively. It can be confirmed from the drawing that the block copolymer effectively implements a phase separation structure regardless of the surface characteristics of the substrate.

Test Example 3
Although the block copolymer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, the block copolymer (BCP1 to BCP1) was changed so that the X value of Formula A changed as follows through adjustment of the molar ratio of the monomer and the macroinitiator. BCP4) was produced.

A coating solution prepared by diluting each of the block copolymers with fluorobenzene to a solid concentration of 0.7% by weight is spin-coated on a silicon wafer with a thickness of about 5 nm (coating area: horizontal length = 1) And dried at room temperature for about 1 hour, and then thermally annealed at a temperature of about 160 ° C. for about 1 hour to form a film. GISAXS was measured on the formed film by the method described above, and the results are shown in the drawing. Figures 19-21 are the results for BCP1, BCP2 and BCP3, respectively. From the drawing, it can be seen that in the case of the block copolymer, an inflane diffraction pattern is confirmed on GISAXS. However, in the case of BCP4, a clear result could not be confirmed.

Claims (34)

A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
A film representing an in-plane diffraction pattern of oblique angle incidence small angle scattering can be formed on a surface having a room temperature wetting angle with respect to pure water in the range of 50 to 70 degrees,
A block copolymer capable of forming a film exhibiting an in-plane diffraction pattern of oblique oblique incidence small angle scattering on a surface having a normal temperature wetting angle with respect to pure water in the range of 5 to 20 degrees. A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
The first block represents the peak in azimuth within the range of -90 ° to -70 ° of the diffraction pattern of the scattering vector ^{12nm -1 ~16nm} -1 range GIWAXS spectrum, and the scope of 70 to 90 degrees A block copolymer that exhibits a peak at an azimuth angle. A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
The first block is a block copolymer representing a melting transition peak or an isotropic transition peak within a range of -80 ° C to 200 ° C by DSC analysis. A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
The first block represents a peak having a half-value width in the range of 0.2～0.9Nm ^-1 in scattering vector (q) range of ^{0.5 nm} -1 up to 10 nm ^-1 at XRD analysis, block co Polymer. A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
The first block includes a side chain;
The number (n) of chain-forming atoms in the side chain and the scattering vector (q) determined by XRD analysis for the first block satisfy the following formula 2. Block copolymer:
[Formula 2]
^{3nm -1 ~5nm -1 = nq / (} 2 × π)
In Equation 2, n is the number of chain-forming atoms of the side chain, and q is the smallest scattering vector (q) whose peak is observed in the X-ray diffraction analysis for the block containing the side chain, or the most It is a scattering vector (q) in which a peak with a large peak area is observed. A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
The block copolymer whose absolute value of the difference of the surface energy of the said 1st block and the surface energy of the said 2nd block is 10 mN / m or less. A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
The block copolymer, wherein an absolute value of a difference in density between the first block and the second block is 0.25 g / cm ³ or more. A second block having a chemical structure different from the first block and the first block;
A block copolymer in which the range of X calculated by the following formula A is 1.25 or more:
[Formula A]
X = 1 + (D × M) / (K × L)
In Formula A, D is the ratio (D2 / D1) of the density (D1) of the first block and the density (D2) of the second block, and M is the molar mass (M1) of the first block and the mole of the second block. It is a ratio (M1 / M2) of mass (M2), and K is a peak area (A2) appearing due to the second block and a peak area appearing due to the first block (A2) in ¹ H-NMR. L is a ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms (H1) of 1 mole of repeating units in the first block to the number of hydrogen atoms (H2) of 1 mole of repeating units of the second block. (H1 / H2). The first block satisfying one or more of the following conditions 1 to 4 and a chemical structure different from the first block, and the absolute value of the difference in surface energy from the first block is 10 mN / m or less A block copolymer comprising a second block:
Condition 1: GIWAXS spectrum of ^{12nm -1 ~16nm} -1 range half-width in azimuth azimuth and 70 ° to 90 ° -90 ° to 70 ° of the diffraction pattern of the scattering vector is 5 to 70 degrees Represents a peak that is in range (where azimuth is the azimuth when the angle of the out-of-plane diffraction pattern of the GIWAXS spectrum is 0 degrees):
Condition 2: A melting transition peak or an isotropic transition peak is expressed in the range of −80 ° C. to 200 ° C. of DSC analysis:
Condition 3: half width in the scattering vector (q) in the range of ^{0.5 nm} -1 up to 10 nm ^-1 in the XRD analysis indicates a peak in the range of 0.2～0.9Nm ^-1:
Condition 4: including side chains, the number (n) of chain-forming atoms of the side chains satisfies the scattering vector (q) in XRD analysis and the following mathematical formula 1:
[Formula 1]
^{3nm -1 ~5nm -1 = nq / (} 2 × π)
In Equation 1, n is the number of chain-forming atoms, and q is the smallest scattering vector (q) whose peak is observed by X-ray diffraction analysis on the block copolymer or the peak with the largest peak area. Scattering vector (q). In condition 2, the first block represents all of the melting transition peak and the isotropic transition peak, and the difference (Ti−Tm) between the temperature (Ti) at which the isotropic transition peak appears and the temperature (Tm) at which the melting transition peak appears is 5 The block copolymer according to claim 9, which is in the range of from 0C to 70C. In condition 2, the first block represents all the melting transition peak and the isotropic transition peak, and the ratio (M / I) of the area (I) of the isotropic transition peak to the area (M) of the melting transition peak is 0.1. The block copolymer according to claim 9, which is in the range of ˜500. 10. The block copolymer according to claim 9, wherein in condition 2, the first block exhibits a melting transition peak within a range of −10 ° C. to 55 ° C. 10. The block copolymer according to claim 9, wherein the first block has a side chain under the condition 2 and satisfies the following formula 1.
[Formula 1]
10 ° C. ≦ Tm-12.25 ° C. × n + 149.5 ° C. ≦ 10 ° C.
In Equation 1, Tm is a temperature at which a melting transition peak appears, and n is the number of chain-forming atoms in the side chain. The block copolymer of Claim 9 whose range of X of following Numerical formula 2 is 1.25 or more:
[Formula 2]
X = 1 + (D × M) / (K × L)
In Formula A, D is the ratio (D2 / D1) of the density (D1) of the first block and the density (D2) of the second block, and M is the molar mass (M1) of the first block and the mole of the second block. It is a ratio (M1 / M2) of mass (M2), and K is a peak area (A2) appearing due to the second block and a peak area appearing due to the first block (A2) in ¹ H-NMR. L is a ratio of the number of hydrogen atoms (H1) of 1 mole of repeating units in the first block to the number of hydrogen atoms (H2) of 1 mole of repeating units of the second block. (H1 / H2). The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block or the second block contains an aromatic structure. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first and second blocks include an aromatic structure. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block includes an aromatic structure containing no halogen atom, and the second block includes an aromatic structure containing a halogen atom. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block or the second block includes a side chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block or the second block contains a halogen atom. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block includes a side chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms, and the second block includes a halogen atom. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block or the second block includes an aromatic structure in which side chains having 8 or more chain-forming atoms are connected. The block copolymer according to claim 21, wherein the side chain is linked to the aromatic structure via an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block or the second block includes an aromatic structure in which a halogen atom is substituted. The first block includes an aromatic structure in which side chains having eight or more chain-forming atoms are connected, and the second block includes an aromatic structure including a halogen atom. The block copolymer according to one item. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block includes a side chain having 8 or more chain-forming atoms. 26. The block copolymer according to claim 25, wherein the first block includes a ring structure, and a side chain is substituted with the ring structure. 27. The block copolymer according to claim 26, wherein the ring structure does not contain a halogen atom. The block copolymer according to claim 25, wherein the second block contains 3 or more halogen atoms. 29. The block copolymer according to claim 28, wherein the second block includes a ring structure, and a halogen atom is substituted with the ring structure. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first block is a block including a unit represented by the following chemical formula 1.
In Formula 1, R is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -S (= O) _2- , a carbonyl group, an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, —C (═O) —X _{1 —} or —X ₁ —C (═O) —O—, wherein X ₁ is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —S (═O) _{2 —} , an alkylene group, an alkenylene. A Y or a alkynylene group, Y may be a monovalent substituent comprising a ring structure in which chains having 8 or more chain-forming atoms are linked. The block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second block includes a unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 3:
In Formula 3, X ₂ represents a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, —S (═O) _{2 —} , an alkylene group, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, —C (═O) —X _{1 —} or —X ₁ —C. (═O) —O—, wherein X ₁ is a single bond, oxygen atom, sulfur atom, —S (═O) ₂₋ , alkylene group, alkenylene group or alkynylene group, and W is at least one An aryl group containing a halogen atom. A polymer film comprising the block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is self-assembled. A method for forming a polymer film, comprising: forming a self-assembled polymer film containing the block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9 on a substrate. A first or second block of the block copolymer, which is a self-assembled polymer film including the block copolymer according to any one of claims 1 to 9 formed on a surface of the substrate. The pattern formation method including the step of removing.