JP2017523755A - DC energy transmission device, application examples, components and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The disclosed apparatus includes and / or uses, but is not limited to, all direct current (DC) energy transfer circuits, energy transfer controllers, all DC energy transfer networks, elements used in these circuits, and all DC energy transfer devices. Application devices that benefit from this, including the method of operation of the above according to the present invention. This application device includes, but is not limited to, a hybrid electric vehicle, an electric transportation device, and / or a solar power device, and particularly includes a hybrid electric / internal combustion engine vehicle. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present application includes and / or uses an all direct current (DC) energy transmission device, an energy transmission controller, an all direct current energy transmission network, components used in these circuits, and the all direct current energy transmission device. Disclosed is an apparatus and / or a network and operation method according to the invention as described above. The components may include, but are not limited to, one or more capacitive devices, switch devices, and / or inductive devices, each defined and described in the general and detailed disclosure. Application devices may include, but are not limited to, hybrid electrical transportation means, electrical transportation means, and / or solar power devices. These means of transportation can be automobiles, trucks, buses, trolleys, trains, aircraft, ships or satellites and / or spacecraft that travel on the ground and / or underground. Suitable vehicles are cars, trucks or buses. This vehicle may be manned or unmanned. Solar power devices may include, but are not limited to, devices that transmit energy from solar power arrays and / or solar energy storage, whether on-grid or off-grid.

  Traditionally, direct current (DC) energy from one voltage to another has become a common function in many electrical and electronic systems since at least the beginning of the 20th century.

  As used herein, dynamic electro-state (DES) refers to one or more of the voltage, current, or inductance of one or more nodes relative to a second node in the circuit. The voltage and / or current is determined by measurements between this node and the second node, which can vary with time. Inductance is discussed with respect to inductors. The current can be considered as a rate of change with time of the charge flowing from the node to the second node. The standard units in this document are volts (V) for voltage, amps (Amp) for current, and coulombs (C) for charge. Voltage is synonymous with potential difference in this document.

  Circuits often comprise devices that include, but are not limited to, terminals, multiple nodes, some but not all of the terminals, and / or electrical connections between some but not all of the nodes. The circuit, together with the devices and electrical connections contained therein, constitute a plurality of DES. Each DES may have an electrical state that is shared across multiple nodes for a single second node. In other situations, one or more DES may have an electrical state that varies significantly from one node to another with respect to the second node.

  Some standard devices in the circuit include, but are not limited to, capacitors, resistors, inductors, diodes and / or switches. The prior art will be described for these standard devices.

Capacitors are generally two-terminal devices, and the main electrical property is the capacitance between these terminals. Capacitance is often seen as the capacity of the charge stored in the device, and hence the electrical energy. Capacitors are often configured and / or constructed as two parallel conductive plates separated by a dielectric. The capacitance is usually configured to be directly proportional to the surface area of the conductive plates and inversely proportional to the distance separated between the conductive plates. Capacitance is further considered as a function of the outer shape of the conductive plate and the dielectric constant of the dielectric. The unit of capacitance used in this document is farad. A 1 Farad capacitor is defined as having a 1 volt potential difference between the conductive plates when charged at 1 coulomb. A normal model for capacitance is C = _er e ₀ A / d where C is Farad's capacitance. A is an area where the parallel plates overlap. _er is the dielectric constant of the dielectric. e ₀ is the absolute dielectric constant (approximately 8.854 × 10 ⁻¹² F / meter), and d is the distance between the dielectric plates in meters. Energy is measured in joules (J) and when stored in a capacitor is usually defined as the work in charging the capacitor to its current state. Energy stored in the capacitor is frequently evaluated by CV ^2/2, it is reported in Joules.

An inductor is generally a two-terminal device, and the main electromagnetic characteristic is the inductance between its terminals. Inductors typically include a coil of conductive material often referred to as a wire. This wire connects the two terminals of the inductor. The wires between the terminals are often wound around one axis. In some cases, this winding is essentially symmetrical about the axis. The coil may or may not have a metal core inside. Inductance often refers to an electromagnetic characteristic in which a change in current through a wire induces a voltage (electromotive force) both in the wire itself (self-inductance) and in the vicinity of the wire (mutual inductance). Inductance often varies with time and is often measured as a coil's response to a voltage of a given frequency applied across its terminals, which is sinusoidal. In this document, the unit of inductance is the international standard (SI) unit Henry (H). Reduced to SI basis, 1 Henry is the square of 1 kilogram per second divided by the square of seconds and divided by the square of amperes (kgm ² s ⁻² A ⁻² ). It is common to evaluate inductors at a specific frequency, most often 1 kilohertz, with a sine test pattern.

  The resistance is generally a two-terminal device, and the main electrical characteristic is the resistance between its terminals. Resistance is measured in ohms which are SI units. As used herein, ohm is defined as a resistance that produces a current of 1 ampere when a constant potential difference of 1 volt is applied between two nodes.

  A diode is usually a two-terminal device, and its main electrical characteristic is that the current from the second terminal to the first terminal is passed through the passage resistance while blocking the current from the first terminal to the second terminal.

  A switch refers to either a mechanical switch, a solid switch, and / or an integration of solid and mechanical switches. The switch used in this document includes first and second terminals and a control terminal. If the control terminal is in the closed state, the first and second terminals are connected or closed. If the control terminal is in the open state, the first and second terminals are opened or disconnected.

  The system may include one or more circuits and / or one or more devices. For example, an automobile can be considered as a system that includes a transmission circuit that operates to assist in propulsion of the automobile and an air conditioning device that operates to assist in temperature management in the cabin of the automobile.

  In this document, direct current (DC) DES refers to DES in which a current flows in a direction of only 1 between a first node and a second node. Alternating current (AC) DES refers to DES in which current flows both from a first node to a second node and from the second node to the first node over time.

  The energy transmission device used in this document is a circuit having an input DC terminal, an output DC terminal, and a common terminal, and is a circuit suitable for receiving a direct current DES from the input DC terminal and generating one or more direct current DESs. Say. The input DC DES has an input DC terminal as its first node. The output DC DES has an output DC terminal as its first node. Both the input and output DC DES share a common terminal as the second node.

  For several decades, it has been conventional wisdom to implement energy transmission devices as DC-DC converters. These DC-DC converters use an inverter that converts a DC input DES into an AC internal power DES that drives a primary coil of the converter in response to an AC timing DES. The secondary coil of the converter generates one or more secondary AC DES. This secondary AC DES is then filtered and rectified to produce the output DC DES of the DC-DC converter. Some or all of the AC DES, especially the secondary AC DES, are often implemented with a pair of wires.

  The present application includes an all direct current (DC) energy transfer circuit, an energy transfer controller, an all direct energy transfer network, components used in such a circuit, an apparatus that includes and / or uses the energy transfer device, and Disclosed is an apparatus, a component, and / or a method of operating an apparatus according to the present invention. In this document, the components used in the circuit of the present invention can be used in other applications.

  As used herein, an all DC energy transmission device includes an input DC terminal, an output DC terminal, and a common terminal through which an input DC DES is received from the input DC terminal and one or more outputs are output through the output DC terminal. A DC DES is generated, where the common terminal acts as the second node of both DES. The all-DC energy transmission device comprises at least one internal DES that contributes to the generation of an output DC DES consisting essentially of DC DES, referred to herein as an internal DC DES. The term internal DES refers to either the input terminal or the output terminal used to transmit most of the energy between the input DC terminal and the output DC terminal and, if possible, all within the all DC energy transmission device. There is no more than one node.

  The present disclosure first describes three basic implementations of an all-DC energy transmission device. The first implementation example illustrates the basic operation and capabilities of one embodiment of the present invention. The second and third implementation examples can be used in various application examples such as a hybrid electric / internal combustion engine (ice) vehicle. A preferred embodiment of the second implementation of an all-DC energy transfer device supports a hybrid electric / ICE vehicle that withstands fuel consumption of more than 100 miles per gallon and more than 43 kilometers per liter in meters. To do. The preferred embodiment of the third implementation of the all-DC energy transfer device supports that the hybrid electric / ice vehicle can withstand a fuel consumption of more than 200 miles per gallon or 86 kilometers per liter. The second and third implementations of the all dc energy transmission device are included in the all dc energy transmission network used in devices such as hybrid electric / ice vehicles.

  Returning to the full DC energy transfer device, in some implementations, the internal DES of the DC energy transfer device can further be considered as a predominantly DC DES. In this document, the main DC DES refers to the one in which the voltage and current change with time, but the power spectrum is concentrated near DC or the frequency element in any short time window. As used in this document, short windows are at least 64 minutes, 32 minutes, 16 minutes, 8 minutes, 4 minutes, 2 minutes, 1 minute, 30 seconds, 15 seconds, 8 seconds, 4 seconds, 2 seconds, 1 second. 0.5 seconds, 0.25 seconds, 125 milliseconds (ms), 63 ms, 32 ms, or 16 ms.

  In some implementations, the device comprises an energy transfer controller adapted to generate at least one control DES in response to the input DC DES and / or the output DC DES, which is received by the all DC energy transfer device. Then, the operation may be instructed by responding to the control DES. This control DES may indicate Boolean theoretical values of “0” and “1”, which can be implemented in several different ways as described in the detailed description.

  The apparatus of the present application can include, but is not limited to, hybrid electrical transportation means, electrical transportation means, and / or solar power transportation means. These means of transportation can be automobiles, trucks, buses, trolleys, trains, aircraft, ships and satellites, and / or spacecraft for surface and / or underground movement. Suitable vehicles are cars, trucks or buses. Any of these means of transportation may be manned or unmanned. Solar power devices are, but are not limited to, solar power cells and / or solar energy stores, which can be on-grid or off-grid.

  Components can include, but are not limited to, capacitive devices, switch devices, and / or inductive devices.

FIG. 1 shows a simplified embodiment for the first three implementations of a system comprising an all DC energy transmission device and an energy transmission controller. FIG. 2 shows the system of FIG. 1 according to the invention using an all-DC energy transmission device and an energy transmission controller, in particular a vehicle, which is a hybrid vehicle of electricity and internal combustion engine (ice). FIG. 3 shows the vehicle and / or automobile of FIG. 2 where one unit of fuel is supplied on the right hand side of the road and the unit of fuel is consumed over a certain distance. FIG. 4 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 5 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 6 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 7 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 8 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 9 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 10 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 11 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 12 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 13 shows an all DC energy transmission network having an all DC energy transmission device and an all DC step down (SD) stage, which has the advantage that only one step down stage is operated at a time in the entire network. FIG. 14 shows an all DC energy transmission network having an all DC energy transmission device and three all DC SD stages, with the advantage that only one step-down stage is operated at a time in the entire network. 15A-13I illustrate some features of one or more first capacitive devices, which are also applicable to one or more other capacitive devices. FIG. 16 is an overview of some of the devices of the present invention that can be individually manufactured based on or adapted to meet the requirements of various embodiments and / or implementations of the present invention. FIG. 17 illustrates that one or more energy transfer controllers may include one or more embodiments of at least one portion of the group consisting of a controller, a computer, a computing arrangement, and a non-volatile memory that includes one or more memory contents. Indicates. FIG. 18 illustrates some examples of the program components of FIG. 17, any of which may be at least one of an all dc energy transfer device, an all energy transfer network, and / or a system, particularly in a hybrid electric / ICE vehicle. At least one element of a method of operating and / or using a department may be implemented.

  The present invention includes an all direct current (DC) energy transfer circuit, an energy transfer controller, an all dc energy transfer network, components used in such a circuit, an all dc energy transfer device, and / or a device that benefits from use. And a method for operating the above according to the present invention. The detailed description begins with a definition of some terms potentially related to the interpretation of the claims and the description of the implementation of these claims herein. Three basic implementations of an all-DC energy transmission device are described. Also disclosed are details of various combinations and alternatives of the invention.

  Certain terms are defined in the following summary of the invention, the detailed description of the invention, the following claims, and the accompanying drawings. These features are, for example, parts, materials, elements, devices, apparatus, systems, groups, ranges, method steps, test results, and instructions including program instructions.

  It is to be understood that the present disclosure herein includes all possible combinations of such specific features. For example, if a particular feature is disclosed with respect to a particular embodiment, a particular embodiment, a particular claim, or a particular drawing, generally in the present invention, unless the context excludes that possibility. This feature can also be used in combination with other specific aspects, examples, claims and drawings.

  The invention disclosed in this specification and the claims includes embodiments not specifically described in the present specification and, for example, provides the same, equivalent, or similar functions as the features specifically disclosed in the present specification. Features not specifically described in this document may be used.

  The terms “comprising” and grammatically equivalent mean that in addition to the specifically identified features, optionally have other features. For example, a configuration or device “includes” elements A, B and C may include only elements A, B and C, or only elements A, B and C. One or more other elements may be included. The terms “comprising” and “including” are interpreted similarly.

  The words “consisting essentially of” and grammatically equivalent words mean that in addition to the specifically identified features, there may be other features that do not substantially alter the claimed invention.

  “At least” before a number used in this document refers to a range that begins with that number (this is a range with or without an upper limit, depending on the variables specified). For example, “at least 1” means 1 or more than 1 and “at least 80%” means 80% or more than 80%.

  “Maximum” in front of a number used in this document refers to a range ending with that number (this is a range where the lower limit is 1 or 0, or there is no lower limit, depending on the variables specified). For example, “Maximum 4” is less than 4 or 4, and “Maximum 40%” is less than 40% or 40%. When a range is given by “(first number) to (second number)” or “(first number) − (second number)”, the lower limit is the first number and the upper limit is It means a range that is the second number. For example, “8 to 20 carbon atoms” or “8-20 carbon atoms” means a range of carbon atoms having a lower limit of 8 and an upper limit of 20 carbon atoms. In this document, the term “plural, multiple, multiple, multiplicity” refers to two or more features.

  Where this document describes a method comprising two or more defined steps, the defined steps may be performed in any order or at the same time (unless the context excludes that possibility) Well, this method optionally selectively, before any defined step, between two defined steps, or after all defined steps, unless the context excludes that possibility. One or more other steps may be provided.

  Where the description in this document is made up of “first” and “second” features, it is usually done for a specific purpose, unless the context requires otherwise, and the first and second features may be the same. It may be different, and the description of the first feature does not necessarily have the second feature (may be).

  Reference to “1” or “one” feature in this document includes the possibility of two or more of this feature (unless the context excludes that possibility). Thus, there may be a single feature or a plurality of this feature. References to two or more features in this document will replace two or more features that provide the same function with a fewer or greater number of features unless the context excludes that possibility. Including possibilities.

  The numbers given in this document should be construed to the extent appropriate to the context and description, for example, each number can be measured by traditional methods used by those skilled in the art at the filing date of this specification. Subject to variables according to the system.

  As used herein, the term “and / or” means that there are either or both of the two possibilities listed before and after “and / or”. These possibilities can be, for example, parts, materials, elements, devices, apparatuses, systems, groups, ranges and steps. For example, “member A and / or member B” has three possibilities: (1) only member A, (2) only member B, and (3) both member A and member B This is the case. Similarly, A, B and / or C is understood as (A and / or B) and / or C, which is the same as A and / or (B and / or C) unless otherwise specified. .

  Means of any element of the claims of this document to perform a specific function under 35 USC 112 provision without a detailed description of the structure, material, or operation that the claim element supports in the claim Corresponding combinations, materials, or operations described in the specification for that purpose, the corresponding structures, materials, or operations of interest are described in the specification. The corresponding structures, materials, or operations specified, and equivalents of such structures, materials, or operations, as well as those structures, materials, or operations described in U.S. patent documents incorporated by reference herein, and These structures, materials or equivalents of operation are included. Similarly, any element of a claim may perform a particular function without details supporting the structure, material, or operation of the claim (even if not specified using the word “means”). A corresponding structure, material or operation of interest is the corresponding structure, material or operation specified in the specification, and such structure, material or operation, if exactly understood to be equal to the means or steps to perform. As well as equivalents of such structures, materials or operations as described in US patent documents incorporated by reference herein.

  This specification incorporates, by reference, all documents referenced herein by application data sheet and all documents filed concurrently with this specification or previously filed with respect to this application. It is not limited to documents that can be viewed by the public.

  The first three implementations of an all-DC energy transfer device can be summarized as follows: The first implementation exhibits the basic operation and performance of one embodiment of the present invention. The second and third implementation examples can be used for various application examples such as a hybrid electric / internal combustion engine (ice) automobile. A preferred embodiment of the second implementation of an all-DC energy transfer device supports hybrid electric / ice vehicles that demonstrate fuel economy of at least 100 miles per gallon and at least 43 kilometers per liter of fuel such as gasoline in meters To do. The preferred embodiment of the third implementation of the all-DC energy transfer device supports a fuel economy demonstration of at least 200 miles per gallon or at least 86 kilometers per liter in a hybrid electric / ice vehicle.

  FIG. 1 shows a simplified embodiment for the first three implementations of a system 180 comprising an all DC energy transfer device 100 and an energy transfer controller 170.

  In its simplest form, the all-DC energy transmission device 100 comprises an input DC terminal 102, an output DC terminal 104, and a common terminal 106, as in the definition of energy transmission device described above. The all-DC energy transmission device 100 is adapted to transmit electrical energy to the output DC DES 112 of the output DC terminal 104 through one or more internal DESs 114 in response to the input DC DES 110 at the input DC terminal 102. The DES 114 consists essentially of a direct current DES. By definition, DC DES is adapted to flow current in only one direction. In this example, the first node 1 of the internal DC DES 114 is connected to the second terminal 2 of the switch SW1 140, and the second node 2 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the inductor L1 150.

  The all-DC energy transmission apparatus 100 includes a first capacitive device C1 130, a second capacitive device C2 160, a switch SW1 140, and an inductive device L1 150. The first capacitive device C1 130, the second capacitive device C2 160, the switch SW1 140, and the inductive device L1 150 each have a first terminal 1 and a second terminal 2. The switch SW1 140 further includes a control terminal C. This switch SW1 130 is adapted to close the connection between the first terminal 1 and the second terminal 2 of the switch to the closed state 174 and open the connection to the open state 176, where the closed state is The open state is realized through control terminal 108 as a response to control DES 182 of the control terminal (such as node 1) for a common terminal such as node 2.

  In some implementations, the all-DC energy transmission device 100 further comprises:

  The input DC terminal 102 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the first capacitive device C1 130 and is connected to the first terminal 1 of the switch SW1 140.

  The second terminal 2 of the first capacitive device C1 130 is connected to the common terminal 106.

  The second terminal 2 of the switch SW1 140 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the inductive device L1 150.

  The second terminal 2 of the inductive device L1 150 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the second capacitive device C2 160 and the output DC terminal 104.

  The second terminal 2 of the second capacitive device C2 160 is connected to the common terminal 106.

  1 also provides a closed state 174 or an open state 176 to switch SW1 140 via control terminal 108 by generating a control DES 182 in response to detection of input DC DES 110 and / or output DC DES 112. An energy transfer controller 180 adapted to operate the DC energy transfer device 100 is shown. The energy transfer controller 180 may also include an estimated input DES 178 and / or an estimated output 180 in some implementations.

  In some implementations, the DC energy transfer device is responsive to the input DC DES and at least the output DC DES to generate at least one control DES for receiving and managing the configuration of the DC energy transfer device. An energy transfer controller adapted to the above may be provided. This DC energy transfer device is adapted to set its operation in response to a control DES. The control DES may represent a Boolean value such as “0” or “1”, which can be achieved in several different ways.

  For example, it is a common practice to implement these Boolean values in two non-overlapping voltage ranges, for example “0” represents a voltage range of 0 to 1 volt, and “1” represents 2 to 3.4 volts. Represents the voltage range.

  In another example, “0” represents a negative range, eg, −1.5 to −0.75 volts, and “1” represents a positive voltage range, eg, 0.75 to 1.5 volts. It is also a common practice. This type of signaling is sometimes called differential signaling.

  Those skilled in the art will understand that such control DES conventions do not affect the internal DES of all DC energy transmission devices, whether the internal DES is 1 or higher.

  FIG. 1 also illustrates that in some implementations of the system 180, the common terminal 106 is connected to a possible filter common generator, which is further filtered into the energy transfer controller 170. Indicates that you may provide. This filtered common is supplied to protect the energy transfer controller 170 from noise, so that the power supply circuit of the all-DC energy transfer device 100 is not affected.

  A mounting example of the all-DC energy transmission device 100 will be described below. The first implementation example shows a test circuit system 180 as shown in FIG. 1, wherein the connection from the second terminal 2 of the switch SW1 140 to the first terminal 1 of the inductive device L1 150 further comprises a first diode D1. Yeah. The connection between the second terminal 2 of the inductor L1 150 and the first terminal 1 of the second capacitor C2 160 further comprises a second diode D2. Since these diodes reliably pass current in only one direction, these diodes D1, D2 attenuate the undershoot that can result from the opening and closing of the switch SW1 140, and more reliably make the internal DES 114 essentially DC DES. And

The capacitors used for capacitive devices C1 and C2 were all set to 1800 micro (10 ⁻⁶ ) farads at 450 volts. However, when testing each of these capacitors, the individual capacitances ranged from 1600 microfarads. These were tested with resistance, capacitance, and inductance (RCL) meters. Each of these capacitors was labeled with the measured capacitance.

  The first capacitive device C1 130 uses three capacitors arranged in series and supports operating voltages up to 1000 volts with a capacitance of 530.76 microfarads.

  The second capacitive device C2 160 was tested with several parallel placements of capacitors, with 1 to 5 capacitors numbered in parallel, bringing the aggregate capacitance to approximately 1600 microfarads.

  Switch SW1 140 is a mechanical switch that is adapted for operation above 1000V and has the ability to handle the current of all DC energy transfer device 100.

  To summarize these tests, the input DC DES was measured at 40 volts. The output DC DES was about 15.65 volts. The energy transmitted from the first capacitive device C1 130 to the second capacitive device C2 was 0.2379 Joules. The energy transfer efficiency was estimated at about 83.34%. As a result, this all DC energy transmission device has an energy transfer efficiency of at least K%, where K is at least 65, and according to the inventor's demonstration, K is more than 75%, and K is more than 83. sell.

The first test was performed to establish a baseline. Various voltage measurements were made using DC measurement grade meters up to 10 ⁻⁶ Joule units. For the most part, recording was done up to 4 significant digits. These instruments are calibrated with both in-house standards and comparative voltage measurements from recently purchased equipment set to the manufacturer's technical specifications by a calibration laboratory certified by the seller. It was.

  FIG. 2 is a system 180 of FIG. 1, which uses the all-DC energy transmission device 100 and the energy transmission controller 180 to apply to the vehicle 200, which is a hybrid vehicle 210 of electric and internal combustion engine (ice) according to the present invention. Indicates the implementation. The motor vehicle 210 comprises the elements of the system 180 of FIG. 1 and fuel 220 is also controllably supplied to the ICE 222. The ICE 222 is operated to supply energy to the generator 230, and the electrical output of the generator is supplied to the input DC terminal 102 of the all DC energy transmission device 100. In this simplified depiction, the output DC terminal 104 is connected to an electric motor 250 that drives one or more shafts that rotate the wheel of the automobile.

  FIG. 3 is the vehicle 220 and / or automobile 230 of FIG. 2, with the fuel unit 220 being supplied on the right hand side of the road 330. The vehicle 200 and / or automobile 210 travels from the right to the left side of the drawing as indicated by an arrow, where the vehicle 220 and / or automobile 230 travels a distance 310 to indicate that this fuel unit 220 is consumed. Yes.

  In the second implementation example, the energy transmission device 100 in the all-DC energy transmission network 200 operates in a hybrid electric / internal combustion engine (ice) automobile 210, and the fuel consumption of a fuel such as gasoline is reduced to 100 per gallon. Withstand more than mile, more than 43 kilometers per liter in metric units. Alternatively, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected cruising range is 100 miles or more. When the unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected cruising distance is 43 kilometers or more.

  This third implementation is suitable for the energy transmission device 100 in the all-DC energy transmission network 200 to withstand the fuel consumption of the automobile 210 over 200 miles per gallon or over 86 kilometers per liter. Alternatively, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected cruising range is 200 miles or more. When the unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected cruising distance is 86 kilometers or more.

  4-11 are energy transmissions in the vehicle 200 and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle 210 of FIG. 2 that support the second and / or third implementations of the all DC energy transmission device 100 of FIG. 3 shows some detailed examples of the all-DC energy transmission network 220 of FIG. These figures are first described individually, and then they are described together to support the second and / or third implementation.

  4 shows the all-DC energy transfer network 220 of FIG. 2, which includes the all-DC energy transfer device 100 of FIG. 1 and two all-DC step-down (SD) stages 400-1, further details shown in FIG. 400-1. The all-DC energy transmission network 220 may comprise a high energy terminal 202, a common terminal 106, and a service terminal 204, as initially shown in FIG. The all-DC energy transfer network 220 may further comprise a plurality of control terminals labeled 208A through 208E, as also initially shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 4, the control DES of each control terminal 208 </ b> A to 208 </ b> E with respect to the common terminal 106 will be described in terms of opening and closing the switch in the related elements.

  For example, the control DES A being “closed” means that the condition for opening the switch SW1 140 in the all DC energy transmission device 100 is provided to the control terminal 208A as shown in FIG.

  In another example, the control DES B being “open” means that the control terminal 208B is provided with a condition for opening the switch SW4 450 in the first full DC step-down stage 400 as shown in FIG. .

  As a third example, “closed” of the control DES C means that a condition for closing the switch SW2 410-2 is provided to the control terminal 2008C.

  FIG. 5 shows some details of one or more embodiments of the all DC step-down (SD) stage 400-1 and / or 400-2 of FIG. Each direct current SD stage initially comprises an input DC terminal 402, an output DC terminal 404, a control terminal 408, and a common terminal 106, as shown in FIG. The all-DC SD stage further comprises a switch SW4 540, a second inductor L2 550, and a third capacitive device C3 560.

  For the purpose of simplifying the description and analysis of FIGS. 4-11, assume that the control DES for control terminals 208C, 209E will never close at the same time. Thereby, the analysis of the DES state at the service terminal 204 of FIG. 2 is realized under the assumption that these conditions can be addressed by the energy stored in the third capacitive device C3 560 as shown in FIG. . While this simplification is useful for understanding the operation and analysis of the present invention, it does not exclude that the energy transfer controller 280 of FIG. 2 handles these control DES in any combination deemed useful. .

  FIG. 6 shows an improvement of the all-DC energy transmission network 220 of FIG. 4, which includes third and fourth all-DC SD stages 400-3, 400-4. The all-DC energy transmission network 220 also includes four additional control terminals 208F-208I. As before, at most one of the switches SW2 410-2, SW3 420-3, SW4 420-4, or SW5 420-5 is closed at the same time. While this simplification helps to understand the operation and analysis of the present invention, it does not exclude that the energy transfer controller 280 of FIG. 2 operates these control DES in any combination deemed useful. Absent. However, the control DES applied to the control terminal C 408 of the four all direct current SD stages 400-1 to 400-4 may or may not be simultaneously closed. Closing two of these internal switches of the full DC SD stage will simultaneously charge 2/3 of the capacitive device C3 560 of FIG. 5, but each of these capacitive devices is specifically the third implementation. In the example, it is useful to be discharged separately.

  FIG. 7 shows an improvement of FIG. 4 in which the all dc energy transfer network 220 further comprises a fifth all dc SD stage 400-5. This dual-stage all-DC energy transmission device 700 includes a first all-DC energy transmission device 100-1 and a fifth all-DC step-down (SD) stage 400-5. The terminals of the dual stage all dc energy transmission device 700 include an input DC terminal 102 and a common terminal 106 (as described below). In order to avoid confusion, reference numeral 404 is attached to the output terminal so as to be consistent with this figure. The output DC terminal 104 of the first all DC energy transmission device 100-1 is connected to the input DC terminal 402 of the fifth all DC step-down (SD) stage, as shown. This dual stage all dc energy transfer device 700 is the fifth one and supports a two-step step down of the internal voltage, so that in some implementations, the first and second The need for service DES of the first to fourth all DC step-down stages is reduced as implemented by the two all DC SD stages 400-1 and 400-2.

  FIG. 8 is an improved version of the all-DC energy transmission network 220 of FIG. 6, in which the first all-DC energy transmission device 100-1 is replaced with a dual stage energy transmission device 700. This replacement leads to a potential benefit similar to that described in FIG. 7 in combination with the potential benefits associated with FIG. 6, as described above.

  9A-9C show four possible implementations of an all-DC energy transfer device 900 with a shared output inductor L3 950. FIG.

  In FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B, the all DC energy transmission device having the shared inductor 900 includes an example of the all DC energy transmission device 100.

  In FIG. 9A, the output DC terminal 104 of the all-DC energy transmission device 100 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950. The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected to the shared output DC terminal 904.

  In FIG. 9B, the output DC terminal 104 of the all DC energy transmission device 100 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950 through the fifth diode D5. The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected to the shared output DC terminal 904 through the sixth diode D6.

  In FIG. 9C and FIG. 9D, an all DC energy transmission device with a shared inductor 900 includes an example of a dual all DC energy transmission device 700.

  In FIG. 9C, the output DC terminal 404 of the dual all DC energy transmission device 700 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950. The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected to the shared DC terminal 904.

  In FIG. 9D, the output DC terminal 104 of the dual all DC energy transmission device 700 is connected to the first terminal 1 of the third inductive device L3 950 through the seventh diode D7. The second terminal 2 of the third inductive device L3 950 is connected to the shared output DC terminal 904 through the eighth diode D8.

  FIG. 10 shows an example implementation of the all-DC energy transmission network 220 of the previous figure, showing an all-DC energy transmission device with a shared inductor 900, two all-DC capacitive stages 1000-1, 1000-2, 2 Two switches SW2 410-2 and SW3 410-3. Sharing the third inductor L3 950 as shown in FIGS. 9A-9D eliminates the need for an inductor in all DC capacitive stages 1000-1 and 1000-2 as shown in FIG. This implementation is useful in some implementations of the all DC energy transmission network 220.

  FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of an all-DC capacitive stage for an all-DC energy transfer device having the shared inductor 900 shown in FIGS. 9A-9D.

  FIG. 12 is an improvement of the all-DC energy transmission network 220 of FIG. 10 and further includes third and fourth all-DC capacitive stages 1000-3 and 100-4.

  The following assumes an initial application of the hybrid electric-ice vehicle 210 of FIGS. The automobile 210 weighs about 3000 pounds, or about 1361 kilograms. The electric motor 250 needs to deliver approximately 50 kilowatts of power continuously to withstand the normal use of the automobile 210, for example 55 miles per hour to climb a 5% gradient at 70 miles per hour when cruising. The automobile 210 generates energy by driving a generator 230 with an internal combustion engine (ICE) 222 and supplies it to the all DC energy transmission network 220 through the high energy terminal 204, thereby repeatedly applying the all DC energy transmission network. Repeat 220 charging. Turning on ICE 222 consumes fuel 220 and charges all DC energy transmission network 220 so that electric motor 250 can be powered through service terminal 204.

  FIG. 13 shows an all DC energy transmission network 220 comprising an all DC energy transmission device 100 and an all DC step down (SD) stage 400, where the input DC terminal 402 of the DC SD stage 400 is a high energy terminal 202. This effectively shares the energy stored in the first capacitive device C1 130 of FIG. 1 with the first terminal 1 of the fourth switch SW4 of FIG. The network 220 can have an effect of having a step-down stage in which only one is operated at a time in the entire network.

  FIG. 14 shows an all DC energy transmission network 220 having an all DC energy transmission device 100 and three all DC step down (SD) stages 400-1, 400-2, 400-3, where each DC The input DC terminal 402 of the SD stage 400-1, 400-2, 400-3 is connected to the high energy terminal 202, which transfers the energy stored in the first capacitive device C1 130 of FIG. Each of 400-1, 400-2, and 400-3 is efficiently shared with the first terminal 1 of the fourth switch SW4 shown in FIG. The network 220 can have an effect of having a step-down stage in which only one is operated at a time in the entire network.

  One commercial goal of all DC energy transmission device 100 and all DC energy transmission network 220 is to increase travel distance 310 through consumption of unit 320 of fuel 220. Energy efficiency is considered as the ratio of the distance traveled by the ICE to the distance traveled by the electric motor. Fuel efficiency is rated in units 320 of fuel 220 relative to travel distance 310.

  In the second implementation, the energy transmission device 100 in the all-DC energy transmission network 200 needs to support a fuel such as gasoline of 100 miles per gallon or 43 kilometers per liter in meters.

  The ICE 222 is operated for 30 seconds to generate 50 kilowatts and supplied to the full DC energy transfer network 220, before the ICE is run again and the energy transfer cycle is repeated, and the ICE is operated for more than 100 seconds under the above operating conditions. Assume that 250 is charged and discharged. Here, there are 36 intervals of 100 seconds per hour, so the ICE runs for 18 minutes per hour. A car 210 that runs at 70 miles per hour and 40 miles per gallon consumes approximately 1.75 gallons at 70 miles. With this all DC energy transfer network 220, the ICE runs only 18 minutes per hour, thus consuming 0.5 gallons per hour, which results in a fuel consumption of 140 miles per gallon or 60 kilometers per liter. Driving the automobile 210 at a lower speed often increases fuel efficiency. It should also be noted that in a setting that targets 100 miles per gallon, there is room for analysis of empirical factors that are not visible here but achieve commercial goals.

  Regarding the derivative of the element of the second implementation example. Recalling FIG. 1, assume that switch SW1 140 is open. Energy transfer from the input DC terminal 102 begins when the energy stored in the first capacitive device 130 reaches its charge threshold. When the energy stored in the first capacitive device exceeds its charging threshold, the first switch SW1 is closed and the energy is transferred from the first to the second capacitive device C2 160 to the inductive device L1 150. Begins to flow through. The energy efficiency of the energy transfer device 100 is such that how much energy is stored before the switch SW1 140 opens the connection between the terminals 1 and 2 of the switch relative to how much energy is stored in the first capacitive device C1 130 at the start. Is transmitted to the second capacitive device C2 160.

  15A-13I illustrate at least some features of the first capacitive device 1310, which are also applicable to one or more of the other capacitive devices C2 160, C3 560, and / or C4 1160. is there.

In order to store 5-6 megajoules in the first capacitive device C1 130, this capacitor needs to be in the range of 1 to 1.4 farads and the voltage must be in the range of 2700 to 3000 volts. Is from the prior art _{C = e r e 0 A /} d, where C is the area capacitance, A is the overlapping parallel plates Farad, _{e r} is the dielectric constant of the dielectric, _{e 0} is the permittivity of vacuum (approximately 8 .854 * 10 ⁻¹² F / meter), d is the distance meter of the plate.

FIG. 15A is a plan view of the first capacitive device C1 130. FIG. This first capacitive device comprises an electrode plate shaped like a part of a circle, such as a circle or a quarter circle. The first capacitive device C1 130 may comprise four separate capacitive quarters C11 to C14. These capacitive quadrants may be electrically coupled and glued together to form the first capacitive device C1 130. The diameter D1 of the capacitive device may be at least one of the group consisting of 1.2 meters, 1 meter, 0.75 meters, 0.5 meters, and 0.25 meters. The overlapping area of the plate is approximately 0.25 * pi * D1 ^2.

  FIG. 15B is a simplified diagram of a cross-section of one of the capacitive quarter circles, eg, C14 of FIG. 15A. This cross section may include an assembly of layers and plates. In this example, the layer is a layer of dielectric 1330. The dielectric 1330 is a ceramic and can be, for example, essentially one or more elements of the group consisting of barium titanate, barium titanate-strontium, or strontium titanate. The dielectric 1330 is provided in powder form and is, for example, highly compressed or processed to eliminate capacitance loss voids and / or moisture. Such a powder is called “sintered”. The layer of dielectric 1330 has an intrinsic thickness of d, where d is designed as the distance between plate 1 and plate 2. Electrode 1 1310 includes all plates 1. Electrode 2 1320 includes all plates 2. Electrode 1 1310 and Electrode 2 1320 are made of essentially the same material, for example, an alloy of metal elements, where the metal elements may further be elements of the tin and aluminum group.

  FIG. 15C shows the layers of FIG. 15B in more detail and further comprises at least one battery 1340 layer, resistor 1350 layer, and / or diode 1360 layer. The battery 1340 layer is used to further store energy that can be released over a longer time than the energy released between the plates 1 and 2 and the dielectric layer. The resistor 1350 layer excludes one or more resistors from being a separate element in the all DC energy transfer device 100. The diode 1360 layer acts to protect the first capacitive device C1 130 from an undershoot situation in the all DC energy transfer device 100.

  FIG. 15D is an AA cross-sectional view of the capacitive element C14 of FIG. 15A.

  FIG. 15E is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 15D, in which the individual plates of the first electrode 1310 constitute the first electrode, and the individual plates of the second electrode 1320 constitute the second electrode. , And the arrangement of the dielectric 1330 separating the two electrodes 1310 and 1320 plates.

  15F-15H show examples of one or more sides of one or more plates of one or more electrodes having fingers such as carbon nanotubes deposited and / or grown on the sides of the plates. These fingers are, for example, carbon nanotubes, and can increase the effective surface area by a ratio of at least 110%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 250% of the visible area of the plate. These features can improve the capacitance of, for example, C1, C2, C3, and / or C4 capacitive devices at the same rate, while reducing the size and weight required for the device.

  FIG. 15F shows a plate of first electrode 1 1310 on which carbon nanotubes 1312 are deposited and / or grown on a first surface.

  FIG. 15G shows a plate of second electrode 2 1320 on which carbon nanotubes 1312 are deposited and / or grown on a first surface.

  FIG. 15H shows one of the electrodes 1310 on which carbon nanotubes 1312 are deposited and / or grown on two sides of the plate. This figure is also applicable to the second electrode 2 1320.

  FIG. 15I shows that the first capacitive device C1 130 includes m C1.1 130.1 through C1. m 130. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a first terminal of the first capacitive device C1 130 having m and having their first terminals connected. C1.1 to C1. The second terminals 2 up to m are also connected to form the second terminal of C1 130. Such a circuit combination is called a parallel circuit of components. In this document, m is at least 2.

  An implementation example of the second capacitive device C2 150 may include a circuit as shown in FIG. 15I, for example, where m is 6. In the second implementation, the service voltage between the service terminal and the common terminal is 64 volts or a small multiple of 64 volts. For the time being, the service voltage is 64 volts, and the second capacitive device C2 is required to store 2 million or more joules. Elements C2.1 to C2. m is a stack of supercapacitors (continuous circuit), and each stack can implement 125 farads at 64 volts. Such components are now in mass production.

  In some implementations, any or all combinations of features of capacitive device C1 130 may be implemented in any other or all capacitive devices C2 160, C3 560, and / or C4 1160.

  In some of the second implementations of the all-DC energy transfer network 220, the preferred assembly as shown in FIGS. 4, 7, and 10 comprises two output stages, each of which can be charged and discharged individually. Is preferred.

  In some of the second implementations of the all DC energy transmission network 220, a single stage all DC energy transmission device 100 is preferred as shown in FIGS.

  In some of the second implementations of the all-DC energy transfer network 220, a two-output stage all-DC energy transfer device 700 is preferred, as shown in FIGS.

  In some of the second implementations of the all-DC energy transfer network 220, a shared output inductor of the all-DC energy transfer device 900 is preferred, as shown in FIGS. In these figures, the all DC capacitive stage is implemented as shown in FIG.

  The all-DC energy device 900 having a common inductor may implement a single-stage all-DC energy transmission device 100 as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, or a two-stage as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D. The all-DC energy transmission device 700 may be mounted.

  The common inductor L3 950 may be directly connected between the output DC terminal 104 and the common output DC terminal 904, as shown in FIG. 9A. Alternatively, the common inductor L3 950 may be connected across the fifth diode D5 and / or the sixth diode D6 between the output DC terminal 104 and the common output DC terminal 904, as shown in FIG. 9B.

  The common inductor L3 950 may be directly connected between the output DC terminal 404 and the common output DC terminal 904, as shown in FIG. 9C. Alternatively, the common inductor L3 950 may be connected across the seventh diode D7 and / or the eighth diode D8 between the output DC terminal 404 and the common output DC terminal 904, as shown in FIG. 9D, respectively. .

  In the third implementation example of the all-DC energy transmission network 220, the energy transmission device 100 in the all-DC energy transmission network 200 operates in the automobile 210 and supports fuel consumption of more than 200 miles per gallon or more than 86 kilometers per liter. I want you to remember that it fits. Alternatively, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected cruising range is 200 miles or more. If the unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected cruising range is 86 kilometers or more.

  If manufacturing cost is an important concern in automobile manufacturing, a reliable and simple circuit is preferred. However, if the second fuel economy of the automobile 210 can provide twice the fuel efficiency, there is a great business value especially when such development is immediately reflected in the market.

  If the requirements of the second implementation of the all-DC energy transfer network 220 are satisfied using two all-DC SD stages 400-1 and 400-2 as shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the third implementation example in which the all-DC energy transmission network 220 uses four all-DC SD stages 400-1 to 400-4 is preferable.

  If the requirements of the second implementation of the all-DC energy transfer network 220 are met with two all-DC capacitive stages 1000-1 and 1000-2 as shown in FIG. 10, the total DC energy as shown in FIG. A third implementation example in which the transmission network 220 uses four all DC capacitive stages 1000-1 to 1000-4 is preferred.

  Inductive devices L1 150, L2 550, and L3, 950 can be initially implemented with commercially available inductors.

  However, it may be necessary to improve the cooling and calibration of the inductor.

  Inductors specific to the performance of various implementations of the all-DC energy transfer device 100 and / or the all-DC energy transfer network 220 are preferred and their performance design is low in their normal operation as well as the high energy passing through them. Reflects both frequencies.

  Inductors suitable for use in various implementations of the present invention further require a cooling layer of a dielectric liquid, such as mineral oil.

  The switches SW1 140, SW2 410-2, SW3 410-3, SW4 540, SW5 410-5, and / or SW6 410-6 can be implemented with solid switches that are already in production.

  However, for example, a reliable mechanical switch means such as a relay having an armature cavity in which the armature moves between connection opening and closing of the terminals 1 and 2 may be required.

  This armature cavity may be filled with a dielectric liquid to suppress the arc effect when the armature opens and closes the connection between the terminals 1 and 2.

  The mechanical switch further includes a plunger adapted to draw dielectric liquid from the gap between the armature and the terminal contact when the switch closes and push the dielectric liquid into the gap when the switch opens. Also good.

  More than two stages of all direct current energy transmission devices are within the scope of the present invention, but for the sake of brevity, the description is limited to this paragraph.

  More than four all direct current SD stages 400 are within the scope of the present invention, but for the sake of brevity the description will be limited to this paragraph. The number of all DC SD stages 400 may be one or more, and is not limited to a multiple of two. For example, a three stage cycling of the electric motor 250 is preferred, which means that there are three all DC energy transmission networks 220.

  FIG. 16 summarizes several inventive devices 10 that can be individually manufactured to meet the requirements of various embodiments and / or implementations of the present invention. The apparatus 10 includes, but is not limited to, an all DC energy transmission apparatus 100, a dual stage all DC energy transmission apparatus 700, an energy transmission controller 170 and / or 280, an all DC energy transmission network 220, and a component 1400 used in such a circuit, Includes devices that include and / or would benefit from the use of all DC energy transmission devices and / or networks, and methods of operating the foregoing according to the present invention.

  Component 1400 includes, but is not limited to, one or more capacitive devices C1-C4, one or more switch devices SW1-SW6, one or more inductive devices L1-L3, one or more full SD stages 400, and / or One or more full DC capacitive devices 1000 are included, each of which is defined and disclosed in this summary and detailed description.

  The apparatus according to the present application includes, but is not limited to, hybrid electric transportation means, electric transportation means, and / or solar power transportation means.

  Any means of transportation may be a car, truck, bus, trolley, train, manned or unmanned aircraft, sea and / or subsurface moving ship, satellite, and / or spacecraft.

  A suitable vehicle may be a car, a truck or a bus.

  Solar power devices may include, but are not limited to, on-grid or off-grid solar power arrays and / or energy transfer devices from solar energy stores.

  In particular, the present disclosure is a hybrid electric / internal combustion engine (ICE) automobile 210.

  FIG. 17 illustrates an energy transfer controller 170 and / or 280, which includes one or more of the group consisting of a controller 1500, a computer 1510, a configuration 1520, and a non-volatile memory 1530 that includes one or more of memory contents 1540. It can contain more than one.

  The controller 1500 may have one or more inputs, one or more outputs, and possibly one or more internal states. The controller 1500 may respond to inputs by changing the internal state. The controller 1500 may generate an output based on one or more input values and / or one or more values of one or more internal states. This internal state may implement one or more of non-volatile memory 1530, memory content 1540, and / or configuration 1520.

  The computer 1500 includes one or more instruction processors and one or more data processors. Each data processor receives instructions from one or more instruction processors. The computer may implement one or more of non-volatile memory 1530, memory content 1540, and / or configuration 1520.

  Memory content 1540 may be maintained in non-volatile memory 1530, controller 1500, and / or computer 1510.

  The memory content 1540 can include one or more of a download portion 1550, an installation package 1552, an operating system 1554, and / or one or more program components 1556, any of which are any configuration of the invention. It can be realized as part of the method of operating the element.

  As used herein, the non-volatile memory 1530 can include one or more non-volatile memory elements and / or one or more volatile memory elements that are provided with a power source and that do not volatilize in normal operation, in which case the device 10 is not currently connected to the power generation used by the all-DC energy transmission device 100 and / or the all-DC energy transmission network 220. A non-volatile memory is adapted to hold its memory content 1540 regardless of whether power is supplied to the memory. Volatile memory loses its memory content 1540 if no power is supplied over a period of time.

  FIG. 18 illustrates some examples of program element 1556 of FIG. 17, all of which include an all-DC energy transfer device 100, an all-DC energy transfer network 220, any of these 100 and / or 220, and At least one element of a method of operating at least a portion of one or more of the systems 180 to be used, particularly the hybrid electric / ICE vehicle 210, may be implemented. Program element 1556 includes one or more of the following instruction operations, such that a method includes one or more steps.

  Program operation 1600 supports operation of all DC energy transfer device 100 in response to detection of output DC terminal 104 relative to input DC terminal 102 and / or common terminal 106. The energy transfer controller 170 changes the control state 172 to supply one of the closed state 174 or the open state 176 to the control terminal C of the first switch SW1 140.

As an example, the input DC terminal has a first capacitive device C1 130 having a capacitance estimated as Cest1, as shown in FIG. 1, and an input DC DES having a voltage Vin_est0 volts at time t0 and Vin_est1 volts at time t1. And may be connected. estimated energy to be held in C1 at t0 can be calculated as ^{1/2 * Cest1 * Vinest0 2} . estimated energy to be held in C1 at t1 can be calculated as ^{1/2 * Cest1 * Vinest1 2} . An estimate of the energy transmitted from C1 from t0 to t1 can be calculated as 1 / 2Cest1 * (Vinest1 ² −Vinest0 ² ).

The second example is also based on FIG. It is assumed that the second capacitive device C2 160 has an estimated capacitance Cest2. The output DC DES shall have a voltage Vout_est0 volts at time t0 and Vout_est1 volts at time t1. Similarly, an estimate of the energy transmitted from t0 to t1 can be calculated as 1/2 * Cest2 * (Voutest1 ² -Voutest0 ² ).

  The operation of the all-DC energy transmission apparatus 100 charges the first capacitive device 100 when the estimated holding energy of C1 is less than a certain threshold value or the estimated voltage of the input DC DES is less than the second threshold value. Can include. Assume that C1 has a maximum operating voltage of 3000 volts and a capacitance of 1 farad. The first threshold can be 1/4 of the C1 holding energy at a maximum operating voltage of 3000 volts, and the second threshold can be 1/2 of this 3000 volts.

The energy transmission efficiency between t0 and t1 is estimated by the ratio of the transmission energy at C2 divided by the transmission energy at C1, which is Cest2 * (Voutest1 ² −Voutest0 ² ) / (Cest1 * (Vinest1 ² −Vinest0 ² )).

  Program operation 1610 supports operation of all DC energy transfer network 220 in response to detection of high energy terminal 202 and / or service terminal 204 relative to common terminal 106.

  Program operation 1620 supports the operation of dual stage all DC energy transfer device 700 detecting one or more of terminals 102 and / or 404 relative to common terminal 106. These operations may include changing the two control states 172-1, 172-2 to individually control the two switches of the dual stage all DC energy transfer device 700 via the control terminals 108,408.

  Program operation 1630 supports operation of one or more step down (SD) stages 400 in response to detection of high energy terminal 202 and / or service terminal 204 relative to common terminal 106.

  Program operation 1640 supports operation of one or more capacitive (Cap) stages 100 in response to detection of high energy terminal 202 and / or service terminal 204 relative to common terminal 106.

  Program operation 1650 supports the operation of at least a portion of system 180 in response to one or more detected DESs of at least a portion of at least one all-DC energy transfer device 100 and / or all-DC energy transfer network 220. .

  Program operation 1660 supports operation of hybrid electric / ICE vehicle 210 in response to a detected DES of at least a portion of total DC energy transfer network 220.

  These examples and descriptions are provided to disclose and enable the claims of the present application and future divisional applications in multiple countries, but those skilled in the art to which this document pertains will not You will understand that these words go beyond what can be stated.

  For example, the simplest all DC energy transmission device 100 contributes to the generation of an output DC DES consisting essentially of DC DES, referred to herein as an internal DC DES, beyond the specified energy transmission device elements. It consists of one or more internal DES.

  In another example, one or more connections between elements of the all-DC energy transfer device 100 as shown in FIG. 1 may be provided without the diode D1 or D2 as shown in the figure.

In another example, additional elements such as resistors, capacitors, diodes and / or inductors may be coupled between the connections of FIG. 1 and any of the subsequent figures, and these additional elements may be used for DC energy transfer. It is provided so as not to disturb the contributing internal DC DES.

FIG. 1 shows a simplified embodiment for the first three implementations of a system comprising an all DC energy transmission device and an energy transmission controller. FIG. 2 shows the system of FIG. 1 according to the invention using an all-DC energy transmission device and an energy transmission controller, in particular a vehicle, which is a hybrid vehicle of electricity and internal combustion engine (ice). FIG. 3 shows the vehicle and / or automobile of FIG. 2 where one unit of fuel is supplied on the right hand side of the road and the unit of fuel is consumed over a certain distance. FIG. 4 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 5 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 6 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 7 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 8 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 9 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 10 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 11 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 12 shows the total DC energy of FIG. 2 adapted for energy transmission in a vehicle and / or hybrid electric-ice vehicle supporting the second and / or third implementation of the all DC energy transmission device of FIG. Some detailed examples of transmission networks are shown. FIG. 13 shows an all DC energy transmission network having an all DC energy transmission device and an all DC step down (SD) stage, which has the advantage that only one step down stage is operated at a time in the entire network. FIG. 14 shows an all DC energy transmission network having an all DC energy transmission device and three all DC SD stages, with the advantage that only one step-down stage is operated at a time in the entire network. 15A- 15I illustrate some features of one or more first capacitive devices, which are also applicable to one or more other capacitive devices. FIG. 16 is an overview of some of the devices of the present invention that can be individually manufactured based on or adapted to meet the requirements of various embodiments and / or implementations of the present invention. FIG. 17 illustrates that one or more energy transfer controllers may include one or more embodiments of at least one portion of the group consisting of a controller, a computer, a computing arrangement, and a non-volatile memory that includes one or more memory contents. Indicates. FIG. 18 illustrates some examples of the program components of FIG. 17, any of which may be at least one of an all dc energy transfer device, an all energy transfer network, and / or a system, particularly in a hybrid electric / ICE vehicle. At least one element of a method of operating and / or using a department may be implemented.

1 also provides a closed state 174 or an open state 176 to switch SW1 140 via control terminal 108 by generating a control DES 182 in response to detection of input DC DES 110 and / or output DC DES 112. An energy transfer controller 170 adapted to operate the DC energy transfer device 100 is shown. The energy transfer controller 170 may also include an estimated input DES 178 and / or an estimated output 181 in some implementations.

FIG. 2 is a system 180 of FIG. 1 that uses the all-DC energy transmission device 100 and the energy transmission controller 170 to apply to the vehicle 200, particularly a hybrid vehicle 210 of electricity and internal combustion engine (ice) according to the present invention. Indicates the implementation. The motor vehicle 210 comprises the elements of the system 180 of FIG. 1, and fuel 214 is also controllably supplied to the ICE 222. The ICE 222 is operated to supply energy to the generator 230, and the electrical output of the generator is supplied to the input DC terminal 102 of the all DC energy transmission device 100. In this simplified depiction, the output DC terminal 104 is connected to an electric motor 250 that drives one or more shafts that rotate the wheel of the automobile.

FIG. 3 is the vehicle 220 and / or the automobile 210 of FIG. 2, and the fuel unit 214 is supplied on the right hand side of the road 330. The vehicle 200 and / or automobile 210 travels from the right to the left side of the drawing as indicated by an arrow, where the vehicle 220 and / or automobile 210 travels a distance 310 to indicate that this fuel unit 214 is consumed. Yes.

In the second implementation example, the energy transmission device 100 in the all-DC energy transmission network 220 operates in a hybrid electric / internal combustion engine (ice) automobile 210, and the fuel consumption of a fuel such as gasoline is reduced to 100 per gallon. Withstand more than mile, more than 43 kilometers per liter in metric units. Alternatively, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected cruising range is 100 miles or more. When the unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected cruising distance is 43 kilometers or more.

This third implementation is suitable for the energy transmission device 100 in the all-DC energy transmission network 220 to withstand the fuel consumption of the automobile 210 over 200 miles per gallon or over 86 kilometers per liter. Alternatively, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected cruising range is 200 miles or more. When the unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected cruising distance is 86 kilometers or more.

4 shows the all-DC energy transfer network 220 of FIG. 2, which includes the all-DC energy transfer device 100 of FIG. 1 and two all-DC step-down (SD) stages 400-1, further details shown in FIG. 400-2 . The all-DC energy transmission network 220 may comprise a high energy terminal 202, a common terminal 106, and a service terminal 204, as initially shown in FIG. The all-DC energy transfer network 220 may further comprise a plurality of control terminals labeled 208A through 208E, as also initially shown in FIG.

As a third example, “closed” of the control DES C means that a condition for closing the switch SW2 410-2 is provided to the control terminal 208C .

FIG. 6 shows an improvement of the all-DC energy transmission network 220 of FIG. 4, which includes third and fourth all-DC SD stages 400-3, 400-4. The all-DC energy transmission network 220 also includes four additional control terminals 208F-208I. As before , at most one of the switches SW2 410-2, SW3 410-3 , SW4 410-6 , or SW5 410-7 is closed at the same time. While this simplification helps to understand the operation and analysis of the present invention, it does not exclude that the energy transfer controller 280 of FIG. 2 operates these control DES in any combination deemed useful. Absent. However, the control DES applied to the control terminal C 408 of the four all direct current SD stages 400-1 to 400-4 may or may not be simultaneously closed. Closing two of these internal switches of the full DC SD stage will simultaneously charge 2/3 of the capacitive device C3 560 of FIG. 5, but each of these capacitive devices is specifically the third implementation. In the example, it is useful to be discharged separately.

The following assumes an initial application of the hybrid electric-ice vehicle 210 of FIGS. The automobile 210 weighs about 3000 pounds, or about 1361 kilograms. The electric motor 250 needs to deliver approximately 50 kilowatts of power continuously to withstand the normal use of the automobile 210, for example 55 miles per hour to climb a 5% gradient at 70 miles per hour when cruising. The automobile 210 generates energy by driving a generator 230 with an internal combustion engine (ICE) 222 and supplies it to the all DC energy transmission network 220 through the high energy terminal 204, thereby repeatedly applying the all DC energy transmission network. Repeat 220 charging. Turning on ICE 222 consumes fuel 214 and charges all DC energy transmission network 220 so that electric motor 250 can be powered through service terminal 204.

One commercial goal of all DC energy transmission device 100 and all DC energy transmission network 220 is to increase travel distance 310 through consumption of unit 320 of fuel 214 . Energy efficiency is considered as the ratio of the distance traveled by the ICE to the distance traveled by the electric motor. Fuel efficiency is rated in units 320 of fuel 214 relative to travel distance 310.

In the second implementation, the energy transfer device 100 in the all-DC energy transfer network 220 needs to support a fuel such as gasoline of 100 miles per gallon or 43 kilometers per liter in meters.

15A- 15I illustrate some features of at least the first capacitive device 1310, which are also applicable to one or more of the other capacitive devices C2 160, C3 560, and / or C4 1160. is there.

In the third implementation example of the all-DC energy transmission network 220 , the energy transmission device 100 in the all-DC energy transmission network 220 operates in the automobile 210 and supports a fuel consumption of more than 200 miles per gallon or more than 86 kilometers per liter. I want you to remember that it fits. Alternatively, if unit 320 is 1 gallon, the expected cruising range is 200 miles or more. If the unit 320 is 1 liter, the expected cruising range is 86 kilometers or more.

Claims (24)

An apparatus including an all DC energy transmission device having an input DC terminal, a common terminal, and an output DC terminal,
The all-DC energy transmission device passes energy to the output DC DES at the output DC terminal through at least one internal DES in response to an input DC dynamic electrical state (DES) at the input DC terminal. Each of the internal DES essentially consists of a DC DES adapted to flow current in only one direction,
The input DC DES and the output DC DES are related to the common terminal. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:
The all-DC energy transmission device comprises a first capacitive device, a second capacitive device, a switch, and an inductive device,
The first capacitive device, the second capacitive device, the switch, and the inductive device each comprise a first terminal and a second terminal;
The switch further comprises a control terminal, the switch being adapted to close the connection between the first terminal and the second terminal of the switch to a closed state and to open the connection to an open state. The closed state and the open state are responses to the control DES of the control terminal with respect to the common terminal,
In the all DC energy transmission device,
The input DC terminal is connected to the first terminal of the first capacitive device and to the first terminal of the switch;
A second terminal of the first capacitive device is connected to the common terminal;
A second terminal of the switch is connected to a first terminal of the inductive device;
A second terminal of the inductive device is connected to a first terminal of the second capacitive device and the output DC terminal;
A device characterized in that a second terminal of the second capacitive device is connected to the common terminal. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the all DC energy transmission device is
The input DC DES has a voltage of at least 36 volts;
The output DC DES has a voltage of at least 12 volts;
The first capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 500 microfarads at an operating voltage of at least 800 volts;
The second capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 1500 microfarads;
To meet or exceed each of the
The all-DC energy transmission device is adapted for energy transmission with an energy transmission efficiency of at least K% between the input DC terminal and the output DC terminal, where K is at least 65. apparatus.   4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the energy transfer efficiency is a ratio of energy change in the second capacitive device divided by energy change in the first capacitive device.   4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the energy change of a capacitor having a capacitance of C farad, V1 volt at a first time and V2 volt at a second time is 1 / 2C * (V2 * V2-V1 * V1). A device characterized by having an energy change of   4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the all dc energy transmission device is adapted for the K to meet at least 75 or more.   7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the all dc energy transmission device is adapted for the K to meet at least 83 or more. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the all DC energy transmission device is
The input DC DES has a voltage of at least 1000 volts;
The output DC DES has a voltage of at least 100 volts;
The first capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 0.5 farads at an operating voltage of at least 1000 volts, and / or
The second capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 1.0 farad;
A device characterized in that it meets at least one of the above. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the all DC energy transmission device is
The input DC DES has a voltage of at least 2000 volts;
The output DC DES has a voltage of at least 200 volts;
The first capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 1.0 farad at an operating voltage of at least 2000 volts, and / or
The second capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 2.0 farads;
A device characterized in that it meets at least one of the above. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the all-DC energy transmission device is
The input DC DES has a voltage of at least 3000 volts;
The output DC DES has a voltage of at least 300 volts;
The first capacitive device has an operating voltage of at least 3000 volts, and / or
The second capacitive device has a capacitance of at least 4.0 farads;
A device characterized in that it meets at least one of the above.   The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one adapted to contribute at least one million joules of energy transfer between the high energy terminal, the service terminal, the common terminal, and the high energy terminal and the service terminal. A device comprising an all-DC energy transmission network comprising the all-DC energy transmission device.   12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein energy transfer between the high energy terminal and the service terminal is at least 2 million joules.   13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein energy transfer between the high energy terminal and the service terminal is at least 4 million joules.   12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the energy efficiency of energy transmission between the high energy terminal and the service terminal is at least K%, and the K is at least 65.   12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the K is at least 75.   12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the K is at least 83.   12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a system that operates in response to energy transmission of the all-DC energy transmission network.   18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the system comprises an electric motor coupled to the service terminal and utilizing energy transmission of the all DC energy transmission network.   19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the system further comprises a fuel cell and / or a solar cell and / or a generator coupled to the high energy terminal to provide energy for the energy transmission to the all DC energy transmission network. A device characterized by comprising.   19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the system further comprises the all dc energy transmission network.   21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the system at least partially constitutes a vehicle.   23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the transport means is an electrical transport means and / or a hybrid transport means.   23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the hybrid vehicle is a hybrid electric / internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the means for transport is an automobile.

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