JP2017221162A - バイオ燃料の製造方法 - Google Patents
バイオ燃料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N glutathione Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RWSXRVCMGQZWBV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 108010024636 Glutathione Proteins 0.000 description 4
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229960003180 glutathione Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 4
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001536303 Botryococcus braunii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195651 Chlorella sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000195634 Dunaliella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001403474 Dunaliella primolecta Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000362749 Ettlia oleoabundans Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000124105 Isochrysis sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196305 Nannochloris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000509521 Nannochloropsis sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000486043 Nitzschia sp. (in: Bacillariophyta) Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000206744 Phaeodactylum tricornutum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001466077 Salina Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000598397 Schizochytrium sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196321 Tetraselmis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L2290/543—Distillation, fractionation or rectification for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
これにより、遠心分離、加圧浮上、凝集・抽出などの方法で藻類の油脂成分を分離する場合に比較して簡単なプロセスで藻類の油脂成分を分離することができる。
これにより、簡単なプロセスで藻類の油脂成分を石油組成の熱分解油に転換してバイオディーゼル燃料油を製造することができ、特許文献2記載の製造方法のように、藻類の固形成分がそのままバイオ燃料に含まれることはなく、広範な用途に利用できる。
さらに、分留された蒸留成分を熱分解するときに、廃食用油、パーム実、パーム搾り滓、ジャトロハなどを加えて熱分解することもできる。
また、グルタチオンは水、酸、アルカリに可溶で、62°Cで分解し、流動点175〜185°Cと高い。そこで、固形物に水分を加え、塩分とグルタチオンを溶解し、グルタチオンを抽出した後に塩水を放流する。未溶解のβ−カロチンと藻残渣からβ−カロチンを抽出する。
グリセリンは発酵槽15に送り、酵母を添加して発酵させることによって油脂を得て、この油脂も熱分解炉16に送って熱分解する。
また、トリグリセリド、グリセリン及び中質油はそのまま熱分解炉16に送って熱分解することもできる。
また、熱分解するにあたり、廃食用油、パーム実、パーム搾り滓、ジャトロハを加えて熱分解することもできる。
また、軽質油と重質油は自家燃料として利用することができる。
トリグリセリドを熱分解したときの収率は熱分解油=80wt%とし、蒸留塔17での収率は分解ガス/軽質油/中重質油=5/5/90wt%とする。
これに対し、本例の方法では上述の方法に比較して簡単なプロセスであって、それほど大きなエネルギーを必要とせず、実用的に優れている。
熱分解油(%) 軽質油(%) 中質油(%) 重質油(%)
C 78.12 80.19 80.54 82.26
H 11.05 11.46 11.70 12.12
N 6.26 5.53 5.72 4.65
O 3.70 1.80 1.40 0.30
全硫黄分 0.35 0.19 0.10 0.06
塩素分 0.01未満 0.02 0.01未満 0.01未満
総発熱量 40670kj/kg
Claims (3)
- 油脂成分を合成する能力のある藻類を培養した培養液中に、アルカリ剤を添加するとともに中質油を吹き込むことによって、中質油と藻類のエマルジョンを生成させて浮上させる工程と、
浮上した藻類のエマルジョンから水分を真空蒸発させることによって藻類の油脂成分・固形物及び中質油を得て、藻類の油脂成分・固形物及び中質油を濾過によって油脂成分及び中質油と固形物とに分離する工程と、
分離された藻類の油脂成分及び中質油を分留し、分留成分をアルカリ剤を添加して熱分解することによって熱分解油と熱分解残渣を得て、熱分解油を熱分解ガス、軽質油、中質油及び重質油に分留する工程と、
分留された中質油から溶剤抽出によって不純物を除去してバイオディーゼル燃料油を得る工程と、を備えたことを特徴とする。 - 分留によって得られた中質油に水素を添加して水素化処理を行ってジェット燃料を得るようにした請求項1記載のバイオ燃料の製造方法。
- 分留成分を熱分解油と熱分解残渣に熱分解するにあたり、廃食用油、パーム実、パーム搾り滓、ジャトロハを加えて熱分解するようにした請求項1記載のバイオ燃料の製造方法。
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JP2016120702A JP6738214B2 (ja) | 2016-06-17 | 2016-06-17 | バイオ燃料の製造方法 |
CN201610955265.6A CN107523370A (zh) | 2016-06-17 | 2016-10-27 | 生物燃料的制造方法 |
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Citations (2)
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JP2013532964A (ja) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-08-22 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 細胞からの脂質の抽出およびそれに由来する生産物 |
WO2015095696A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Processes for obtaining microbial oil from microbial cells |
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- 2016-10-27 CN CN201610955265.6A patent/CN107523370A/zh active Pending
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JP2013532964A (ja) * | 2010-06-01 | 2013-08-22 | ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー.ブイ. | 細胞からの脂質の抽出およびそれに由来する生産物 |
WO2015095696A1 (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2015-06-25 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Processes for obtaining microbial oil from microbial cells |
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CN107523370A (zh) | 2017-12-29 |
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