JP2017216949A - Method for producing tea fermentation product - Google Patents

Method for producing tea fermentation product Download PDF

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JP2017216949A
JP2017216949A JP2016114562A JP2016114562A JP2017216949A JP 2017216949 A JP2017216949 A JP 2017216949A JP 2016114562 A JP2016114562 A JP 2016114562A JP 2016114562 A JP2016114562 A JP 2016114562A JP 2017216949 A JP2017216949 A JP 2017216949A
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tea
acetic acid
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tannase
fermented
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JP6752434B2 (en
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中村 直樹
Naoki Nakamura
直樹 中村
本間 亮介
Ryosuke Honma
亮介 本間
秀樹 玉井
Hideki Tamai
秀樹 玉井
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Ikeda Shokken KK
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that the production of acetic acid with microorganisms using a tea-extract including tannin having a concentration higher than that of a tea leachate directly drunk as a favorite drink has been difficult, to provide a high concentration tea fermentation product including acetic acid and also including a tea-derived component highly than the fermentation product of a tea leachate directly drunk as a favorite drink, a method for producing the same, food and drink using the tea fermentation product, and a method for producing the same.SOLUTION: The fact that, by the incorporation of a step where a tea extract is treated with tannase and a step where the tea extract is fermented with microorganisms having acetic acid fermentation capacity in the presence of ethanol, the efficient acidic acid fermentation is made possible owing to the microorganisms having acetic acid fermentation capacity has been found. In this way, the fact that a high concentration tea fermentation product including a tea-derived component at a concentration higher than that in the fermentation product of a tea leachate including acetic acid and also directly drunk as a favorite drink can be produced has been found to perfect this invention.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、茶発酵物及びその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a fermented tea product and a method for producing the same.

茶発酵物として、加糖紅茶を菌で発酵させた紅茶キノコ(コンブチャ)が知られている。特許文献1には、一般的な紅茶キノコから菌株を単離し、紅茶糖液に該菌株を接種して紅茶キノコ飲料を生産する方法が記載されている。また、特許文献2には、0.5から2%の紅茶又はコーヒーから調製した水性抽出液に糖を加え、酵母及び細菌で発酵させた発酵飲料の製造法が記載されている。なお、何れの発酵物もそのままの濃度で摂取する飲料であり、五訂増補日本食品標準成分表(本表)のし好飲料類には、紅茶の浸出液は熱湯360mLに対し茶5gを用いる浸出法によることが記載されていることから、該記載に基づいて水に対する茶原料の割合を換算すると、紅茶は、水に対して約1.4%の原料を使って浸出させた飲料であることが分かる。また、紅茶浸出液の水分が99.7%であることから、固形分は0.3%である。   As a tea fermented product, black tea mushrooms (comb tea) obtained by fermenting sweetened black tea with bacteria are known. Patent Document 1 describes a method of producing a black tea mushroom beverage by isolating a bacterial strain from a common black tea mushroom and inoculating the black tea sugar liquid with the bacterial strain. Patent Document 2 describes a method for producing a fermented beverage in which sugar is added to an aqueous extract prepared from 0.5 to 2% black tea or coffee and fermented with yeast and bacteria. In addition, any fermented product is a beverage ingested at the same concentration, and for the preferred beverages in the 5th edition supplemented Japanese food standard ingredient table (this table), the tea exudate is leached using 360 g of hot water for 360 mL of hot water. Since it is described by the law, when the ratio of tea ingredients to water is converted based on the description, black tea is a beverage leached using about 1.4% of ingredients to water. I understand. Moreover, since the water | moisture content of black tea infusion is 99.7%, solid content is 0.3%.

一方、紅茶の葉をタンナーゼを含む酵素液で酵素処理し収率及び茶固形分の溶解性を増加させる方法、並びに茶類原料をプロテアーゼ及びタンナーゼの存在下に抽出する茶類エキスの製造方法が知られている(特許文献3及び4)。   On the other hand, a method for increasing the yield and solubility of tea solids by enzymatic treatment of tea leaves with an enzyme solution containing tannase, and a method for producing tea extracts in which tea raw materials are extracted in the presence of protease and tannase Known (Patent Documents 3 and 4).

特開平08−322555号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-322555 特開平09−220054号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-220054 特開平04−63662号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 04-63662 特開2003−144049号公報JP 2003-144049 A

茶抽出物に含まれるタンニンは、タンパク質や金属イオンと反応しやすく、微生物の活動を抑制することが知られており、し好飲料として直接飲用する茶浸出液よりも高い濃度のタンニンを含む茶抽出物を用いて、微生物により酢酸を生成させることは困難だった。本発明は、前記に鑑みてなされたものであり、酢酸を含み、かつし好飲料として直接飲用する茶浸出液の発酵物よりも茶由来成分を高濃度に含む高濃度茶発酵物及びその製造方法、並びに該茶発酵物を用いた飲食品及びその製造方法を提供する。   The tannin contained in tea extract is easy to react with proteins and metal ions, and is known to suppress the activity of microorganisms, and it contains tea tannin at a higher concentration than tea exudate that is directly consumed as a good beverage. It was difficult to produce acetic acid by microorganisms using the product. The present invention has been made in view of the above, and a high-concentration tea fermented product containing acetic acid and containing tea-derived components at a higher concentration than a fermented product of tea infusion that is directly drinkable as a good beverage, and a method for producing the same And the food-drinks using this fermented tea, and its manufacturing method are provided.

発明者らは、茶抽出物をタンナーゼで処理する工程及び茶抽出物をエタノール存在下で酢酸発酵能を有する微生物により発酵させる工程を含むことで、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物が効率的に酢酸発酵することが可能になることを見出し、それによって、酢酸を含み、かつし好飲料として直接飲用する茶浸出液の発酵物よりも茶由来成分を高濃度に含む高濃度茶発酵物を製造できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。   The inventors include a step of treating a tea extract with tannase and a step of fermenting the tea extract with a microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability in the presence of ethanol, so that the microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability can be efficiently fermented with acetic acid. It has been found that it is possible to produce a high-concentration tea fermented product that contains acetic acid and contains tea-derived components at a higher concentration than the fermented product of tea infusion that is directly consumed as a good beverage. The present invention has been completed.

すなわち、本発明は、以下の[1]〜[6]の態様に関する。
[1]茶抽出物をタンナーゼで処理する工程及び茶抽出物をエタノール存在下で酢酸発酵能を有する微生物により発酵させる工程を含む、茶発酵物の製造方法。
[2]0.5重量%以上の茶原料由来固形分を含む茶抽出物である、[1]記載の茶発酵物の製造方法。
[3]茶抽出物100重量%に対し、0.1〜10重量%のエタノールを含む、[1]又は[2]に記載の茶発酵物の製造方法。
[4]茶発酵物が酢酸を0.3重量%以上含む、[1]〜[3]の何れかに記載の茶発酵物の製造方法。
[5][1]〜[4]の何れかに記載の製造方法により得られる茶発酵物であって、茶発酵物を100重量%とした場合に、酢酸を0.3重量%以上含む、茶発酵物。
[6][1]〜[4]の何れかに記載の製造方法により得られる茶発酵物を含む飲食品の製造方法。
That is, the present invention relates to the following aspects [1] to [6].
[1] A method for producing a tea fermented product, comprising a step of treating a tea extract with tannase and a step of fermenting the tea extract with a microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability in the presence of ethanol.
[2] The method for producing a fermented tea product according to [1], wherein the tea extract contains 0.5% by weight or more of a tea raw material-derived solid content.
[3] The method for producing a tea fermentation product according to [1] or [2], wherein 0.1 to 10% by weight of ethanol is contained with respect to 100% by weight of the tea extract.
[4] The method for producing a fermented tea according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the fermented tea contains 0.3% by weight or more of acetic acid.
[5] A tea fermentation product obtained by the production method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the content of acetic acid is 0.3% by weight or more when the tea fermentation product is 100% by weight. Tea fermented product.
[6] A method for producing a food or drink containing a tea fermentation product obtained by the production method according to any one of [1] to [4].

本発明によって、酢酸を含み、かつし好飲料として直接飲用する茶浸出液の発酵物よりも茶由来成分を高濃度に含む高濃度茶発酵物を提供できる。さらに、簡便に、効率よく該高濃度茶発酵物を製造できる製造方法を提供できる。また、高濃度な該茶発酵物を製造できるため、製造効率がよく、製造コストや輸送コストを抑えることができる。さらに、該茶発酵物は希釈して使用でき、各種飲食品に少量添加するだけで、良好な風味を付与でき、風味良好な飲食品を提供できる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a high-concentration tea fermented product that contains acetic acid and contains tea-derived components at a higher concentration than the fermented product of tea infusion that is directly consumed as a good beverage. Furthermore, the manufacturing method which can manufacture this high concentration tea fermented product simply and efficiently can be provided. Moreover, since the tea fermented product having a high concentration can be produced, production efficiency is good and production costs and transportation costs can be suppressed. Furthermore, the tea fermented product can be used after being diluted, and by adding a small amount to various foods and drinks, a good flavor can be imparted and a food and drink having good flavors can be provided.

本発明に記載の茶抽出物は、チャノキ(Camellia sinensis)の葉、茎等から製造された茶原料を水性溶媒で抽出して得られる抽出物であれば特に限定されず、茶原料は不発酵茶、半発酵茶、発酵茶、後発酵茶等の何れでもよく、緑茶、烏龍茶、紅茶等が例示できる。二種類以上の茶原料を組み合わせて用いてもよい。なお、茶葉等から抽出して液体形態となっている茶と区別するため、本願では、抽出に供する茶葉等を“茶原料”とする。   The tea extract according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an extract obtained by extracting a tea raw material produced from leaves, stems, etc. of a tea tree with an aqueous solvent. Any of tea, semi-fermented tea, fermented tea, post-fermented tea, and the like may be used, and examples include green tea, oolong tea, and black tea. Two or more kinds of tea ingredients may be used in combination. In addition, in order to distinguish from the tea which is extracted from tea leaves etc. and is in a liquid form, in this application, the tea leaves etc. used for extraction are referred to as “tea raw materials”.

茶抽出物の抽出方法は、一般的な方法で行えばよく、水性溶媒を用いて、茶原料から茶由来成分を含む抽出物を抽出できれば特に限定されない。水性溶媒は水が好ましく、無機塩、エタノール等を含有する水溶液でもよい。水性溶媒と原料との比率は特に限定されないが、水性溶媒100重量%に対して茶原料を2重量%以上使用するのが好ましく、3重量%以上、4重量%以上、5重量%以上、6重量%以上、8重量%以上又は10重量%以上がより好ましい。抽出温度は、15〜140℃が好ましく、20〜130℃がより好ましく、30〜120℃がさらに好ましく、40〜100℃が最も好ましい。抽出時間は、1分間〜12時間が好ましく、2分間〜6時間がより好ましく、5分間〜3時間がさらに好ましい。抽出は、常圧条件下、加圧条件下の何れでもよい。抽出後に固液分離するのが好ましく、不織布によるろ過、遠心分離等により茶原料を含む混合物から液体を回収できる。市販の茶抽出物を使用してもよく、抽出後に濃縮したエキスを使用してもよい。   The extraction method of the tea extract may be performed by a general method, and is not particularly limited as long as an extract containing tea-derived components can be extracted from the tea raw material using an aqueous solvent. The aqueous solvent is preferably water, and may be an aqueous solution containing an inorganic salt, ethanol or the like. The ratio of the aqueous solvent and the raw material is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use 2% by weight or more of the tea raw material with respect to 100% by weight of the aqueous solvent, 3% by weight or more, 4% by weight or more, 5% by weight or more, 6 More preferably, it is more than wt%, more than 8 wt% or more than 10 wt%. The extraction temperature is preferably 15 to 140 ° C, more preferably 20 to 130 ° C, still more preferably 30 to 120 ° C, and most preferably 40 to 100 ° C. The extraction time is preferably 1 minute to 12 hours, more preferably 2 minutes to 6 hours, and even more preferably 5 minutes to 3 hours. The extraction may be performed under normal pressure conditions or pressurized conditions. It is preferable to perform solid-liquid separation after the extraction, and the liquid can be recovered from the mixture containing the tea raw material by filtration through a nonwoven fabric, centrifugation, or the like. A commercially available tea extract may be used, and an extract concentrated after extraction may be used.

茶抽出物中の茶原料由来の固形分は、本発明の茶発酵物が得られれば特に限定されないが、0.5重量%以上が好ましく、0.6重量%以上、0.8重量%以上、1.0重量%以上、1.2重量%以上、1.5重量%以上又は2.0重量%以上がより好ましい。   The solid content derived from the tea raw material in the tea extract is not particularly limited as long as the fermented tea product of the present invention is obtained, but is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, 0.6% by weight or more, 0.8% by weight or more. 1.0% by weight or more, 1.2% by weight or more, 1.5% by weight or more, or 2.0% by weight or more is more preferable.

本発明の製造方法は、茶抽出物をタンナーゼで処理する工程を含む。タンナーゼは、カテキン類や没食子酸エステル誘導体等のタンニンを加水分解して没食子酸を生成する酵素であれば特に限定されず、細菌由来又は真菌由来の酵素が利用できる。Aspergillus属、Penicillium属、Rhizopus属、Mucor属等に属する菌由来の酵素が例示でき、例えば、タンナーゼ製剤として、三菱化学フーズ株式会社製のタンナーゼ、新日本化学工業株式会社製のスミチームTAN等が使用できる。   The production method of the present invention includes a step of treating a tea extract with tannase. The tannase is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme that hydrolyzes tannins such as catechins and gallic acid ester derivatives to generate gallic acid, and bacterial or fungal enzymes can be used. Examples include enzymes derived from bacteria belonging to Aspergillus genus, Penicillium genus, Rhizopus genus, Mucor genus, etc., for example, tannase preparations manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd. it can.

タンナーゼ処理条件は、茶抽出物中のタンニンが、酢酸発酵が行える程度に分解される条件であれば特に限定されないが、例えばタンナーゼ製剤の添加量は、茶抽出物を100重量%とした場合に、好ましくは0.05〜5重量%、より好ましくは0.1〜2重量%である。また、反応条件は酵素の最適pH及び温度、並びにpH及び温度安定性を考慮して適宜設定できるが、例えば、pH2〜8、10〜60℃での処理が例示でき、pH3〜7、20〜50℃が好ましい。処理時間は処理条件に応じて適宜調整できるが、例えば、5分間〜30時間が例示でき、10分間〜24時間が好ましい。   The tannase treatment conditions are not particularly limited as long as the tannin in the tea extract is decomposed to such an extent that acetic acid fermentation can be performed. For example, the amount of tannase preparation added is when the tea extract is 100% by weight. , Preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 2% by weight. The reaction conditions can be appropriately set in consideration of the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme, and pH and temperature stability. For example, treatment at pH 2 to 8 and 10 to 60 ° C. can be exemplified, and pH 3 to 20, 20 to 20 ° C. 50 ° C. is preferred. Although processing time can be suitably adjusted according to processing conditions, for example, 5 minutes-30 hours can be illustrated, and 10 minutes-24 hours are preferable.

タンナーゼ添加は、酢酸発酵が行える程度にタンナーゼにより茶抽出物中のタンニンが分解できれば添加時期は特に限定されず、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵前又は発酵途中でもよい。発酵前の場合は、抽出開始時又は抽出途中に添加して茶抽出と並行して酵素反応を行ってもよく、抽出後に添加してもよい。発酵途中の場合は、微生物による発酵と並行して酵素反応を行ってもよい。   The tannase addition is not particularly limited as long as tannin in the tea extract can be decomposed by tannase to such an extent that acetic acid fermentation can be performed, and may be before or during fermentation by a microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability. In the case of before fermentation, it may be added at the start of extraction or in the middle of extraction, and an enzyme reaction may be performed in parallel with tea extraction, or may be added after extraction. In the middle of fermentation, an enzyme reaction may be performed in parallel with fermentation by microorganisms.

本発明の製造方法は、エタノール存在下で酢酸発酵能を有する微生物により発酵させる工程を含む。エタノールは、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物が栄養源として利用できれば特に限定されないが、発酵時に全液量に対して0.1〜10重量%含むのが好ましく、0.2〜8.0重量%含むのがより好ましく、0.3〜5.0重量%含むがさらに好ましい。また、エタノールは、添加してもよく、又は微生物により製造工程内で生成させてもよい。エタノールを生成できる微生物は、糖類を資化してエタノールを生成できる、エタノール発酵能を有する微生物であればよく、酵母が例示できる。例えば、Saccharomyces cerevisiae、S.bayanus、S.pastorianus等のSaccharomyces属、Schizosaccharomyces pombe等のSchizosaccharomyces属、Candida utilis等のCandida属、Kluyveromyces marxianus等のKluyveromyces属等に属する菌が例示できるが、S.cerevisiaeが好ましい。該微生物によるエタノール生成には、さらに糖類又は糖類を含有する原料を添加するのが好ましい。糖類又は糖類を含有する原料は、該微生物が資化してエタノールを生成できれば特に限定されないが、糖類としては、ブドウ糖、果糖、ガラクトース等の単糖類、ショ糖、麦芽糖等の二糖類等が挙げられ、糖類を含有する原料としては、転化糖、異性化糖、水飴等の糖質原料、味醂等の調味料原料等が挙げられる。エタノールの生成条件は、該微生物がエタノールを生成できれば特に限定されないが、例えば、温度は20〜40℃が好ましく、25〜35℃がより好ましく、時間は10分間〜24時間が好ましく、20分間〜18時間がより好ましく、30分間〜12時間がさらに好ましい。   The production method of the present invention includes a step of fermenting with a microorganism having an ability to ferment acetic acid in the presence of ethanol. Ethanol is not particularly limited as long as a microorganism having an ability to ferment acetic acid can be used as a nutrient source, but it is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 8.0% by weight, based on the total liquid amount during fermentation. It is more preferable that 0.3 to 5.0% by weight is further included. Moreover, ethanol may be added or may be produced in the production process by microorganisms. The microorganism that can produce ethanol may be any microorganism that has the ability to ferment ethanol and that can assimilate saccharides to produce ethanol, and examples thereof include yeast. For example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. et al. Bayanus, S.B. Pastorianus et al., Saccharomyces genus, Schizosaccharomyces pombe et al. Schizosaccharomyces genus, Candida utilis et al. cerevisiae is preferred. For ethanol production by the microorganism, it is preferable to further add saccharides or raw materials containing saccharides. The saccharide or the raw material containing the saccharide is not particularly limited as long as the microorganism can assimilate to produce ethanol. Examples of the saccharide include monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, and disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose. Examples of the raw material containing saccharides include sugar raw materials such as invert sugar, isomerized sugar and starch syrup, and seasoning raw materials such as miso. The ethanol production conditions are not particularly limited as long as the microorganism can produce ethanol. For example, the temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C., more preferably 25 to 35 ° C., and the time is preferably 10 minutes to 24 hours, and 20 minutes to 18 hours is more preferable, and 30 minutes to 12 hours is more preferable.

酢酸発酵能を有する微生物は、エタノールを資化して酢酸を生成できる微生物であればよく、酢酸菌が例示できる。例えば、Acetobacter pasteurianus、A.aceti等のAcetobacter属、Komagataeibacter hansenii、K.xylinus等のKomagataeibacter属、Gluconobacter oxydans、G.frateurii等のGluconobacter属等に属する菌が例示できる。酢酸の生成条件は、該微生物が酢酸を生成できれば特に限定されないが、通気、撹拌又は振盪するのがよく、酸素を供給するのが好ましい。また、発酵温度は20〜40℃が好ましく、25〜35℃がより好ましく、発酵時間は10〜48時間が好ましく、12〜36時間がより好ましい。   The microorganism having acetic acid fermenting ability may be any microorganism that can assimilate ethanol to produce acetic acid, and examples thereof include acetic acid bacteria. For example, Acetobacter pasteurianus, A.M. Acetobacter genus such as Acetaceae, Komagataeibacter hansenii, K. et al. Xylinus et al., Komagataeibacter genus, Gluconobacter oxydans, G. et al. Examples include bacteria belonging to the genus Gluconobacter such as Fratururii. The conditions for producing acetic acid are not particularly limited as long as the microorganism can produce acetic acid, but it is preferable to ventilate, stir or shake, and supply oxygen. The fermentation temperature is preferably 20 to 40 ° C, more preferably 25 to 35 ° C, and the fermentation time is preferably 10 to 48 hours, more preferably 12 to 36 hours.

上記に記載した茶原料からの抽出、タンナーゼによる酵素処理及び酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵は、本発明の茶発酵物を製造できれば、並行して行ってもよい。なお、製造工程内でアルコール発酵能を有する微生物によりエタノールを生成する場合は、該工程も前記と並行して行ってもよい。   Extraction from the tea raw material described above, enzyme treatment with tannase and fermentation with microorganisms having acetic acid fermentation ability may be performed in parallel as long as the tea fermented product of the present invention can be produced. In addition, when producing | generating ethanol by the microorganisms which have alcohol fermentability in a manufacturing process, this process may also be performed in parallel with the above.

上記に記載の方法により本発明の茶発酵物を製造することができる。本発明の茶発酵物は、茶発酵物全体を100重量%とした場合に、酢酸を0.3重量%以上含むのが好ましく、0.35重量%以上含むのがより好ましく、0.4重量%以上含むのがさらに好ましく、0.5重量%以上含むのが特に好ましい。茶発酵物は、さらに、ドラムドライ、エアードライ、スプレードライ、真空乾燥及び/又は凍結乾燥等を行い、乾燥品として利用しても良い。   The tea fermentation product of the present invention can be produced by the method described above. The tea fermented product of the present invention preferably contains acetic acid in an amount of 0.3% by weight or more, more preferably 0.35% by weight or more, and 0.4% by weight when the entire tea fermented product is 100% by weight. % Or more is more preferable, and 0.5% by weight or more is particularly preferable. The fermented tea may be further used as a dried product by performing drum drying, air drying, spray drying, vacuum drying and / or freeze drying.

本発明の茶発酵物は、酢酸を含み、かつし好飲料として直接飲用する茶浸出液よりも茶由来成分を高濃度に含むため、希釈して喫することができ、各飲食品に添加して使用することができる。各飲食品に添加することにより各飲食品を製造でき、適度な酸味と発酵風味を付与できる。各飲食品への添加量は良好な官能が得られれば特に限定されないが、好ましくは0.1〜20%、より好ましくは0.5〜15%、さらに好ましくは1.0〜10%である。添加する飲食品は特に限定されないが、清涼飲料、ジュース、アルコール飲料等の飲料、スープ、焼き菓子、和菓子、アイスクリーム等が例示できる。   The tea fermented product of the present invention contains acetic acid and contains tea-derived components in a higher concentration than tea exudate that is directly drunk as a good beverage, so it can be diluted and used for each food and drink. can do. By adding to each food / beverage product, each food / beverage product can be manufactured and moderate acidity and fermentation flavor can be provided. Although the amount added to each food and drink is not particularly limited as long as a good sensory function is obtained, it is preferably 0.1 to 20%, more preferably 0.5 to 15%, and still more preferably 1.0 to 10%. . Although the food / beverage products to add are not specifically limited, Beverages, such as a soft drink, juice, alcoholic beverage, soup, baked confectionery, Japanese sweets, ice cream, etc. can be illustrated.

以下、実施例を示して本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の例によって限定されるものではない。尚、本発明において、%は別記がない限り全て重量%である。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is shown and this invention is demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited by the following examples. In the present invention, all percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

[調製1]
容器に紅茶原料250g、水道水2250g及びタンナーゼ(三菱化学フーズ株式会社製)5gを入れて混合し、45℃で30分間、抽出と酵素処理を並行して行った後、60℃で30分間、抽出と酵素失活処理を並行して行った。次いで、不織布を用いて固液分離し、液部を回収することで、タンナーゼ処理紅茶抽出物である調製品1(固形分:3.4%)を1750g得た。
[Preparation 1]
In a container, 250 g of tea material, 2250 g of tap water and 5 g of tannase (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd.) were added and mixed. After performing extraction and enzyme treatment in parallel at 45 ° C. for 30 minutes, at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, Extraction and enzyme deactivation treatment were performed in parallel. Subsequently, 1750g of preparation 1 (solid content: 3.4%) which is a tannase processing black tea extract was obtained by carrying out solid-liquid separation using a nonwoven fabric, and collect | recovering liquid parts.

[調製2]
容器に紅茶原料250g及び水道水2250gを入れて混合し、45℃で30分間抽出した後、60℃で30分間抽出した。次いで、不織布を用いて固液分離し、液部を回収することで、紅茶抽出物(タンナーゼ未処理)である調製品2(固形分:2.8%)を1750g得た。
[Preparation 2]
In a container, 250 g of tea raw material and 2250 g of tap water were mixed and extracted at 45 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then extracted at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, solid-liquid separation was performed using a non-woven fabric, and the liquid part was recovered, thereby obtaining 1750 g of a preparation 2 (solid content: 2.8%) as a black tea extract (tannase untreated).

[調製3]
容器に煎茶原料100g、水道水900g及びタンナーゼ2gを入れて混合し、45℃で60分間、抽出と酵素処理を並行して行った。次いで、不織布を用いて固液分離し、液部を回収することで、タンナーゼ処理煎茶抽出物である調製品3(固形分:3.5%)を600g得た。
[Preparation 3]
A sencha raw material 100 g, tap water 900 g and tannase 2 g were put in a container and mixed, and extraction and enzyme treatment were performed in parallel at 45 ° C. for 60 minutes. Next, solid-liquid separation was performed using a non-woven fabric, and the liquid part was recovered, thereby obtaining 600 g of preparation 3 (solid content: 3.5%), which was a tannase-treated sencha extract.

[調製4]
容器に煎茶原料100g及び水道水900gを入れて混合し、45℃で60分間抽出した。次いで、不織布を用いて固液分離し、液部を回収することで、煎茶抽出物(タンナーゼ未処理)である調製品4(固形分:3.1%)を600g得た。
[Preparation 4]
A sencha raw material 100 g and tap water 900 g were put in a container, mixed, and extracted at 45 ° C. for 60 minutes. Next, solid-liquid separation was performed using a non-woven fabric, and the liquid part was recovered, thereby obtaining 600 g of Preparation 4 (solid content: 3.1%), which was a sencha extract (tannase untreated).

[実施例1]
(タンナーゼ処理紅茶発酵物1)
調製1で得られたタンナーゼ処理紅茶抽出物(調製品1、固形分:3.4%)50gに、95%エタノールを1g添加した後、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物であるAcetobacter pasteurianus NBRC3283株(実施例1−1)、Komagataeibacter hansenii NBRC14820株(実施例1−2)、A.aceti NBRC14818株(実施例1−3)又はGluconobacter oxydans NBRC3189株(実施例1−4)をそれぞれ1×10cfu/g程度となるように接種して30℃で20時間振盪培養することで、タンナーゼ処理紅茶発酵物1である実施品1−1〜1−4を各45g得た。
[Example 1]
(Tannase-treated black tea fermentation product 1)
After adding 1 g of 95% ethanol to 50 g of the tannase-treated black tea extract (preparation 1, solid content: 3.4%) obtained in Preparation 1, Acetobacter pasteurianus NBRC 3283 strain which is a microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability (implementation) Example 1-1), Komagataeibacter hansenii NBRC 14820 strain (Example 1-2), A.I. By inoculating aceti NBRC 14818 strain (Example 1-3) or Gluconobacter oxydans NBRC 3189 strain (Example 1-4) at about 1 × 10 5 cfu / g, respectively, and shaking culture at 30 ° C. for 20 hours, 45 g of execution products 1-1 to 1-4, which are tannase-treated black tea fermentation products 1, were obtained.

[実施例2]
(タンナーゼ処理煎茶発酵物)
調製3で得られたタンナーゼ処理煎茶抽出物(調製品3、固形分:3.5%)について、固形分がそれぞれ3.0%(実施例2−1)、2.4%(実施例2−2)、1.8%(実施例2−3)、1.2%(実施例2−4)又は0.6%(実施例2−5)になるように水道水で希釈し、総量を各50gに調整した。次いで、それぞれに95%エタノールを1g添加した後、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物であるA.pasteurianus NBRC3283株を1×10cfu/g程度となるようにそれぞれ接種して30℃で18時間振盪培養することで、タンナーゼ処理煎茶発酵物である実施品2−1〜2−5を各45g得た。
[Example 2]
(Fermented tannase-treated green tea)
The tannase-treated sencha extract (preparation 3, solid content: 3.5%) obtained in Preparation 3 had a solid content of 3.0% (Example 2-1) and 2.4% (Example 2), respectively. -2), 1.8% (Example 2-3), 1.2% (Example 2-4) or 0.6% (Example 2-5) diluted with tap water, and the total amount Was adjusted to 50 g each. Next, 1 g of 95% ethanol was added to each, and then A. cerevisiae, which is a microorganism having acetic acid fermentation ability. pasteurianus NBRC 3283 strain was inoculated to about 1 × 10 5 cfu / g and cultured at 30 ° C. for 18 hours with shaking, so that 45 g of each of the practical products 2-1 to 2-5, which were tannase-treated sencha fermentation products, were obtained. Obtained.

[実施例3]
(タンナーゼ処理烏龍茶発酵物)
容器に烏龍茶原料50g、水道水450g及びタンナーゼ1gを入れて混合し、45℃で30分間、抽出と酵素処理を並行して行った。次いで、不織布を用いて固液分離し、液部を回収することで、タンナーゼ処理烏龍茶抽出物(固形分:2.3%)を380g得た。該抽出物50gに、95%エタノールを0.5g添加した後、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物であるA.pasteurianus NBRC3283株を1×10cfu/g程度となるように接種して30℃で18時間振盪培養することで、タンナーゼ処理烏龍茶発酵物である実施品3を45g得た。
[Example 3]
(Tannase-treated oolong tea fermented product)
The container was mixed with 50 g of oolong tea raw material, 450 g of tap water and 1 g of tannase, and extraction and enzyme treatment were performed in parallel at 45 ° C. for 30 minutes. Next, solid-liquid separation was performed using a non-woven fabric, and the liquid part was collected to obtain 380 g of tannase-treated Oolong tea extract (solid content: 2.3%). After adding 0.5 g of 95% ethanol to 50 g of the extract, A. a microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability. pasteurianus NBRC 3283 strain was inoculated to be about 1 × 10 5 cfu / g and cultured with shaking at 30 ° C. for 18 hours to obtain 45 g of tungase-treated oolong tea fermented product 3.

[実施例4]
(タンナーゼ処理紅茶発酵物2)
容器に紅茶原料200g及び水道水1800gを入れて混合し、80℃で10分間抽出した。次いで、不織布を用いて固液分離し、液部を回収することで、紅茶抽出物(固形分:4.9%)を1200g得た。該抽出物1200gを室温程度に冷却し、タンナーゼ2.4g及び無水結晶ぶどう糖24gを添加して混合し、エタノール発酵能を有する微生物であるSaccharomyces cerevisiae NBRC2347株を1×10cfu/g程度及び酢酸発酵能を有する微生物であるA.pasteurianus NBRC3283株を1×10cfu/g程度となるように接種して30℃で19時間、通気及び撹拌しながら培養を行った。培養後、60℃で30分間殺菌処理することで、タンナーゼ処理紅茶発酵物2である実施品4を1200g得た。
[Example 4]
(Tannase-treated fermented black tea 2)
200 g of tea raw material and 1800 g of tap water were put in a container, mixed, and extracted at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes. Subsequently, solid-liquid separation was performed using a non-woven fabric, and the liquid part was recovered, thereby obtaining 1200 g of a black tea extract (solid content: 4.9%). 1200 g of the extract is cooled to about room temperature, 2.4 g of tannase and 24 g of anhydrous crystalline glucose are added and mixed, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NBRC2347 strain, which is a microorganism having ethanol fermentation ability, is about 1 × 10 7 cfu / g and acetic acid. A. A microorganism having fermentation ability pasteurianus NBRC 3283 strain was inoculated at about 1 × 10 5 cfu / g and cultured at 30 ° C. for 19 hours with aeration and agitation. After culturing, 1200 g of the practical product 4 which is tannase-treated black tea fermented product 2 was obtained by sterilizing at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes.

[比較例1]
実施例1で用いた調製品1の代わりに調製品2を用いること以外は実施例1(1−1〜1−4)と同様に処理し、比較品1−1〜1−4を各45g得た。
[Comparative Example 1]
It processed like Example 1 (1-1 to 1-4) except using the preparation 2 instead of the preparation 1 used in Example 1, and each 45g of comparative products 1-1 to 1-4 were used. Obtained.

[比較例2]
実施例2で用いた調製品3の代わりに調製品4を用いること以外は実施例2(2−1〜2−5)と同様に処理し、比較品2−1〜2−5を各45g得た。
[Comparative Example 2]
It processed similarly to Example 2 (2-1 to 2-5) except using the preparation 4 instead of the preparation 3 used in Example 2, and each comparative product 2-1 to 2-5 is 45g. Obtained.

[評価試験]
調製品1〜4、実施品1−1〜1−4、2−1〜2−5、3及び4、並びに比較品1−1〜1−4及び2−1〜2−5について、茶原料由来固形分(重量%)、タンナーゼ処理の有無、エタノール添加割合(重量%)又は無水結晶ブドウ糖添加割合(重量%)、及び微生物接種量を表1〜4に示した。さらに、調製品、実施品及び比較品中の酢酸濃度(重量%)を下記測定条件にて測定し、表1〜4に示した。
[Evaluation test]
Tea preparations for Preparations 1 to 4, Examples 1-1 to 1-4, 2-1 to 2-5, 3 and 4 and Comparative Products 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-5 Tables 1 to 4 show the derived solid content (% by weight), presence / absence of tannase treatment, ethanol addition rate (% by weight) or anhydrous crystalline glucose addition rate (% by weight), and microbial inoculation amount. Furthermore, the acetic acid concentration (weight%) in a preparation, an implementation product, and a comparative product was measured on the following measurement conditions, and was shown to Tables 1-4.

<酢酸測定条件:HPLC>
検出器:UV検出器(紫外波長210nm)
カラム:Hamilton PRP−X300(内径4.1mm、長さ250mm)
移動相:6mM 過塩素酸水溶液
流速:1.0mL/分
カラム温度:50℃
標品:酢酸(特級、和光純薬工業株式会社製)を蒸留水で適宜希釈し、検量線を作成した。
検体:各試料を蒸留水で、適宜希釈したもの。
<Acetic acid measurement conditions: HPLC>
Detector: UV detector (ultraviolet wavelength 210 nm)
Column: Hamilton PRP-X300 (inner diameter 4.1 mm, length 250 mm)
Mobile phase: 6 mM perchloric acid aqueous solution Flow rate: 1.0 mL / min Column temperature: 50 ° C.
Standard: Acetic acid (special grade, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was appropriately diluted with distilled water to prepare a calibration curve.
Specimen: Each sample diluted appropriately with distilled water.

また、調製品1〜4、実施品1−1〜1−4及び2−1〜2−5、3及び4、並びに比較品1−1〜1−4及び2−1〜2−5各10gにミネラルウォーター90gをそれぞれ加えて10倍希釈したものを検体として、官能評価を実施し、表1及び2に示した。官能評価は、○:「適度な酸味と発酵風味があり好ましい」、×:「酸味と発酵風味が弱く好ましくない」とした。   In addition, preparations 1 to 4, execution products 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-5, 3 and 4 and comparative products 1-1 to 1-4 and 2-1 to 2-5 each 10 g Sensory evaluation was carried out using a sample diluted with 10 times each by adding 90 g of mineral water to each sample, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The sensory evaluation was as follows: ◯: “Preferable because there is moderate acidity and fermentation flavor”, ×: “Preferably because acidity and fermentation flavor are weak and undesirable”.

Figure 2017216949
Figure 2017216949

表1より、タンナーゼ処理紅茶抽出物について、エタノールを添加して酢酸発酵能を有する各微生物により発酵させた実施品1−1〜1−4は、何れも酢酸濃度が0.5%以上であり、10倍希釈液の官能評価は、何れも適度な酸味と発酵風味があり好ましいという結果だった。一方、タンナーゼ未処理の紅茶抽出物について、エタノールを添加して酢酸発酵能を有する各微生物により発酵させた比較品1−1〜1−4は、ほとんどが酢酸不検出で、何れも酢酸濃度が0.2%以下であり、10倍希釈液の官能評価は、何れも酸味と発酵風味が弱く好ましくないという結果だった。また、タンナーゼ処理のみのタンナーゼ処理紅茶抽出物である調製品1(未発酵)及び抽出処理のみの紅茶抽出物である調製品2(未発酵)は、何れも酢酸不検出だった。   From Table 1, as for tannase-treated black tea extract, all of the practical products 1-1 to 1-4 fermented with microorganisms having the ability to ferment acetic acid by adding ethanol have an acetic acid concentration of 0.5% or more. The sensory evaluation of the 10-fold diluted solution was a result that both had an appropriate acidity and fermentation flavor and were preferable. On the other hand, for the tannase-untreated black tea extract, the comparative products 1-1 to 1-4, which were fermented with each microorganism having the ability to ferment acetic acid by adding ethanol, were mostly non-detectable in acetic acid, and all had acetic acid concentrations. The sensory evaluation of the 10-fold diluted solution was not preferable because the acidity and fermentation flavor were both weak. In addition, preparation 1 (unfermented), which is a tannase-treated black tea extract with only tannase treatment, and preparation 2 (unfermented), which is a black tea extract with only extraction processing, were both undetected.

以上より、し好飲料として直接飲用する紅茶浸出液よりも高い濃度の茶原料由来成分を含有する紅茶抽出物(調製品2)では、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵が十分に行われなかったが、タンナーゼ処理を行ったタンナーゼ処理紅茶抽出物では、何れの酢酸発酵能を有する微生物でも発酵が行われ、発酵物中に0.5%以上の酢酸が生成された。よって、10倍希釈しても適度な酸味と発酵風味を有する、高濃度の紅茶発酵物を得るためには、タンナーゼ処理及びエタノール存在下で酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵を行うことが重要であることが分かった。さらに、Acetobactor属、Komagataeibactor属及びGluconobactor属の何れの微生物でも、本発明の茶発酵物が製造可能であることが分かった。   From the above, in the black tea extract (prepared product 2) containing a tea ingredient-derived component at a higher concentration than the black tea infusion that is directly drunk as a good beverage, fermentation by microorganisms having acetic acid fermentation ability was not sufficiently performed. In the tannase-treated black tea extract subjected to tannase treatment, fermentation was carried out with any microorganism having acetic acid fermentation ability, and 0.5% or more of acetic acid was produced in the fermented product. Therefore, in order to obtain a high concentration black tea fermented product having moderate acidity and fermentation flavor even when diluted 10 times, it is important to perform fermentation with microorganisms having acetic acid fermentation ability in the presence of tannase and ethanol. I found out. Furthermore, it was found that the fermented tea of the present invention can be produced by any microorganism of the genus Acetobactor, Komagataeibactor, and Gluconobacter.

Figure 2017216949
Figure 2017216949

表2より、タンナーゼ処理煎茶抽出物の固形分を水で0.6から3.0%に調整した希釈品について、エタノールを添加して酢酸発酵能を有する微生物により発酵させた実施品2−1〜2−5は、何れも酢酸濃度が0.3%以上であり、10倍希釈液の官能評価は、何れも適度な酸味と発酵風味があり好ましいという結果だった。なお、タンナーゼ処理煎茶抽出物の固形分が低いほど、得られたタンナーゼ処理紅茶発酵物の酢酸濃度が低かった。一方、タンナーゼ未処理の煎茶抽出物の固形分を水で0.6から3.0%に調整した希釈品について、エタノールを添加して酢酸発酵能を有する微生物により発酵させた比較品2−1〜2−5は、ほとんどが酢酸不検出で、何れも酢酸濃度が0.2%未満であり、10倍希釈液の官能評価は、何れも酸味と発酵風味が弱く好ましくないという結果だった。また、タンナーゼ処理のみのタンナーゼ処理煎茶抽出物である調製品3(未発酵)及び抽出処理のみの煎茶抽出物である調製品4(未発酵)は、何れも酢酸不検出だった。   From Table 2, the diluted product obtained by adjusting the solid content of the tannase-treated sencha extract to 0.6 to 3.0% with water was added with ethanol and fermented with a microorganism having an acetic acid fermenting ability 2-1 In each of ˜2-5, the acetic acid concentration was 0.3% or more, and the sensory evaluation of the 10-fold diluted solution was preferable because both the acidity and fermentation flavor were suitable. The lower the solid content of the tannase-treated sencha extract, the lower the acetic acid concentration of the obtained tannase-treated black tea fermentation product. On the other hand, for a diluted product in which the solid content of tannase-untreated sencha extract was adjusted to 0.6 to 3.0% with water, comparative product 2-1 was added with ethanol and fermented with a microorganism having an acetic acid fermenting ability. In ˜2-5, most of the acetic acid was not detected, and the acetic acid concentration was less than 0.2%, and the sensory evaluation of the 10-fold diluted solution was unfavorable because the acidity and fermentation flavor were both weak. In addition, preparation 3 (unfermented), which is a tannase-treated sencha extract with only tannase treatment, and preparation 4 (unfermented), which is a sencha extract with only extraction treatment, did not detect acetic acid.

以上より、前記煎茶抽出物中の茶原料由来固形分を1.2%以下に希釈することによって、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵が行われたが、発酵物中の酢酸濃度は0.2%未満と低く、10倍希釈液の官能評価も好ましいものではなかった。一方、前記タンナーゼ処理煎茶抽出物では、何れの希釈度合いでも酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵が行われ、発酵物中に0.3%以上の酢酸が生成された。よって、10倍希釈しても適度な酸味と発酵風味を有する、高濃度の煎茶発酵物を得るためには、タンナーゼ処理及びエタノール存在下で酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵を行うことが重要であることが分かった。   As mentioned above, fermentation by the microorganisms which have an acetic acid fermenting ability was performed by diluting the tea raw material origin solid content in the said sencha extract to 1.2% or less, but the acetic acid density | concentration in fermented material is 0.2. The sensory evaluation of the 10-fold diluted solution was not preferable because it was less than%. On the other hand, the tannase-treated sencha extract was fermented with microorganisms having the ability to ferment acetic acid at any dilution level, and 0.3% or more of acetic acid was produced in the fermented product. Therefore, in order to obtain a high concentration sencha fermented product that has moderate acidity and fermentation flavor even when diluted 10 times, it is important to perform fermentation with microorganisms having acetic acid fermentation ability in the presence of tannase and ethanol. I found out.

Figure 2017216949
Figure 2017216949

表3より、タンナーゼ処理烏龍茶抽出物について、エタノールを添加して酢酸発酵能を有する微生物により発酵させた実施品3は、酢酸濃度が0.83%であり、10倍希釈液の官能評価は、適度な酸味と発酵風味があり好ましいという結果だった。よって、烏龍茶抽出物についても、タンナーゼ処理及びエタノール存在下で酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵を行うことで、0.5%以上の酢酸が生成され、10倍希釈しても適度な酸味と発酵風味を有する、高濃度の烏龍茶発酵物が得られることが分かった。   From Table 3, with respect to the tannase-treated Oolong tea extract, ethanol 3 was added and fermented by a microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability, the acetic acid concentration was 0.83%, and the sensory evaluation of the 10-fold diluted solution was The result was that it had a suitable acidity and fermentation flavor, and was favorable. Therefore, for oolong tea extract, 0.5% or more acetic acid is produced by fermentation with microorganisms capable of acetic acid fermentation in the presence of tannase and ethanol. It was found that a high-concentration oolong tea fermented product having a flavor can be obtained.

Figure 2017216949
Figure 2017216949

表4より、紅茶抽出物について、タンナーゼ処理工程、エタノール発酵能を有する微生物である酵母と酵母が資化できる糖を添加することによるエタノール生成工程及び酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵工程を並行して行った実施品4は、酢酸濃度が1.37%であり、10倍希釈液の官能評価は、適度な酸味と発酵風味があり好ましいという結果だった。よって、エタノール添加の代わりに、エタノール発酵能を有する酵母及び酵母が資化できる糖を添加することで、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物が資化できるエタノールが生成され、それによって、酢酸発酵能を有する微生物による発酵が可能になり、酢酸が生成され、最終的に10倍希釈しても適度な酸味と発酵風味を有する、高濃度の紅茶発酵物が得られることが分かった。つまり、酢酸発酵のためにはエタノールが存在していればよく、該エタノールは添加によるものでも、エタノール発酵能を有する微生物により製造工程内で生成させたものでもよいことが分かった。   From Table 4, the tannase treatment process, the ethanol production process by adding the yeast that is the microorganism having ethanol fermentation ability and the sugar that can be assimilated by the yeast, and the fermentation process by the microorganism having the acetate fermentation ability are performed in parallel for the tea extract. In Example 4, the acetic acid concentration was 1.37%, and the sensory evaluation of the 10-fold diluted solution had favorable acidity and fermentation flavor, and was preferable. Therefore, ethanol that can be assimilated by microorganisms having the ability to ferment acetic acid is generated by adding yeast having ethanol fermenting ability and sugars that can be assimilated by yeast instead of adding ethanol, thereby having acetic acid fermenting ability. It was found that fermentation by microorganisms became possible, acetic acid was produced, and a high concentration black tea fermented product having an appropriate acidity and fermentation flavor even when diluted 10 times was obtained. In other words, it was found that ethanol only needs to be present for acetic acid fermentation, and the ethanol may be added or may be generated in the production process by a microorganism having ethanol fermentation ability.

Claims (6)

茶抽出物をタンナーゼで処理する工程及び茶抽出物をエタノール存在下で酢酸発酵能を有する微生物により発酵させる工程を含む、茶発酵物の製造方法。   A method for producing a tea fermented product, comprising a step of treating a tea extract with tannase and a step of fermenting the tea extract with a microorganism having an acetic acid fermentation ability in the presence of ethanol. 0.5重量%以上の茶原料由来固形分を含む茶抽出物である、請求項1記載の茶発酵物の製造方法。   The method for producing a fermented tea product according to claim 1, wherein the tea extract contains 0.5% by weight or more of a tea raw material-derived solid content. 茶抽出物100重量%に対し、0.1〜10重量%のエタノールを含む、請求項1又は2記載の茶発酵物の製造方法。   The method for producing a fermented tea product according to claim 1 or 2, comprising 0.1 to 10% by weight of ethanol with respect to 100% by weight of the tea extract. 茶発酵物が酢酸を0.3重量%以上含む、請求項1〜3の何れか1項に記載の茶発酵物の製造方法。   The method for producing a fermented tea according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fermented tea contains 0.3% by weight or more of acetic acid. 請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の製造方法により得られる茶発酵物であって、茶発酵物を100重量%とした場合に、酢酸を0.3重量%以上含む、茶発酵物。   A tea fermentation product obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising 0.3% by weight or more of acetic acid when the tea fermentation product is 100% by weight. . 請求項1〜4の何れか1項に記載の製造方法により得られる茶発酵物を含む飲食品の製造方法。   The manufacturing method of the food / beverage products containing the tea fermented product obtained by the manufacturing method of any one of Claims 1-4.
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