JP2017198644A - Detoxification device for detoxifying radioactively contaminated water in nuclear facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device for detoxifying radioactively contaminated water which detoxifies radioactively contaminated water in a nuclear facility by causing a nuclear fusion conversion using dilute heavy water and tritium water in the radioactively contaminated water.SOLUTION: Cavitation is generated by intense ultrasonic irradiation, the hydrogen bond of contaminated water is cut by the crushing impact of minute bubbles so that heavy water and tritium water are generated, and a nuclear fusion conversion is caused on the surface of metallic palladium.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for detoxifying radioactively contaminated water generated in nuclear power plants, spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, and the like. It is a device that transmutates radioactive atoms to make them harmless.

  In an ultrasonic cleaner, bubbles are generated, grow and break. This series of bubble motion is called cavitation. There are minute bubbles in the water, and the gas is supplemented to the surface of fine dust (solid fine particles), scratches and dents formed on the container wall and the like. Pressure vibrations caused by ultrasonic waves generate bubbles, and the bubbles contract in the half cycle of positive pressure and expand in the half cycle of negative pressure. It will grow like Furthermore, when the intensity of the ultrasonic wave becomes strong, a rapid contraction movement occurs, and an extreme environment of several thousand degrees and several hundred atmospheres or more is instantaneously generated inside the bubble (FIG. 2). This crushing bubble motion is the source of ultrasonic chemistry called sonochemistry, and it becomes a shock wave for deburring familiar glasses cleaning, metal processing and plastic injection molding ([Non-Patent Document 1]).

  When the bubbles of ultrasonic cavitation are crushed, water molecules are decomposed into OH radicals and hydrogen atoms H at the gas-liquid interface. This is proved by the fact that trichlorophenol having 3 chlorine atoms bonded to the benzene ring is decomposed and the transparent liquid gradually becomes colored. The decomposition coloring of trichlorophenol has already been confirmed in a hypochlorous acid HOCl solution in which OH radicals and chlorine atom Cl are generated.

  As shown in FIG. 3, water molecules are connected by hydrogen bonds to form a macromolecule. The heat of dissociation of hydrogen bonds HO is ˜30 KJ / mol, which is much smaller than the heat of dissociation of hydrogen molecules H—H, 436 KJ / mol. This relationship indicates that hydrogen atoms H are more easily separated from water than from hydrogen gas.

  In nuclear power plant core circulating water, spent nuclear fuel pool cooling water, nuclear fuel reprocessing facility treated water, light water is repeatedly exposed to neutrons, light water hydrogen atoms become deuterium atoms D, and deuterium atoms D further. It is converted into tritium atom T and converted into heavy water or tritium water. Boron contained in the control rod, B from boric acid in the neutron absorbing liquid, and Li from LiOH added for pH adjustment in the pressurized water reactor absorb neutrons, and B or Li + n → He + T Since tritium is formed by the reaction, the amount of tritium water increases.

Light water, heavy water, and tritium water are connected by hydrogen bonds (FIG. 3) to form a macromolecule. These hydrogen bonds can be easily broken by bubble collapse of ultrasonic cavitation. At that time, the inside of the bubble is in an extreme state of several thousand degrees and several hundred atmospheres close to the solar surface.
On the surface of the sun, deuterium D and tritium T fuse together to generate helium and neutrons, which continue to shine with their released energy (Fig. 4). Nuclear fusion, which creates the sun on the ground, involves deuterium and tritium confined in a magnetic field and fused. Ultrasonic cavitation of nuclear fuel-contaminated water is to instantly realize nuclear fusion in which helium is born from deuterium D and tritium T at one point in space.

  In recent years, there are some cases of cold fusion ([Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3]). What is common to both is a combination of deuterium D and metallic palladium Pd. Palladium occludes hydrogen and its volume ratio is as large as 935 times. Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd.'s palladium hydrogen permeable thin film realizes hydrogen gas purification by utilizing selective permeability that allows only hydrogen to pass through. It is assumed that hydrogen molecules are separated into hydrogen atoms in the palladium thin film and return to hydrogen molecules when they pass through the thin film and go out. According to a report from MHI, cesium Cs atoms inside a palladium multilayer that allows deuterium to pass through are transmuted to atoms with a large atomic number (FIG. 5).

Radioactive contaminated water containing tritium water because deuterium nuclei containing one extra neutron and tritium nuclei containing two extra neutrons are more unstable than hydrogen nuclei containing no neutrons. The transmutation detoxification process is easier. Since uranium, plutonium, and fissioned radioactive elements are unstable, it is assumed that they are easily transmuted into stable elements. However, it must be dissolved in water. In this way, the intention of this patent is to turn the evil into a good luck.

The story of Sono Process-Utilization of ultrasonic chemical engineering-Yasuo Iida, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 2006. Interview with the 12th International Conference on Aggregate Nuclear Science, Hydrogen Energy System Volume 31, No. 1 (2006) Current status and future of agglomerated nuclear science, Tokyo Institute of Technology Kuramae Hall seminar, April 2015

  In order to create an extreme state similar to the solar surface in radioactively contaminated water by ultrasonic cavitation, a powerful ultrasonic device is required.

  And the crushing point of the scattered microbubbles must occur on the palladium surface. To that end, the palladium surface is likewise scattered in the water, has a large surface area and has a flow of water.

The amount of radioactively contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant is close to 1 million tons. The radioactivity intensity of 600,000 tons of tritium water excluding heavy fission radioactive elements is 4.2 million becquerels / liter.
When the decay half-life of tritium is estimated from 12.3 years, the number of tritium atoms before decay is 3 × 10 ¹⁴ / liter, the number of light water molecules in natural water is 3 × 10 ²⁵ / liter, and the number of heavy water molecules contained in natural water is Compared with the number 4 × 10 ²¹ / liter, the concentration is extremely thin. An extremely large amount of dilute radioactively contaminated water must be treated. However, the density is 10 ⁸ pieces / mm ³ (100 million pieces per 1 mm ³ ). A device that has a simple structure and can be easily added is desired.

  Corrosion-resistant SUS316L wire mesh or perforated (punch) plates coated with palladium by plating or sputtering are planted in the transmutation reactor. Ultrasonic waves are emitted vertically from the bottom of the reaction vessel. Cavitation bubbles drift perpendicular to the vertical palladium-covered net or perforated (punch) plate and collide with the palladium surface. In the case of continuous treatment, water gently flows from the water supply side to the water discharge side of the rectangular parallelepiped reaction tank.

An ultrasonic transducer is arranged on the bottom of the transmutation reaction tank. The output intensity is 1 W / cm ² or more when an ultrasonic vibrator box is used. The radiation phases of adjacent ultrasonic transducers are shifted so that standing waves do not occur so that cavitation occurs uniformly.

From radioactively contaminated water mixed with heavy water and tritium water generated at nuclear facilities, tritium is converted to helium and rendered harmless.
Radioactive contaminated water containing tritium water and fissionable radioactive elements with higher atomic numbers is transmuted and rendered harmless.

  Bubble growth   Theoretical calculation of bubble collapse   Hydrogen bonding of water molecules   DT reaction   Element conversion by deuterium-Pd multilayer film announced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries   Palladium-covered net or perforated forest stand   Transmutation reaction tank

(1) Transmutation reaction treatment tank (Fig. 7): Many tanks with the following specifications are installed in series and parallel.
-Depth 90 cm, width 44 cm, length 220 cm.
-Ultrasonic transducers are arranged on the bottom of the treatment tank. The intensity is 2 W / cm ² .
-The water supply hose enters from the top and flows out from the bottom, and the water outlet is a continuous running water with a height of 70 cm.
-The reaction tank is SUS316 or higher corrosion resistant stainless steel.
・ Cover to block the scattering of radioactively contaminated water and the evaporation of tritium water.
-The material of the lid depends on the radioactivity intensity, but in the case of tritium water, use a transparent resin lid.
(2) Processing flow rate, flow rate, processing amount-Flow rate: 5 liters / minute,
Effective cross-sectional area: 40 cm × 50 cm = 2000 cm ²
・ Flow rate: 2.5 cm / min = 150 cm / hour, reaching length: 1.5 m / hour ・ Processing amount: 5 liter / minute × 60 minutes = 300 liter / hour, 300 liter / hour × 24 hour = 7.2 tons / Day (3) calorific value due to DT reaction and rise in water temperature Release energy by DT reaction: 3.5 + 14.1 = 17.6 Mev
1ev = 1.6 × 10 ⁻¹⁹ J 1Mev = 1.6 × 10 ⁻¹³ J
17.6 Mev = 17.6 × 1.6 × 10 ⁻¹³ J = 2.8 × 10 ⁻¹² J
1 hour throughput = 300 liter reaction number of 300 liters × (3 × ^{10 14} / l) ^{10 17}
2.8 × 10 ⁻¹² J × 10 ¹⁷ / (300 liters × 1000 cc) to 1 J / cc
Since 4.2J = 1cal, the water temperature rise is negligibly small.
(4) Heat generation and water temperature rise from the ultrasonic vibrator box arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank 2 W / cm ² × (20 cm × 30 cm) = 1200 W 1 W = 1 J / second 3600 J / hour 1200 W × 10 units = 12000 W / tank 12000 × 3600J = 4.3 × 10 ⁷ J to 10 ⁷ cal
10 ⁷ cal / (treated water volume for 1 hour 300 liters = 3 × 10 ⁵ cc) = 33 ° C. water temperature rise.
・ If the water supply temperature is 20 ° C, the water discharge will be 50 ° C, so cover it to prevent transpiration.

  The treatment of radioactive contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the treatment of radioactive contaminated water discharged from other nuclear power plants, and the detoxification treatment of radioactive contaminated water at the Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant will be possible. It can also be applied to the detoxification treatment of isotopes used for testing and small quantities. In that case, dissolve in heavy water and treat.

Claims (4)

Radioactive contaminated water detoxifying device characterized by detoxifying radioactive polluted water in nuclear facilities by causing a nuclear fusion reaction using the collapse of microbubbles by ultrasonic cavitation on the palladium surface. A radioactively contaminated water detoxifying device characterized in that a palladium-coated wire mesh or perforated plate is made to stand in order to increase the number of microbubble collapse points by ultrasonic cavitation in claim 1. 3. The radioactive polluted water detoxifying device according to claim 2, wherein the material of the reaction vessel and the material of the wire mesh or perforated plate to be erected in the reaction vessel are made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel of SUS316 or higher. The ultrasonic transducer externally attached to the bottom of the reaction vessel adopted in the previous section is characterized in that the intensity is 1 W / cm ² or more and the radiation phase is shifted between adjacent elements so as not to be a standing wave. Radioactive contaminated water detoxifying device.