JP2017193996A - Wind power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a wind power generation system that can calculate an amount of wear of a sliding bearing by a simple method.SOLUTION: A wind power generation system comprises: a rotor that includes blades 1 for receiving wind, and rotates; a rotating shaft 5 that rotates in association with rotation of the rotor; a wind turbine that includes a sliding bearing 21 provided via an oil film with respect to the rotating shaft 5; rotational speed measurement means 12 that directly or indirectly determines a rotational speed of the rotating shaft 5; oil film temperature measurement means 9 that directly or indirectly determines a temperature of the oil film; and a wear amount calculation device 13 that calculates an amount of wear of the sliding bearing 21 in a predetermined period by using the rotational speed and the temperature of the oil film.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a wind power generation system, and more particularly to an apparatus for calculating a wear amount of a sliding bearing.

  Wind power generation systems are widely introduced as a pillar of renewable energy. In the wind power generation system, the rotational power of the hub that supports the blades is transmitted to the generator, and the generator rotor is rotated to perform the power generation operation.

  As a conventional wind power generation system, there is one described in Patent Document 1, for example. In this patent document 1, a planetary gear having a planetary pin as a rotating shaft is provided with a planetary gear speed increasing device that rotates via a slide bearing, and the bearing is lubricated with lubricating oil.

  Moreover, there exists a thing described in patent document 2, for example as a wind power generation system provided with an abrasion detection apparatus. In Patent Document 2, the brake device that fixes the output shaft of the gearbox in a non-rotating state, the rotation angle sensor that detects the rotation angle of the shaft on the input side of the gearbox, and the wind receiving state by the blade are changed. And a controller for reversing the rotation direction of the shaft, and determining whether the gear and the gear are worn or not from the rotation angle of the input shaft in a state where the brake is operated.

JP 2012-132333 A JP2011-208635A

  In a wind power generation system, the rotational power and rotational speed of a hub and a rotating shaft vary depending on the wind conditions and control conditions. When a sliding bearing is used as described in Patent Document 1, the oil film thickness formed in the gap between the rotating shaft and the sliding bearing varies depending on the rotating speed, supporting load, and lubricating oil viscosity of the rotating shaft. When the oil rotates at a very low speed, the oil film thickness decreases. As a result, the oil film is partially cut, and the direct contact between the rotating shaft and the slide bearing, and further, the wear associated therewith tends to occur. Further, in a wind power generation system, a rotational power transmission mechanism such as a speed increaser is installed at a high place, so it takes time and cost to check the wear state of a slide bearing by an operator. Therefore, it is desirable that the wind power generation system has a function that allows the operator to always grasp the contact state of the slide bearing and the progress state of wear.

  On the other hand, in the wind power generation system described in Patent Document 2, it is necessary to stop the power generation operation and perform a special inspection operation in order to detect the wind power generation system.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a wind power generation system that can calculate the amount of wear of a plain bearing by a simple method.

  In order to solve the above problems, in a wind power generation system according to the present invention, a rotor that rotates with a blade that receives wind, a rotating shaft that rotates with the rotation of the rotor, and the rotating shaft A wind turbine provided with a slide bearing provided via an oil film; a rotational speed measuring means for directly or indirectly obtaining a rotational speed of the rotary shaft; an oil film temperature measuring means for directly or indirectly obtaining a temperature of the oil film; and the rotational speed. And a wear amount calculating device that calculates the wear amount of the slide bearing within a predetermined period using the temperature of the oil film.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the wind power generation system which can calculate the abrasion loss of a plain bearing with a simple method can be provided.

1 is an overall view showing an external appearance of a wind power generation system. It is a figure which shows the structure of a hub, a rotation main shaft, a gearbox, and a generator among the wind power generation systems which concern on Example 1, and the connection of various measuring means, an abrasion amount calculating apparatus, a display apparatus, and a data transmission apparatus. It is a figure which shows the detail of the rotating shaft in a step-up gear, and a slide bearing vicinity among the wind power generation systems which concern on Example 1. FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the connection relation of each apparatus and a means among the wind power generation systems which concern on Example 1. FIG. It is a flowchart figure which calculates and displays the amount of wear in the wind power generation system concerning Example 1. It is an example of the lubricating oil information used for the calculation in an abrasion amount calculating apparatus among the wind power generation systems which concern on Example 1. FIG. It is an example of the bearing contact load information used for the calculation in an abrasion amount calculating apparatus among the wind power generation systems which concern on Example 1. FIG. It is an example of the wear speed information used for the calculation in a wear amount calculating apparatus among the wind power generation systems which concern on Example 1. FIG. It is an example of the wear amount calculated by the wear amount calculating apparatus, the total wear amount, and the remaining life wear amount information in the wind power generation system according to the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification which arrange | positioned the data transmission apparatus inside a nacelle and the wear amount calculating apparatus and the display apparatus outside the nacelle among the wind power generation systems concerning Example 1. FIG.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The following are merely examples and are not intended to be construed as limiting the invention content to specific embodiments.

  A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, the wind power generation system includes a blade 1 that receives wind and a hub 4, and includes a rotating rotor, a nacelle 2 that supports the load of the blade 1, and a tower 3 that supports the nacelle 2. Composed. The nacelle 2 is supported so as to be rotatable in a substantially horizontal plane with respect to the tower 3, and can change the direction according to the wind direction.

  FIG. 2 shows the rotational power transmission mechanism from the hub to the subsequent speed increaser and the generator, the contact state between the rotating shaft and the slide bearing, and various means for calculating and displaying the amount of wear and the connection relationship of the devices. It is a figure explaining. This corresponds to a part surrounded by a broken line in FIG. As shown in the figure, the wind power generation system according to the present embodiment includes a hub 4 on which a blade 1 is mounted, a rotating main shaft 5 that is connected to the hub 4 and transmits rotational power associated with the rotation of the hub 4, and a rotating main shaft. The speed increaser 6 connected to the speed increaser 6 to increase the rotational speed of the output shaft at the subsequent stage, the generator 7, the oil supply device 8 for supplying the oil to the speed increaser 6, and the temperature of the lubricating oil to be supplied are measured. An oil supply temperature measuring means 9, an oil supply pressure measuring means 10 for measuring the pressure of lubricating oil to be supplied, an oil particle measuring means 11, a rotational speed measuring means 12, a wear amount calculating device 13, and a display device 14. And a data transmission device 15.

  When the hub 4 rotates by receiving wind from the blade 1, the rotational torque is transmitted to the speed increaser 6 via the rotation main shaft 5. The rotational power whose rotational speed has been increased by the speed increaser 6 is transmitted to the generator 7 connected to the output shaft of the speed increaser 6, and the rotor of the power generator 7 is driven to perform power generation operation.

  The speed increaser 6 and the oil supply device 8 are connected by an oil supply pipe and an oil discharge pipe, and lubricating oil is supplied to bearings, gears, and the like in the speed increaser 6 by a pump built in the oil supply device 8. Further, the lubricating oil that has passed through the bearings and gears in the speed increaser 6 is again collected by the oil supply device 8 through the oil drain pipe. An oil supply temperature measurement means 9 and an oil supply pressure measurement means 10 are installed in the middle of the oil supply device 8 or the oil supply pipe, and oil-in-particle measurement means 11 are installed on the oil supply side and the oil discharge side of the oil supply device 8. The rotational speed measuring means 12 is provided in any of the hub 4, the rotating main shaft 5, the speed increaser 6, the generator 7, or a connecting portion thereof, and determines the rotational speed of the rotating shaft that slides with the slide bearing for calculating the wear amount. Measure directly or indirectly. As described in detail in FIG. 4, the input portion of the wear amount calculation device 13 includes an oil supply temperature measuring unit 9, an oil supply pressure measuring unit 10, an oil particle measuring unit 11, and a rotation speed measuring unit 12. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the oil film temperature measuring means, the blade angle measuring means, the wind speed measuring means, the generator control device, and the setting input device are connected. Further, a display device 14 and a data transmission device 15 are connected to the output part of the wear amount calculation device 13.

  FIG. 3 shows a structure in the vicinity of the bearing to be evaluated in the speed increaser 6. In FIG. 2, it corresponds to a portion surrounded by a broken line 4a. The rotary shaft 20 passes through the slide bearing 21 and is rotatably supported by the slide bearing 21 via an oil film 22. The slide bearing 21 is provided with an oil supply passage 23 connected to an oil supply pipe from the oil supply device 8, from which lubricating oil flows into the gap between the rotary shaft 20 and the slide bearing 21, and flows out from the axial end of the gap. To do. The oil film temperature measuring means 24a and 24b are installed on the oil film 22 or in the vicinity thereof, for example, on the surface or inside of the oil supply passage 23 and the slide bearing 21 and in the vicinity of the end in the axial direction of the gap, and directly or indirectly control the temperature of the oil film 22. To measure. The oil discharge temperature measuring means 25 is installed outside the slide bearing 21 and measures the temperature of the oil flowing out through the gap between the rotary shaft 20 and the slide bearing 21. It is also possible to install the oil discharge temperature measuring means 25 close to the end of the slide bearing 21, that is, the opening of the gap between the rotary shaft 20 and the slide bearing 21, and also serve as the oil film temperature measuring means 24.

  FIG. 4 shows a connection relationship between each device and each means related to the wear amount calculation device 13. FIG. 5 shows a flow for calculating and displaying the wear amount.

  First, individual information, lubricating oil information, and evaluation time T regarding each wind power generation system are input through the setting input device. The individual information includes the diameter of the rotary shaft 20, the inner diameter and width of the slide bearing 21, dimensional information represented by the gap between the rotary shaft 20 and the slide bearing 21, surface roughness on the sliding surface, and the rotary shaft for the hub 4. The bearing load information according to the rotational speed ratio, the wind speed, and the operating state is included. The lubricating oil information includes the relationship between temperature and viscosity exemplified in FIG. Information input to the setting input device is transmitted to the wear amount calculation device 13.

  Subsequently, values measured by various measuring means are input to the wear amount calculation device 13. The measured value is a value representing the evaluation time T, and for example, an average value of the evaluation time T in whole or in part is used. Similarly, the control information of the generator control device is also input to the wear amount calculation device 13.

  A calculation flow in the wear amount calculation device 13 using input information from the setting input device, each measuring unit, and the generator control device will be described below with reference to FIG.

  From the oil film temperature measured by the oil film temperature measuring means 24, or the oil supply temperature measuring means 9 and the drained oil temperature measuring means 25, and the change characteristic of the viscosity with respect to the temperature in the oil used as illustrated in FIG. Viscosity η is calculated. Further, the rotational speed N of the rotary shaft 20 is calculated from the rotational speed measuring means 12 and the speed ratio input as the individual information. Further, the bearing load P in the slide bearing 21 is calculated from the pitch angle of the blade, the wind speed, the control information of the generator, and the dimensions of each part, and the average bearing load Pave is calculated by dividing the bearing load by the inner diameter and the width of the bearing. The difference between the outer diameter D of the rotating shaft 20 and the inner diameter of the slide bearing 21 and D is c, and the Sommerfeld number S defined by the following equation (1) is calculated.

S = (ηN / Pave) (D / c) ² (1)
In general, it is known that the minimum oil film thickness of a slide bearing is likely to decrease when S decreases due to a decrease in viscosity η, rotational speed N, or an increase in average bearing load Pave. When the oil film becomes thin and the oil film is partially cut and the surfaces of the rotary shaft 20 and the slide bearing 21 are brought into direct contact with each other, the bearing load P is the oil film load Pf that is the support load by the oil film and the support load by the direct contact. It is supported by the relationship of the following (2) with a certain contact load Pc.

P = Pf + Pc (2)
The wear amount calculation device 13 uses the parameters of formula (1), the oil supply pressure, and the surface roughness on the sliding surface, or uses the relationship between the Sommerfeld number S and the contact load ratio Pc / P illustrated in FIG. The contact load Pc is calculated.

  In the wear amount calculation device 13, the relationship between the contact load Pc and the wear speed Ws illustrated in FIG. 8 is recorded for each bearing to be evaluated. The relationship between the contact load Pc and the wear rate Ws is corrected by the cleanliness grade of the lubricating oil evaluated by the oil-in-oil particle measuring means 11 on the oil supply side of the oil supply device 8, the cleanliness grade is large, and the particles per unit oil amount When the number is large, the wear speed Ws is corrected to be larger with respect to the contact load Pc. For example, a grade described in ISO 4406 is used as the cleanliness grade of the lubricating oil. The wear amount Wt at the evaluation time T is calculated by the following equation (3).

Wt = TNWs (3)
The wear amount calculation device 13 calculates the total wear amount W by integrating the wear amount Wt at each evaluation time T calculated a plurality of times from the past to the evaluation time point. A prescribed value Wd of the wear amount is set in advance, and the remaining life wear amount ΔWr is calculated by the following equation (4).

ΔWr = Wd−W (4)
As the remaining life output, the remaining life wear amount ΔWr is used as it is, or the remaining life time obtained by dividing ΔWr by the time change of the total wear amount W is used.

  When the contact load Pc shows 0 or a value larger than the threshold value considering the variation, the wear amount calculation device 13 breaks the oil film between the rotary shaft 20 and the slide bearing 21 and causes a partial surface contact. It is determined that direct contact has occurred, and an indicator is displayed on the display device 14. Further, the contact load Pc is displayed.

  The wear amount calculation device 13 transmits all or any of the wear amount Wt, the total wear amount W, and the remaining life at the evaluation time T to the display device 14, and the display device 14 displays all or any of them. Similarly, the wear amount calculation device 13 transmits judgment information, Pc, Wt, W, and remaining life of the direct contact between the rotary shaft 20 and the slide bearing 21 to the data transmission device 15, and the data transmission device 15 is all or Either is transmitted to a display device, a recording device, a control device, a terminal, or the like inside or outside the nacelle by a wired or wireless communication means.

  According to the present embodiment, the operator can know in real time whether or not each wind power generation system is in an operating state that can cause oil film breakage or direct contact between the rotating shaft and the slide bearing. Further, it is possible to quantitatively grasp the direct contact state and the wear state that can occur between the rotating shaft and the slide bearing from the estimated values of the contact load Pc and the wear amount Wt at the evaluation time T. Therefore, the operator promotes an increase in oil film thickness based on this information, such as an operation for avoiding damage to the slide bearing, for example, an increase in rotational speed, a decrease in oil temperature, a decrease in power generation load, etc. Correspondence becomes possible. Alternatively, when it is difficult to increase the rotational speed, it is possible to prevent wear by preventing the sliding between the rotating shaft and the bearing by stationaryly fixing the rotating shaft. These countermeasures and countermeasures are implemented by the operator's judgment or by the automatic judgment of the control device or the like, for example, depending on the amount of wear or considering the remaining life. It is possible to operate a highly reliable wind power generation system by extending the service life through changes in operating conditions. As a control mode by the control device, it is conceivable to control the pitch angle to the feather side or change the generator torque so as to reduce the input energy from the wind so as to reduce the rotational speed as necessary.

  In addition, since the operator can know the estimated value of the total wear amount W and the remaining life wear amount ΔWr up to that point in each wind power generation system, it is easy to plan for maintenance and equipment replacement, and also for each wind power generation system. It is possible to extend the service life by applying appropriate operating conditions and operation plans to the installation location and individual characteristics of the power generation system.

  Furthermore, according to the above-described example, it is possible to provide a wear amount calculation function at a low cost by using a general-purpose sensor without requiring a special driving operation.

  In FIG. 2, the wear amount calculation device 13 and the display device 14 are installed in the nacelle 2 of the windmill, but they may be installed outside the nacelle 2 or in a remote place. Also, as shown in FIG. 10, various measurement means are connected to the data transmission device 15, and the data transmission device 15 inputs various measurement information to the wear amount calculation device 13 outside the nacelle 2 by wired or wireless communication means. The same function as the configuration shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 can be obtained as the configuration. In the configuration as shown in FIG. 10, the wear amount calculation device 13 can be installed outside the nacelle 2 or in a remote place, or can be carried, and the devices can be shared by a plurality of wind power generation systems, thereby reducing the equipment. Is possible.

  Further, the present invention is most suitable when the sliding surface material of the slide bearing is tin, copper, brass, bronze or a mixed material containing these as a main component. Since these materials are mainly hard with respect to the rotating shaft made of steel and the relationship between the contact load Pc and the wear speed Ws illustrated in FIG. 8 is not easily changed, the values of the wear amount Wt and the total wear amount W are set. It is possible to estimate with high accuracy.

1 blade
2 Nacelle 3 Tower 4 Hub 5 Rotating spindle 6 Speed increaser 7 Generator 8 Lubricating device 9 Lubricating temperature measuring means 10 Lubricating pressure measuring means 11 Oil particle measuring means 12 Rotational speed measuring means 13 Abrasion amount calculating device 14 Display device 15 Data Transmission device 20 Rotating shaft 21 Slide bearing 22 Oil film 23 Oil supply passage 24 Oil film temperature measuring means 25 Waste oil temperature measuring means

Claims (11)

A rotor rotating with blades for receiving wind;
A rotating shaft that rotates as the rotor rotates;
A windmill including a sliding bearing provided via an oil film with respect to the rotating shaft;
Rotational speed measuring means for directly or indirectly obtaining the rotational speed of the rotary shaft;
Oil film temperature measuring means for directly or indirectly determining the temperature of the oil film;
A wind power generation system comprising a wear amount calculation device that calculates a wear amount of the slide bearing within a predetermined period using the rotation speed and the temperature of the oil film.   The wind power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the amount of wear within a predetermined period is integrated.   The wind power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the remaining life of the slide bearing is calculated using the accumulated wear amount.   The wind power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the viscosity of the oil film at the time of measurement is calculated using the temperature of the oil film. The wind power generation system according to claim 4, wherein an average load applied to the slide bearing is calculated using a wind speed and a size of the device in the wind power generation system,
A wind power generation system that calculates a Sommerfeld number using the rotation speed, the temperature of the oil film, and the average load   6. The wind power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the contact load is calculated using a contact load ratio which is a ratio of the Sommerfeld number and a bearing load to a contact load due to direct contact.   7. The wind power generation system according to claim 6, wherein the wear amount calculation device stores a relationship between the contact load and a wear speed, and uses the cleanliness of the lubricating oil supplied to the slide bearing. A wind power generation system that corrects the wear rate with respect to the contact load   The wind power generation system according to claim 7, wherein the amount of wear within a predetermined period is calculated using the corrected wear speed and the rotation speed.   The wind power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a display device that displays at least one of the wear amount, the accumulated total wear amount, or the remaining life of the slide bearing. Wind power generation system characterized by   10. The wind power generation system according to claim 9, further comprising an input unit that inputs a cleanliness level of oil used in the oil film. The wind power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
A control device for controlling the windmill,
A wind power generation system that performs control to reduce wear of the slide bearing in accordance with the wear amount or remaining life of the slide bearing

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