JP2017193224A - Reverse and reduction gear, and ship equipped with same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reverse and reduction gear which can be steplessly decelerated.SOLUTION: A reverse and reduction gear 11 changes power of a main engine (engine) 10 mounted on a hull into forward, neutral or reverse output and transmits the same to a propeller 5 via an output shaft 15. The reverse and reduction gear 11 comprises a driving source 16 separately from the main engine 10, and a planetary gear mechanism 20 which synthesizes rotational powers of the main engine 10 and the driving source 16 and outputs the same to the output shaft. A rotation direction of the driving source 16 is reversible and a rotational speed of the driving source 16 is variable, and therefore, the reverse and reduction gear 11 enables forward and reverse rotation of the output shaft 15 and enables stepless acceleration/deceleration thereof.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a reduction / reverse gear that transmits rotational power of a main engine mounted on a ship to a propeller, and a ship equipped with the same.

  In recent years, engines such as pleasure boats and fishing boats have been rotated at a high speed. When this type of ship sails at a low speed such as trolling, low speed is required, but if a high speed engine is driven at low speed, hunting or engine stall may occur. For this reason, the hydraulic clutch provided between the engine and the propeller shaft is slip-engaged (half-clutch engagement), so that the propeller is rotated at a low speed while maintaining the engine at a constant rotation, thereby enabling low-speed navigation. (See, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, in a mechanism for supplying rotational power from an engine to a rotating machine that operates at a low rotational speed such as a generator, a configuration using a differential planetary gear type transmission device provided with a mechanical transmission means has been proposed (for example, (See Patent Document 2 etc.).

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-78637 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-91156

  However, if the trolling operation is continued for a long time, the heat generated by the sliding of the clutch plates of the hydraulic clutch increases, and the wear of the clutch plate is promoted, so that the life of the hydraulic clutch cannot be extended. there were. In addition, there is a problem that the operability in slow speed navigation is deteriorated due to insufficient torque due to the half-clutch engagement. Further, in order to switch the forward / reverse movement of the ship, a forward / reverse switching clutch mechanism for reversing the rotation from the engine is also required.

  Further, the differential planetary gear transmission in the cited document 2 is configured to output a constant rotational speed, and is configured to increase / decrease only in a predetermined rotational speed region of forward rotation. In addition to changing the speed, not only a forward / reverse switching clutch mechanism that forwards or reverses rotation from the engine, but also a mechanism that enables low-speed navigation is required separately.

  This invention makes it a technical subject to provide the speed reduction reverse rotation machine which improved by examining the above present conditions, and a ship provided with the same.

  The speed reduction reverser of the present invention is a speed reduction reverser that switches the power of the main engine mounted on the hull to forward, neutral or reverse output and transmits it to the propeller via the output shaft. And a planetary gear mechanism that combines rotational power from the main engine and the drive source and outputs the resultant to the output shaft, the rotational direction of the drive source is reversible, and the rotational speed of the drive source Is variable so that the rotation of the output shaft can be forward and reverse, and the speed is increased and decreased steplessly.

  In the speed reduction reverser, the rotational speed of the drive source is continuously changed from the reverse rotation side to the normal rotation side in a state where the rotational power of a constant rotation speed is input from the main engine, so that the output shaft The rotation may be switched steplessly from the reverse rotation side to the normal rotation side.

  In the above-described reduction reverse gear, the planetary gear mechanism is rotatably supported on the same radius on a sun gear that receives rotational power from the main engine, a carrier that receives rotational power from the drive source, and the carrier. It is good also as what is comprised with the planetary gear and the ring gear connected with the said output shaft.

  In the above reduction reverser, the planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear that receives rotational power from the drive source, a ring gear that receives rotational power from the main engine, a carrier connected to the output shaft, and the same radius as the carrier. It is good also as what is comprised with the planetary gear rotatably supported by the top.

  In the speed reduction reverser, the drive source is a generator motor that is electrically connected to a chargeable / dischargeable power supply, and reversibly converts mechanical energy in the planetary gear mechanism and electrical energy in the power supply. It is good also as what to do.

  In the speed reduction reverser, when the output shaft is idled by an external force when the main engine is stopped, the power source is rotated as a generator based on rotational power from the output shaft, thereby The device may be charged.

  In the speed reduction reverser, a brake mechanism is provided on the output shaft, and when the rotation of the output shaft is braked by the brake mechanism, the drive source is rotated as a generator by the rotational power from the main engine. It is good also as what charges the said power supply device by doing.

  In the above-described reduction reverse rotation machine, the drive source is a pump motor connected to an accumulator that is driven by a working fluid and accumulates a working fluid pressure, and includes mechanical energy in the planetary gear mechanism and pressure energy by working fluid pressure. May be reversibly converted.

  The ship of the present invention is one in which any one of the above speed reduction reversers is mounted on the hull.

  According to the present invention, since it is possible to change the speed steplessly using the rotational power from the drive source, it is not necessary to configure the reduction ratio with a plurality of stages in the reduction / reverse rotation machine, and to configure with a plurality of gear mechanisms and clutch mechanisms, and the number of components As well as improved driving performance and speed change operability. In addition, since the clutch mechanism for forward / reverse switching is not required, the reduction / reverse rotation machine can be made compact, and there is no failure due to burning of the friction plates used in the clutch mechanism, thus extending the life of the reduction / reverse rotation machine. Can contribute.

  According to the present invention, since the output of the speed reduction reverser can be changed in a state where the main engine is fixed at an efficient rotational speed and driven to rotate, the fuel efficiency of a ship equipped with the speed reduction reverser can be improved. Further, by continuously increasing / decreasing the rotational speed of the drive source, the forward rotation and reverse rotation of the output shaft are switched through the neutral state. For this reason, when the rotation of the speed reduction reverser is reversed in the forward and reverse directions, the burden on each part in the speed reduction reverser is small, failure and breakage can be reduced, and the life of the speed reduction reverser can be extended.

According to the present invention, it is possible to travel at a low speed by driving a drive source, and it is possible to prevent hunting and engine stall when the main engine is driven at a low speed. In addition, the propeller can be rotated at a low speed with a drive source in place of the main engine, and the marine vessel maneuvering performance can be improved, and optimal power transmission according to each navigational state can be realized. For example, even if the propeller rotational speed is a slow speed of 30 min ⁻¹ or less, a stable speed can be maintained. The power transmission path for slow speed navigation with respect to the output shaft can be configured in a compact manner, contributing to the downsizing of the speed reduction reverser itself.

  According to the present invention, the rotational speed from the main engine is amplified and output from the output shaft, and the area width (dynamic range) of each of the forward rotation side and the reverse rotation side in the rotation speed of the output shaft is widened. As a result, the forward / backward speed range of the ship equipped with the speed reducer is increased, and the ship can be adjusted to the optimum navigation speed for normal navigation and slow speed navigation, thereby improving the marine vessel maneuvering performance.

  According to the present invention, by operating the drive source as a generator, the power supply device can be charged, and low power consumption in the reduction reverse rotation machine can be achieved. In addition, the energy (regenerative energy) based on the external force received by the output shaft when the main engine is stopped is recovered by storing it in the power supply device. The kinetic energy is consumed and the escape distance of the ship can be reduced.

  According to the present invention, when the rotation of the output shaft is set to the neutral state, the rotation of the output shaft is braked by the brake mechanism, so that it is not necessary to operate the drive source as an electric motor, and power consumption in the drive source can be eliminated. Furthermore, during the braking operation by the brake mechanism, the drive source can be operated as a generator by the main engine, and mechanical energy (kinetic energy) by the main engine can be stored and recovered in the power supply device. Therefore, not only can energy saving be achieved in the speed reduction reverse rotation machine, but there is no need to unnecessarily increase or decrease the speed of the main engine, and the main engine can be efficiently driven to improve its fuel efficiency.

  According to the present invention, by operating the driving source as a pump, the working fluid pressure can be accumulated in the accumulator, fuel consumption due to driving of the operating pump can be suppressed, and the fuel efficiency of the speed reduction reverser can be improved. In addition, the energy (regenerative energy) based on the external force received by the output shaft when the main engine is stopped is recovered by storing it in the accumulator, which not only saves energy in the reduction reverse rotation machine, but also in the output shaft by energy conversion. Kinetic energy is consumed, and the ship's escape distance can be reduced.

It is a schematic side view of a pleasure boat provided with the speed reduction reverse rotation machine of 1st Embodiment. It is a skeleton figure which shows the power transmission system of the deceleration reverse rotation machine. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship of the input-output rotational speed in the speed reduction reverse rotation machine. It is a functional block diagram of a pleasure boat. It is a skeleton figure which shows the power transmission system of the deceleration reverse rotation machine in 2nd Embodiment. It is a skeleton figure which shows the power transmission system of the deceleration reverse rotation machine in 3rd Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship of the input-output rotational speed in the speed reduction reverse rotation machine. It is a skeleton figure which shows the power transmission system of the deceleration reverse rotation machine in 4th Embodiment.

<First Embodiment>
Below, 1st Embodiment which actualized this invention is described based on drawing (FIGS. 1-4). As shown in FIG. 1, a pleasure boat 1 that is a ship includes a hull 2, a cabin 3 disposed on the center of the upper surface of the hull, a rudder 4 provided on the bottom tail side of the hull 2, and a bottom tail side of the hull 2. And a propeller 5 disposed in front of the rudder 4. The cabin 3 is a control section. A propulsion shaft 6 (propeller shaft) for rotating the propeller 5 is pivotally supported on the rear tail side of the hull 2. A propeller 5 is attached to the protruding end side of the propulsion shaft 6.

  Although detailed illustration is omitted, in the cabin 3, there is a steering handle that changes the traveling direction of the hull 2 to the left and right by steering, and a speed adjustment that switches the traveling direction of the hull 2 between forward and reverse and adjusts the navigation speed. A shift lever 7 (see FIG. 3) as an operation tool and a throttle lever 8 (see FIG. 3) as a speed operation tool for setting and maintaining an output rotation speed of an engine 10 to be described later are provided. Each operation tool is not limited to a lever type, but may be another type such as a dial type.

  In the hull 2, an engine 10 as a main engine that is a driving source of the propeller 5, and a speed reduction reverser 11 that transmits the rotational power of the engine 10 to the propeller 5 via the propulsion shaft 6 are provided. The propeller 5 is rotationally driven by the rotational power transmitted from the engine 10 to the propulsion shaft 6 via the speed reduction reverser 11.

  FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a speed reduction reverser 11 according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the reduction / reverse gear 11 of the first embodiment includes a main input shaft 13 connected to the flywheel 12 of the engine 10 and an output shaft 15 connected to the propulsion shaft 6 via a coupling 14. A drive source 16 that is different from the engine 10, a transmission clutch 18 that interrupts power from the drive source 16, and a sub-input shaft 19 that is connected to the rotary shaft 17 of the drive source 16 via the transmission clutch 18. A planetary gear mechanism 20 that combines the rotational powers of the engine 10 and the drive source 16 and outputs the combined power to the output shaft 15. Although not shown in detail, the main input shaft 13 and the output shaft 15 are provided so as to protrude from the housing of the speed reduction reverser 11. Further, the drive source 16 and the planetary gear mechanism 20 are accommodated in the housing of the speed reduction reverser 11. Furthermore, the transmission clutch 18 is constituted by a meshing clutch (dog clutch) or a friction clutch.

  The reduction / reversal machine 11 has a reversible rotation direction of the drive source 16 and a variable rotation speed of the drive source 16 so that the rotation of the output shaft 15 can be forward / reversely increased and decelerated steplessly. That is, the drive source 16 is configured to be capable of forward and reverse rotation, and is configured to be able to continuously change from the maximum rotation speed at the time of reverse rotation to the maximum rotation speed at the time of forward rotation. The drive source 16 continuously changes from the maximum rotational speed at the time of reverse rotation to the maximum rotational speed at the time of forward rotation, so that the output rotational speed (rotational speed of the output shaft 15) from the planetary gear mechanism 20 is reversed. Can be changed steplessly from forward to forward.

  In the present embodiment, the drive source 16 includes a generator motor (generator motor), and is connected to a power supply device 21 that can be charged and discharged via an inverter circuit 22. That is, the drive source 16 is rotationally driven as a motor by the electric power from the power supply device 21 comprised of a secondary battery or a large capacity capacitor (electric double layer capacitor). On the other hand, when the rotational power from the planetary gear mechanism 20 side is transmitted to the drive source 16 and rotates, it operates as a generator, generates electric power, and supplies the electric power to the power supply device 21 for charging. Thus, the drive source 16 is configured to be able to reversibly convert mechanical energy on the planetary gear mechanism 20 side and electrical energy on the power supply device 21 side.

  The planetary gear mechanism 20 includes a sun gear 31 that rotates integrally with the main input shaft 13 to which rotational power from the engine 10 is transmitted, a carrier 32 that rotatably supports a plurality of planetary gears 33 on the same radius, and an inner gear. A ring gear 34 having internal teeth on the peripheral surface and rotating integrally with the output shaft 15 is provided. The input side transmission gear 35 that rotates integrally with the carrier 32 meshes with the output side transmission gear 36 that rotates integrally with the sub input shaft 19. Further, the carrier 32 is fitted to the main input shaft 13 so as to be relatively rotatable, the sun gear 31 meshes with each planetary gear 33 of the carrier 32 from the inside of the radius, and the inner teeth of the ring gear 34 have a radius with each planetary gear 33. It meshes from the outside.

  In the planetary gear mechanism 20, the sun gear 31, the carrier 32, and the ring gear 34 are arranged so that the rotation axes thereof coincide with each other, and the planetary gear 33 of the carrier 32 meshes with each of the sun gear 31 and the ring gear 34. The planetary gear mechanism 20 rotates the output shaft 15 connected to the ring gear 34 by superimposing the rotational power from the drive source 16 transmitted to the carrier 32 on the rotational power from the engine 10 transmitted to the sun gear 31. That is, the planetary gear mechanism 20 outputs the rotational power obtained by mixing the rotational power from the engine 10 and the rotational power from the drive source 16 to rotate the propeller 5 of the propulsion shaft 6.

  The engine 10 rotates at a rotational speed set by the throttle lever 8 and rotates the sun gear 31 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 through the main input shaft 13 at a constant rotational speed. When the drive source 16 is reversely rotated at the rotation speed set by the speed change lever 7, the rotation speed from the drive source 16 is transferred to the carrier 32 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 via the input side transmission gear 35 and the output side transmission gear 36. Then, the carrier 32 rotates forward. On the other hand, when the drive source 16 is rotated forward at the rotational speed set by the speed change lever 7, the rotational speed from the drive source 16 is changed by the planetary gear mechanism 20 via the input side transmission gear 35 and the output side transmission gear 36. The carrier 32 is reversed by being transmitted to the carrier 32.

  When the carrier 32 rotates in the forward direction, the planetary gear 33 loosely fitted in the carrier 32 rotates in the reverse direction by the forward rotation of the sun gear 31, while the carrier 32 rotates in the forward direction by revolving in the forward rotation. To do. Therefore, the ring gear 34 rotates forward at a rotational speed obtained by subtracting the rotational speed of the sun gear 31 and the rotational speed of the carrier 32 according to the gear ratio of each gear. On the other hand, when the carrier 32 rotates in the reverse direction, the planetary gear 33 loosely fitted in the carrier 32 rotates in the reverse rotation direction by the normal rotation of the sun gear 31, while the carrier 32 revolves in the reverse rotation direction by revolving in the reverse rotation. . Therefore, the ring gear 34 reverses at a rotation speed obtained by adding the rotation speed of the sun gear 31 and the rotation speed of the carrier 32 according to the gear ratio of each gear.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, when the drive source 16 reverses at the rotational speed RS1, the rotation of the ring gear 34 becomes zero, and the output of the output shaft 15 becomes neutral. Then, the rotational speed of the drive source 16 is continuously changed from the minimum rotational speed (maximum rotational speed on the forward rotation side) −RSmax to the maximum rotational speed (maximum rotational speed on the reverse rotation side) RSmax, and output via the ring gear 34. The output rotational speed output to the shaft 15 varies from the minimum rotational speed ROmin (−RM <ROmin <0) on the reverse side to the maximum rotational speed ROmax (0 <ROmax <RM, | RO1min |> | RO1max | ) Steplessly (continuously).

  Next, the electrical configuration around the drive source 16 and the operation of the drive source 16 will be described below. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the drive source 16 is connected to a power source device 21 such as a chargeable / dischargeable secondary battery or a large-capacitance capacitor via an inverter circuit 22 including a switching element such as a transistor and a diode. ing. The inverter circuit 22 supplies electric power from the power supply device 21 to the drive source 16 by DC / AC conversion by ON / OFF operation of the switching element, and operates as an electric motor (motor). On the other hand, when the drive source 16 operates as a generator, the inverter circuit 22 charges the power supply device 21 with the power from the drive source 16 by AC / DC conversion using a diode bridge.

  The controller 25 outputs a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal to the inverter circuit 22, turns on / off the switching element in the inverter circuit 22, and rotates the drive source 16 as an electric motor (motor). The controller 25 receives signals from a shift potentiometer 26 that detects the operation position of the shift lever 7, a throttle potentiometer 27 that detects the operation position of the throttle lever 8, and a rotation detection sensor 28 that detects the output rotation speed of the output shaft 15. Is output while a control signal for disengaging the transmission clutch 18 is output. The controller 25 is supplied with power from the power supply device 21 via the key switch 29.

  When the signal from the throttle potentiometer 27 is input, the controller 25 sets and holds the rotational speed of the engine 10 so as to rotate at a rotational speed corresponding to the operation position of the throttle lever 8. When the signal from the speed change potentiometer 26 is input, the controller 25 changes the PWM signal to the inverter circuit 22 based on the operation position of the speed change lever 7 and sets the rotational speed of the drive source 16.

  That is, when the speed change lever 7 is operated from the maximum reverse rotation speed toward the maximum normal rotation speed, the rotational speed of the drive source 16 continuously changes from the maximum reverse rotation speed −RSmax to the maximum normal rotation speed RSmax. At this time, when the rotational speed of the engine 10 is set to the rotational speed RM by the operation position of the throttle lever 8, the engine 10 rotates forward at the rotational speed RM. Then, when the speed change lever 7 is operated from the maximum reverse rotation speed to the maximum normal rotation speed, as shown in FIG. 4, the output rotation speed by the combined output of the planetary gear 33 on the output shaft 15 is the maximum rotation speed ROmin during reverse rotation. To the maximum rotational speed ROmax during forward rotation in a stepless manner.

  By operating the speed change lever 7 in this way, when the rotation of the output shaft 15 is reversed, the rotation of the output shaft 15 can be switched in a neutral state, so that the speed change lever 7 is inadvertently operated. Even if it does, the navigation state of the ship 1 does not change abruptly. Therefore, it is possible to prevent a drive trouble of the engine 10 or the drive source 16 due to an operator's erroneous operation. In addition, when the rotation of the output shaft 15 is on the reverse side, the ship 1 moves forward so that the area width (range width) of the forward speed of the ship 1 is made wider than the area width (range width) of the reverse speed. The ship maneuvering performance of the ship 1 can be improved.

  When the controller 25 confirms that the start operation of the engine 10 by the key switch 29 is executed, the controller 25 disconnects the speed change clutch 18 to disconnect the auxiliary input shaft 19 and the rotation shaft 17 of the drive source 16, so that the carrier It is assumed that 32 can be idle. Thus, when the engine 10 is started, power transmission to the drive source 16 is prohibited. Therefore, even when the load on the output shaft 15 is large, the load on the engine 10 is reduced and the engine 10 is reduced. Can be started smoothly.

  When the controller 25 confirms the rotation of the output shaft 15 based on the signal from the rotation detection sensor 28 when the engine 10 is stopped, the propeller 5 is assumed to be in an idle state by an external force, and the inverter circuit 22 is operated as a converter. . As a result, when the rotational power in the output shaft 15 is input to the ring gear 34 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 and transmitted to the auxiliary input shaft 19 via the carrier 32 and the planetary gear 33, the drive source 16 serves as a generator. Operate. Therefore, electric power generated by the power generation action of the drive source 16 is supplied to the power supply device 21 via the inverter circuit 22, and an external force (operating energy) that rotates the output shaft 15 is converted into electric energy. It is charged.

  The reduction reverse rotation machine 11 of this embodiment switches the power of the main engine (engine) 10 mounted on the hull 2 to forward, neutral or reverse output and transmits it to the propeller 5 via the output shaft 15. The speed reduction reverser 11 includes a drive source 16 that is different from the main engine 10, and a planetary gear mechanism 20 that synthesizes rotational power from the main engine 10 and the drive source 16 and outputs the combined power to the output shaft 15. Yes. The rotational direction of the drive source 16 is reversible and the rotational speed of the drive source 16 is variable, and the reduction / reverse rotation machine 11 allows the rotation of the output shaft 15 to be forward / reverse and to increase / decrease steplessly. Therefore, the reduction / reverse gear 11 does not need to be configured by a plurality of gear mechanisms or clutch mechanisms with a plurality of reduction gear ratios, and the number of components can be reduced. Further, since the output from the speed reduction reverser 11 can be changed steplessly, it is possible to improve traveling performance and speed change operability. Further, since the clutch mechanism for forward / reverse switching is not required, the speed reduction reverser 11 can be made compact, and there is no failure due to burning of the friction plates used for the clutch mechanism, and the life of the speed reduction reverser 11 is long. Can contribute to

  In addition, the reduction reverse rotation machine 11 of the present embodiment continuously increases the rotation speed of the drive source 16 from the reverse rotation side to the normal rotation side in a state where the rotational power at a constant rotation speed is input from the main engine (engine) 10. By changing the rotation, the rotation of the output shaft 15 is continuously switched from the reverse rotation side to the normal rotation side. Therefore, since the output of the speed reduction reverser 11 can be changed in a state where the main engine (engine) 10 is fixed and driven at an efficient rotational speed, the fuel efficiency of the ship 1 equipped with the speed reduction reverser 11 can be improved. . Further, by continuously increasing or decreasing the rotational speed of the driving source 16, the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the output shaft 15 are switched through the neutral state. Therefore, when the rotation of the speed reduction reverser 11 is reversed in the forward and reverse directions, the burden on each part in the speed reduction reverser 11 is small, failure and breakage can be reduced, and the life of the speed reduction reverser 11 can be extended.

  Further, the reduction / reverse gear 11 of the present embodiment uses the planetary gear mechanism 20 as a sun gear 31 that receives rotational power from the main engine (engine) 10, a carrier 32 that receives rotational power from the drive source 16, and a carrier 32. The planetary gear 33 is rotatably supported on the same radius, and the ring gear 34 is connected to the output shaft 15. Therefore, it is possible to navigate at a low speed by driving the drive source 16, and to prevent hunting and engine stall when the main engine (engine) 10 is driven at a low speed. Further, the propeller 5 can be reliably rotated at a low speed by the drive source 16 in place of the main engine 10, and the marine vessel maneuvering performance can be improved, and optimum power transmission according to each navigational state can be realized. For example, even if the rotation speed of the propeller 5 is as low as 30 min−1 or less, a stable speed can be maintained.

  Further, the reduction reverse rotation machine 11 of the present embodiment is a generator motor in which the drive source 16 is electrically connected to a chargeable / dischargeable power supply device 21, and the mechanical energy in the planetary gear mechanism 20 and the electric power in the power supply device 21. Reversibly convert energy. Therefore, by operating the drive source 16 as a generator, the power supply device 21 can be charged, and the power consumption of the reduction reverse rotation machine 11 can be reduced.

  Further, the reduction reverse rotation machine 11 of the present embodiment generates the drive source 16 based on the rotational power from the output shaft 15 when the output shaft 15 is idled by an external force when the main engine (engine) 10 is stopped. The power supply device 21 is charged by rotating as a machine. Therefore, the power (regenerative energy) based on the external force received by the output shaft 15 when the main engine (engine) 10 is stopped is recovered by being stored in the power supply device 21. Therefore, not only energy saving can be achieved in the speed reduction reverse rotation machine 11A, but kinetic energy in the output shaft is consumed by energy conversion, and the escape distance of the ship 1 can be reduced.

Second Embodiment
Next, a reduction reverse rotation machine 11A according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. Note that, in the configuration of the speed reduction reverser 11A of the present embodiment, the same parts as those of the speed reduction reverser 11 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the speed reduction reverser 11 </ b> A has a configuration in which a brake mechanism 38 that brakes the rotation of the output shaft 15 is added to the speed reduction reverser 11 of the first embodiment. The brake mechanism 38 may be, for example, a mechanical brake whose braking operation is controlled by a link mechanism or the like, a hydraulic brake whose braking operation is controlled by a hydraulic cylinder or the like, or an electromagnet or the like. An electromagnetic brake whose braking operation is controlled may be used.

  The deceleration reverse rotation machine 11A stops the rotation of the output shaft 15 by the brake mechanism 38 when the output shaft 15 is in a neutral state (a state in which the rotation speed is zero). Then, the controller 25 (see FIG. 3) stops outputting the PWM signal to the inverter circuit 22 and operates the inverter circuit 22 as a converter while maintaining the rotation of the engine 10 at the set rotation speed.

  Therefore, in the planetary gear mechanism 20, the ring gear 34 connected to the output shaft 15 is not rotatable, and the rotation of the sun gear 31 to which the rotational power of the engine 10 is transmitted is transmitted to the carrier 32 via the planetary gear 33. As a result, the drive source 16 connected to the carrier 32 rotates and operates as a generator, and the electric power generated by the drive source 16 is supplied to and stored in the power supply device 21 via the inverter circuit 22. The In addition, about other operation | movement of the deceleration reverse rotation machine 11A of this embodiment, it becomes the same as that of the reduction reverse rotation machine 11 of 1st Embodiment.

  In the speed reduction reverse rotation machine 11A of this embodiment, a brake mechanism 38 is provided on the output shaft 15, and when the rotation of the output shaft 15 is braked by the brake mechanism 38, the rotation power from the main engine (engine) 10 is used. The power source device 21 is charged by rotating the drive source 16 as a generator. Therefore, when the rotation of the output shaft 15 is set to the neutral state, the brake mechanism 38 brakes the rotation of the output shaft 15, so that it is not necessary to operate the drive source 16 as an electric motor (motor), and power consumption in the drive source 16 is reduced. Can be eliminated. Further, during the braking operation by the brake mechanism 38, the drive source 16 can be operated as a generator by the main engine (engine) 10, and mechanical energy (kinetic energy) by the main engine 10 is stored in the power supply device 21. Can be recovered. Therefore, not only can energy saving be achieved in the speed reduction reverse rotation machine 11A, there is no need to unnecessarily increase or decrease the speed of the main engine 10, and the main engine 10 can be efficiently driven to improve its fuel efficiency.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, a reduction / reverse gear 11B according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. In the configuration of the speed reduction reverser 11B of the present embodiment, the same parts as those of the speed reduction reverser 11A of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the speed reduction reverser 11 </ b> B is different from the speed reduction reverser 11 </ b> A of the second embodiment, in the planetary gear mechanism 20, the auxiliary input shaft 19 is connected to the sun gear 31 and the output shaft 15 is connected to the carrier 32. The ring gear 34 is connected to the main input shaft 13 via an input side transmission gear 35 and an output side transmission gear 36. That is, the rotational power of the drive source 16 is transmitted to the sun gear 31 via the transmission clutch 18, and the rotational power of the engine 10 is transmitted to the ring gear 34 via the input side transmission gear 35 and the output side transmission gear 36. . Then, the rotational power of the sun gear 31 and the ring gear 34 is combined with the carrier 32 via the planetary gear 33 and output as the rotational power of the output shaft 15. At this time, the ring gear 34 is fitted to the auxiliary input shaft 19 so as to be relatively rotatable.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the engine 10 is rotating forward at the rotational speed RM set by the throttle lever 8, and the ring gear 34 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 is kept constant via the input side transmission gear 35 and the output side transmission gear 36. Reverse at the rotation speed. Thereby, the planetary gear 33 loosely fitted in the carrier 32 rotates in the reverse direction by the reverse rotation of the ring gear 34, and the carrier 32 tries to revolve in the reverse direction. In FIG. 7, it is assumed that the reverse direction of the output shaft 15 is positive.

  When the drive source 16 is rotated forward at the rotational speed set by the transmission lever 7, the sun gear 31 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 is rotated forward via the auxiliary input shaft 19. Therefore, the planetary gear 33 loosely fitted in the carrier 32 rotates in the reverse direction by the reverse rotation of the ring gear 34, and rotates in the reverse direction by the normal rotation of the sun gear 31. As a result, the carrier 32 reverses at a rotational speed obtained by adding the rotational speed of the sun gear 31 and the rotational speed of the ring gear 34 according to the gear ratio of each gear.

  On the other hand, when the drive source 16 is reversed at the rotational speed set by the speed change lever 7, the sun gear 31 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 is reversed via the auxiliary input shaft 19. Therefore, the planetary gear 33 loosely fitted in the carrier 32 rotates in the reverse direction by the reverse rotation of the ring gear 34, and rotates in the normal direction by the reverse rotation of the sun gear 31. As a result, the carrier 32 reverses at a rotational speed obtained by subtracting the rotational speed of the sun gear 31 and the rotational speed of the ring gear 34 according to the gear ratio of each gear.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 7, when the drive source 16 reverses at the rotational speed RS2 (0 <RS2 <RSmax), the rotation of the ring gear 34 becomes zero and the output of the output shaft 15 becomes neutral. When the rotational speed of the drive source 16 is continuously changed from the minimum rotational speed (maximum rotational speed on the reverse rotation side) −RSmax to the maximum rotational speed (maximum rotational speed on the forward rotation side) RSmax, the ring gear 34 is used. The output rotation speed output to the output shaft 15 is switched steplessly (continuously) from the minimum rotation speed RO1min (RO1min <−RM) to the maximum rotation speed RO1max (RO1max> RM, | RO1min | <| RO1max |). .

  Further, when the rotation of the output shaft 15 is confirmed by a signal from the rotation detection sensor 28 (see FIG. 4) when the engine 10 is stopped, the speed reduction reverser 11B is assumed to be in the idle state of the propeller 5 by an external force. The inverter circuit 22 is operated as a converter. Thereby, when the rotational power in the output shaft 15 is input to the carrier 32 of the planetary gear mechanism 20 and transmitted to the auxiliary input shaft 19 through the planetary gear 33 and the sun gear 31, the drive source 16 serves as a generator. Operate. Therefore, electric power generated by the power generation action of the drive source 16 is supplied to the power supply device 21 via the inverter circuit 22, and an external force (operating energy) that rotates the output shaft 15 is converted into electric energy. It is charged.

  Further, the reduction reverse rotation machine 11B stops the rotation of the output shaft 15 by the brake mechanism 38 when the output shaft 15 is in a neutral state (a state in which the rotation speed is zero). The controller 25 (see FIG. 3) operates the inverter circuit 22 as a converter, while maintaining the rotation of the engine 10 at the set rotation speed. Therefore, in the planetary gear mechanism 20, the carrier 32 connected to the output shaft 15 becomes non-rotatable, and the rotation of the ring gear 34 to which the rotational power of the engine 10 is transmitted is transmitted to the sun gear 31 via the planetary gear 33. As a result, the drive source 16 connected to the sun gear 31 rotates and operates as a generator, and the electric power generated by the drive source 16 is supplied to the power supply device 21 via the inverter circuit 22 and stored. The

  The reduction / reverse gear 11B of the present embodiment connects the planetary gear mechanism 20 to the sun gear 31 that receives the rotational power from the drive source 16, the ring gear 34 that receives the rotational power from the main engine (engine) 10, and the output shaft 15. And a planetary gear 33 that is rotatably supported by the carrier 32 on the same radius. Accordingly, the rotational speed from the main engine (engine) 10 is amplified and output from the output shaft 15, and the area width (dynamic range) of each of the forward rotation side and the reverse rotation side in the rotation speed of the output shaft 15 is widened. Therefore, the speed range of the forward / rearward movement in the ship 1 equipped with the speed reducer 11B is increased, and can be adjusted to an optimum navigation speed in each of the normal navigation and the low speed navigation, and the ship maneuvering performance is improved.

<Fourth embodiment>
Next, a reduction reverse rotation machine 11C according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. Note that, in the configuration of the speed reduction reverser 11C of the present embodiment, the same portions as those of the configuration of the speed reduction reverser 11A of the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the reduction reverse rotation machine 11 </ b> C constitutes a drive source by a hydraulic continuously variable transmission 60 having a hydraulic pump 61 and a hydraulic motor 62. The hydraulic pump 61 is of a variable capacity type that is driven by rotational power from the engine 10, and the hydraulic motor 62 is of a constant capacity type that is operated by high-pressure hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 61. The hydraulic pump 61 and the hydraulic motor 62 are connected in series with each other through a hydraulic closed circuit. Although detailed illustration is omitted, a charge oil path is connected to the hydraulic closed circuit via a check valve, and the hydraulic oil is replenished from the charge oil path into the hydraulic closed circuit. A relief valve is provided to relieve the pressure.

  The hydraulic motor 62 having the rotary shaft 17 as a motor output shaft operates as a pump motor. When the hydraulic motor 62 performs a pump operation by connecting to the accumulator 64, hydraulic oil is supplied to the accumulator 64. The pressure of (working fluid) is accumulated. A pressure accumulating electromagnetic valve 67 controlled by the controller 25 is provided between the accumulator 64 and the hydraulic oil tank 65 and the hydraulic motor 62 for the rotational speed of the rotary shaft 17.

  A signal from a rotation detection sensor 63 that detects the output rotation speed of the rotary shaft 17 of the hydraulic motor 62 is input to the controller 25. Then, the controller 25 controls the position of the pump swash plate in the hydraulic pump 61 based on the signal from the rotation detection sensor 63, and sets the rotation speed of the hydraulic motor 62 as the target rotation speed. Accordingly, the hydraulic motor 62 rotates at a target rotation speed based on the working oil flow rate supplied from the hydraulic pump 61 and the accumulator 64.

  On the other hand, when the hydraulic motor 62 is performing the pump operation, the controller 25 confirms the rotation direction of the rotary shaft 17 based on the signal from the rotation detection sensor 63 and controls the pressure accumulating electromagnetic valve 67. Then, the connection circuit between the accumulator 64 and the hydraulic oil tank 65 is switched. Thereby, the working oil pressure in the accumulator 64 increases in the accumulator 64 when the working oil is supplied by the hydraulic motor 62.

  The speed reduction reverse rotation machine 11C of the present embodiment is a pump motor (hydraulic motor) 62 connected to an accumulator 64 whose driving source is driven by a working fluid and accumulates the working fluid pressure, and is mechanical in the planetary gear mechanism 20. It reversibly converts energy and pressure energy due to working fluid pressure. Therefore, by operating the pump motor 62 as a drive source as a pump, the working fluid pressure can be accumulated in the accumulator 64, fuel consumption due to the drive of the hydraulic pump 61 can be suppressed, and the fuel efficiency of the speed reduction reverser 11C can be improved. I can plan. Further, since the energy (regenerative energy) based on the external force received by the output shaft 15 when the main engine (engine) 10 is stopped is recovered in the accumulator 64, not only can energy saving be achieved in the reduction reverse rotation machine 11C. The kinetic energy in the output shaft 15 is consumed by energy conversion, and the escape distance of the ship 1 can be reduced.

  In addition, the structure of each part in this invention is not limited to embodiment of illustration, For example, instead of the drive source 16 by a generator motor or the drive source by the hydraulic pump motor 62, the drive source by a pneumatic pump motor is used. Various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention, such as substituting the drive source 16 in the first or third embodiment with the hydraulic pump motor 62 in the fourth embodiment.

1 Pleasure boat (ship)
2 Hull 5 Propeller 7 Shift lever 8 Throttle lever 10 Engine (main engine)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Deceleration reverse rotation machine 11A Deceleration reverse rotation machine 11B Deceleration reverse rotation machine 11C Deceleration reverse rotation machine 13 Main input shaft 15 Output shaft 16 Drive source (generator motor)
16A Drive source (pump motor)
17 Rotating shaft 18 Transmission clutch 19 Sub input shaft 20 Planetary gear mechanism 21 Power supply 22 Inverter circuit 31 Sun gear 32 Carrier 33 Planetary gear 34 Ring gear 35 Input side transmission gear 36 Output side transmission gear 38 Brake mechanism 60 Hydraulic continuously variable transmission 61 Hydraulic pressure Pump 62 Hydraulic motor 63 Rotation detection sensor 64 Accumulator 65 Hydraulic oil tank 67 Pressure accumulating solenoid valve

Claims (9)

In the reduction reverse gear that switches the power of the main engine mounted on the hull to forward, neutral or reverse output and transmits it to the propeller via the output shaft,
A driving source different from the main engine, and a planetary gear mechanism that combines the rotational power from the main engine and the driving source and outputs the resultant to the output shaft, and the rotational direction of the driving source is reversible. A reduction / reversal machine characterized in that the rotation speed of the drive source is variable, the rotation of the output shaft can be forward and reverse, and the speed is increased and decreased steplessly.   By continuously changing the rotational speed of the drive source from the reverse rotation side to the normal rotation side in a state where the rotational power of a constant rotation speed is input from the main engine, the rotation of the output shaft is corrected from the reverse rotation side to the normal rotation side. The speed reduction reverser according to claim 1, wherein the speed reduction reverser is steplessly switched to the reverse side.   The planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear that receives rotational power from the main engine, a carrier that receives rotational power from the drive source, a planetary gear that is rotatably supported on the carrier on the same radius, and the output. The speed reduction reverse rotation machine according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a ring gear connected to a shaft.   The planetary gear mechanism includes a sun gear that receives rotational power from the drive source, a ring gear that receives rotational power from the main engine, a carrier connected to the output shaft, and a shaft that is rotatable on the same radius as the carrier. The speed reduction reverse rotation machine according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a planetary gear supported.   The drive source is a generator motor electrically connected to a chargeable / dischargeable power supply device, and reversibly converts mechanical energy in the planetary gear mechanism and electrical energy in the power supply device. The reduction reverse rotation machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4.   When the output shaft is idled by an external force when the main engine is stopped, the power source is charged by rotating the drive source as a generator based on rotational power from the output shaft. The speed reduction reverse rotation machine according to claim 5 characterized by things.   A brake mechanism is provided on the output shaft, and when the rotation of the output shaft is braked by the brake mechanism, the power source is rotated as a generator by rotating power from the main engine, thereby The speed reduction reverser according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the device is charged.   The drive source is a pump motor connected to an accumulator that is driven by a working fluid and accumulates a working fluid pressure, and reversibly converts mechanical energy in the planetary gear mechanism and pressure energy by the working fluid pressure. The speed reduction reverse rotation machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 characterized by things. The speed reducer according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is mounted on the hull.
Ship.

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