JP2017191165A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electronic musical instrument capable of reproducing a sound which is generated by an impact on a main body part in acoustic instrument.SOLUTION: The electronic musical instrument includes: plural performance operators; a first measurement section that measures behavior of the performance operator by an operation on the performance operator and outputs a piece of first measurement data corresponding to the behavior; and a sound source part that generates a sound signal corresponding to the operation based on the first measurement data, and adjusts the attenuation factor of the sound signal responding to the operation on any of the performance operators after the operation. The electronic musical instrument is, for example, an electronic keyboard musical instrument, and in this case, the performance operators are keys.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a pronunciation technique in an electronic musical instrument.

  Electronic keyboard instruments such as an electronic piano have been devised in various ways to be as close as possible to an acoustic piano. In particular, the reproduction of the touch feeling of the key and the reproduction of the piano sound are regarded as important. Regarding the reproduction of piano sound, in addition to the technology for generating a sound signal using a waveform obtained by sampling a piano sound, the sound signal is obtained by arithmetic processing using a physical model exemplified in Patent Document 1. Generating technology has also been developed. According to the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is possible to generate a sound signal that is closer to an acoustic piano by reproducing even a collision sound (shelf sound) due to a collision between a key and a shelf board.

Japanese Patent No. 5664185

  By the way, the energy of pronunciation in an acoustic piano is attenuated for various reasons. For this reason, the magnitude of the influence of attenuation varies. For example, when a performer's finger touches a key, energy is transmitted to the performer through the finger, and as a result, the energy may be attenuated. Moreover, the vibration suppression effect by pressing down the piano main body with a key depression is also considered. However, there is no electronic piano that reproduces this situation.

  One of the objects of the present invention is to reproduce the pronunciation including the influence of attenuation due to the contact of the acoustic instrument with the player's key.

  According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of performance operators and a first measurement unit that measures the behavior of the performance operator by operating the performance operator and outputs first measurement data corresponding to the behavior And a sound source unit that generates a sound signal corresponding to the operation based on the first measurement data, and adjusts the attenuation rate of the sound signal according to an operation to any of the performance operators after the operation; An electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising: is provided.

  The second performance operation having a pitch lower than that of the first performance operator is lower than the attenuation rate of the sound signal generated in response to the operation on the first performance operator. Adjustment that increases the attenuation rate of the sound signal generated in response to an operation on the child may be included.

  The adjustment of the attenuation rate by the sound source unit may be performed on a sound signal generated in response to an operation on a performance operator having a pitch lower than a predetermined pitch.

  The sound source unit may adjust the attenuation rate based on the first measurement data.

  The apparatus further includes a second measurement unit that measures a pressure applied to the performance operator by an operation on the performance operator and outputs second measurement data corresponding to the pressure, and the sound source unit includes the second measurement data The attenuation rate may be adjusted based on the above.

  The sound source unit may read waveform data selected based on the first measurement data and generate the sound signal.

  The performance operator is a key, and the sound source unit calculates a vibration of at least a string of an acoustic piano and a vibration of a main body connected to the string using a physical model based on the first measurement data. The sound signal with the attenuation rate adjusted may be generated based on the calculation result, and the calculation of the physical model may include a calculation of adjusting the attenuation rate using vibration of the main body.

  The apparatus further includes a second measurement unit that measures a pressure applied to the performance operator by an operation on the performance operator, and outputs second measurement data corresponding to the pressure. An operation for adjusting the attenuation rate based on measurement data may be included.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to reproduce a sound including the influence of attenuation caused by contact of the player with the key of the acoustic instrument.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the electronic keyboard musical instrument in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the sound source part in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the sound signal generation part in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the example of the definition of a general envelope waveform, and the envelope waveform of the sound of a piano. It is a flowchart which shows the adjustment process of decay rate in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the adjustment example of the decay rate in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the pitch dependence of the adjustment coefficient of the decay rate in 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function structure of the sound source part in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the process example of the conversion part in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function structure of the physical model calculating part in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function structure of the makeup | decoration sound production | generation part in 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

  Hereinafter, an electronic keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are examples of embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention should not be construed as being limited to these embodiments. Note that in the drawings referred to in the present embodiment, the same portion or a portion having a similar function is denoted by the same reference symbol or a similar reference symbol (a reference symbol simply including A, B, etc. after a number) and repeated. The description of may be omitted. In addition, the dimensional ratios of the drawings (the ratios between the components, the ratios in the vertical and horizontal height directions, etc.) may be different from the actual ratios for convenience of explanation, or some of the configurations may be omitted from the drawings.

<First Embodiment>
[Configuration of electronic keyboard instrument]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an electronic keyboard instrument in the first embodiment of the present invention. The electronic keyboard instrument 1 is an example of an electronic musical instrument having a plurality of keys 70 as performance operators. When the user operates the key 70, sound is generated from the speakers 60L and 60R (hereinafter, simply referred to as the speaker 60). The type (tone color) of the generated sound is changed using the operation unit 21. The electronic keyboard instrument 1 can generate a sound including the influence of sound attenuation caused by the user's operation on the key 70. Next, each configuration of the electronic keyboard instrument 1 will be described in detail.

  The electronic keyboard instrument 1 includes a plurality of keys 70, a housing 50, and a pedal device 90. The plurality of keys 70 are rotatably supported by the housing 50. An operation unit 21, a display unit 23, and a speaker 60 are arranged in the housing 50. Inside the housing 50, a control unit 10, a storage unit 30, a key behavior measuring unit 75, and a sound source unit 80 are arranged. A pressure measuring unit 73 is disposed on the surface of the key 70. The pedal device 90 includes a damper pedal 91, a shift pedal 93, and a pedal behavior measuring unit 95. Each component disposed inside the housing 50 is connected via a bus. A pedal behavior measuring unit 95 is also connected to this bus. The electronic keyboard instrument 1 may include an interface for inputting / outputting signals to / from an external device. Examples of the interface include a terminal for outputting a sound signal and a cable connection terminal for transmitting / receiving MIDI data.

  The control unit 10 includes an arithmetic processing circuit such as a CPU and a storage device such as a RAM and a ROM. The control unit 10 causes the CPU to execute a control program stored in the storage unit 30 to realize various functions in the electronic keyboard instrument 1. The operation unit 21 is a device such as an operation button, a touch sensor, or a slider, and outputs a signal corresponding to the input operation to the control unit 10. The display unit 23 is a display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display, and displays a screen based on control by the control unit 10.

  The storage unit 30 is a storage device such as a nonvolatile memory. The storage unit 30 stores a control program executed by the control unit 10. The storage unit 30 may store parameters, waveform data, and the like used in the sound source unit 80.

  The speaker 60 (60L, 60R) generates a sound corresponding to the sound signal by amplifying and outputting the sound signal output from the control unit 10 or the sound source unit 80. In this example, the speaker 60L is arranged on the left side of the housing 50 (the bass side of the key 70) when viewed from the user side. The speaker 60R is disposed on the right side of the housing 50 (the high sound side of the key 70) when viewed from the user side.

  The key behavior measuring unit 75 measures the behavior of each of the plurality of keys 70 and outputs measurement data indicating the measurement result. This measurement data includes information (KC, KS, KV). That is, information (KC, KS, KV) is output in response to a pressing operation on each of the plurality of keys 70. Information KC is information (for example, key number) indicating the operated key 70. Information KS is information indicating the pressing amount of the key 70. Information KV is information indicating the pressing speed of the key 70. By outputting the information KC, KS, and KV in association with each other, the operated key 70 and the operation content for the key 70 are specified.

  The pressure measurement unit 73 measures the pressure applied to the surfaces of the plurality of keys 70, and outputs measurement data indicating the measurement results. This measurement data includes information (KC, KP). That is, information (KC, KP) is output in response to a pressing operation on each of the plurality of keys 70. The information KC is information (for example, key number) indicating the operated key 70, as described above. Information KP is information indicating the pressure applied to the surface of the key 70. By outputting the information KC and KP in association with each other, the operated key 70 and the pressure on the surface of the key 70 are specified. The pressure sensor may be arranged by a method of being affixed to the surface of the key 70, or a configuration (stopper or the like) that defines a lower limit position when the key 70 is pressed while the key 70 is completely pressed. And the key 70 may be disposed at a position sandwiched between them. In the latter case, the pressure is not measured while the key 70 is being pressed.

  The pedal behavior measuring unit 95 measures the behavior of each of the damper pedal 91 and the shift pedal 93 and outputs measurement data indicating the measurement result. This measurement data includes information (PC, PS). The information PC is information indicating whether the operated pedal is the damper pedal 91 or the shift pedal 93. Information PS is information indicating the amount of pressing of the pedal. By outputting the information PC and PS in association with each other, the operated pedal (damper pedal 91 or shift pedal 93) and the operation content (push amount) for the pedal are specified.

  The sound source unit 80 generates a sound signal based on the input information (KC, KS, KV, KP, PC, PS) and outputs the sound signal to the speaker 60. The sound signal generated in the sound source unit 80 includes a sound that corresponds to the operation of the key 70 and reflects the attenuation caused by the player touching the key. Here, the sound signal generated by the sound source unit 80 is obtained every time the key 70 is operated. The plurality of sound signals obtained by the plurality of key depressions are synthesized and output from the sound source unit 80. The configuration of the sound source unit 80 will be described in detail.

[Configuration of sound generator]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of the sound source unit in the first embodiment of the present invention. The sound source unit 80 includes a conversion unit 88, a sound signal generation unit 111, a waveform data storage unit 151, and an output unit 180. The converter 88 converts input information (KC, KS, KV, PC, PS) into control data in a format used in the sound signal generator 111. That is, information having different meanings is converted into control data having a common format. The control data is data that defines the pronunciation content. In this example, the conversion unit 88 converts input information into control data in the MIDI format.

  The conversion unit 88 generates control data based on information (KC, KS, KV) input from the key behavior measurement unit 75. The control data generated in this case includes information indicating the position of the operated key 70 (note number), information indicating that the key has been pressed (note on), information indicating that the key has been released (note off), and pressing. Including key speed (velocity). Further, the conversion unit 88 generates control data indicating the pressing amount of the damper pedal 91 and control data indicating the pressing amount of the shift pedal 93 based on information (PC, PS) input from the pedal behavior measuring unit 95.

  The conversion unit 88 outputs adjustment data corresponding to the pressure value in each key 70 to the adjustment unit 131 based on information (KC, KP) input from the pressure measurement unit 73. The adjustment data is used to adjust the envelope of the sound signal generated by the sound source unit 80. In this example, the adjustment data includes information indicating the degree of adjustment (adjustment amount) of the envelope. Adjustment data is generated such that the higher the pressure on the surface of the key 70 and the greater the number of keys 70 to which pressure is applied, the greater the adjustment amount.

  For example, the adjustment data defines an adjustment amount in the range of “0” to “1”. When “0”, the envelope is not adjusted (the adjustment amount may be minimum), and when “1”, the adjustment amount is adjusted. Is defined as the largest. At this time, adjustment occurs when the pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold (adjustment data is greater than “0”), and adjustment does not occur unless the pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold (adjustment data is Adjustment data may be generated such that “0”).

  The waveform data storage unit 151 stores at least piano sound waveform data. The piano sound waveform data is waveform data obtained by sampling the sound of an acoustic piano (the sound generated by the string hitting with the key depression).

  The sound signal generation unit 111 generates and outputs a sound signal based on the control data input from the conversion unit 88. At this time, the adjustment unit 131 adjusts the envelope of the sound signal. The output unit 180 outputs the sound signal generated by the sound signal generation unit 111 to the outside of the sound source unit 80. In this example, a sound signal is output to the speaker 60 and listened to by the user. Next, a detailed configuration of the sound signal generation unit 111 will be described.

[Configuration of sound signal generator]
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the sound signal generation unit in the first embodiment of the present invention. The sound signal generation unit 111 includes a waveform reading unit 113 (waveform reading units 113-1, 113-2,... 113-n), and an EV (envelope) waveform generation unit 115 (115-1, 115-2,... 115-n), a multiplier 117 (117-1, 117-2,... 117-n), and a waveform synthesizer 119. The above “n” corresponds to the number that can be generated simultaneously (the number of sound signals that can be generated simultaneously), and is 32 in this example. That is, according to the sound signal generation unit 111, the state of sounding up to 32 key presses is maintained, and when the 33rd key press occurs, the sound signal corresponding to the first sounding is forcibly stopped. Is done.

  The waveform reading unit 113-1 selects and reads out waveform data to be read out from the waveform data storage unit 151 based on the control data obtained from the conversion unit 88, and generates a tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the note number. To do. In this example, piano sound waveform data is read out. The EV waveform generation unit 115-1 generates an envelope waveform based on the control data obtained from the conversion unit 88 and preset parameters. A part of the generated envelope waveform is adjusted by the adjustment unit 131. An envelope waveform generation method and an adjustment method thereof will be described later. The multiplier 117-1 multiplies the sound signal generated in the waveform reading unit 113-1 by the envelope waveform generated in the EV waveform generation unit 115-1.

  Although the case of n = 1 is illustrated, every time there is a next key depression when a sound signal is output from the multiplier 117-1, n = 2, 3, 4,. Control data will be applied. For example, for the next key depression, control data is applied to the configuration of n = 2, and a sound signal is output from the multiplier 117-2 in the same manner as described above. The waveform synthesizer 119 synthesizes the sound signals output from the multipliers 117-1, 117-2,..., 117-32 and outputs the synthesized sound signal to the output unit 180.

[Envelope waveform]
The envelope waveform generated in the EV waveform generation unit 115 will be described. First, general envelope waveforms and parameters will be described, and an adjustment method of the envelope waveform by the adjustment unit 131 will be described.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a general envelope waveform definition (FIG. 4A) and an example of a piano sound envelope waveform (FIG. 4B). As shown in FIG. 4A, the envelope waveform is defined by a plurality of parameters. The plurality of parameters include an attack level AL, an attack time AT, a decay time DT, a sustain level SL, and a release time RT. If there is a note-on, it will rise to the attack level AL at the time of the attack time AT. After that, it decreases to the sustain level SL at the decay time DT and maintains the sustain level SL. When there is a note-off (Koff), the time decreases from the sustain level SL to the mute state (level “0”) at the release time RT. If there is a note-off (Koff) before reaching the sustain level SL, that is, during the attack time AT period and the decay time DT period, the mute state is reached at the release time RT from that point. Note that the mute state may be reached at an attenuation rate obtained by dividing the sustain level SL by the release time RT.

  The decay rate DR is a value that can be calculated from the above-described parameters, and is obtained by dividing the difference between the attack level AL and the sustain level SL by the decay time DT. This parameter indicates the degree of natural attenuation (attenuation rate) of the sound in the note-on state. In addition, although the example in which the decay rate of the decay rate DR is constant at the decay time DT (inclination is a straight line) is shown, it is not necessarily constant. That is, the slope may be defined on a curve by changing the attenuation rate in a predetermined manner.

  A general piano sound is defined as shown in FIG. In this example, the sustain level SL is set to “0”, and the decay time DT is set to be relatively long (decay rate DR is small). This state shows a state in which the damper is separated from the string. If there is a note-off (Koff) at the decay time DT, the damper comes into contact with the string and attenuates rapidly as shown by the dotted line. The EV waveform generation unit 115 in this example generates an envelope waveform shown in FIG. 4B, and the decay rate DR is adjusted by the adjustment unit 131. This adjustment will be described.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a decay rate adjustment process in the first embodiment of the present invention. When the function of reflecting the influence of attenuation due to the player's contact is turned on via the operation unit 21, the adjustment unit 131 starts the adjustment process of the decay rate DR. When the adjustment process is started, the adjustment unit 131 waits for reception of adjustment data (step S101; No). During performance, adjustment data is sequentially transmitted because there is almost pressure applied to the key 70. For this reason, when adjustment data is not received, in most cases, no key pressing is performed.

  When the adjustment unit 131 receives the adjustment data (step S101; Yes), the adjustment unit 131 specifies the EV waveform generation unit 115 belonging to the decay period (step S103). The decay period corresponds to a period under the control of the decay time DT. Therefore, the EV waveform generation unit 115 belonging to the decay period refers to the EV waveform generation unit 115 that outputs the envelope waveform at the decay time DT.

  The adjustment unit 131 adjusts the decay rate DR based on the adjustment data for the specified EV waveform generation unit 115 (step S105), and waits for reception of the next adjustment data (step S101). As described above, since a plurality of EV waveform generation units 115 may be specified in step S103, the decay rate DR may be adjusted for the plurality of EV waveform generation units 115. That is, the attenuation rate of the sound signal generated by the operation of the key 70 is adjusted according to the operation after the operation (including the operation for the other key 70). Next, a specific example of adjusting the decay rate DR will be described.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of adjusting the decay rate in the first embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the key 70 is pressed twice, and the generation of envelope waveforms is sequentially started in the EV waveform generation units 115-1 and 115-2. And the case where the adjustment part 131 received adjustment data at the timing of t1 and t2 is shown. This is an example in which the second adjustment data has a smaller adjustment amount than the first adjustment data. Kon indicates the timing when a key is pressed (note-on).

  The decay rate DR shown in the figure is a predetermined initial value, and until time t1, an envelope waveform is generated with an attenuation rate corresponding to the DR. When adjustment data is received at time t1, adjustment unit 131 adjusts the decay rates of EV waveform generation units 115-1 and 115-2 to a decay rate DRc1 in which the attenuation rate is increased according to the adjustment data. When the adjustment data is further received at time t2, adjustment unit 131 adjusts the decay rates of EV waveform generation units 115-1 and 115-2 to a decay rate DRc2 in which the attenuation rate is reduced according to the adjustment data. .

  Decay rate DRc2 has a reduced attenuation rate with respect to decay rate DRc1, but has an increased attenuation rate with decay rate DR as a reference. In other words, the slope at the decay rate DRc2 in the envelope waveform is between the slope at the decay rate DR and the slope at the decay rate DRc1. Therefore, when the decay rate is adjusted by applying pressure to the key 70, an envelope waveform with a larger attenuation rate is obtained than when the decay rate DR is attenuated as can be seen from the two envelope waveforms shown in FIG. It is done. As a result, the sound energy is transmitted to the performer, and a sound that decays quickly can be reproduced.

  The decay rate adjustment based on the adjustment data may be the same adjustment amount regardless of the pitch of the target sound signal, but the adjustment amount changes according to the pitch of the sound being generated. Also good. In this case, the adjustment of the envelope waveform for the EV waveform generation unit 115-k can be performed by the adjustment unit 131 acquiring the note number indicated by the control data applied to the waveform reading unit 113-k corresponding thereto. Good. And the adjustment part 131 should just calculate the adjustment amount according to a note number.

  In general, energy is more easily transmitted to the performer when the sound is generated on the bass side. For example, the effect may be reproduced by the sound signal generation unit 111 by making the adjustment amount pitch-dependent. At this time, the attenuation rate for the sound signal generated in response to the operation of any key 70 having a lower pitch (lower side) than the attenuation rate for the sound signal generated in response to the operation of a certain key 70 is obtained. It is desirable to include adjustments that increase.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the pitch dependency of the adjustment coefficient of the decay rate in the first embodiment of the present invention. The adjustment coefficient DP is a coefficient for giving pitch dependency to the adjustment amount in the adjustment data, and is multiplied by, for example, the value of the adjustment data. Three examples of the pitch dependence of the adjustment coefficient DP are illustrated in FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 7C. In any relationship, the vertical axis represents the adjustment coefficient DP, and the horizontal axis represents the pitch (note number: 1 to 88).

  According to the first example shown in FIG. 7A, an example is disclosed in which the adjustment coefficient DP gradually decreases as the pitch increases. In this example, the adjustment coefficient DP is “0” for the note number kn, and the envelope waveform is not adjusted for pitches of note number kn or higher. If kn is set to “89” or more, the envelope waveform is adjusted even for the highest sound. Further, the decrease rate of the adjustment coefficient DP with respect to the increase in the pitch is not limited to a constant value as illustrated, and may be changed.

  According to the second example shown in FIG. 7B, the envelope waveform is adjusted with the same adjustment coefficient DP on the bass side with respect to the note number kn. On the other hand, the envelope waveform is not adjusted on the high sound side with respect to the note number kn. In this example, when the note number kn is “88”, this is the same as the example in which the adjustment without pitch dependency is performed.

  According to the third example shown in FIG. 7C, the adjustment coefficient DP is the largest in the note number kn, and is decreased on the bass side and the high temperature side. Note that the rate of change may be different between the bass side and the high temperature side. For example, on the bass side, the adjustment coefficient DP may be a constant value (for example, “1”).

  As described above, the electronic keyboard instrument 1 according to the first embodiment adjusts the envelope waveform in accordance with the operation on the key 70, thereby generating the sound including the influence of attenuation due to the contact of the acoustic instrument with the player's key. Can be reproduced.

Second Embodiment
An example of using arithmetic processing using a physical model disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5664185 in order to reproduce the sound including the influence of attenuation due to contact of the player with the key of the acoustic instrument will be described as a second embodiment. To do.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of the sound source unit in the second embodiment of the present invention. The sound source unit 80A includes a conversion unit 88A, a physical model calculation unit 100, and an output unit 180. The conversion unit 88A uses information (KC, KS, KV) input from the key behavior measurement unit 75 and information (PC, PS) input from the pedal behavior measurement unit 95 as signals used in the physical model calculation unit 100. Convert and output. The conversion unit 88A also converts the information (KC, KP) input from the pressure measurement unit 73 into a signal used in the physical model calculation unit 100 and outputs the signal. The physical model calculation unit 100 corresponds to the tone signal synthesis unit 100 disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5664185.

Signals input to the physical model calculation unit 100 include input signals 1 to 5 represented on a discrete time axis (t = nΔt; n = 0, 1, 2,...). The input signal 1 (e _k (nΔt)) is a signal corresponding to the key pressing amount, and is generated based on the information KC and KS input from the key behavior measuring unit 75. The input signal 2 (V _H (nΔt)) is a signal corresponding to the hammer speed, and is generated based on information KC and KV input from the key behavior measuring unit 75. Input signals 3 (e p _(n.DELTA.t)) is a signal corresponding to the pushing amount of the damper pedal (depression amount) information PC input from the pedal behavior measuring unit 95 is generated based on the PS. Input signal 4 (e s _(n.DELTA.t)) is a signal corresponding to the pushing amount of the shift pedal (depression amount) information PC input from the pedal behavior measuring unit 95 is generated based on the PS. The input signals 1 to 4 are output from the conversion unit 88B. Input signals 1 to 4 are the same as those disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5664185. On the other hand, the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)) is a signal corresponding to the pressure applied to each key 70, and is generated based on information KC and KP that can be input from the pressure measuring unit 73.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a processing example of the conversion unit in the third embodiment of the present invention. In this example, information KS is converted into input signal 1 (e _k (nΔt)) corresponding to the key specified by information KC. Specifically, the position of the key indicated by the certain information at the timing KS (ranging from a rest position (rest) end position of the (end The)), shows the relationship between the value of e _k. According to this conversion table, e _k is the key is pressed a predetermined amount from a rest position, starts to decrease from "1", is determined to reach the "0" in a certain amount a stage before reaching the end position Yes. Such a conversion table is provided corresponding to the input signals 1 to 4.

  Based on the input signals 1 to 5, the physical model calculation unit 100 performs a calculation based on a physical model including a plurality of models (damper model, hammer model, string model, main body model, air model) assuming a grand piano. A sound signal indicating sound is generated. The generated sound signal is output to the output unit 180 and output to the outside of the sound source unit 80A. The configuration of the physical model calculation unit 100 will be described.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a functional configuration of the physical model calculation unit in the second embodiment of the present invention. The physical model calculation unit 100 includes a comparison unit 101, damper model calculation units 102-1, 102-2, hammer model calculation unit 103, string model calculation units 104-1, 104-2, body model calculation unit 105, air model calculation. Unit 106 and makeup sound generator 200. When the damper model calculation units 102-1 and 102-2 are not distinguished, they are referred to as a damper model calculation unit 102. When the string model calculation units 104-1 and 104-2 are not distinguished, they are referred to as the string model calculation unit 104. In any case, a physical model is assumed in the case where there are two corresponding strings (iw = 1, 2) in a specific key. If there are three or more strings, the number of string model calculation units 104 and damper model calculation units 102 connected in parallel to the main body model calculation unit 105 may be increased.

  Each configuration will be described below. The physical model calculation method in the damper model calculation unit 102, the hammer model calculation unit 103, the string model calculation unit 104, the main body model calculation unit 105, and the air model calculation unit 106 is the same as that disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5664185. It is. Further, various calculation parameters including parameters used in the physical model calculation are the same as those disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5664185. Therefore, in this specification, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted by referring patent 5664185 about the description.

The comparison unit 101 acquires an input signal 1 (e _k (nΔt)) and an input signal 3 (e _p (nΔt)). The comparison unit 101 outputs the smaller value as e _D (nΔt) to the damper model calculation units 102-1 and 102-2.

The damper model calculation unit 102 calculates the damper. The damper model calculation unit 102 acquires e _D (nΔt) output from the comparison unit 101 and u _k (x _D , nΔt) (k = 1, 3) output from the string model calculation unit 104. u ₁ (x _D , nΔt) represents the displacement of the chord center axis in the z direction at the sound stopping point. u ₃ (x _D , nΔt) represents the displacement in the y direction of the chord center axis at the sound stopping point. Here, the z direction (k = 1) is the direction of movement of the hammer center of gravity when striking. The x direction (k = 2) is a direction along the central axis of the string. The y direction (k = 3) is a direction perpendicular to the x direction and the z direction. The same applies to the following description. The damper model calculation unit 102 calculates f _Dk (nΔt) using these pieces of information, and outputs them to the string model calculation unit 104. f _Dk (nΔt) indicates the resistance force of the damper.

The hammer model calculation unit 103 calculates a hammer. Hammer model calculation unit 103 obtains an input signal 2 output from the comparator 101 _(V H _(nΔt)) and the input signal _{4 (e s (nΔt))} . The hammer model calculation unit 103 calculates f _H (nΔt) using these pieces of information, and outputs them to the string model calculation unit 104. f _H (nΔt) indicates the force exerted by the hammer tip on the string surface.

The string model calculation unit 104 calculates the vibration of the string. The string model calculation unit 104 outputs f _Dk (nΔt) output from the damper model calculation unit 102, f _H (nΔt) output from the hammer model calculation unit 103, and u _Bk (nΔt) output from the main body model calculation unit 105. ) (K = 1, 2, 3). u _Bk (nΔt) indicates the displacement of the string support end in the z direction (k = 1), the x direction (k = 2), and the y direction (k = 3). Using this information, the string model calculation unit 104 uses u _k (x _D , nΔt) (k = 1, 3), u ₁ (x _H , nΔt), f _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2). , 3). f _Bk (nΔt) indicates forces in the z direction (k = 1), x direction (k = 2), and y direction (k = 3) exerted on the string support end by the string. u ₁ (x _H , nΔt) indicates the displacement in the z direction of the chord center axis at the striking point. u _k (x _D , nΔt) (k = 1, 3) is output to the damper model calculation unit 102. u ₁ (x _H , nΔt) is output to the hammer model calculation unit 103. f _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) is output to the main body model calculation unit 105.

The main body model calculation unit 105 calculates the vibration of the main body. The body model calculation unit 105 obtains f _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) output from the string model calculation unit 104. F _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) output from the makeup sound generator 200 is added to f _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3). F _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) is the force in the z direction (k = 1), x direction (k = 2), and y direction (k = 3) exerted on the string support end by the makeup sound. Show. The body model calculation unit 105 calculates Ac (nΔt) and u _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) using these pieces of information. Ac (nΔt) indicates a displacement on the mode coordinates of the natural vibration mode of the main body. Ac (nΔt) is output to the air model calculation unit 106. u _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) is output to the string model calculation unit 104.

  The air model calculation unit 106 calculates acoustic radiation. The air model calculation unit 106 acquires Ac (nΔt) output from the main body model calculation unit 105, calculates P (nΔt), and outputs it. P (nΔt) corresponds to the sound signal generated in the physical model calculation unit 100. Therefore, this sound signal is output to the output unit 180.

Cosmetic sound generation unit 200, an input signal _{2 (V H (nΔt))} , to obtain the input signal 4 _(e s _(nΔt)) and the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)). In this example, Ac (nΔt) output from the main body model calculation unit 105 is also acquired. The makeup sound generation unit 200 calculates F _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) using these pieces of information and adds it to f _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3). For k = 2 and 3, f _Bk (nΔt) = 0 and only k = 1 may be added. Further, instead of simply adding, synthesis may be performed by subtraction, weighted addition, integration, division, or the like.

Incidentally, the decorative sound generation unit 200 based on the input signal 2 _(V H _(nΔt)) and the input signal _{4 (e s (nΔt))} , F Bk (nΔt) (k = 1 , which corresponds to the shelf plate sound, 2, 3) is the same as the makeup sound generator 200 disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5664185. On the other hand, in this example, F _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) is based on Ac (nΔt) output from the main body model calculation unit 105 and the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)). Also included is information corresponding to the effect of attenuation produced by contact of the acoustic instrument with the performer's key. Hereinafter, the makeup sound generation unit 200 will be described in detail.

  FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration of a makeup sound generation unit according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The makeup sound generation unit 200 includes a generation control unit 210, a waveform data reading unit 220, a DCA (Digital Controlled Amplifier) 230, a DCF (Digital Controlled Filter) 240, an attenuation calculation unit 250, and a waveform data storage unit 252.

Generation control unit 210 acquires an input signal 2 _(V H _(nΔt)) and the input signal _{4 (e s (nΔt))} , based on these signals, controls the waveform data reading section 220, DCA230 and DCF240 . The makeup sound generation unit 200 acquires information (Fv, KC, KS, KV, PC, PS) acquired from the key behavior measurement unit 75 and the pedal behavior measurement unit 95 instead of these signals. Also good.

  The waveform data reading unit 220 reads out and outputs the waveform data selected by the control of the generation control unit 210 among the waveform data stored in the waveform data storage unit 252. The waveform data stored in the waveform data storage unit 252 includes waveform data corresponding to shelf sound (hereinafter, shelf sound waveform data).

The shelf sound waveform data is data indicating a vibration waveform of a shelf sound generated when a key is pressed on a grand piano. The shelf sound waveform data is generated as follows, for example. The string is not vibrated when the key is pressed, and the shelf sound generated when the specific key is pressed at a specific speed is detected as the displacement at the string support end for all the keys. A force F _Bk (nΔt) (k = 1, 2, 3) applied to the string support end on the discrete time axis is calculated from the detected displacement. This information corresponds to the shelf sound waveform data when the specific key is pressed at a specific speed. Note that the key pressing position changes as the shift pedal is depressed. Therefore, the shelf sound waveform data corresponding to each key is stored as a combination with the depression amount (depression amount) of the shift pedal.

Waveform data reading section 220, under the control of the generator control unit 210, the input signal 2 _(V H _(nΔt)) and the input signal _{4 (e s (nΔt))} DCA230 reads shelves sound waveform data Sb based on Output.

The DCA 230 amplifies the shelf sound waveform data at an amplification factor according to the input signal 2 (V _H (nΔt)) under the control of the generation control unit 210. In this example, the gain is controlled to increase as the hammer speed indicated by the input signal 2 (V _H (nΔt)) increases.

The DCF 240 attenuates the high-frequency component of the shelf sound waveform data at a cutoff frequency corresponding to the input signal 2 (V _H (nΔt)) under the control of the generation control unit 210. In this example, the higher the hammer speed indicated by the input signal 2 (V _H (nΔt)), the higher the cut-off frequency is controlled.

  The attenuation calculation unit 250 acquires the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)) and Ac (nΔt) output from the main body model calculation unit 105. The attenuation calculation unit 250 obtains d / dt (Ac (nΔt)) from Ac (nΔt) and multiplies the coefficient according to the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)), thereby supporting the string on the discrete time axis. Waveform data corresponding to the force applied to the end is calculated. The waveform data is calculated such that the greater the pressure applied to each key 70, the greater the force applied to the string support end. By giving this waveform data as a reaction force to the string support end, the attenuation effect corresponding to the coefficient corresponding to the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)) is applied to Ac (nΔt) output from the main body model calculation unit 105. Will be included.

The shelf sound waveform data processed by the DCF 240 and the waveform data obtained by the calculation by the attenuation calculation unit 250 are combined and output from the makeup sound generation unit 200 as F _Bk (nΔt). It is output in this way. F _Bk (nΔt) is added to f _Bk (nΔt) output from the string model calculation unit 104, so that the force exerted on the string support end is not only the force due to the vibration of the string but also the vibration of the shelf sound. And the force for attenuating the sound. As a result, the coefficient corresponding to the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)), that is, the attenuation effect corresponding to the pressure applied to the key 70 is the Ac (nΔt) output from the main body model calculation unit 105, and further the air It is also included in P (nΔt) output from the model calculation unit 106. The sound signal output from the output unit 180 also includes an attenuation effect corresponding to the pressure applied to the key 70.

<Modification>
Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention can be implemented in various modes as follows.

(1) In the above embodiment, the description has been given of the case where the present invention is applied to an electronic keyboard instrument, but the present invention is also applicable to an electronic musical instrument other than an electronic keyboard instrument. That is, an electronic musical instrument using performance operators other than the key 70 may be used. For example, the performance operator may be a key of a wind synthesizer (wind instrument type controller). And the pressure measurement part 73 should just measure the pressure applied to such a performance operator.

(2) In 2nd Embodiment, the case where the structure which produces | generates the impact sound to a main-body part was applied to an example of the physical model calculating method disclosed by the patent 5664185 gazette. A plurality of other examples of the physical model calculation method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 5664185 have been disclosed, but any of the examples can be applied by a method using a makeup sound generation unit. In addition, if the same idea (the idea of reproducing the sound attenuation due to the pressure applied to the key) is used, the sound attenuation due to the pressure applied to the key can be applied to other known physical model calculations. It is possible to apply a configuration for reproducing.

(3) In the above-mentioned embodiment, the structure which does not use the pressure measurement part 73 may be sufficient. That is, the present invention is not limited to reproducing sound attenuation according to the pressure applied to the key 70 according to the measurement result in the pressure measuring unit 73. For example, in accordance with the measurement result in the key behavior measuring unit 75, the pronunciation including the influence of attenuation due to the contact of the player of the acoustic instrument with the key may be reproduced.

(3-1) In the first embodiment, the conversion unit 88 supplies adjustment data corresponding to the pressure value in each key 70 to the adjustment unit 131 based on information (KC, KP) input from the pressure measurement unit 73. It was output. On the other hand, when the pressure measurement unit 73 is not used, for example, adjustment data corresponding to the number of pressed keys 70 may be output to the adjustment unit 131 based on information input from the key behavior measurement unit 75. Good. In this case, adjustment data may be generated so that the amount of adjustment of the envelope waveform is determined by the number of key presses regardless of the pressure at the time of key press.

(3-2) Similarly, when applied to the second embodiment, the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)) input to the makeup sound generation unit 200 (attenuation calculation unit 250) is input from the key behavior measurement unit 75. On the basis of the information, the signal corresponding to the number of key presses (the number of pressed keys 70) may be used instead of the signal corresponding to the pressure applied to each key 70.

(4) In the second embodiment, the sound generation including the influence of the attenuation due to the contact of the player with the key of the acoustic instrument gives the force calculated based on Ac (nΔt) as a reaction force to the string support end. However, it may be reproduced using other calculations. For example, the air model calculation unit may perform an operation such that the sound signal is attenuated in accordance with information such as the input signal 5 (Fv (nΔt)) such as the pressure applied to each key 70 or the number of key presses. .

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electronic keyboard instrument, 10 ... Control part, 21 ... Operation part, 23 ... Display part, 30 ... Memory | storage part, 50 ... Case, 60 ... Speaker, 73 ... Pressure measuring part, 75 ... Key behavior measuring part, 80 ... Sound generator section, 88 ... conversion section, 90 ... pedal device, 91 ... damper pedal, 93 ... shift pedal, 95 ... pedal behavior measurement section, 100 ... physical model calculation section, 101 ... comparison section, 102 ... damper model calculation section, 103 ... Hammer model calculation unit, 104 ... string model calculation unit, 105 ... body model calculation unit, 106 ... air model calculation unit, 111 ... sound signal generation unit, 113 ... waveform reading unit, 115 ... EV waveform generation unit, 117 ... multiplier DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 119 ... Waveform composition part, 131 ... Adjustment part, 151 ... Waveform data storage part, 180 ... Output part, 200 ... Makeup sound generation part, 210 ... Generation control part, 220 ... Waveform data reading part, 230 ... DCA 240 ... DCF, 250 ... attenuation calculation unit, 252 ... waveform data storage unit

Claims (8)

Multiple performance controls,
A first measuring unit that measures the behavior of the performance operator by operating the performance operator and outputs first measurement data corresponding to the behavior;
A sound source unit that generates a sound signal corresponding to the operation based on the first measurement data, and adjusts the attenuation rate of the sound signal according to an operation to any of the performance operators after the operation;
An electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising:   The second performance operation having a pitch lower than that of the first performance operator is lower than the attenuation rate of the sound signal generated in response to the operation on the first performance operator. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising an adjustment that increases a decay rate of a sound signal generated in response to an operation on a child.   The adjustment of the attenuation rate by the sound source unit is performed on a sound signal generated in response to an operation on a performance operator having a pitch lower than a predetermined pitch. Item 3. The electronic musical instrument according to Item 2.   The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sound source unit adjusts the attenuation rate based on the first measurement data. A second measuring unit that measures a pressure applied to the performance operator by operating the performance operator and outputs second measurement data corresponding to the pressure;
5. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sound source unit adjusts the attenuation rate based on the second measurement data.   6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the sound source unit reads waveform data selected based on the first measurement data and generates the sound signal. 7. The performance operator is a key,
The sound source unit calculates a vibration of at least a string of the acoustic piano and a vibration of the main body connected to the string based on the first measurement data using a physical model, and the attenuation rate based on a calculation result Produces a tuned sound signal,
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the physical model includes a calculation of adjusting the attenuation rate using vibration of the main body. A second measuring unit that measures a pressure applied to the performance operator by operating the performance operator and outputs second measurement data corresponding to the pressure;
The electronic musical instrument according to claim 7, wherein the calculation of the physical model includes a calculation for adjusting the attenuation rate based on the second measurement data.

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