JP2017187391A - Slope change detector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a slope change detector that mechanically detects the displacement magnitude near the ground surface without converting it into a voltage signal or the like, and also issues an alarm.SOLUTION: A displacement measuring apparatus includes: a tube-shaped guide tube 8 having a bottomed hole; a displacement detection unit 4 disposed at an upper end of the guide tube 8; an anchor pin 9 attached to the tip of the guide tube 8; and an invar wire 10 that extends in the longitudinal direction in the bottomed hole of the guide tube 8 and is connected between the displacement detection unit 4 and the anchor pin 9. The guide tube 8 is disposed so as to arrive at the position deep from the ground surface by a predetermined dimension. The anchor pin 9 is fixed from the hole bottom of the guide tube toward underground.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a device for detecting a deformation of the ground surface on a slope surface of a slope, particularly a slope deformation detecting device adopting a technique of mechanically detecting a displacement near the ground surface and electrically evaluating the result. It is about.

  In mountainous areas, when roads, railways, etc. pass through landslides, the surrounding slopes may collapse and cause disasters. In civil engineering works such as roads and railways, slopes are artificially excavated, which may cause deformations in the excavation slope. For this reason, natural slopes and artificial slopes may be monitored and dynamics observed at points where such collapses and deformations may occur. There are two methods for observing the dynamics of slopes and slopes: observing ground surface displacement and ground behavior. Many devices that send out alarms based on these observation results have been developed and used.

  As for the ground surface displacement, a ground surface displacement meter is generally used in many cases. Further, Patent Document 1 proposes a method using a pile-type measuring instrument, Patent Document 2 proposes an intrusion-type pipe strain gauge, and Patent Document 3 proposes a slope collapse monitoring device.

Japanese Patent No. 4299355 Japanese Patent No. 4492348 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-13505

  However, the conventional slope displacement alarm device has the following problems. For example, in a conventional general slope displacement alarm device, the ground surface extensometer measures the displacement between two points on the slope, and one of them must be installed at a fixed point. In addition, it is difficult to measure a wide area in a plane. In the inventions of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, it is possible to measure slope displacement at a single point. However, since the sensor and the arithmetic circuit are incorporated in the measuring device, they are relatively expensive. The invention of Patent Document 3 is a system in which an inclinometer is used as a detector, and after the detected amount of inclination is converted into an electrical signal, an alarm signal is issued by an A / D converter and an arithmetic unit. Although the point can be measured, the apparatus becomes complicated and expensive.

The present invention solves such a conventional problem, and its purpose is to detect the displacement near the ground surface mechanically without converting it into a voltage signal or the like, and to evaluate the displacement by an electric circuit. And providing a slope deformation detection device that issues an alarm.
The second object of the present invention is to make it easy to install a measuring apparatus, and to allow displacement to be evaluated with an electric circuit having a simple configuration. Further, the alarm device can be a commercially available product, and the cost of the entire slope deformation detection device can be reduced.

  In order to achieve the above object, the first invention of the present application is a tube-shaped guide tube having a bottomed hole, a displacement detection unit disposed at an upper end portion of the guide tube, and attached to a distal end portion of the guide tube. An anchor pin and a conductive wire extending in the longitudinal direction in the bottomed hole of the guide tube and connected between the displacement detection unit and the anchor pin, and the guide tube has a predetermined dimension from the ground surface. The anchor pin is installed so as to reach a deep position only, and the anchor pin is fixed to the ground from the hole bottom of the guide tube. With this configuration, it is possible to reliably fix the displacement measuring device to the ground surface and obtain a stable measurement result.

  In such a displacement measuring apparatus, the guide tube can be installed so as to reach a position about 50 cm to 1 m deeper than the ground surface. This makes it possible to accurately grasp and measure phenomena such as landslides.

  As a second invention of the present application, a tube-shaped guide tube having a bottomed hole, a fixed plate member attached to an upper end portion of the guide tube, a displacement detection unit disposed on the fixed plate member, An alarm unit that is arranged on the fixed plate member and issues an alarm by a detection signal from a displacement detection unit; a power supply unit that is arranged on the fixed plate member and supplies electric power to the displacement detection unit and the alarm unit; and An anchor pin attached to the tip of the guide tube, and a conductive wire extending in the longitudinal direction in the bottomed hole of the guide tube and connected between the displacement detection unit, the alarm unit, the power supply unit, and the anchor pin The guide tube is installed so as to reach a position deeper than the ground surface by a predetermined dimension, and the anchor pin is fixed to the ground from the hole bottom of the guide tube. The gist.

  In such a slope deformation detection device, the displacement detection unit includes a metal foil member attached to an end of the conductive wire opposite to the anchor pin connection end, and a cutter blade that exerts a cutting action on the metal foil. And a switch member connected to the alarm unit and configured to turn on / off the alarm unit according to the separation, contact, and cutting action of the cutter blade with respect to the metal foil.

  The alarm unit includes a monitor lamp connected to the power supply unit, a caution lamp connected to the power supply unit in parallel with the monitor lamp, and an alarm lamp connected to the power supply unit in series with respect to the monitor lamp. The switch member is connected to the power supply unit in series with the monitor lamp, and is connected to the power supply unit in parallel with the alarm lamp to turn on / off the monitor lamp and the alarm lamp. The first switch and a second switch that is connected to the power supply unit in series with the caution lamp and that turns the caution lamp on / off can be configured.

  The first switch is constituted by the metal foil, the metal foil is turned on in a non-cut state, and turned off in the cut state, and the second switch is constituted by the cutter blade, and the cutter blade for the metal foil It is also possible to turn on in the contact action and off in the spacing and cutting action of the cutter blade with respect to the metal foil. Further, the alarm unit may further include an audio alarm member in addition to the alarm lamp.

  According to the slope deformation detection device of the present invention, since the configuration is simple, it can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, the circuit configuration of the slope deformation detection device is simple and easy to handle. As a result, it is easy to monitor the tilt displacement at a number of points, and it can be performed at low cost, and the safety of construction can be ensured.

It is a front view which shows the structure of the slope deformation detection apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the slope change detection device of a 1st embodiment. It is a circuit diagram showing the electric constitution of the slope deformation detection apparatus in 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which models and shows the relationship between the aluminum foil at the time of the initial state in which the slope deformation | transformation detection apparatus is installed in the ground and the ground has not deformed. In 1st Embodiment, deformation | transformation arises in the ground in which the slope deformation detection apparatus was installed, and it is a figure which models and shows the state which the aluminum foil contacted the cutter blade. In 1st Embodiment, the deformation | transformation of the ground in which the slope deformation | transformation detection apparatus was installed advances, and it is a figure which models and shows the state which the cutter blade digged into the aluminum foil and cut | disconnected.

Embodiment 1
Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a configuration of a slope deformation detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes the entire apparatus, and 2 denotes a displacement measuring unit. A fixed plate 3 is attached to the upper end portion of the displacement measuring unit 2, a displacement detection unit 4 on the fixed plate 3, an alarm unit 5 that issues an alarm by a detection signal from the displacement detection unit, a displacement detection unit 4, A power supply unit 6 that supplies power to the alarm unit 5 is provided. The displacement measuring unit 2 includes a tube-shaped guide tube 8 having a bottomed hole 7 having a bottom end portion (a lower end portion, that is, an end portion opposite to the upper end portion), and a distal end portion of the guide tube 8. And an invar wire 10 that extends in the longitudinal direction in the bottomed hole 7 of the guide tube 8 and is connected between the displacement detection unit 4 and the anchor pin 9. For the invar wire 10, a metal material made of iron and nickel having a low linear expansion coefficient and a low thermal expansion coefficient near room temperature is used. In addition, the code | symbol S in FIG. 1 shows the slip surface when a landslide occurs.

  FIG. 2 is a plan view of the slope deformation detection device of the above embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, a displacement detection unit 4, an alarm unit 5, and a power supply unit 6 are arranged on the upper surface of the fixed plate 3. In order to install the displacement measuring unit 2 having the above-described configuration in the ground, a steel rod or the like is inserted from the ground to have a predetermined hole diameter (for example, about 20 mm (millimeter)) and a depth of 50 cm (centimeter). A hole of ˜1 m (meter) is formed. A tube made of, for example, vinyl chloride (for example, VP13 (outer diameter 18 mm, inner diameter 13 mm)) is inserted into the hole. This vinyl chloride tube corresponds to the tube-shaped guide tube 8. After inserting the anchor pin 9 with the invar wire 10 attached to the guide tube 8 with a band or the like, the anchor pin 9 is hit with a stick and fixed to the hole bottom of the guide tube 8. The anchor pin 9 may be a round nail of N100 (Japanese Industrial Standard). The fixing plate 3 is fixed to the ground surface 12 by fixing pins 11 provided at the four corners of the fixing plate 3. The fixed plate 3 is made of, for example, a Matsuya plate. The fixing pin 11 is a nail member having a length of about 20 cm.

  As a specific example of the displacement detection unit 4 installed on the ground surface 12, there is the following configuration. That is, in FIG. 2, a rectangular metal foil having a length (left and right direction in FIG. 2) of about 5 cm and an arbitrary width (for example, 3 to 4 cm) is prepared. In this embodiment, the aluminum foil 13 is used as the metal foil as a material having good workability such as molding and processing. The aluminum foil 13 is attached to a nail or the like on the fixed plate 3 by a clip (eyeball clip or the like) in which a rubber band 14 or the like is attached to three rectangular sides. A displacement detector 4 is configured by attaching a clip (eyeball clip or the like) to the end of the invar wire 10 and connecting it to the remaining one side of the aluminum foil 13. The aluminum foil 13 forms a part of an electric circuit (specifically, a switch circuit) by being connected to the invar line 10. A cutter blade 15 is further attached on the fixed plate 3. While this cutter blade 15 is connected to the power supply unit 6 and constitutes an electric circuit, the cutter blade 15 is disposed on the fixing plate 3 with the blade portion facing the aluminum foil 13 at a position where the blade portion approaches the invar wire 10. Yes. When the ground surface is displaced, a tensile force is generated in the invar wire 10 so that the aluminum foil 13 is displaced toward the cutter blade 15 so that both the members 13 and 15 are in contact with each other. 13 is cut off.

  FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of electrical elements including the alarm unit 5 and the power supply unit 6. As shown in FIG. 3, a power source 16 such as a dry cell or a battery is used for the power source unit 5. The alarm unit 5 includes a monitor lamp (green) 17 connected to the power supply 16, a first switch 18 (shown as SW1 in the drawings in FIG. 3 and subsequent figures) for switching the monitor lamp 17 on and off, A caution lamp 19 connected to the power supply 16 in parallel with the monitor lamp 17; a second switch 20 for switching the caution lamp 19 on / off (denoted as SW2 in the drawings in FIG. 3 and subsequent figures); The alarm lamp 21 is connected to the power supply 16 in series with the monitor lamp 17 and connected to the power supply 16 in parallel with the first switch 18 and the buzzer 22 is an audio alarm member. . A rain protection cover (not shown) is provided on the top of the aluminum foil 13 or the like.

  With the above configuration, the operation of the slope deformation detection device 1 according to the present embodiment will be described. When a landslide occurs on the slip surface S in a state where the slope deformation detection device 1 is installed on the ground surface of the slope ground, the aluminum foil 13 opposes the elastic force of the rubber band 14 by the tensile force of the invar wire 10. And shifts downward in FIG. Since there is a cutter blade 15 at a position in the direction in which the aluminum foil 13 is displaced, the aluminum foil 13 comes into contact with the cutter blade 15, and if the displacement further increases, the aluminum foil 13 is cut by the cutter blade 15. 4 to 6 are diagrams showing changes in electrical connection in the contact and cutting operations between the aluminum foil 13 and the cutter blade 15. 4 shows a model of the relationship between the aluminum foil 13 and the cutter blade 15 in the initial state (or normal state) where the slope deformation detection device 1 is installed on the ground and the ground is not deformed. FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a model of a state in which a deformation has occurred on the ground on which the slope deformation detection device 1 is installed and the aluminum foil 13 has come into contact with the cutter blade 15. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a model of a state in which the deformation of the ground on which the inclined surface deformation detecting device 1 is installed progresses and the cutter blade 15 bites into the aluminum foil 13 and is cut. In the initial state, the slope deformation detection device 1 is held stably on the ground. At this time, the aluminum foil 13 is stationary on the fixed plate 3, and the aluminum foil 13 and the cutter blade 15 are separated from each other as shown in FIG. 4. Next, when the ground surface is displaced, the aluminum foil 13 connected to the invar wire 10 moves relative to the fixed plate 3, and the aluminum foil 13 contacts the cutter blade 15 as shown in FIG. 5. When the ground surface is further displaced after this contact, the cutter blade 15 bites into the aluminum foil 13 and the aluminum foil 13 is partially cut. When the ground surface is further displaced and the displacement exceeds the width of the aluminum foil 13, the aluminum foil 13 is cut by the cutter blade 15.

  The aluminum foil 13 and the cutter blade 15 constitute a switch mechanism corresponding to the first switch 18 or the second switch 20 as described below. That is, in FIG. 4, the aluminum foil 13 is connected to the cord by the alligator connector on the left and right sides of the aluminum foil, and connected to the power supply unit 6 and the alarm unit 5. First, the aluminum wiring 13 is simply connected to the power supply unit 6 to form a first switch 18 that is a closed circuit in which current flows in an initial state. As described above, the alarm lamp 21 and the buzzer 22 are connected to the first switch 18 in parallel. Second, the cutter blade 15 is connected to the cord by an alligator connector on the upper part of the aluminum foil 13 of the first switch 18, one end is connected to a portion between the power supply unit 6 and away from the aluminum foil 13. The second switch 20 is connected to the cord by an alligator connector and becomes an open circuit in which no current flows in the initial state. Accordingly, since the first switch 18 is closed in the initial state of FIG. 4, the first switch 18 is closed in FIG. 3 (position P1 indicated by a two-dot chain line), and the current is the alarm lamp 21 and the buzzer. It flows mainly through the first switch 18 which is a closed circuit rather than through the 22 side. Therefore, neither the alarm lamp 21 nor the buzzer 22 operates. However, a current flows through a circuit connecting the power supply unit 6 and the monitor lamp 17, and the monitor lamp (green) 17 is turned on. On the other hand, since the second switch is an open circuit, the second switch 20 in FIG. 3 is open (position Q1 indicated by a solid line), and no current flows. As described above, when the first switch 18 is on and the second switch 20 is off, the monitor lamp 17 is lit.

Next, when the ground surface is displaced, the aluminum foil 13 connected to the invar wire 10 moves relative to the fixed plate 3 as described above, and the aluminum foil 13 contacts the cutter blade 15 as shown in FIG. When the state at this time corresponds to FIG. 3, the first switch 18 is closed and the position P1 indicated by the two-dot chain line is maintained, so that neither the alarm lamp 21 nor the buzzer 22 operates. . On the other hand, since the second switch becomes a closed circuit when the aluminum foil 13 and the cutter blade 15 come into contact with each other, the second switch 20 in FIG. 3 is closed (position Q2 indicated by a two-dot chain line), and the power supply unit A current flows through a circuit connecting 6 and the caution lamp 19. As a result, when the first switch 18 is on and the second switch 20 is also on, the caution lamp (yellow) is lit.
When the ground surface is further displaced and the displacement exceeds the width of the aluminum foil 13, the aluminum foil 13 is cut by the cutter blade 15 as shown in FIG. When the state at this time is considered corresponding to FIG. 3, the first switch 18 is opened and takes the position P2 indicated by the solid line. As a result, no current flows through the circuit of the first switch 18 and current flows through the circuits of the alarm lamp 21 and the buzzer 22, so that the alarm lamp 21 and the alarm buzzer 22 operate. On the other hand, since the cutter blade 15 cuts the aluminum foil 13 so that the cutter blade 15 itself has no contact partner and the second switch becomes an open circuit, the second switch 20 is opened and shown by a solid line in FIG. Take position Q1. And the electric current of the circuit which connects the power supply part 6 and the attention lamp 19 is interrupted | blocked. Accordingly, when the first switch 18 is off and the second switch 20 is also off, the attention lamp (yellow) is turned off, the alarm lamp (red) is turned on, and the alarm buzzer is activated.

  In addition, a commercial item can be used for the various lamps and buzzers used in the slope deformation detection device 1. The determination of deformation is determined by the installation interval (when displacement occurs) between the aluminum foil 13 and the cutter blade 15 and the width of the aluminum foil 13 (when displacement progresses).

  According to the present invention, since the configuration is simple, it can be manufactured at a low cost, and the circuit configuration of the slope deformation detector is simple, easy to handle, and useful.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Slope deformation detection apparatus 2 Displacement measurement part 3 Fixing plate 4 Displacement detection part 5 Alarm part 6 Power supply part 7 Bottomed hole 8 Guide pipe 9 Anchor pin 10 Inver wire 11 Fixing pin 12 Ground surface 13 Aluminum foil 14 Rubber band 15 Cutter Blade 16 Power supply 17 Monitor lamp (green)
18 First switch (SW1)
19 Caution lamp 20 Second switch (SW2)
21 Warning lamp 22 Buzzer

Claims (7)

A tube-shaped guide tube having a bottomed hole;
A displacement detector disposed at the upper end of the guide tube;
An anchor pin attached to the tip of the guide tube;
It extends in the longitudinal direction in the bottomed hole of the guide tube, and consists of an invar line connected between the displacement detection part and the anchor pin,
The guide tube is installed so as to reach a position deeper than the ground surface by a predetermined dimension,
The anchor pin is fixed from the hole bottom of the guide tube toward the ground.
A displacement measuring device installed in the ground from an inclined ground.   The displacement measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the guide tube is installed so as to reach a position deeper than the ground surface by about 50 cm to 1 m. A tube-shaped guide tube having a bottomed hole;
A fixed plate member attached to the upper end of the guide tube;
A displacement detector disposed on the fixed plate member;
An alarm unit that is disposed on the fixed plate member and issues an alarm by a detection signal from the displacement detection unit;
A power supply unit that is disposed on the fixed plate member and supplies power to the displacement detection unit and the alarm unit, and an anchor pin attached to the tip of the guide tube,
The guide tube is installed so as to reach a position deeper than the ground surface by a predetermined dimension,
The anchor pin is fixed from the hole bottom of the guide tube toward the ground.
A slope deformation detecting device characterized by that. The displacement detection unit is a metal foil member attached to the end of the conductive wire opposite to the anchor pin connection end,
A cutter blade that exerts a cutting action on the metal foil;
A switch member connected to the alarm unit, for turning on / off the alarm unit according to the separation, contact, and cutting action of the cutter blade with respect to the metal foil,
The slope deformation detection device according to claim 3, comprising: The alarm unit is
A monitor lamp connected to the power supply,
A caution lamp connected to the power supply in parallel to the monitor lamp;
It consists of an alarm lamp connected to the power supply in series with the monitor lamp,
The switch member is
A first switch connected to the power supply unit in series with the monitor lamp and connected to the power supply unit in parallel with the alarm lamp to turn on and off the monitor lamp and the alarm lamp;
A second switch that is connected to the power source in series with the caution lamp and that turns the caution lamp on / off;
The slope deformation detection device according to claim 4. The first switch is constituted by the metal foil, and the metal foil is turned on in a non-cut state and turned off in a cut state.
The second switch is constituted by the cutter blade, and is turned on in the contact action of the cutter blade with respect to the metal foil, and turned off in the separation and cutting action of the cutter blade with respect to the metal foil.
The slope deformation detecting device according to claim 5.   The slope change detection device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the alarm unit further includes a sound alarm member in addition to the alarm lamp.

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