JP2017169349A - Power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem of a configuration and a control method being complicated as the whole system because a power storage device or heat storage device for storing electric energy without conversion or after converting it to other energy is required in the conventional power supply systems.SOLUTION: A power supply system comprises: a power generator based on natural energy; a power conditioner connected to the power generator to perform DC-AC conversion; a power distribution board connected to the power conditioner to perform switching with respect to a system power supply and a plurality of loads; and a controller for collecting information from the power conditioner and the power distribution board to control activation of the plurality of loads. The controller, on the basis of attribute information on each of the plurality of loads, activates at least one of the plurality of loads so that total power consumption of the plurality of loads to a power generation amount of the power generator is equal to or larger than a predetermined value.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system that supplies power generated using sunlight or the like.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a power supply system including a power generation device that can supply power generated using sunlight or the like to a load and a system power supply. In such a power supply system, if the power generated using the power from the system power supply or sunlight is supplied to the load in a well-balanced manner, and there is a surplus in the power generated using the solar power, It is possible to supply power to the system power supply.

  However, in power generation using natural energy such as sunlight, the generated power is unstable, and supplying such unstable power to the power system makes the voltage or current of the system power supply unstable. There is a fear. In such a case, in order to suppress the supply of power to the system power supply, there is a technology for controlling the output of the power generation device in response to a control command notified from the outside or a sensing result in the power generation device. is there. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).

JP 2003-134668 A

  In the invention as described in Patent Document 1, in the time zone in which the power generated by sunlight is suppressed from being supplied to the power system, the generated power is output to other power storage devices and heat storage devices, Since such energy is used in another time zone, it is possible to prevent the discharge suppression of the power generation device.

  However, such a conventional technique requires a power storage device and a heat storage device that store electric energy as it is or by converting it into other energy, so that the configuration and control method of the entire system are complicated.

  The present invention has been made in view of the situation as described above, and provides a power supply system capable of improving the discharge efficiency when suppressing the discharge of the power generation device without requiring a power storage device or a heat storage device. That is.

  A power supply system according to the present invention includes a power generator using natural energy, a power conditioner connected to the power generator and performing DC-AC conversion, and connected to the power conditioner, and switching related to a system power supply and a plurality of loads. A power distribution system, and a controller that collects information from the power conditioner and the distribution panel and controls activation of the plurality of loads. Activating at least one of the plurality of loads based on the attribute information of each of the loads so that the total power consumption of the plurality of loads is equal to or greater than a predetermined value with respect to the power generation amount of the power generation device. is there.

  The present invention can improve the discharge efficiency when suppressing the discharge of the power generation device with a simple configuration without using a power storage device and a heat storage device that have been conventionally required.

It is the block diagram which showed the structure of the electric power supply system which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of PV suppression instruction | command. It is the figure which showed the example of the change of the electric energy with respect to each time of the day. It is an example of the detailed specification concerning the power consumption of the load in this Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed the operation | movement control state of each individual load with respect to the target value of the increase of load usage for every time. It is an example of the detailed specification concerning the power consumption of the load in this Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is the table | surface which showed the usage example of the load in this Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is the block diagram which showed the structure of the electric power supply system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is the flowchart which showed the control method of the storage battery and the individual load in the electric power supply system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic and ratios of dimensions and the like are different from actual ones. Therefore, specific dimensions and the like should be determined in consideration of the following description. Moreover, it is a matter of course that portions having different dimensional relationships and ratios are included between the drawings.

  1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This will be described below with reference to the drawings. The power supply system 1 is provided in a house or the like, and AC power from the system power supply 30 and DC power generated by the solar power generation unit 100 using sunlight are converted into AC power by the power conditioner unit 10. This is converted and supplied to the load 40. The power supply to each individual load of the load 40 is performed using the distribution board 20.

  The solar power generation unit 100 is a device that generates power using sunlight, and includes a solar cell panel or the like. For example, the solar power generation unit 100 is installed in a place where it is difficult to block sunlight such as on the roof of a house. In addition, as a power generator for homes, a solar cell panel is often used, but a device using another power generation method such as a wind power generator or a geothermal power generator may be used. Further, as a DC power supply device different from the system power supply, a storage battery used in an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle can be considered.

  The power conditioner unit 10 has a function of converting the DC power generated in the solar power generation unit 100 into AC power and matching the voltage, frequency, and phase of the system power supply 30. The power conditioner unit 10 is connected to the solar power generation unit 100, and includes a DC / DC converter 11, a DC / AC inverter 12, an AC switch 13, and a control unit 14 as main components.

  The control unit 14 drives the DC / DC converter 11 and the DC / AC inverter 12 in an optimal state according to the generated power of the solar power generation unit 100. The abnormality of the power conditioner unit 10 is always monitored, and when an abnormality such as an overvoltage or overcurrent is detected, control is performed so as to perform an appropriate protection operation.

  The distribution board 20 measures a current value from the system power supply 30 or a current value flowing through each load 41 to 43 of the load 40 (which may be described as individual loads 41 to 43 hereinafter). A sensor group 22, a changeover switch 23 capable of switching the power supply from the system 30 to the power supply system 1, and a plurality of switches capable of switching the power supply to the individual loads 41 to 43. A switch group 24 and a distribution board control unit 21 are provided. The distribution board 20 is connected to the power conditioner unit 10 and the system power supply 30. The distribution board 20 automatically disconnects the change-over switch 23 or the change-over switch group 24 based on parameters such as current amount, power amount, and time separately set for safety or power contract, or switches manually. The load can be energized by turning on the switch 23 or the changeover switch group 24 again.

  The distribution board control unit 21 reads the current amount of the main power line in the distribution board and the power line branched to each load from the current sensor group 22 and reads the system voltage value. By using the read voltage and / or current value, information such as the power supplied from the system and the power supplied to each load is collected, and the power information is accumulated at regular time intervals to be described later, such as a controller 50 and a power conditioner. The information is transmitted to the unit 10. Further, a signal for automatically disconnecting the changeover switch 23 or the changeover switch group 24 is generated based on the collected current amount and electric power amount.

  The system power supply 30 indicates an AC power supply having a frequency of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which is stepped down to a voltage of 200 V by an outdoor pole transformer, and is drawn indoors and consumed by electrical appliances or the like as a power supply for 200 V or 100 V.

  The load 40 represents an electric appliance or the like used inside or outside the house, and is a collection of the individual loads 41 to 43, the individual load A41, the individual load B42, and the individual load C43. The individual loads 41 to 43 include, for example, lighting used indoors and outdoors, cooking utensils that use power such as IH cookers, water heaters that use power such as air conditioners and natural refrigerant heat pump water heaters, and other There are household appliances (TV etc.). Each of the individual loads 41 to 43 is connected to the distribution board 20, and supplies power to the individual loads 41 to 43 corresponding to the changeover switch 23 by switching the changeover switch 23 of the distribution board 20.

  In FIG. 1, three loads of the individual loads 41 to 43 are illustrated as the load 40, but it is obvious that the number of individual loads is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.

  The controller 50 is connected to the power conditioner unit 10, the distribution panel control unit 21 in the distribution panel 20, and the load 40, manages power information in the power supply system 1, and controls each connected device. It controls operation. In addition, the controller 50 is connected to the cloud server 60 installed outside the house through the Internet line 70, and performs transmission / reception of reverse power flow suppression information and the like of the photovoltaic power with the cloud server 60.

  In the present embodiment, the controller 50 is configured by a microcomputer or the like, and is equipped with a power conditioner control function, a communication control function, a load control function, a data management function, and the like.

  The data management function of the controller 50 is connected to the distribution board control unit 21 provided in the distribution board 20 via the communication control function, and is supplied from the distribution board 20 to the individual loads 41 to 43 ( Power consumption) can be detected.

  The load control function of the controller 50 controls the ON / OFF operation of the individual loads 41 to 43 through the communication control function, and sets and controls the mode and function provided for each individual load when it is ON.

  In addition, the power conditioner control function of the controller 50 is connected to the control unit 14 in the power conditioner unit 10 via the communication control function, and acquires information on the power generation amount of the power conditioner unit 10 and the control unit 14. By controlling the DC / DC converter 11 and the DC / AC inverter 12 via, the power generation amount of the power conditioner unit 10 can be suppressed.

  The communication control function of the controller 50 communicates with the cloud server 60 via the Internet line 70 and acquires control information of the power conditioner unit 10.

  For example, the cloud server 60 is assumed to be a server for transmitting output suppression information from a power supply company, and the power conditioner unit 10 of the power supply system 1 according to the present embodiment follows the output suppression information. Perform the operation.

  Hereinafter, an operation of the power supply system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described.

  The DC power generated in the solar power generation unit 100 is boosted or stepped down to a voltage suitable for AC conversion in the DC / DC converter 11 in the power conditioner unit 10 and then converted into AC power in the DC / AC inverter 12. And supplied to the distribution board 20. On the other hand, AC power from the system power supply 30 is also supplied to the distribution board 20.

  The control unit 14 controls the DC / DC converter 11 and the DC / AC inverter 12 while monitoring the direct current voltage and direct current that are the outputs of the photovoltaic power generation unit 100 and the alternating voltage and alternating current of the system power supply 30. When the power conditioner unit 10 or the system power supply 30 is abnormal, the DC / DC converter 11 and the DC / AC inverter 12 are stopped, and the contact of the AC switch 13 is opened, thereby the power conditioner unit. 10 and the system power supply 30 are disconnected.

  Electric power from the power conditioner unit 10 and the system power supply 30 is interconnected by the distribution board 20 and supplied to the load 40. The resident can turn on the lighting corresponding to the individual loads 41 to 43 or use a cooking utensil or an air conditioner by the electric power connected from the power conditioner unit 10 and the system power supply 30. In this case, when the power consumed by the load 40 cannot be met by only the power from the power conditioner unit 10, that is, the photovoltaic power generation unit 100, the power is also supplied from the system power source 30, and the combined power of both. The load 40 can be operated. On the contrary, when the power consumed by the load 40 can be adequately provided by only the power from the photovoltaic power generation unit 100, it is possible not to use the power from the system power supply 30 for the operation of the load 40. The solar power (surplus power) that cannot be consumed by the power supply can be made to flow backward to the grid power source 30 and sold to an electric power company. The power sale fee is calculated based on a power sale meter installed between the distribution board 20 and the system power supply 30.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of a PV (abbreviation of Photovoltaics; hereinafter, only described as PV) suppression command notified from the cloud server 60 to the controller 50 on a specific date. The PV suppression command is control information for suppressing the operation of causing the photovoltaic power generation facility to reversely flow the generated power to the system power supply 30 by notification from the cloud server 60. According to the figure, the PV suppression command is performed in units of a minimum of 30 minutes, and the output upper limit of the power conditioner unit 10 is set. Here, the output upper limit is determined from the power conditioner unit 10 for the smaller value (hereinafter referred to as the PCS full output value) of the total rated output value of the photovoltaic power generation unit 100 and the rated output value of the power conditioner unit 10. The upper limit value of the output power that can flow backward to the system power 30 is shown.

  According to the figure, this day's PV suppression command allows a reverse power flow from 9 o'clock to 11 o'clock and from 13 o'clock to 15 o'clock, an output upper limit value of 40%, that is, 40% of the PCS full output value, From 11 o'clock to 13 o'clock, the output upper limit value of 0%, that is, reverse power flow is impossible.

  The controller 50 refers to the time information of the controller 50 itself with respect to the PV suppression command notified from the cloud server 60, and the PCS full output value, which is unique information of the power conditioner unit 10, and the current time of the PV suppression command Is obtained from the output upper limit value corresponding to, and notified to the control unit 14 of the power conditioner unit 10.

  The control unit 14 includes the DC / DC converter 11 and the DC / AC inverter so that the AC power is discharged up to the sum of the amount of power that can be reversely flowed notified from the controller 50 and the amount of load power used. 12 is controlled. At this time, when the output power of the solar power generation unit 100 is larger than the output power of the power conditioner unit 10, the DC / DC converter 11 performs control so as to decrease the output power of the solar power generation unit 100.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a change in electric energy for each time of a certain day. (A) of FIG. 3 shows the PV power generation amount (broken line) from the photovoltaic power generation unit and the load connected to the distribution board 20 when there is no PV suppression command or when the output upper limit value is 100% throughout the day. It is an example of load usage (solid line). According to the figure, from about 8 o'clock when the PV power generation amount exceeds the load usage amount to about 15:30, the power conditioner unit 10 supplies power corresponding to (PV power generation amount−load usage amount) to the system power supply 30. Reverse power flow to sell electricity.

  For example, when the total rated output of the photovoltaic power generation unit 100 is 8 kW and the rated output of the power conditioner unit 10 is 6 kW, the PCS full output value is 6 kW. (B) is the figure which showed the upper limit (dotted line) of the electric energy which can carry out a reverse power flow to a system power supply, when the PV suppression instruction | command shown in the table | surface of FIG. 2 is given. As shown by the dotted line in the figure, the upper limit of the amount of power that can flow backward to the system power supply 30 is 2.4 kW, 6 kW, 2.4 kW from 19:00 to 11:00 and from 13:00 to 15:00, from 11:00 to 13:00 Up to 0 kW (impossible reverse flow), and other time zones are 6 kW.

  (C) is the figure which showed the electric power which can be output of a power conditioner part when the PV suppression instruction | command shown in FIG. 2 is given (a dashed-dotted line). Here, the amount of electric power that can be output by the power conditioner unit 10 is represented by (load use amount + reverse flow upper limit amount). Further, since the output of the power conditioner unit 10 is clipped at a rated output of 6 kW, the power that can be output from the power conditioner unit 10 when the PV suppression command shown in FIG. 2 is given is shown in FIG. As shown by the alternate long and short dash line.

  In the power supply system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the controller 50 acquires information on the PV power generation amount from the control unit 14 of the power conditioner unit 10, and further, the distribution board control unit of the distribution board 20. The information related to the load consumption is acquired from 21 and accumulated in the controller 50. Further, the PV suppression command notified from the cloud server 60 is accumulated in the controller 50. The controller 50 compares the PV power generation amount with the outputable power from the acquired information, and calculates the outputtable power of the power conditioner unit 10.

  Here, the upper limit amount of reverse flow in FIG. 3B is calculated by (PV power generation amount−load usage amount) in the power conditioner unit 10. In the time zone in which the calculated reverse power flow upper limit amount is 0 or negative, the power conditioner unit 10 does not perform reverse power flow, so the actual reverse power flow is zero.

  On the other hand, an operation in a time zone (11:00 to 13:00) in which the amount of PV power generation is larger than the power that can be output from the power conditioner unit 10 will be described. In the time zone from 11:00 to 13:00 in FIG. 3C, the amount of PV power generation is larger than the power that can be output from the power conditioner unit 10 by the amount of the area surrounded by the oblique lines. During this period, the power conditioner unit 10 cannot reversely flow into the grid 30, so the controller 50 increases the load so that the load usage is larger than the PV power generation amount and the reverse flow rate is zero. Set. That is, the controller 50 turns on the operating status of the individual loads 41 to 43 in the load 40, for example, powers the devices that are not operating, or controls the strength of the devices that are operating to use the load. Is controlled to increase to the PV power generation amount.

  Here, an example of the control of the controller 50 in the time zone from 11:00 to 13:00 will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 4 is an example of detailed specifications relating to the power consumption of the load according to the first embodiment of the present invention. As a breakdown, the individual load 41 requires power consumption of 10 minutes at 1000 W to change the room temperature by 1 ° C. after the power consumption is started, and maintains the room temperature at the set temperature after the room temperature reaches the set temperature. The IH type rice cooker and the individual load 43, which require 150 W during the 45-minute rice cooking, and the individual load 42 are different from each other. Assume that five air purifiers with power consumption of 400 W installed in one room (room A to room E) and that the off timer is normally set to turn off in one hour after startup. These three types of loads are connected to the distribution board 20 of the power supply system of the present invention.

  In addition to the individual loads 41 to 43, the distribution board 20 is not limited to individual loads 41 to 43, such as refrigerators and security systems that are always used with power on in normal conditions, AV equipment, etc. The equipment to be used is connected. These power consumptions correspond to the load usage shown by the solid line in FIG. These are not subject to load control by the controller 50.

  Here, the increase (target value) of the load usage is set in the time zone from 11:00 to 13:00 indicated by the hatched portion in FIG. The PV power generation amount and load usage amount are predicted values. For example, the PV power generation amount and load usage amount estimated from the same day, temperature, weather, etc. within the past month, and the PV power generation amount up to the current time today It is estimated from the correlation with the load usage. As a result, the load usage (shaded portion in the figure) to be increased with respect to the current PV suppression command is approximately 2 kW from 11:00 to 11:30, and from 2 kW to 1.30 from 11:30 to 13:00. It is assumed that the power is reduced by about 100 W every 15 minutes up to 4 kW.

  The controller 50 appropriately selects the load to be used from the attribute information of the increase in load usage (target value) and the power consumption value of the individual loads 41 to 43, and determines the strength of the start, stop, or start state. Set. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the operation control state of each individual load with respect to the target value of the increase in load usage for each time. This will be described below with reference to the drawings.

  The hatched portion of the upper graph in the figure is the increase (target value) of the load usage during the time period from 11:00 to 13:00 indicated by the hatched portion in FIG. The graph in the lower part of the figure represents the activation state of each individual load and the power consumption caused thereby. As a premise, it is assumed that the individual loads 41 to 43 are all stopped before 11 o'clock and the power consumption of the individual loads is all 0 W. The controller 50 selects and activates the individual load so as to exceed the target value. First, the controller 50 confirms the attribute information of the individual load so that a load of 2 kW or more is consumed from 11:00, and selects the individual load 42 with the largest power consumption.

  Since the power consumption during cooking of the individual load 42 is 1200 W, the controller 50 confirms the status of the remaining individual loads in order to activate a load of 800 W. Either the individual load 41 having a consumption load of 1000 W or the activation of two individual loads 43 (room A and room B) is selected. Here, the activation of two individual loads 43 is selected. And In this way, selection is performed so that two of the individual loads 42 and 43 are operated from 11:00 to 11:45.

  Next, the cooking of the individual load 42 ends at 11:45, and the power consumption is reduced because the process shifts to heat retention. To compensate for this, the controller 50 selects an additional individual load to be activated from 11:45. At 11:45, the increase in load usage (target value) is 1800W, and since the capacity of the individual load in use is 950W, the load consumption at startup is 1000W to consume more than 850W. A certain individual load 41 is selected and started from the same time. The total amount of power consumed by the individual loads is 1950W.

  Here, assuming that the room temperature when starting the air conditioner as the individual load 41 is 31 degrees and the set temperature is 28 degrees, the air conditioner changes the room temperature to the set temperature 30 minutes after the attribute information shown in FIG. After that, it can be confirmed that the power consumption is 250 W in order to maintain the set temperature.

  Next, since two of the individual loads 43 (room A and room B) are completed at 12:00, another two of the individual loads 43 (room C and room D) are subsequently activated. The total power consumption by the individual loads continues to be 1950W.

  Next, since the air conditioner which is the individual load 41 changed the room temperature to the set temperature at 12:15, a temperature maintaining state with power consumption of 250 W is entered. At this time, the increase (target value) of the load usage amount is 1700 W, and the capacity of the individual load in use is 1200 W. Therefore, the controller 50 is one unit of the individual load 43 that is not completed ( Activate room E).

  At this time, the total power consumption by the individual load is 1600 W, which is less than the increase in load usage (target value), but since there is no individual load to be activated any more, the operation is continued as it is. When such load capacity is less than the increase in load usage (target value), the increase in load usage (target value) becomes 1600 W from 12:15 in order to prevent reverse power flow to the system power. Until 12:30, an instruction is sent from the controller 50 to the control unit 14 of the power conditioner unit 10 so as not to perform reverse power flow. In accordance with this instruction, the control unit 14 monitors the value of the current sensor group 22 provided in the distribution board 20 and controls the DC / DC converter 11 so as to suppress the power generation amount of PV so as not to send the current to the system side. To work.

  Next, two of the individual loads 43 (room C and room D) end at 13:00. Although the time during which the reverse power flow cannot be performed due to the PV suppression ends, the room temperature of the individual load 41 is maintained, the temperature of the individual load 42 is kept, and the operation of the remaining one of the individual loads 43 (room E) continues. At 13:15, one of the individual loads 43 (room E) ends.

  By controlling as described above, the total amount of power consumed by the individual loads 41 to 43 is as indicated by the thick line in the upper diagram of FIG. As can be seen from this figure, it is possible to use the load almost exceeding the target value of the load usage amount in any time zone.

  Here, the controller 50 needs to acquire attribute information such as power consumption and operating time of the load 40 in advance. As a method, the controller and the individual load have their own communication protocol, a method of transmitting and receiving attribute information, a method of acquiring a rated power consumption value property in advance as an ECHONET Lite device object, a method of storing previous power consumption, A plurality of methods such as prior input by the user can be considered, and any one of them or a combination thereof may be used. However, when the ECHONET Lite protocol is used, each load device or distribution board corresponds to the ECHONET Lite, and the controller 50 is the same as the HEMS controller. Not limited.

  As described above, the controller 50 controls the load 40, so that it can be used without suppressing the PV power generation amount generated by the solar power generation unit 100 even in the PV suppression time zone. By using the load, it is possible to keep the room comfortable and prepare meals. In addition, it is possible to save extra power when using these loads at other times.

  In the present embodiment, the controller 50 reads the PV power generation amount and the load usage amount from the control unit 14 and the distribution board control unit 21, and uses the data accumulated for a certain period to issue a PV suppression command. In this case, an increase (target value) in the load usage amount is predicted, and the individual loads 41 to 43 are controlled. Here, the control unit 14 constantly measures the output power when the generated power supplied from the solar power generation unit 100 to the power conditioner unit 10 is converted into AC power by the power conditioner unit 10, and is constant. A PV power generation amount is sent to the controller 50 at time intervals, for example, every 100 milliseconds, via a dedicated line or a system bus line. The distribution board control unit 21 constantly measures the power flowing through each wiring in the distribution board 20, and uses a dedicated line or system as a load usage amount to the controller 50 at regular time intervals, for example, every 100 milliseconds. Send out via the bus line.

  The controller 50 receives the data from the control unit 14 and the distribution board control unit 21 as input and checks whether the required increase in load usage (target value) has deviated significantly from the predicted value. If it is, correct it. Specifically, if the predicted value for the same amount of increase in load usage (target value) exceeds 120% of the actual measured value, the predicted value after that time is increased by 10%, and the predicted value is the actual measured value. When the value falls below 80%, the predicted value after that time is reduced by 10%.

  Further, the controller 50 described in the present embodiment selects and operates the individual loads 41 to 43, and as a result, the electric product is operated where the user does not intend. Therefore, the controller 50 may have a function of notifying the user when the individual loads 41 to 43 are operated. Specifically, the controller 50 accesses the mail server via the Internet line 70 and transmits a notification mail to the user's portable terminal or displays it together with an alarm on the energy display terminal in the home. Notify

  The user may have a function of canceling or changing the load selection of the present system using the portable terminal or the energy display terminal when receiving the notification. Specifically, as an application running on the terminal, selectable switches and options such as approving, canceling, or changing the load selection are provided to prompt the user to input. When the controller 50 receives the input content, the controller 50 selects and executes the optimal control within a range that satisfies the conditions.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the controller 50 controls the activation of appropriate individual loads in a plurality of loads in a time zone where PV suppression is necessary based on the power consumption information of the plurality of loads. Thus, energy can be used efficiently without suppressing power from sunlight.

  Moreover, although the air conditioner, the IH type rice cooker, and the air cleaner were mentioned here as the individual loads 41 to 43, any number of individual loads other than this may be used, and the same effect is exhibited. In addition to the above-mentioned devices, the individual load types do not require manual operation during use and are not assumed to be used in an always-on state. For example, the following types of electric loads Equipment may be used. Ventilation fan, humidifier, dehumidifier, heater, water heater, electric gate, electric shutter, electric blind, microwave oven, cooking heater, washing machine, clothes dryer, duvet dryer, bathroom dryer, robot cleaner, etc. It may be a device.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment, the controller 50 performs the individual load control based on the magnitude of the power consumption. However, in the power supply system according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the controller 50 uses the power consumption from the individual load. The difference is that not only the size but also the recommended condition (attribute information) for operating an individual load is added. Here, as the attribute information, the recommended use time for each individual load, the occupancy prediction of each room to be used, the environmental sensing information for each room, the specific information such as the room size and the window size, and the current individual This includes information such as the operating status of the load.

  The configuration and main operation of the power supply system according to the second embodiment of the present invention are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the controller 50 has a PV suppression time zone. The operation for selecting the load 40 in FIG. Hereinafter, the selection operation of the load 40 of the controller 50 will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of the load according to the second embodiment. As the breakdown, the individual load 41 includes an air-conditioning apparatus having a power consumption of 1000 W (adjusting to the set temperature) or 200 W (during maintaining the set temperature), an individual load. 42 is a washing / drying machine with power consumption of 200 W (when washing for 30 minutes) or 800 W (when drying for 120 minutes after washing), and an IH cooker with power consumption of 1000 W is included in the individual load 43. Is connected to the power supply system. In addition, the individual load 41 has completed adjustment of room temperature by 13:00, the individual load 42 has been completed by 15:00, and the individual load 43 has an attribute recommended for use around 12:00 noon and 17:00 in the evening. Is added.

  Here, from this day's photovoltaic power generation, PV suppression command, and load usage state, the increase (target value) of the load usage required in the time zone is constant 0.2 kW from 9:00 to 10:00 1.2 kW constant from 12:00 to 13:00, 1 kW from 13:00 to 13:30, and 0.5 kW from 16:00 to 16:30, and other time zones are due to PV suppression It is assumed that there is no need to increase the load.

  At this time, the controller 50 determines the load to be used from the target value for the increase in load usage, the power consumption value of the individual loads 41 to 43, and the attribute information of the preferred time zone for using these loads. Select appropriately and turn on the switch. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the individual load 42 from 9 o'clock to 10 o'clock, the individual load 42 and the individual load 43 from 12 o'clock to 12:30, and from 12:30 to 13:30 The individual load 41 and the individual load 42 and the individual load 43 are input from 16:00 to 16:30.

  When the controller 50 selects an individual load, there may be a case where some conditions are met and an optimal selection cannot be made. In that case, for example, A to C are provided in order of priority, for example, in order of priority, for selection conditions (operating time, completion time, power consumption, setting strength, etc.) of each individual load. When the controller selects the high selection condition with priority, the load can be used according to the user's preference.

  By controlling as described above, it is possible to use a preferable load with a usage exceeding the target value of the load usage in any time zone in which the load is used. is there.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the said embodiment, although the electric power supply system which mounted only the photovoltaic power generation part 100 as a direct current | flow side input of the power conditioner part 10 was demonstrated, in the electric power supply system which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention, a power conditioner The difference is that the photovoltaic power generation unit 100 and the storage battery 200 are mounted as the DC side input of the unit 10.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a power supply system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the figure, portions denoted by the same reference numerals as those described in the above embodiment have the same functions as those in the above embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted here. In the power supply system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention, a storage battery 200 for storing electric power is newly provided and connected to the power conditioner unit 10. The DC switch 15 is provided in the power conditioner unit 10 and connects and disconnects the storage battery 200 and the DC / DC converter 16. The DC / DC converter 16 is installed in order to make the output voltage of the storage battery 200 equal to the output of the DC / DC converter 11, and steps up and down the output DC voltage of the storage battery 200. The storage battery 200 is connected to the controller 50 via a communication line, and transmits information such as the remaining battery level and the internal temperature in accordance with a request from the controller 50.

  The storage battery 200 serves as a buffer that stabilizes the output of the photovoltaic power generation unit 100. That is, when the generated power from the solar power generation unit 100 is small, the power from the storage battery 200 can be supplied to the load via the DC / AC inverter 12. Moreover, the electric power from the solar power generation unit 100, or the electric power from the system power source when the solar power generation unit 100 is not generating power can be stored in the storage battery 200.

  Next, the operation of the controller 50 according to this embodiment will be described. The controller 50 receives a PV suppression time zone command from the cloud server 60 via the Internet line 70. When the PV power generation amount exceeds the load usage amount when entering the PV suppression time zone, the controller 50 confirms the remaining power storage amount of the storage battery 200 and subtracts the load usage amount from the PV power generation amount according to the remaining power storage amount. The storage battery 200 is preferentially charged using surplus power. If surplus power is generated even if the storage battery 200 is charged with the maximum power, the individual loads 41 to 43 are selectively turned on to increase the load usage.

  Since the PV power generation amount in the present embodiment means the output power of the power conditioner unit 10, not only the generated power from the solar power generation unit 100 but also the generated power from the solar power generation unit 100 is stored in the storage battery. Note that the charging / discharging power of 200 (representing discharging as positive and charging as negative) is added to reduce the conversion loss in the power conditioner unit 10.

  In addition, when the load usage exceeds the PV power generation amount at the time of entering the PV suppression time zone, the controller 50 confirms the remaining amount of electricity stored in the storage battery 200 and whether to discharge from the storage battery 200 according to the remaining amount of electricity stored. To decide.

  When charge / discharge control of the storage battery 200 is performed, the controller 50 notifies the control unit 14 of a charge command or discharge command for the storage battery, and the control unit 14 performs pulse control of the switching element for boosting or stepping down the DC / DC converter 16. By doing so, charging / discharging to the storage battery 200 is realized.

  Hereinafter, the control method of the storage battery 200 and the individual loads 41 to 43 by the controller 50 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  First, in step S1, when the controller 50 enters a time zone in which the reverse power flow to the system power supply 30 is restricted by the PV suppression command, the operation status of the storage battery 200 is confirmed, and when the storage battery 200 is charged or discharged, The control unit 14 is instructed to stop this.

  Subsequently, the controller 50 proceeds to step S2, and information on the total load power (PL) at that time and the generated power (PP) from the power conditioner unit 10 is obtained from the distribution board control unit 21 and the control unit, respectively. 14 from.

  Next, in step S3, (PP + α + β) and PL are compared in magnitude. Here, α is a constant value added in advance as a margin in order to prevent a reverse power flow to an unintended system due to a sensor error or the like of this system, and normally takes a positive number of 5% or less of PP. As a result, even when PP is under-detected due to sensor error or when PL is over-detected, power is taken from the system, and reverse power flow to the system can be prevented. β is normally replenished with power (PL-PP) from the grid when PL is large relative to PP, but discharges power not only from the grid but also from the storage battery 200 when (PL-PP) becomes large. And a threshold constant used for the determination to save power purchase. For example, β is set to an arbitrary value of 0% to 5% of PL.

  If it is determined in step S3 that PL ≦ (PP + α + β), the process proceeds to step S4. In step S4, if the storage battery 200 is in a discharged state, the controller 14 is instructed to stop discharging, and then the process proceeds to step S5. In step S4, if the storage battery 200 has already been charged or stopped, in this step, nothing is performed and the process proceeds to step S5.

  Next, in step S5, the magnitudes of (PP + α) and PL are compared. If it is determined in step S5 that (PP + α)> PL, the process proceeds to step S6.

  In step S6, it is determined whether the storage battery 200 is charging, and the magnitudes of the charging power and the predetermined threshold value δ are compared. The threshold value δ is set to a positive value of 10% or less of the rated charging power, for example. If charging is being performed and the charging power is greater than or equal to the threshold δ, the process proceeds to step S7.

  In step S7, the charging power of the storage battery 200 is decreased by a certain value (a positive number sufficiently smaller than the rated charging power) and charging is continued. The reason is that the load power (PL) is larger than the output (PP) of the power conditioner unit 10, so that charging is gradually reduced to increase PP and operate so that PP approaches PL. In order to decrease the charging power amount of the storage battery 200, the controller 50 instructs the control unit 14 to increase the output power of the power conditioner unit 10 by the same value as the decrease value of the storage battery charging power amount. it can.

  If the storage battery 200 is charging in step S6 and the charging power is less than the threshold δ, the process proceeds to step S8, and the controller 50 instructs the control unit 14 to stop the state of the storage battery 200. To do. For example, the control unit 14 stops the charging operation of the storage battery 200 by stopping the supply of the pulse signal to the switching device of the DC / DC converter 16. If the state of the storage battery 200 is stopped, nothing is done.

  When the process in step S7 or step S8 is completed, the process proceeds to step S9. In step 9, in order to wait for the power to stabilize as the charging power amount or the individual load power amount is changed in the steps so far, a timer having power inside the controller 50 is used (for example, Count for 60 seconds. It progresses to step S10 after completion | finish of a count.

  In step S10, it is confirmed whether or not the current time is in the PV suppression time zone. If it is the same time zone, the process proceeds to step S2. If it is not the same time zone, the process proceeds to step S11, and this control flow ends.

  When it is determined in step S5 that (PP + α) ≦ PL, the process proceeds to step S12.

  In step 12, the state of the storage battery 200 is confirmed. If the state of the storage battery 200 is a charge state, it will progress to step S13. In step S13, in order for the controller 50 to increase the load power consumption for the individual loads 41 to 43 in the load 40 so as to approach PP + α, the optimal consumption among the individual loads 41 to 43 that are not yet used. One or more power loads are selected, and the operation is changed to an operation setting that increases startup or power consumption.

  If the state of the storage battery 200 is a stop state or a discharge state in step S12, the process proceeds to step 14 and control is performed so that charging of the storage battery 200 is started.

  When the process of step S13 or step S14 is completed, the process proceeds to step S9.

  If it is determined in step S3 that PL> (PP + α + β), in step S15, the controller 50 confirms whether or not the state of the storage battery 200 is discharged. If the storage battery 200 is already in a discharged state, in step S16, the individual loads 41 to 41 already used to decrease the load power consumption for the individual loads 41 to 43 in the load 40 so as to approach PP + α. One or a plurality of optimal power consumption loads are selected from among 43, and the operation setting is changed to stop or reduce power consumption.

  In step S15, when the state of the storage battery 200 is a stop state or a charged state, control is performed to start discharging the storage battery 200 in step S17.

  When the process of step S16 or step S17 is completed, the process proceeds to step S9.

  It should be noted that the process from step S2 to step S10 is repeated a plurality of times during the PV suppression time period, and the load power PL to be used is stable to some extent with respect to the PV power generation amount PP, that is, (PP + α) ≈ When PL continues for a certain period of time, it may be switched so as to reduce the amount of power to be increased or decreased in step S13 and step S16.

  When the difference between (PP + α) and PL is large, for example, by setting the amount of power to be increased or decreased to 5 percent of the difference between (PP + α) and PL instead of switching to decrease the amount of power to be increased or decreased. In the case where the difference between (PP + α) and PL is small, it is possible to operate so as to maintain a stable power load balance as it is.

  For example, when (PP + α) ≈PL continues for a certain time and the rated power of the power conditioner unit 10 is 6 kW, the amount of power to be increased or decreased is desirably 2 W or less, 120 W or less. In order to cope with this, it is desirable to prepare a plurality of loads of 150 W or less among the individual loads. If there is no load of about 150 W in the individual load, a load with a small amount of power consumption may be selected and turned on and opened. Also, recent electrical appliances have various operation modes and strength settings, and by changing those modes, the power consumption can be controlled in units of several watts, so it may be operated like that . For example, in the case of air-conditioning equipment, switching from cooling setting to blowing setting, changing the intensity and direction of blowing, and in the case of rice cookers, the warming power is turned on and off intermittently even in the warming state. By doing so, a small amount of power consumption change can be induced.

  For this purpose, the operation mode of each individual load and information on the power consumption at that time may be stored in advance, and the information may be transmitted in accordance with a request from the controller 50. The controller 50 selects and operates the optimum load operation setting from the difference in power consumption in each setting of the individual load and the current operation state.

  As described above, according to the power supply system according to the third embodiment of the present invention, the controller 50 controls the load 40 and the storage battery 200 in cooperation with each other, whereby the reverse power flow to the system power supply 30 by PV suppression is performed. In order to control charging / discharging of the load 40 and the storage battery 200 so that the amount of power used by the load becomes (the generated power of the power conditioner unit 10 + a certain threshold value) during the time period in which the load is limited, Can also be used without suppressing the amount of PV power generated by the solar power generation unit 100. In addition, since the discharge power from the storage battery is used when the load is large with respect to the PV power generation amount, there is no need to purchase power from the system, and the power conditioner section against sudden changes in the PV power generation amount 10 outputs PP can be stabilized, and as a result, it contributes to the stabilization of the system power supply 30.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Power supply system 10 Power conditioner part 100 Solar power generation part 11 DC / DC converter 12 DC / AC inverter 13 AC switch 14 Control part 15 DC switch 16 DC / DC converter 20 Power distribution board 200 Storage battery 21 Power distribution board Control unit 22 Current sensor group 23 Changeover switch 24 Changeover switch group 30 System power supply 40 Load 41 to 43 Individual load 50 Controller 60 Cloud server 70 Internet line

Claims (5)

A natural energy generator,
A power conditioner connected to the power generator and performing DC-AC conversion;
A distribution board connected to the power conditioner and performing switching related to a system power supply and a plurality of loads;
A controller that collects information from the power conditioner and the distribution board and controls activation of the plurality of loads;
A power supply system comprising:
Based on the attribute information of each of the plurality of loads, the controller has at least one of the plurality of loads such that the total power consumption of the plurality of loads is equal to or greater than a predetermined value with respect to the power generation amount of the power generation device. Power supply system, characterized in that one is activated.   The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the power generation device is a solar power generation device.   The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the attribute information is information related to individual power consumption.   The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the attribute information is information relating to a recommended use time zone. A storage battery,
A natural energy generator,
A power conditioner that is connected to the power generation device and the storage battery and performs DC-AC conversion;
A distribution board connected to the power conditioner and performing switching related to a system power supply and a plurality of loads;
A controller that collects information from the power conditioner and the distribution board, and controls activation of the plurality of loads and charge / discharge of the storage battery;
A power supply system comprising:
Based on the attribute information of each of the plurality of loads, the controller has at least one of the plurality of loads such that the total power consumption of the plurality of loads is equal to or greater than a predetermined value with respect to the power generation amount of the power generation device. Power supply system, characterized in that one is activated.

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