JP2017166813A - Open rack type vaporization device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively take earthquake measures for an open rack type vaporization device.SOLUTION: An open rack type vaporization device 1 comprises: a vaporization device body having a frame 11, a lower header pipe 21, an upper header pipe 31, a plurality of heat transfer pipes 41, and heat medium supply means 5; and a deformation restriction member 7 which is arranged on both sides across a heat transfer pipe respectively and configured to, when the heat transfer pipe is to deform as an earthquake load is inputted to the vaporization device body, comes into contact with the heat transfer pipe before damaging to restrict the heat transfer pipe from further deforming. The deformation restriction member is arranged at a predetermined interval t from surfaces of the heat transfer pipe.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

  The technology disclosed herein relates to an open rack type vaporizer.

  Patent Document 1 describes an open rack type vaporizer. The open rack type vaporizer includes a lower header pipe configured to allow low-temperature fluid to flow, an upper header pipe disposed in parallel to the lower header pipe and configured to flow heated fluid, and a lower header pipe And a plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged side by side in a direction along the upper header tube and extending in the vertical direction so as to communicate the lower header tube and the upper header tube with each other. The open rack type vaporizer is configured to heat the fluid by exchanging heat between the low-temperature fluid supplied from the lower header tube and the heat medium flowing down the surface of the heat transfer tube in the heat transfer tube.

  In such an open rack type vaporizer, for example, as described in Patent Document 2, a plate-shaped heat exchange panel that spreads vertically and horizontally may be formed by joining adjacent heat transfer tubes by spot welding. is there.

  Patent Document 1 also includes a plurality of heat exchange panels arranged in parallel as one set, and one end of the lower header pipe of each heat exchange panel is connected to each other by a manifold that distributes the cryogenic fluid to each lower header pipe, The structure which connects the other end (closed end) of a lower header pipe | tube with a tie bar is described. Each of the manifold and the tie bar is fixed to the frame, thereby supporting the plurality of heat exchange panels integrally with the frame. Patent Document 1 also describes handling the vibration of the heat exchange panel during an earthquake by holding the tie bar so that it can move up and down.

Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-43748 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 61-63579

  Earthquake countermeasures in open rack type vaporizers have been conventionally performed, and are designed so that no harmful damage occurs when an open rack type vaporizer is subjected to an earthquake load. However, in recent years, it has been required to effectively improve the seismic performance of the open rack type vaporizer so that operation can be resumed more quickly even when a huge earthquake or the like occurs. Specifically, in the case of a large earthquake, it is required to reduce the residual displacement allowed for the open rack type vaporizer. In the examination process of improving seismic performance, the inventors of the present application conducted a dynamic analysis, and as a result, a new earthquake countermeasure method for effectively improving the seismic performance of the open rack type vaporizer was found.

  The technology disclosed herein has been made in view of such a point, and the object is to effectively take an earthquake countermeasure for an open rack type vaporizer.

  Based on the dynamic analysis performed by the inventors of the present application, it was found that the heat transfer tube extending in the vertical direction can be greatly deformed in the horizontal direction by inputting the load at the time of the earthquake to the open rack type vaporizer. Therefore, in order to prevent the heat transfer tube from being deformed when a load at the time of an earthquake is input, for example, it is considered that a deformation regulating member that prevents deformation of the heat transfer tube is disposed on the surface of the heat transfer tube. It is done. However, in the open rack type vaporizer, since the heat medium flows down the surface of the heat transfer tube, if a deformation regulating member is applied to the surface of the heat transfer tube, the flow of the heat medium is hindered, and the open rack type vaporizer is used. Will degrade the performance.

  Therefore, the inventors of the present application have devised and tried a deformation regulating member having a shape that can avoid extreme scattering of the heat medium while bringing the deformation regulating member into contact with the heat transfer tube (that is, the interval is set to zero). As a result, mist droplets of the heat medium increased, or the heat medium leaked out of the frame through the member, so that corrosion of the surrounding iron members was promoted. Even in such a state, it is possible to operate the open rack type vaporizer, but when the shells and the like are deposited on the deformation regulating member by continuous operation, the fall of the water film flow of the heat medium is partially inhibited. When the scattering of the heat medium is increased or further deteriorated, the concern that the vaporization performance of the vaporizer is lowered could not be eliminated. Therefore, the inventors of the present application have found that it is necessary to provide a certain distance between the heat transfer tube and the deformation restricting member, and have completed the technique disclosed herein. That is, the technique disclosed here takes into consideration the circumstances peculiar to such an open rack type vaporizer.

  Specifically, an open rack type vaporizer disclosed herein includes a frame, a lower header pipe supported by the frame and extending in a first direction that is a horizontal direction, and an upper portion of the lower header pipe. The upper header pipe disposed in parallel with the lower header pipe at the position, the lower header pipe and the upper header pipe are juxtaposed in the first direction and extend in the vertical direction, respectively. A plurality of heat transfer tubes configured to communicate with the tube and the upper header tube, and the heat transfer tube so that a heat medium flows down from the upper end of the heat transfer tube along the surface of the heat transfer tube A heat medium supply means configured to supply a heat medium to the heat transfer pipe, and heat exchange between the fluid and the heat medium flowing down the surface in the heat transfer tube to heat the fluid. The apparatus main body and the heat transfer tube extending in the vertical direction are sandwiched between the apparatus main body and the both sides of the second direction orthogonal to the first direction so as to be supported by the frame, and an earthquake load is input to the vaporizer main body. A deformation regulating member configured to regulate further deformation of the heat transfer tube by contacting the heat transfer tube before the heat transfer tube is deformed when the heat transfer tube is deformed. Prepare.

  And the said deformation control member is arrange | positioned at predetermined intervals in the said 2nd direction from the surface of the said heat exchanger tube.

  According to this configuration, the deformation restricting members disposed on both sides in the second direction across the heat transfer tube are disposed at a predetermined interval in the second direction from the surface of the heat transfer tube. Thereby, the heat medium can flow down the surface of the heat transfer tube. Heat exchange is performed in the heat transfer tube to raise the temperature of the fluid. Thus, the performance of the open rack type vaporizer is ensured.

  During an earthquake, when a load is applied to the vaporizer body and the heat transfer tube deforms, the heat transfer tube is deformed by a predetermined interval between the heat transfer tube and the deformation regulating member, and the heat transfer tube is damaged before Contact the deformation regulating member. The deformation restricting member prevents the heat transfer tube from being further deformed. As a result, the residual displacement of the heat transfer tube falls within an allowable range, and the open rack type vaporizer can be continuously used after the earthquake.

  Here, the upper limit value of the “predetermined interval” between the surface of the heat transfer tube and the deformation restricting member can be set according to the following concept as an example. That is, the heat transfer tube in the open rack type vaporizer is a pressure vessel, and the pressure vessel needs to ensure hermeticity even when an earthquake load is input. Specifically, if the primary stress satisfies the allowable value and the secondary stress satisfies the allowable value, the pressure vessel sufficiently satisfies the airtightness and does not cause harmful residual deformation. Here, "primary stress" and "secondary stress" are technical terms related to the design of the pressure vessel, respectively. Primary stress is load-controlled stress, and secondary stress is displacement-controlled and strain-controlled stress. .

  Assuming that the interval between the surface of the heat transfer tube and the deformation restricting member is set to a certain interval, the primary stress and the secondary stress of the heat transfer tube when a forced displacement equal to the interval is loaded on the heat transfer tube are allowed. Determine whether the value is satisfied. When the primary stress and secondary stress of the heat transfer tube do not satisfy the allowable value, the interval is too wide. As such, the maximum distance at which the primary stress and the secondary stress of the heat transfer tube can each satisfy the allowable value can be approximately determined as the maximum value of the distance between the surface of the heat transfer tube and the deformation regulating member. The inventors have newly found out.

  Here, the allowable value of the primary stress is, for example, the self-weight of the heat transfer tube (including the contents in the heat transfer tube), the internal pressure, the earthquake, according to the “seismic design guideline for high pressure gas equipment” and “seismic design guideline for manufacturing equipment” It can be set to 1.5 S or less with respect to the combination of the inertial force at the time and the pipe reaction force to which the heat transfer pipe is connected. Here, S is S = MIN (0.6Su, 0.9Sy), Su is the tensile strength, and Sy is the yield point or 0.2% yield strength.

  In addition, the allowable value of the secondary stress is, for example, 2Sy with respect to the repetition range of the combination of the inertial force at the time of earthquake, the piping reaction force, and the forced displacement of the frame of the open rack type vaporizer. It can be determined that:

  In the event of an earthquake, the heat transfer tube exceeds the allowable stress and deforms excessively by arranging the deformation control member so that it is less than the maximum value of the distance between the heat transfer tube surface and the deformation control member set in this way. This prevents the heat transfer tube from being damaged.

  The upper limit value of the “predetermined interval” between the surface of the heat transfer tube and the deformation regulating member can be determined using various other methods.

  That is, if the predetermined interval is set to an interval at which the heat transfer tube after the earthquake cannot secure airtightness and does not cause residual deformation that causes the heat medium to flow down. Good. Here, the fact that the airtightness cannot be secured specifically means that a crack or the like occurs in the heat transfer tube. In addition, the heat medium flow-inhibition specifically refers to the fact that the heat medium around the heat transfer tube decreases, and that the heat medium is “water film cut”, “scattered” and / or “peeled”. is there.

  By doing so, the open rack type vaporizer can be continuously operated even after an earthquake.

  A narrower interval between the heat transfer tube and the deformation regulating member is advantageous in preventing deformation of the heat transfer tube. However, it is not preferable to narrow the interval between the heat transfer tube and the deformation restricting member so as to affect the flow of the heat medium on the surface of the heat transfer tube. It is preferable that the space | interval of the said heat exchanger tube and the said deformation | transformation control member is set more than the thickness of the said heat medium which flows through the surface of the said heat exchanger tube.

  By doing so, during the normal operation of the open rack type vaporizer, the heat medium smoothly flows down the surface of the heat transfer tube, and the operating performance of the open rack type vaporizer is prevented from deteriorating.

  Here, in the open rack type vaporizer, for example, seawater is used as the heat medium, but when foreign matters such as dust and shells in the heat medium get caught between the heat transfer tube and the deformation regulating member. The heat medium will not flow down at the location. For this reason, it is preferable to set the interval between the heat transfer tube and the deformation restricting member with a certain margin in order to reliably prevent the foreign matter from being caught.

  In addition, even if ice adheres to the surface of the heat transfer tube during the operation of the open rack type vaporizer, the thickness of the heat medium flowing on the surface of the heat transfer tube is reduced so as not to hinder the flow of the heat medium. On the other hand, you may set the space | interval of a heat exchanger tube and a deformation | transformation control member so that it may become more than the thickness which added the thickness of the ice adhering to the surface of a heat exchanger tube.

  The plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged in parallel in the first direction constitute a heat exchange panel that extends in the first direction by being joined together, and the deformation regulating member is at least the first in the heat exchange panel. It is good also as arrange | positioning in the both ends vicinity of a direction, respectively.

  According to the dynamic analysis performed by the inventors of the present application, in the heat exchange panel configured by joining a plurality of heat transfer tubes to each other, when the load at the time of earthquake is input to the vaporizer body, the heat exchange panel is It turned out to be deformed to rotate around the vertical axis. That is, in the heat exchange panel, the amount of deformation near both ends in the first direction can be relatively large. Therefore, if the deformation regulating member is disposed at least in the vicinity of both end portions in the first direction of the heat exchange panel, both end portions in the first direction of the heat exchange panel when the heat exchange panel is deformed to rotate. However, it comes into contact with the deformation restricting member quickly, and it is effectively prevented that the heat exchange panel is further deformed.

  Here, since the deformation restricting member may adversely affect the flow of the heat medium on the surface of the heat transfer tube, reducing the number of locations where the deformation restricting member is disposed as much as possible ensures stable operation of the open rack type vaporizer. This is advantageous. For example, if the deformation restricting members are disposed only in the vicinity of both ends in the first direction of the heat exchange panel, and the deformation restricting members are not disposed in other places, the stability of the open rack type vaporizer can be improved. It is possible to effectively prevent deformation of the heat exchange panel during an earthquake while enabling operation.

  The lower header pipe may be fixed to the frame at both ends in the first direction, and the upper header pipe may be supported by being suspended from the frame at an intermediate portion in the first direction. . The “intermediate portion in the first direction” is a portion excluding both end portions in the first direction of the upper header pipe.

  According to this configuration, since the lower header pipe is fixed to the frame at each of both end portions in the first direction, the lower header pipe is hardly deformed at this portion, and the deformation of the central portion is increased. In addition, since the support part of an open rack type vaporizer releases the restraint suitably in order to suppress generation | occurrence | production of a thermal stress, six freedom regarding a three-dimensional translation direction and rotational deformation in the direction here is shown here. A state in which even one degree is constrained is referred to as “fixed”.

  On the other hand, the upper header pipe is suspended and supported by the frame, for example, at two locations in the vicinity of the middle part in the first direction, and is substantially rigid following the deformation of the column of the frame in the second direction. Is displaced. The amount of deformation of the heat transfer tube is a combination of the amount of deformation of itself and the amount of deformation of the upper header tube and the lower header tube, but the analysis results show that the size generally increases at the end of the heat exchange panel, Newly found. Therefore, particularly in the heat exchange panel, it is possible to effectively prevent deformation of the heat exchange panel by disposing the deformation regulating members at least in the vicinity of both end portions in the first direction.

  A plurality of the lower header pipes are arranged in parallel in the second direction, and a plurality of the lower header pipes are connected to each other at both ends in the first direction, The location where the lower header pipe is connected may be fixed to the frame.

  According to the dynamic analysis conducted by the inventors of the present application, it has been found that in the configuration in which a plurality of lower header tubes are connected to each other, the amount of deformation in the rotational direction of the heat exchange panel described above increases. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent deformation of the heat exchange panel by disposing the deformation restricting members at least in the vicinity of both end portions in the first direction of the heat exchange panel.

  The open rack type vaporizer is disposed near the center in the vertical direction of the heat transfer tube on both sides in the second direction across the heat transfer tube, and is supported by the frame, and in the first direction. A maintenance scaffold configured to extend may be provided, and the deformation restricting member may be attached to the scaffold.

  According to the dynamic analysis performed by the inventors of the present application, the heat transfer tube extending in the vertical direction is deformed so as to bend in the second direction at the time of load input at the time of the earthquake, and deformed the most in the vicinity of the center in the vertical direction Can do. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent deformation of the heat transfer tube by attaching the deformation regulating member to the scaffold disposed near the center in the vertical direction of the heat transfer tube.

  Moreover, since a deformation | transformation control member can be attached to the existing scaffold with which the open rack type vaporizer is equipped, it becomes possible to implement easily the earthquake countermeasure of the existing open rack type vaporizer.

  As described above, according to the open rack type vaporizer, the deformation restricting members are provided at predetermined intervals in the second direction from the surface of the heat transfer tube on both sides in the second direction across the heat transfer tube. By arranging it, it is possible to suppress the deformation of the heat transfer tube when the load during the earthquake is input to the vaporizer body without affecting the flow of the heat medium on the surface of the heat transfer tube. The rack type vaporizer can effectively take earthquake countermeasures.

FIG. 1 is a partially sectional front view showing the configuration of an open rack type vaporizer. FIG. 2 is a perspective view conceptually showing the configuration of the heat exchange panel. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a displacement state when the heat exchange panel is viewed from the side. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a displacement state when the heat exchange panel is viewed from above.

  Hereinafter, the open rack type vaporizer (Open Rack Vaporizer: hereinafter referred to as ORV) disclosed herein will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, the following description is an illustration. In the following, for convenience of explanation, the left-right direction on the paper surface in FIG. 1 is the X direction, the vertical direction on the paper surface is the Z direction, and the direction orthogonal to the paper surface is the Y direction.

(Overall configuration of ORV)
FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the ORV 1. This ORV1 is a device that heats and vaporizes liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is a fluid, with seawater as a heat medium. The ORV 1 includes a frame 11, a lower header pipe 21 through which LNG flows in the example of the ORV 1, an upper header pipe 31 through which vaporized natural gas (NG) flows in the example of the ORV 1, and the lower header pipe 21 and the upper header pipe 31. A heat exchange panel 4 composed of a plurality of heat transfer tubes 41 configured to communicate with each other, and a heat medium supply means 5 configured to supply a heat medium to the outer surface of the heat exchange panel 4. I have.

  The lower header pipe 21 is disposed so as to extend in the X direction, which is the horizontal direction. One end of the lower header pipe 21 (the right end in the drawing in FIG. 1) is connected to the inlet manifold 22 as shown in FIG. Although not shown in detail in the drawing, the inlet manifold 22 extends in the Y direction. The inlet manifold 22 distributes LNG supplied through the nozzles 23 to the plurality of lower header tubes 21. The other end of the lower header pipe 21 (the left end in the drawing in FIG. 1) is closed.

  The upper header pipe 31 is disposed in parallel with the lower header pipe 21 at a position above the lower header pipe 21. Therefore, the upper header pipe 31 is also arranged so as to extend in the X direction. One end of the upper header pipe 31 (the right end in the drawing in FIG. 1) is connected to the outlet manifold 32 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the outlet manifold 32 extends in the Y direction. The outlet manifold 32 sends out NG collected from the plurality of upper header pipes 31 through a nozzle 33. The other end (the left end in FIG. 1) of the upper header pipe 31 is closed.

  The heat exchange panel 4 includes a plurality of heat transfer tubes 41 that extend in the Z direction and communicate the lower header tube 21 and the upper header tube 31 with each other. Although only a part of the plurality of heat transfer tubes 41 is illustrated in FIG. 1, the plurality of heat transfer tubes 41 are juxtaposed in the X direction along the lower header tube 21 and the upper header tube 31.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the heat transfer tube 41 includes a circular tubular main body 42 and a plurality of fins 43 that radiate outward from the outer peripheral surface of the main body 42 in the radial direction. ing. Each fin 43 extends in the Z direction. In addition, the shape of the fin 43 is not limited to spreading radially. Further, the main body of the heat transfer tube 41 is not limited to a circular tube.

  The heat exchange panel 4 is configured by joining the locations where the fins 43 of the adjacent heat transfer tubes 41 abut each other by spot welding. The heat exchange panel 4 has a plate shape extending in each of the X direction and the Z direction.

  As conceptually shown in FIG. 2, the heat exchange panels 4 are arranged in parallel in the Y direction at a predetermined interval. In this ORV1, as an example, four heat exchange panels 4 are configured as one set. That is, one end of each of the four lower header tubes 21 corresponding to the four heat exchange panels 4 is connected to the same inlet manifold 22, and one end of each of the four upper header tubes 31 is Connected to the same outlet manifold 32. One ends of the four lower header pipes 21 are connected to each other by an inlet manifold 22, and one ends of the four upper header pipes 31 are connected to each other by an outlet manifold 32.

  The other ends of the four lower header tubes 21 are connected to each other by a lower tie bar 24 extending in the Y direction. Similarly, the other ends of the four upper header tubes 31 are connected to each other by an upper tie bar 34 extending in the Y direction.

  The central portion of the inlet manifold 22 in the Y direction is fixed to the frame 11 via a support member 25 (see FIGS. 1 and 6). The lower tie bar 24 is fixed to the frame 11 via a support member 26 at the center in the Y direction. In this way, the lower header pipe 21 is firmly fixed to the frame 11 relatively (that is, compared to the upper header pipe 31). When the distance L1 between the support member 25 and the end of the heat exchange panel 4 is compared with the distance L2 between the support member 26 and the end of the heat exchange panel 4, the distance L1 is longer.

  On the other hand, each upper header pipe 31 is supported by being suspended from the frame 11. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the upper header pipe 31 is attached to the frame by engaging two suspension members 35 and 35 fixed to the frame 11 at two locations on the center side of the upper header pipe 31. 11 is supported.

  The heat medium supply means 5 has a trough 51. Although not shown in FIG. 2, the trough 51 is disposed in the vicinity of the upper end portion of the heat exchange panel 4 in the vicinity of the heat exchange panel 4 on both sides in the Y direction across the heat exchange panel 4. Yes. The trough 51 is disposed extending in the X direction, and both ends thereof are supported by the frame 11. Although not shown in the figure, the trough 51 is open upward and is supplied with seawater through a seawater supply pipe 52 connected to the bottom. The seawater overflowing from the upper end edge of the trough 51 flows down along the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 close to the trough 51.

  In the ORV 1 configured as described above, LNG flows into each heat transfer tube 41 through the inlet manifold 22 and the lower header tube 21. While the LNG flows through the heat transfer tube 41, the LNG vaporizes by performing heat exchange with seawater flowing down the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 41. NG is sent from the upper end of the heat transfer pipe 41 to the outside of the ORV 1 through the upper header pipe 31 and the outlet manifold 32.

(ORV seismic structure)
The ORV 1 has an earthquake resistant structure for preventing damage to the heat exchange panel 4 when an earthquake load is input. Hereinafter, the seismic structure of ORV1 will be described in detail.

  As shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, the ORV 1 is not limited to the ORV 1 to which the earthquake-resistant structure is added, and generally has scaffolds 6 for maintenance on both sides in the Y direction across the heat exchange panel 4. Is provided. The scaffold 6 is arranged near the center in the vertical direction of the heat exchange panel 4, specifically, in the ORV 1 in the example of FIG. 1, the scaffold 6 is arranged at a position below the center in the vertical direction of the heat exchange panel 4. It is installed. The scaffold 6 extends in the X direction along the surface of the heat exchange panel 4. Both ends of the scaffold 6 are supported by the frame 11.

  As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 as an example, the scaffold 6 is configured by placing a floor plate 62 on a pair of channel steels 61 extending in the X direction. A kick plate 63 is erected on the outer periphery of the floor plate 62. The kick plate 63 is disposed so as to face the outer surface of the heat exchange panel 4 at a predetermined interval with respect to the heat exchange panel 4.

  A deformation regulating member 7 that regulates deformation of the heat exchange panel 4 when an earthquake load is input to the ORV 1 is attached to the kick plate 63. The deformation restricting members 7 are disposed on both sides in the Y direction across the heat exchange panel 4. The deformation restricting member 7 includes an engaging portion 71 that engages with the standing kick plate 63, and an abutting portion that faces the outer surface of the heat exchange panel 4 and contacts the heat exchange panel 4 when the heat exchange panel 4 is deformed. 72.

  The engaging part 71 has a transverse cross section that is formed in an inverted U shape, and has a groove that opens downward. By inserting the engaging portion 71 of the deformation regulating member 7 into the kicking plate 63 from above the kicking plate 63 so as to insert the kicking plate 63 into the groove through the opening, the deformation regulating member 7 is attached to the scaffold. 6 is attached. Reference numeral 64 denotes a pressing member that suppresses the displacement in the X direction of the engaging portion 71 of the deformation regulating member 7.

  The contact portion 72 is configured to have a predetermined thickness in the Y direction, and the distance t between the heat exchange panel 4 and the contact portion 72 in a state where the deformation regulating member 7 is attached to the kick plate 63. However, it is made empty.

  The above-described mounting configuration of the deformation regulating member 7 to the scaffold 6 is an example, and various configurations can be appropriately adopted as the mounting configuration of the deformation regulating member 7 to the scaffold 6.

  Here, the deformation restricting member 7 is not attached to the entire anchoring plate 63 of the scaffold 6 extending from end to end in the X direction in the ORV 1 but only to a part thereof. Specifically, the deformation restricting member 7 is attached only in the vicinity of both ends in the X direction of the heat exchange panel 4 surrounded by a broken line in FIG.

  Hereinafter, the details of the attachment location of the deformation regulating member 7 and the details of the interval t between the heat exchange panel 4 and the contact portion 72 will be described.

  The inventors of the present application performed dynamic analysis (eigenvalue analysis) on ORV1, and as a result, the heat exchange panel 4 was found to be deformed so as to bend in the Y direction as modeled in FIG. (In addition, the arrow of FIG. 5 has shown the deformation | transformation of the heat exchange panel 4). Specifically, in the heat exchange panel 4, the deformation of the lower end connected to the lower header pipe 21 and the upper end connected to the upper header pipe 31 are relatively small, and the deformation near the center in the Z direction is the largest. To do. It has also been found that the amount of displacement of the heat exchange panel 4 in the Y direction differs depending on the position of the heat exchange panel 4 in the X direction, and both ends in the X direction become large.

  Moreover, as modeled and shown in FIG. 6, the heat exchange panel 4 is deformed so as to rotate around the vertical axis (note that the arrows in FIG. 6 indicate the deformation of the heat exchange panel 4). 6 is an example of a deformed shape, and the four heat exchange panels 4 do not always undergo the deformation shown in FIG. 6, but the deformation of the heat exchange panel 4 has a maximum displacement at the end. It is common to become.

  It has been found that this rotational deformation becomes larger in a configuration in which a plurality of heat exchange panels 4 are connected to each other in the Y direction by tie bars 24 and 34 and manifolds 22 and 32. . Moreover, the tendency is so remarkable that a lower header is long in a X direction. In FIG. 6, the difference between the deformation amount on one end side and the deformation amount on the other end side of the heat exchange panel 4 is caused by the distance L1 from the end of the heat exchange panel 4 to the support member 25, This is an influence that the distance L2 from the end of the heat exchange panel 4 to the support member 26 is different. In addition, the amount of deformation in the four heat exchange panels 4 may be different because the distances from the heat exchange panels 4 to the support members 25 and 26 are different.

  From the above analysis results, if the deformation of the heat exchange panel 4 during an earthquake is to be prevented, the deformed heat exchange panel 4 hits the side of the heat exchange panel 4 in the Y direction. It is effective to provide a member that restricts the deformation of 4 beyond that. It is most effective to dispose the deformation regulating member in the vicinity of the center of the heat exchange panel 4 in the Z direction and in the vicinity of both ends of the heat exchange panel 4 in the X direction. It is. This is because these portions have a large amount of deformation of the heat exchange panel 4, so that when the heat exchange panel 4 is deformed, the heat exchange panel 4 quickly comes into contact with the deformation regulating member 7.

  Therefore, in the ORV 1, the deformation regulating member 7 is attached to the scaffold 6. Thereby, the deformation regulating member 7 can be disposed on the side in the Y direction and near the center in the Z direction with respect to the heat exchange panel 4.

  Moreover, the deformation | transformation control member 7 is attached to the both ends of the X direction in the scaffold 6, as shown in FIG. Thereby, it becomes possible to arrange the deformation regulating member 7 near both ends in the X direction with respect to the heat exchange panel 4. Here, the length of the deformation restricting member 7 in the X direction can be set to an appropriate length. The length of the deformation regulating member 7 in the X direction may be, for example, the length of several heat transfer tubes 41 (about 2 to 10). As will be described later, in order to reduce the risk of adversely affecting the flow of seawater flowing down the surface of the heat exchange panel 4, it is advantageous to make the length of the deformation regulating member 7 in the X direction as short as possible. Arranging the deformation regulating member 7 only in the vicinity of both ends in the X direction with respect to the heat exchange panel 4 does not adversely affect the flow of seawater on the surface of the heat exchange panel 4, and the heat exchange panel 4 is deformed. Can be effectively prevented.

  Since the deformation regulating member 7 is a member that prevents the heat exchange panel 4 from being deformed, if the deformation regulating member 7 is disposed in contact with the surface of the heat exchange panel 4, the deformation of the heat exchange panel 4 can be most reliably prevented. become able to. However, in ORV1, since the seawater flows down the surface of the heat exchange panel 4, if the deformation restricting member 7 is brought into contact with the outside of the heat exchange panel 4, the flow of seawater will be hindered, and the performance as the ORV1 will be reduced. Resulting in.

  Therefore, in this ORV 1, the deformation regulating member 7 is disposed at a predetermined interval t in the Y direction from the surface of the heat exchange panel 4. By doing so, the deformation regulating member 7 does not affect the flow of seawater on the surface of the heat exchange panel 4, and the deformation regulating member 7 effectively deforms the heat exchange panel 4 during an earthquake. It becomes possible to prevent.

  Here, the upper limit value of the distance t between the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 can be set according to the following concept, for example. That is, the heat transfer tube 41 in the ORV 1 is a pressure vessel, and the pressure vessel is required to ensure airtightness during an earthquake. Moreover, when considering the continuous operation after the earthquake of ORV1, the ORV1 is required not to generate excessive residual displacement from its heat transfer mechanism. Specifically, it is only necessary to satisfy the permissible values for medium- and small-scale earthquakes stipulated in the “seismic design guidelines for high-pressure gas facilities” and “seismic design guidelines for manufacturing facilities”. Here, the allowable value for the small and medium-scale earthquake in the standard means that the range of plasticization of the pressure vessel is limited to local plastic strain and does not generate a large residual displacement that can be visually discerned. .

  Assuming that the interval t between the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 is set to a certain interval, the heat transfer tube when a forced displacement equal to the interval is loaded on the heat exchange panel 4 (heat transfer tube 41). 41, the primary stress and the secondary stress of the heat transfer tube 41 satisfy the permissible values, respectively. The maximum value of the distance t between the surface of the exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 can be determined.

  Here, according to the standard of the pressure vessel, the allowable value of the primary stress is, for example, the weight of the heat transfer tube 41 (including the contents in the heat transfer tube 41), the internal pressure, the inertial force at the time of the earthquake, and the heat transfer tube 41 It can be set to 1.5 S or less for the combination of pipe reaction forces to be connected. Here, S is S = MIN (0.6Su, 0.9Sy), Su is the tensile strength, and Sy is the yield point or 0.2% yield strength. The values “1.5”, “0.6”, and “0.9” are values according to the standard of the pressure vessel.

  In addition, the allowable value of the secondary stress is, for example, 2Sy with respect to the repetition range of the combination of the inertial force at the time of earthquake, the piping reaction force, and the forced displacement of the frame of the open rack type vaporizer. It can be determined that: The value “2” is a value according to the standard of the pressure vessel.

  In general pressure vessel standards, the allowable values of the generated stress for both primary and secondary stresses differ with respect to the magnitude of the ground motion. If the medium and small scale ground motions are level 1 ground motions and the large scale ground motions are level 2 ground motions, The allowable value of 2 ground motion is about twice the allowable value of level 1 ground motion in consideration of energy absorption due to plasticization of members. In the present invention, it is possible to satisfy the allowable value of level 1 ground motion for level 2 ground motion in consideration of continuous operation after the earthquake.

  By disposing the deformation restriction member 7 so as to be equal to or less than the maximum value of the distance t between the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation restriction member 7 set in this manner, the heat exchange panel 4 can be allowed in an earthquake. Excessive deformation beyond the stress is prevented, and damage to the heat exchange panel 4 can be prevented. In other words, it becomes possible to prevent the heat transfer tube 41 after the earthquake from being able to ensure airtightness and to prevent the residual deformation that would hinder the flow of the heat medium. Specifically, the occurrence of cracks or the like in the heat transfer tube 41 after the earthquake is avoided, and the heat medium around the heat transfer tube 41 is reduced, so that “water film breakage”, “scattering” and / or Or generation | occurrence | production of "peeling" etc. is avoided.

  Further, a narrower distance t between the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 is advantageous in preventing the heat exchange panel 4 from being deformed. However, it is not preferable to narrow the interval t between the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 so as to affect the flow of the heat medium on the surface of the heat exchange panel 4. The distance t between the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 is preferably set to be equal to or greater than the thickness (5 to 10 mm) of seawater flowing on the surface of the heat exchange panel 4.

  By doing so, seawater flows down smoothly on the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 during normal operation, and the operating performance of the ORV 1 is prevented from deteriorating.

  Here, if foreign matter such as dust and shells in the seawater is caught between the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7, the seawater will not flow down at the location. For this reason, it is preferable to set the interval t between the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 with a certain margin in order to reliably prevent the foreign matter from being caught.

  In addition, even if ice adheres to the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 during the operation of the ORV 1, the thickness of the seawater flowing on the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 is adjusted so as not to hinder the flow of seawater. You may set the space | interval t of the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation | transformation control member 7 more than the thickness which added the thickness of the ice adhering to the surface of the exchange panel 4. FIG.

  Considering the above points, the interval t between the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 may be set to be 5 to 100 mm, although it depends on the analysis method.

  In order to reduce the risk of foreign matter getting caught between the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7, it is advantageous to reduce the number of locations where the deformation regulating member 7 is disposed.

  Moreover, by attaching the deformation restricting member 7 to the scaffold 6 as in the above-described configuration, the seismic performance of the existing ORV 1 can be easily improved.

  In the above configuration, the deformation regulating member 7 is disposed only near both ends in the X direction with respect to the heat exchange panel 4, but in addition to near both ends in the X direction, A deformation restricting member 7 may be provided.

  Further, the deformation restricting member 7 may be disposed over the entire region in the X direction of the heat exchange panel 4. In this case, the deformation restricting member 7 does not necessarily have to be continuous in the X direction.

  In the configuration in which the deformation restricting members 7 are disposed at a plurality of locations in the X direction, the distance t between the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation restricting member 7 is not constant, but according to the locations in the X direction. The distance t between the surface of the heat exchange panel 4 and the deformation regulating member 7 may be changed.

  Moreover, in the said structure, in ORV1, although the adjacent heat exchanger tubes 41 are joined by welding, the heat exchanger tubes 41 do not need to join each other. Even in the ORV 1 configured as described above, the deformation restricting members 7 are disposed on both sides in the Y direction across the heat transfer tube 41 to prevent deformation of the heat transfer tube 41 when an earthquake load is input. It becomes possible to do. In this case, the arrangement position of the deformation regulating member 7 is not limited to the above-described arrangement position, and can be changed as appropriate.

  Furthermore, in the above-described configuration, in the ORV 1, the plurality of heat exchange panels 4 are connected to each other in the Y direction, but the heat exchange panels 4 may be independent from each other. Moreover, even when mutually connecting, the number of the heat exchange panels 4 can be set to an appropriate number.

  In addition to attaching the deformation regulating member 7 to the scaffold 6, the deformation regulating member 7 may be fixed to the frame 11 independently of the scaffold 6.

  Moreover, although the deformation | transformation control member 7 is arrange | positioned in one place near the center of the heat exchange panel 4 with respect to Z direction, the deformation | transformation control member 7 has two places with respect to Z direction, or 3 You may arrange | position in a location.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Open rack type vaporizer 11 Frame 21 Lower header pipe 31 Upper header pipe 4 Heat exchange panel 41 Heat transfer pipe 5 Heat medium supply means 6 Scaffold 7 Deformation restricting member t Interval

Claims (7)

The frame,
A lower header pipe supported by the frame and extending in a first direction which is a horizontal direction, and an upper header pipe arranged in parallel to the lower header pipe at a position above the lower header pipe A plurality of juxtaposed in the first direction along the lower header pipe and the upper header pipe, and extending in the vertical direction to communicate the lower header pipe and the upper header pipe with each other. A heat transfer pipe, and heat medium supply means configured to supply the heat transfer pipe to the heat transfer pipe so as to flow down along the surface of the heat transfer pipe from the upper end of the heat transfer pipe, A vaporizer main body configured to perform heat exchange between the fluid and the heat medium flowing down the surface in the heat transfer tube, and to heat the fluid;
By sandwiching the heat transfer tube extending in the vertical direction and being disposed on both sides of the second direction orthogonal to the first direction and being supported by the frame, an earthquake load is input to the vaporizer main body. A deformation restricting member configured to restrict the heat transfer tube from being further deformed by contacting the heat transfer tube before the heat transfer tube is deformed; and
The deformation regulating member is an open rack type vaporizer disposed at a predetermined interval in the second direction from the surface of the heat transfer tube. In the open rack type vaporizer according to claim 1,
The predetermined interval is an open rack type vaporizer that is set to an interval that prevents the heat transfer tube after an earthquake from securing airtightness and does not cause residual deformation that causes the heat medium to flow down. In the open rack type vaporizer according to claim 1 or 2,
The open rack type vaporizer is configured such that a distance between the heat transfer tube and the deformation regulating member is set to be equal to or greater than a thickness of the heat medium flowing on a surface of the heat transfer tube. In the open rack type vaporizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The plurality of heat transfer tubes arranged side by side in the first direction constitute a heat exchange panel that spreads in the first direction by being joined together,
The deformation control member is an open rack type vaporizer disposed at least in the vicinity of both end portions in the first direction of the heat exchange panel. In the open rack type vaporizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The lower header pipe is fixed to the frame at both ends in the first direction,
The upper header pipe is an open rack type vaporizer that is suspended and supported by the frame at an intermediate portion in the first direction. In the open rack type vaporizer according to claim 5,
A plurality of the lower header pipes are arranged side by side with an interval in the second direction,
The plurality of lower header pipes are connected to each other at both ends in the first direction,
The open rack type vaporizer in which the location which connected the said some lower header pipe | tube is being fixed to the said frame. In the open rack type vaporizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
On both sides of the second direction across the heat transfer tube, the maintenance tube is disposed near the center in the vertical direction of the heat transfer tube and supported by the frame, and is configured to extend in the first direction. With a scaffold,
The deformation restricting member is an open rack type vaporizer attached to the scaffold.

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