JP2017165745A - Use of pedf-derived polypeptides for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration or arteriogenesis - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide therapeutic methods for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration or arteriogenesis using PEDF-derived polypeptides.SOLUTION: Provided is a synthetic peptide for promoting regeneration of muscle or tendon in a subject, which comprises 20-39 amino acid residues in length and has an amino acid sequence at least 80% identical to a specific sequence, and the amino acid sequence comprises at least 20 contiguous residues being at least 90% identical to residues 11-30 of the specific sequence. Also provided is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the synthetic peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The carrier may be alginic acid, gelatin, collagen or poly(lactide-co-glycolide), preferably alginic acid.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

(Background of the invention)
(1. Field of Invention)

The present disclosure relates to the treatment of tissue damage. The disclosed invention relates particularly to the use of PEDF-derived polypeptides to promote muscle or tendon regeneration or arteriogenesis in the treatment of tissue damage.

(2. Explanation of related technology)

Muscle tissue is classified as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, or smooth muscle. Muscle is capable of repairing its damage. Skeletal muscle, after injury, is repaired by a spontaneous process to remove damaged muscle fibers and synthesize new muscle fibers. However, such spontaneous tissue repair mechanisms are not present in certain types of tissue damage or are insufficient to provide full tissue recovery. For example, certain pathological conditions (such as severe injury, old age, muscle disuse, cancer, and tissue ischemia), or genetic defects (such as muscular dystrophy) can result in failure to heal. Repair failures can result in permanent loss of muscle mass, disease progression, and functional defects.

A tendon is a strong band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscles and bones. Tendon damage generally results in inflammation and tendon degeneration or weakening, which can ultimately lead to tendon rupture. Tendon healing is a long and complex process that typically takes several months, and the tissue will gradually change from fibrotic to scar-like over a period of about one year or more. Such scar tissue can result in a decrease in tendon elasticity and mobility and an increased tendency for recurrence of damage. Tendon-derived stem cells (TSC) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC)
Provides limited self-healing of tendonitis lesions.

The onset of ischemia is another cause of tissue damage to consider. An ischemic episode leading to tissue damage results in myocardial infarction, stroke, and other disorders. Short-term onset of ischemia is mild injury
Longer periods of ischemia cause irreversible cell damage that results in cell death, while causing cells to recover. In the latter case, even if blood circulation is restored, complete functional recovery of damaged cells is not possible. Furthermore, loss of function always precedes cell death.

Current therapies for these conditions do not result in healing of damaged, nonfunctional tissue or promote regeneration. Thus, there is a need in the art for means to promote tissue regeneration. In particular, it would be desirable to provide compositions and methods that promote blood flow within or adjacent to a damaged tissue region and promote arteriogenesis so that the tissue can function to some degree normally. .

(Overview)
The following provides a brief overview of the present disclosure to provide a basic understanding to the reader. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure and it does not identify key / critical elements of the invention or delineate the scope of the invention. Its sole purpose is to provide certain concepts disclosed herein in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

The present disclosure is based at least on the discovery that synthetic peptides derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) can promote muscle regeneration or tendon regeneration as well as arteriogenesis in a subject. Therefore, the PEDF-derived synthetic peptide of the present invention is useful as a drug or pharmaceutical for treating tissue damage (particularly, those associated with ischemia).

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a synthetic peptide for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration in a subject.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the synthetic peptide is 20-39 amino acid residues in length and has an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1. The amino acid sequence also includes at least 20 consecutive residues that are at least 90% identical to residues 11-30 of SEQ ID NO: 1, so that the synthetic peptide is capable of regenerating muscle or tendon in a subject. It will be useful to promote.

According to any embodiment of the present disclosure, at least four consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are
Identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Non-limiting examples of such synthetic peptides include
SEQ ID NO: 1 (39-mer), SEQ ID NO: 2 (34-mer), SEQ ID NO: 3 (29-mer), SEQ ID NO: 5
(24-mer), SEQ ID NO: 6 (20-mer), SEQ ID NO: 8 (MO 29-mer), and SEQ ID NO: 9 (MO 20-mer). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amino acid sequence of the synthetic peptide is SEQ ID NO: 3 (29-mer), SEQ ID NO: 5 (24-mer), or SEQ ID NO: 6 (20-me
one of r).

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a pharmaceutical composition for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration in a subject. The subject can be any animal classified as a mammal, including a human.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a synthetic peptide according to any of the preceding aspects / embodiments, and the synthetic peptide is sufficient to promote muscle or tendon regeneration in the subject. Present in an effective amount. The pharmaceutical composition also includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the synthetic peptide.

According to any embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a polymeric material that can be either alginic acid, gelatin, collagen, or poly (lactide-co-glycolide).

According to any embodiment of the present disclosure, the synthetic peptide is about 1-100 μM, preferably about 10 μM.
Present in the pharmaceutical composition.

In yet another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration within or adjacent to a damaged region of a subject. The subject can be any animal classified as a mammal, including a human.

In one embodiment, the method comprises administering to a subject's treatment area a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic peptide according to the preceding aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure. Here, the treatment area is within or adjacent to the damaged area to promote muscle or tendon regeneration within or adjacent to the damaged area of the subject.

According to any embodiment, the synthetic peptide is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition according to the previous aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure. Indeed, the pharmaceutical composition can be administered via intramuscular injection.

According to some embodiments, the subject has muscle damage, muscle disuse, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tendon injury, tissue ischemia, cerebral ischemia, peripheral arterial disease, or myocardial infarction (which are May cause muscle or tendon damage in the damaged area).

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a synthetic peptide for promoting arteriogenesis in a subject. The subject can be any animal classified as a mammal, including a human.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the synthetic peptide is 20-39 amino acid residues in length and has an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1. The amino acid sequence also includes at least 20 consecutive residues that are at least 90% identical to residues 11-30 of SEQ ID NO: 1, so that the synthetic peptide promotes arteriogenesis in the subject Useful to do.

According to any embodiment of the present disclosure, at least four consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are
Identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Non-limiting examples of such synthetic peptides include
SEQ ID NO: 1 (39-mer), SEQ ID NO: 2 (34-mer), SEQ ID NO: 3 (29-mer), SEQ ID NO: 5
(24-mer), SEQ ID NO: 6 (20-mer), SEQ ID NO: 8 (MO 29-mer), and SEQ ID NO: 9 (MO 20-mer). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amino acid sequence of the synthetic peptide is SEQ ID NO: 3 (29-mer), SEQ ID NO: 5 (24-mer), or SEQ ID NO: 6 (20-me
one of r).

In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a pharmaceutical composition for promoting arteriogenesis in a subject. The subject can be any animal classified as a mammal, including a human.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a synthetic peptide according to any of the preceding aspects / embodiments, and the synthetic peptide is in an effective amount sufficient to promote arteriogenesis in the subject. Exists. The pharmaceutical composition also includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the synthetic peptide.

According to any embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a polymeric material that can be either alginic acid, gelatin, collagen, or poly (lactide-co-glycolide).

According to any embodiment of the present disclosure, the synthetic peptide is about 1-100 μM, preferably about 10 μM.
Present in the pharmaceutical composition.

In yet another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for promoting arteriogenesis within or adjacent to a subject's ischemic region. The subject can be any animal classified as a mammal, including a human.

In one embodiment, the method comprises administering to a subject's treatment area a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic peptide according to the preceding aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure. Here, the treatment region is within or adjacent to the ischemic region to promote arteriogenesis that is within or adjacent to the subject ischemic region.

According to any embodiment, the synthetic peptide is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition according to the previous aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure. Indeed, the pharmaceutical composition can be administered via intramuscular injection.

According to some embodiments, the subject has muscle damage, muscle disuse, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tendon injury, tissue ischemia, cerebral ischemia, peripheral arterial disease, or myocardial infarction (which are May interfere with or block blood flow in the ischemic region).

Many of the attendant features and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood with reference to the following detailed description considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

(Brief description of the drawings)
This patent and application contain at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawings will be provided by the office after request and payment of the necessary fee.

The description of the present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description read in light of the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows cumulative in vitro release of PEDF peptide from alginate gel in PBS at 37 ° C. Results are provided as the mean ± standard deviation of three separate experiments.

FIG. 2 provides a representative LDPI image showing ischemic hindlimb blood flow over a four week period.

FIG. 3 shows blood flow analysis of mouse hind limbs treated with a blank alginate gel, a sustained release formulation containing 29-mer, 24-mer, 20-mer, or 18-mer, and a bolus formulation containing 29-mer. Show. Results are provided as 3 separate experiments; mean of n ≧ 6 ± standard deviation. * P <0.05 (vs blank control).

FIG. 4A provides a representative photograph (original magnification, × 40) from a tibial muscle specimen stained with Masson trichrome, and FIG. 4B shows necrosis after surgical induction of hindlimb ischemia at 2 and 7 weeks. A representative photograph (original magnification, × 200) from the same specimen at a higher magnification is provided to highlight the degree of.

FIG. 5 provides representative immunostained images of arterioles in the greater adductor muscle 2 weeks after ischemia. Arterioles were labeled with anti-α-SMA (brown) and nuclei were labeled with hematoxylin.

FIG. 6 is based on basic MCDB131 medium (untreated control) or according to known angiogenic factors (FGF2 or VEGF), control PEDF peptide (25-mer or 18-mer), or embodiments of the present disclosure. Provided are representative photographs of aortic ring explants cultured for 4 days in media supplemented with PEDF peptide (29-mer, 24-mer, 20-mer, Mo 29-mer, or Mo 20-mer).

FIG. 7 shows representative double immunity showing vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) proliferation from aortic rings cultured in medium supplemented with PEDF peptides (29-mer, 20-mer, and 18-mer). Provide stained images. Here, endothelial cells were detected with isolectin B4 labeled with Alexa Fluor 594 (IB4; red; left panel) and vSMC was labeled with anti-α-SMA (green; middle panel). The composite image is placed on the right (yellow). Nuclei were visualized with Hoechst 33258 staining. Original magnification, x400. Images are representative of 4 independent experiments.

FIG. 8 provides representative photographs from soleus muscle specimens stained with H & E 14 days after bupivacaine injection.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing muscle fiber size distribution of muscles from animals under various experimental conditions.

FIG. 10 provides a representative photograph showing the regenerated tissue (↑) inside the tendon 3 weeks after injury. Original magnification, x100.

FIG. 11 provides representative photographs of H & E stained sections of Achilles tendon 3 weeks after injury. Original magnification, x400; scale bar = 50 μM. Images are representative of three independent experiments.

FIG. 12 provides a representative photograph of a tissue section stained with Masson Trichrome to highlight collagen fibers 3 weeks after injury. A star (*) represents an undamaged area in the tendon. Original magnification, x400; scale bar = 50 μM. Images are representative of three independent experiments.

FIG. 13 provides a representative immunostained photograph of newly formed type 1 collagen (brown) in the regenerating tendon 3 weeks after surgery. Nuclei were labeled with hematoxylin. The enclosed area is shown below at a higher magnification. Scale bar = 50 μM. Images are representative of three independent experiments.

FIG. 14 is a representative gel electrophoresis image showing enhanced expression levels of the tenomodulin (TNMD) gene by PEDF peptides (29-mer and 20-mer) of the present invention, according to certain actual examples of the present disclosure. It is. Expression of the tenomodulin (TNMD) gene indicates differentiation of BM-MSCs into tendon cells. Images are representative of three independent experiments.

(Description)
The detailed description provided below in connection with the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of embodiments of the invention and is not intended to represent the only forms in which embodiments of the invention may be constructed or utilized. This description sets forth the purpose of the examples and the order of the steps for configuring and operating the examples. However, the same or equivalent objectives and sequences can be realized by different examples.

For convenience, certain terms used throughout the application (including the description, examples, and appended claims) are collected here. Unless defined otherwise herein, all technical and scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the meanings that are commonly understood and used by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include the same plural form and plural terms shall include the singular form. Specifically, in the present specification and claims, the singular forms “a” and “an” include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The numerical ranges and parameters describing the broad scope of the invention are approximate values,
The numerical values described in the examples are reported as accurately as possible. But any number
It inherently contains certain errors that necessarily arise from the standard deviation found in each test measurement. Also, as used herein, the term “about” generally means within 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.5% of a given value or range. Alternatively, the term “about” means within an acceptable standard error of the mean, as judged by those skilled in the art. Except for implementation / actual examples, or unless otherwise specified, the amount of material, time, temperature,
Numeric ranges, quantities, values, etc. for operating conditions, proportions of quantities, and the like
And all percentages should be understood to be modified by the term “about” in all cases. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the present disclosure and appended claims are approximate values that may vary if desired. At a minimum, each numeric parameter should be interpreted at least by considering the number of significant digits reported and applying normal rounding techniques.

As used herein, the term “peptide” refers to a polymer of amino acid residues. The term “synthetic peptide” as used herein means a peptide that does not contain a fully naturally occurring protein molecule. Peptides are “synthetic” in that they can be produced by human intervention using techniques such as chemical synthesis, recombinant gene technology, or full-length protein fragmentation. Throughout this disclosure, the position of any particular amino acid residue within a peptide is
The peptide is numbered starting from the N-terminus.

The term “stem cell” as used herein is the ability to proliferate without substantial differentiation under certain circumstances; as well as to a more specialized or differentiated phenotype under certain circumstances. A cell that retains the ability or potential to do.

As used herein, “proliferating” and “proliferation” refer to an increase in the number of cells in a population due to cell division.

As used herein, the term “muscle cell” refers to any cell that contributes to muscle tissue and includes myoblasts, satellite cells, myotubes, and myofibril tissue. “Muscle regeneration” as used herein refers to the process by which new muscle fibers are formed from muscle precursor cells. Muscle regeneration within or adjacent to the damaged area is evidenced by an increase in the number, diameter (size), wet weight, and / or protein content of muscle fibers within or adjacent to the damaged area. be able to. Muscle regeneration can also be monitored by the proliferation activity of muscle cells and / or satellite cells within or adjacent to the damaged area.

As used herein, the term “tendon” refers to a fibrous tissue composed of closely packed, parallel collagen fibers that connect muscle and bone. Healing a damaged tendon
A slow process, usually accompanied by scar formation. Scar formation can result in imperfect tendons that cannot regain normal or original tendon function. As used herein, the term “tendon regeneration” means that type I collagen is formed and the newly formed collagen fibers are aligned parallel to the direction of load application so that scar formation is minimized. , Refers to the tendon healing process. The regeneration of tendons within or adjacent to the damaged area can be evidenced by an increase in the number of collagen fibrils with systematic orientation within or adjacent to the damaged area. Tendon regeneration can also be monitored by the proliferative activity of tendon stem cells within or adjacent to the damaged area.

As used herein, the term “arteriogenesis” should be distinguished from “angiogenesis”. Angiogenesis is the process by which new capillaries emerge from pre-existing blood vessels.
It is important to recognize that these newly formed capillaries lack vascular smooth muscle cells. They are therefore brittle and easy to tear. Since these capillaries do not pass through the vascular remodeling process, they cannot maintain and / or restore proper blood circulation within and / or adjacent to the damaged area. In contrast to capillary sprouting, arteriogenesis refers to the in situ mobilization and expansion of arteries or collateral arteries by proliferation of endothelium and smooth muscle cells from existing arteriole connections. These newly formed arteries or collateral arteries constitute the natural bypass that can supply enough blood to injured or ischemic tissues or sites of inflammation. It will evolve into a functional network.

The term “ischemia” as used herein relates to a condition that can occur in any tissue and / or organ that suffers from a lack of oxygen supply and / or an abnormal accumulation of metabolites. This leads to insufficient oxygen in tissues such as muscle, heart, or brain, for example by atherosclerosis, restenosis lesions, anemia, stroke, or arterial thrombus, to name just a few Occurs when there is an imbalance between supply and demand of oxygen due to inadequate blood flow caused. However, ischemia can occur in any organ / tissue and is not limited to the aforementioned organs or tissues.

The terms “promoting” or “promoting” are intended to refer to positive changes; in particular, statistically significant positive changes. A positive change means an increase of at least 10% relative to the reference level.

式中、Xは、配列アラインメントプログラムBLASTによって同一のマッチとして記録される
、このプログラムのAとBのアラインメントにおけるアミノ酸残基の数であり、Yは、A又は
B内のいずれか短い方のアミノ酸残基の総数である。 `` Percent amino acid sequence identity (%) with respect to the sequence of the synthetic polypeptide identified herein.
) '' Is a specific that does not consider any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps if necessary to obtain the greatest percentage of sequence identity Is defined as the percentage of amino acid residues in the candidate sequence that are identical to amino acid residues in the polypeptide sequence. Alignments for the purpose of determining percent sequence identity are available in various ways within the skill of the art and are publicly available, for example, BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN, or Megalign (DNASTAR) software Can be implemented using computer software.
Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parameters for measuring alignment, including any algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared. For purposes herein, sequence comparison between two amino acid sequences was performed by the computer program Blastp (protein-protein BLAST) provided online by the Nation Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The percentage of amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to a given amino acid sequence B (or this is a given amino acid sequence where the amino acid sequence identity to a given amino acid sequence B is some% (Which can be expressed as A) is calculated by the following formula:

Where X is the number of amino acid residues in the alignment of A and B of this program, recorded as an identical match by the sequence alignment program BLAST, and Y is A or
The total number of amino acid residues in B, whichever is shorter.

The expression “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier”, as used herein, transports or transfers a target agent from one organ or part of the body to another organ or part of the body. Means a pharmaceutically acceptable material, composition, or vehicle, such as a liquid or solid filler, diluent, excipient, solvent, or encapsulating material. Each carrier must be “acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation. The carrier can be in the form of a solid, semi-solid, or liquid diluent, cream, or capsule.

The terms “treatment” and “treating” are generally used herein to mean obtaining a desired pharmaceutical and / or physiological effect. The effects are muscle damage, tendon damage,
Alternatively, it is preferable to be therapeutic from the viewpoint of partially or completely healing ischemia. The term “treating” as used herein partially alleviates, ameliorates or reduces one or more symptoms or characteristics of a particular disease, disorder, and / or condition. A medical condition, a symptom of the condition, a disease or disorder secondary to the condition, or to the condition for the purpose of delaying onset, impeding progression, reducing weight, and / or reducing the incidence The application or administration of the synthetic peptide or pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to a subject who is likely to become. Treatment is for subjects who do not show signs of the disease, disorder, and / or condition, and / or for the disease, disorder, and
It can be administered to subjects who show only early signs of the condition for the purpose of reducing the risk of developing symptoms associated with the disease, disorder, and / or condition. Treatment is generally “effective” when one or more symptoms or clinical markers are reduced, as the term is defined herein. Alternatively, treatment is “effective” if disease progression is reduced or interrupted. That is, "treatment" includes not only ameliorating symptoms or reducing disease markers, but also stopping or slowing the progression or worsening of symptoms that would otherwise be expected. Beneficial or desired clinical outcomes include, but are not limited to, alleviation of one or more symptoms, reduced disease coverage, stabilized disease (i.e. not worsened), whether detectable or undetectable ) Condition, delayed or slowed disease progression, amelioration or alleviation of disease state, and remission (whether incomplete or complete).

The term “effective amount” as used herein refers to the amount of an ingredient sufficient to produce a desired response. The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein refers to the amount of a therapeutic agent in a pharmaceutical composition that provides the desired “effective treatment” as defined above. The specific therapeutically effective amount is
The particular condition being treated, the patient's health (e.g., the patient's weight, age, or gender), the type of mammal or animal being treated, the duration of the treatment, characteristics of the combination therapy, if any, and used It will vary depending on factors such as the specific formulation. A therapeutically effective amount is also an amount by which the therapeutically beneficial effect of the compound or composition exceeds any toxic or harmful effects.

The term “subject” refers to a mammal, including a human species, that is treatable with the synthetic peptides, compositions, and / or methods of the present invention. The term “subject” is intended to refer to both men and women unless one gender is specifically indicated.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional secreted protein with anti-angiogenesis, anti-tumor formation, and neurotrophic functions. Human PEDF protein (SEQ ID NO: 14) is approximately 50k in size
Da, a secreted protein of 418 amino acids in length. PEDF 34-mer fragment (residues 44-77) and 44-
The mer fragment (residues 78-121) has been shown to have anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic properties, respectively.

The present disclosure is based at least on the discovery that synthetic peptides derived from PEDF can promote muscle or tendon tissue regeneration and arteriogenesis in a subject. The present disclosure specifically includes the local delivery of peptides derived from PEDF and the healing of muscle or tendon tissue that suffers injury and / or ischemia or the formation of (collateral) arteries within or adjacent to an ischemic region. The relationship was revealed for the first time. Another inventive feature of the present invention is that the synthetic peptide is much shorter than full-length PEDF (up to 39 amino acid residues), so conventional proteins including high manufacturing costs, low bioavailability, and poor pharmacokinetics To overcome the limitations associated with the clinical use of drugs. Accordingly, the synthetic peptides of the present invention are useful for treating muscle or tendon injury, as well as tissues or organs that suffer from ischemia.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a synthetic peptide for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration in a subject. In another aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a synthetic peptide for promoting arteriogenesis in a subject. Embodiments applicable to one or both of these two aspects are discussed below.

のアミノ酸配列とのアミノ酸配列同一性が、少なくとも80%である。例えば、合成ペプチ
ドは、配列番号:1とのアミノ酸配列同一性が、約80、81、82、83、84、85、86、87、88、
89、90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、又は100パーセントであり得る。また、
合成ペプチドは、配列番号:1の残基11〜30と少なくとも90%同一である少なくとも20個の
連続的な残基を含む。具体的には、この20個の連続的なアミノ酸残基は、配列番号:1の残
基11〜30とのアミノ酸配列同一性が、約90、91、92、93、94、95、96、97、98、99、又は
100パーセントであり得る。 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the synthetic peptide is 20-39 amino acid residues in length, and

Amino acid sequence identity with the amino acid sequence of at least 80%. For example, the synthetic peptide has an amino acid sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 1 of about 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88,
It can be 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or 100 percent. Also,
The synthetic peptide comprises at least 20 consecutive residues that are at least 90% identical to residues 11-30 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Specifically, the 20 consecutive amino acid residues have an amino acid sequence identity with residues 11-30 of SEQ ID NO: 1 of about 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, or
Can be 100 percent.

In one embodiment, the synthetic peptide has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 which is 39 amino acids in length. This synthetic peptide is referred to as 39-mer in the following description. This 39-mer peptide corresponds to residues 83-121 of human PEDF, and thus this is known to be the known PEDF 44-mer (residue 78 of PEDF
(Corresponding to ˜121).

Previous experiments performed by the inventors, such as those disclosed in co-pending application US 13 / 428,996 (incorporated herein by reference in its entirety) and the experiments provided below, It has been shown that several short synthetic PEDF peptides derived from this 39-mer can promote muscle or tendon regeneration and / or arteriogenesis in a subject.

の配列を有する34-mer合成ペプチドは、対象における筋肉又は腱再生、及び/又は動脈形
成を促進するのに有効である。この34-merペプチドは、ヒトPEDFの残基88〜121に相当す
る。上で提供された2つの所与の配列間の配列同一性の割合を推定するためのプロセスに
よれば、この34-merは、39-merに100%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有し、かつ、34-merの第6
〜第25アミノ酸残基は、39-merのアミノ酸残基11〜30に100%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有す
る。 For example, based on experiments disclosed in both the previous application and the present application,

A 34-mer synthetic peptide having the sequence of is effective in promoting muscle or tendon regeneration and / or arteriogenesis in a subject. This 34-mer peptide corresponds to residues 88-121 of human PEDF. According to the process for estimating the percent sequence identity between the two given sequences provided above, this 34-mer has 100% amino acid sequence identity to the 39-mer, and , 34-mer 6th
The 25th amino acid residue has 100% amino acid sequence identity with 39-mer amino acid residues 11-30.

の配列を有する29-mer合成ペプチドは、対象における筋肉又は腱再生、並びに動脈形成を
促進するのに有効であることが確認されている。この29-merペプチドは、39-merに対する
100%アミノ酸配列同一性を有するヒトPEDFの残基93〜121に相当する。また、29-merの第1
〜第20アミノ酸残基は、39-merのアミノ酸残基11〜30に100%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有す
る。 Furthermore, according to the various examples below,

A 29-mer synthetic peptide having the following sequence has been confirmed to be effective in promoting muscle or tendon regeneration and arteriogenesis in a subject. This 29-mer peptide is against 39-mer
It corresponds to residues 93 to 121 of human PEDF with 100% amino acid sequence identity. Also the first of 29-mer
The 20th amino acid residue has 100% amino acid sequence identity with the 39-mer amino acid residues 11-30.

の配列を有する。この24-merペプチドは、39-merに100%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有し、そ
の最初の20個のアミノ酸残基は、39-merのアミノ酸残基11〜30に100%のアミノ酸配列同一
性を有する。 In some examples, a 24-mer has been found to be effective in promoting tendon regeneration and arteriogenesis in a subject. This 24-mer corresponds to residues 93 to 116 of human PEDF

It has the arrangement | sequence. This 24-mer peptide has 100% amino acid sequence identity to 39-mer, and its first 20 amino acid residues are 100% amino acid sequence identical to amino acid residues 11-30 of 39-mer Have sex.

の配列を有する。この20-merペプチドは、39-merのアミノ酸残基11〜30と完全に同一(100
%アミノ酸配列同一性)であり、かつ39-merに100%のアミノ酸配列同一性を有する。 In other examples, it has been established that a 20-mer can promote muscle or tendon regeneration as well as arteriogenesis in a subject. This 20-mer corresponds to residues 93 to 112 of human PEDF

It has the arrangement | sequence. This 20-mer peptide is completely identical to amino acid residues 11-30 of 39-mer (100
% Amino acid sequence identity) and 100-amino acid sequence identity in the 39-mer.

の配列を有する。別のマウス由来のペプチド、Mo 20-merは、

の配列を有する。Mo 20-merは、39-mer又は39-merの11〜30アミノ酸残基に90%のアミノ酸
配列同一性を有する。 Based on experiments disclosed in both previous and present applications, two synthetic peptides derived from mouse PEDF can promote muscle or tendon regeneration and / or arteriogenesis in a subject. The first mouse-derived peptide is referred to in this disclosure as “Mo 29-mer”. Mo 29-mer has 83% amino acid sequence identity to 39-mer, and its first 20 amino acid residues are 90% amino acid sequence identity to 11-30 amino acid residues of 39-mer. Have

It has the arrangement | sequence. Another mouse-derived peptide, Mo 20-mer,

It has the arrangement | sequence. Mo 20-mer has 90% amino acid sequence identity with the 39-mer or 11-30 amino acid residues of 39-mer.

は、対象におけるいかなる動脈形成も引き起こすことができない。また、以前の出願と本
出願との両方において開示されている実験に基づくと、25-merペプチド

は、対象における筋肉又は腱再生、及び/又は動脈形成を促進するのに有効でないことが
示唆される。 Optionally, the synthetic peptide comprises 4 consecutive residues that are identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1 (ie SLGA) are believed to play an important role in maintaining the biological function of the short PEDF peptide. For example, according to the various examples provided below, an 18-mer peptide without SLGA residues

Cannot cause any arteriogenesis in the subject. Also, based on experiments disclosed in both the previous application and this application, the 25-mer peptide

Is suggested to be ineffective in promoting muscle or tendon regeneration and / or arteriogenesis in the subject.

The synthetic peptides of the present invention can be synthesized by commonly used methods such as t-BOC or FMOC protection of the α-amino group. Both methods involve a step-wise synthesis where a single amino acid is added at each step, starting from the C-terminus of the peptide. The peptide of the present invention can also be synthesized by a well-known solid phase peptide synthesis method.

Other synthetic peptides with conservative mutations for 39-mer are also contemplated. The term “conservative mutation”
As used herein indicates the replacement of an amino acid residue by another biologically similar residue. Examples of conservative mutations include substitution from one hydrophobic residue to another hydrophobic residue, such as isoleucine, valine, leucine, or methionine, or another polar residue to one polar residue. Substitution from groups, for example, substitution of lysine to arginine, aspartic acid to glutamic acid, asparagine to glutamine, and the like. The term “conservative mutation” also refers to a substituted amino acid in place of the parent amino acid that is not substituted, provided that the antibody produced against the substituted polypeptide also immunoreacts with the unsubstituted polypeptide. Including the use of.

Synthetic peptides according to the foregoing embodiments can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration and / or arteriogenesis in a subject, which are included in other aspects of the disclosure.

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a synthetic peptide according to any of the preceding aspects / embodiments, and the synthetic peptide comprises muscle or tendon regeneration and / or arteriogenesis in a subject. Present in an amount effective enough to promote. The pharmaceutical composition also includes a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for the synthetic peptide.

The selection of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to be used with the synthetic peptide is basically determined by the manner in which the pharmaceutical composition is to be administered. According to any one embodiment of the present disclosure, the pharmaceutical composition can be administered locally via intramuscular injection. In this case, the synthetic peptide can be formulated with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as a sterile aqueous solution that is preferably isotonic with the blood of the recipient. Such formulations dissolve or suspend solid active ingredients in water containing a physiologically compatible substance such as sodium chloride, glycine and having a buffered pH compatible with physiological conditions. Can be prepared by producing an aqueous solution and making the solution sterile.

Further optionally, the synthetic peptide can be formulated into a sustained release dosage form to ensure a longer treatment regimen for treatment. There are several polymeric materials suitable for extending drug release, examples include, but are not limited to, alginic acid, gelatin, collagen, and poly (lactide-co-glycolide).

According to some practical examples of the present disclosure, the synthetic peptide of the present invention is embedded in a matrix of cross-linked alginate gel, the final concentration of the synthetic peptide being about 1-100 μM, preferably about 10 μM. For example, the concentration of the synthetic peptide is about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
It can be 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 μM.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can also include various additives known to those skilled in the art. For example, a solvent (including a relatively small amount of alcohol) can be used to solubilize certain drug substances. Other optional pharmaceutically acceptable additives include opacifiers, antioxidants, fragrances, colorants, gelling agents, thickeners, stabilizers, surfactants, and the like. Other agents such as antibacterial agents can be added to prevent deterioration during storage, that is, to suppress the growth of microorganisms such as yeast and mold. Penetration enhancers and / or irritation reducing additives can also be included in the compositions of the present invention.

In yet another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration within or adjacent to a damaged area of a subject; It is directed to a method for promoting arteriogenesis within or adjacent to a blood region. In one embodiment, the subject can be any animal classified as a mammal, including a human. Embodiments applicable to one or both of these two aspects are discussed below.

In one embodiment, a method for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration within or adjacent to a damaged area of a subject comprises administering to the therapeutic area of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic peptide of the present disclosure. Including. Here, the treatment area is within or adjacent to the damaged area to promote regeneration of the damaged area or the muscles or tendons adjacent to the area to be regenerated.

In another embodiment, a method for promoting arteriogenesis within or adjacent to a subject's ischemic region comprises administering to the treatment region of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a synthetic peptide of the present disclosure. . Here, the treatment area is within or adjacent to the ischemic area to promote arteriogenesis within or adjacent to the ischemic area of interest.

According to any embodiment, the synthetic peptide is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition according to the previous aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure. Indeed, the pharmaceutical composition can be administered via intramuscular injection.

According to some embodiments, the subject has muscle damage, muscle disuse, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tendon injury, tissue ischemia, cerebral ischemia, peripheral arterial disease, or myocardial infarction (which are May interfere with or block blood flow in the ischemic region).

In order to clarify certain aspects of the present invention and to assist one of ordinary skill in practicing the present invention, the following examples are provided. These examples should in no way be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. Without further details, one skilled in the art will be able to make the most of the invention based on the description herein. All publications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

(Materials and methods)

(material)

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.25% trypsin, anti-BrdU antibody, MCDB131 medium, TRIzol, and Dynabeads are from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA)
Purchased from. Ultra-pure alginate (6000 Da), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), bovine serum albumin (BSA), 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), Hoechst 33258 dye, and Masson's Trichrome are all Sigma-Aldrich (St. Lou, Missouri)
is). Type I collagenase and dispase II are from Roche (Indianap, Indiana)
olis). All fluorescent dye-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, Calif.). Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) dyes were purchased from Merck (Rayway, NJ, USA). Anti-collagen 1A1 antibody
Obtained from Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Matrigel is a BD Bio
Purchased from sciences (Bedford, Mass.). Anti-α-smooth muscle actin (anti-α-SM
A) Antibody (ab5694) and anti-nucleostemin antibody were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, Mass.). Anti-Pax7 antibody (GTX62311) was obtained from GeneTex (Taipei, Taiwan). Isolectin B4 (IB4) -Alexa Fluor 568 was obtained from Molecular Probes (OR, Oregon).

Short synthetic PEDF peptides (29-mer (SEQ ID NO: 3), 25-mer (SEQ ID NO: 4), 24-mer (SEQ ID NO: 5), 20-, according to the order at GenScript (Piscataway, NJ) mer (SEQ ID NO:
: 6), 18-mer (SEQ ID NO: 7), MO 29-mer (SEQ ID NO: 8), and MO 20-mer (SEQ ID NO: 9)) and synthesized acetyl at the NH ₂ terminus Modified, and amidated at the COOH terminus for stability,
Characterization was performed by mass spectrometry (> 95% purity).

All animals used in the embodiments of the present disclosure were housed in an animal breeding room under temperature control (24-25 ° C.) and a 12:12 light / dark cycle. Standard laboratory feed and tap water were freely available. The experimental procedure is Mackay Memorial Hospital Review Board (Taiwan,
ROC) and New Taipei City) and implemented according to domestic animal welfare regulations.

(PEDF peptide / alginate gel preparation and bolus preparation)

Short synthetic peptides from each PEDF (29-mer, 25-mer, 24-mer, 20-mer, 18-mer, MO 29-mer
, Or MO 20-mer; hereinafter referred to as PEDF peptide) was reconstituted with DMSO (5 mM) as a stock. This stock was then mixed with ultrapure alginate to give a 2% wt / vol alginate solution containing 10 μM final concentration of PEDF peptide. Next, this alginic acid solution was filtered through a membrane filter (pore size 0.22 μm), and filtered calcium sulfate (CaSO ₄ 0.21 g / dH2O 1 mL)
) And a ratio of 25: 1 (CaSO ₄ 40 μL per mL of filtered alginic acid solution). This mixture was left at room temperature for about 1 hour to allow cross-linking of alginic acid. The resulting sustained release formulation was then used to treat muscle or tendon injury and ischemia.

For bolus delivery, perform serial dilutions from a 5 mM stock solution, 1
A final PEDF concentration of 0 μM was used.

(Histological diagnosis, immunohistochemistry, and quantification)

Thin, major adductor, soleus, and tibial muscles were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, dehydrated with a graded series of ethanol, and paraffin treated. The fixed sample was deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated in a graded series of ethanol. The tissue was sliced into 5 μm sections. General histology was performed using H & E dye.

The deparaffinized tissue sections were blocked with 10% goat serum for 1 hour. BrdU (1:50
Dilution; GTX42641) or primary antibody against type I collagen 1A1 (1:50 dilution), stained overnight at 4 ° C., followed by 30 minutes with appropriate peroxidase-labeled donkey immunoglobulin, then dye After 2 minutes incubation with the original substrate (3,3'-diaminobenzidine)
Counterstaining with hematoxylin was performed. Quantification was estimated based on high-quality images (1208 x 960 pixels) taken using a Nikon Eclipse 80i optical microscope.

Muscle fiber size was determined for H & E stained muscle sections and quantified using the minimum distance of parallel tangents at the opposite particle boundary (minimum “Ferre diameter”). Pictures were taken using a Nikon Eclipse 80i optical microscope and the minimum ferret diameter was measured using Image-Pro Plus 4.5.1 software (Media Cybernetics). Normalization of the number of fibers in the 5 μm Ferret class of each fiber was based on the total number of muscle fibers in each photograph.

To confirm the number of central myofibers, sections were stained with H & E and then photographed as described above. From each photograph, at least 100 stained fibers were randomly selected. A muscle fiber was determined to be the central nucleus when one or more nuclei were not located at the fiber's edge. Data were expressed as% of the total number of muscle fibers counted. Results were evaluated from 6 sections per muscle section and 10 mice per group.

Deparaffinized tendon tissue sections were stained using Masson Trichrome according to manufacturer's instructions. For semi-quantitative analysis of the collagen area, randomly select 10 fields from each slide under an optical microscope and use the Image-Pro Plus 4.5.1 system to leave the repaired / complete state of the cross section. The tendon area (mm ² / mm ² ) was measured.

(Tensile stem cell isolation and culture)

In this study, New Zealand white rabbits (6-8 months, 3.0-4.0 kg) were used.
The Achilles tendon was removed from the rabbit by incising the bone attachment. The tendon sheath was peeled off and the central part of the tendon was cut into small pieces. Each 100 mg fragment was then digested for 2 hours at 37 ° C. in a solution containing 3 mg / mL type I collagenase and 4 mg / mL dispase in 1 ml Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM-high glucose). The obtained cell suspension is 1,000 rpm.
For 15 minutes to obtain a cell pellet which was then added with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 μM 2-mercaptoethanol, and 100 U / ml penicillin and 100 μg / ml streptomycin. Resuspended in growth medium consisting of DMEM. For passaging, nearly confluent cells were collected using 0.25% trypsin and then 1 × 10 ⁵ pre-cultured cells were further cultured in medium.

(TSC proliferation analysis)

Passage 4 TSCs were seeded onto gelatin-coated slides in 6-well plates at a density of 2 × 10 ⁵ cells per well and cultured in growth medium (DMEM + 10% FBS) for 24 hours, after which % FBS alone (control group) or 5% FBS plus an additional 50 nM PEDF-derived peptide (i.e. 29-mer
, 24-mer, 20-mer, 18-mer, Mo 29-mer, or Mo 20-mer).
Replaced for 4 hours. BrdUs for 4 hours in BrdU (final concentration 10 μM) for BrdU labeling analysis
Was added. After fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde, cells were exposed to cold methanol for 2 minutes and then treated with 1N HCl for 1 hour at room temperature, after which immunofluorescence was performed. The phenotype of the fourth passage TSC was determined by immunocytochemistry of nucleostemin and type I collagen. Almost all proliferated TSCs were double positive cells of nucleostemin and type I collagen.

(In vivo detection of DNA synthesis)

For detection of cell proliferation, BrdU was reconstituted with DMSO as a stock (80 mM). 90μl
Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 10 μl BrdU mixed with PBS 16 hours prior to euthanasia. Also,
Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 150 μl BrdU mixed with 350 μl PBS 16 hours prior to euthanasia. DNA synthesis was assessed by BrdU labeling using anti-BrdU antibody.

(Immunofluorescence analysis)

Deparaffinized tissue sections of rabbit tendon stem cells (TSC) fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde were blocked with 10% goat serum and 5% BSA for 1 hour. Use primary antibodies against α-SMA (1: 100 dilution), IB4 (5 μg / ml), Pax7 (1: 100 dilution), nucleostemin (1: 100 dilution), and type I collagen 1A1 (1:50) Double staining was then performed at 37 ° C. for 2 hours, followed by incubation with donkey IgG conjugated with appropriate rhodamine or FITC for 1 hour at room temperature. Hoec
Nuclear locations were identified by counterstaining with hst 33258 for 7 minutes. Zeiss with CCD camera
Images were taken using an epifluorescence microscope.

Measure the small artery density (α-SMA positive cells surrounding the entire circumference of the blood vessel)
Blinded quantification was performed in triplicate by taking images from randomly selected areas (200 × magnification) and manually counting within each section; then values from 5 sections Were averaged and expressed as arteriole density per mm ² .

(Isolation, cell culture, and treatment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC))

Primary rat BM-MSCs were isolated from the femurs of male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-450 g). The femur was removed aseptically, the adhering tissue was removed, and then the medullary canal was washed away by injection of DMEM medium. Collected bone marrow cells are placed in a 100 x 15 mm Petri dish with 10% FBS, 10
5% at 37 ° C. in DMEM medium supplemented with 0 U / ml penicillin and 100 μg / ml streptomycin
Incubated in CO ₂ for 2 weeks. The medium was replaced every 2-3 days. For passaging, nearly confluent cells were detached with 0.25% trypsin, then 2 × 10 ⁵ pre-cultured cells were seeded into the wells of a 6-well plate and further in 10% FBS-DMEM. Cultured. Prior to treatment, cells were starved in DMEM supplemented with 1% FBS for 12 hours, followed by 50 nM PEDF-derived peptide (29-mer or 20-mer) in fresh 1% FBS-DMEM. Treatment was performed for 24 or 48 hours.

(RNA extraction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction)

Total RNA was extracted from cells using TRIzol and treated with RNase-free DNase I (Qiagen, Santa Clarita, CA) to remove genomic DNA, and then RNA purification kit (Dynabea
ds). 1 μg of total RNA recovered from BM-MSC was added to 0.25 μg of random primer and 0
200 units expand Reverse-Transcriptase (in 20 μl reaction buffer containing .8 mM dNTPs)
Roche, Mannheim, Germany) was reverse transcribed into cDNA for 1 hour at 42 ° C. P following it
2 μl of cDNA was used as a template in the CR reaction.

のフォワードプライマーと

のリバースプライマーを含んでおり、約240bpのPCR産物が認められた。ラットグリセルア
ルデヒド-3-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(GAPDH;アクセッション番号:X02231.1)遺伝子の分析
を、発現レベルの正規化のためのハウスキーピング遺伝子として使用した。GAPDH遺伝子
の増幅のために、

のフォワードプライマーと

のリバースプライマーを含むプライマーセットを使用し、約207bpのPCR産物が認められた
。 15 μl of EconoTaq® PLUS GREEN 2 × Master Mix (Lucigen®),
PCR was performed using a 30 μl reaction volume containing 1 μM of each primer and 2 μl of template DNA. CDNA was synthesized in 18-22 cycles of amplification reaction (denaturation, 20 seconds, 94 ° C .; annealing, 30 seconds, 57 ° C .; and polymerization, 40 seconds, 72 ° C.). The number of cycles for each primer set is
It was established to be within the linear range of amplification. Primer set for amplification of rat tenomodulin gene (TNMD; accession number: NM_022290)

With forward primer

PCR product of about 240 bp was recognized. Analysis of the rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; accession number: X02231.1) gene was used as a housekeeping gene for normalization of expression levels. For amplification of GAPDH gene,

With forward primer

A PCR product of about 207 bp was observed using a primer set containing the reverse primer.

These PCR products were electrophoresed in a 2% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide, and U
Visualized by V lighting. Using the FUJI LAS-3000 system and Multi Gauge Ver. 1.01 software (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan), the intensity of the PCR product was quantified densitometrically.

(statistics)

The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). One-way ANO for statistical comparison
VA was used. P <0.05 was considered significant unless specified otherwise.

(Example 1)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide from alginate gel)

To determine 29-mer and 20mer release kinetics, 100 μg of FITC-conjugated PEDF peptide was added to 100 μg.
A hydrogel was prepared as described in the “Materials and Methods” section after mixing with L-alginic acid solution. Thereafter, 100 mg of hydrogel was incubated in 1.5 ml of PBS (pH 7.4) in an Eppendorf tube in an orbital shaker incubator for 6 days at 37 ° C. At each predetermined time point, the tube is centrifuged, then 200 μL of the supernatant is removed and stored at −80 ° C. for further analysis, and the tube is replaced with 200 μL fresh PBS to replace the removed supernatant. Was added. A fluorometer was used in a 96-well format to determine the concentration of FITC-conjugated PEDF peptide present in the collected supernatant. Not known sealed
A calibration curve was generated using FITC-peptide. Triplicate data was used for analysis.

As summarized in FIG. 1, the results of the analysis revealed that the embedded PEDF peptide was released continuously over 6 days. In particular, approximately 48% of the 29-mer peptide and 35% of the 20-mer peptide remained in the alginate gel matrix after 24 hours. Most (90%) of the 29-mer peptide is released within the first 4 days, after which time the release rate is significantly reduced, thereby providing a flat portion of the cumulative release curve. The 20-mer peptide is
It was released at a slightly faster rate and within the first 3 days, about 90% of the loaded 20-mer was released.

(Example 2)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide reduces ischemic damage)

Ischemic muscle damage generally results in necrosis and loss of tissue and function. Thus, in this example, local delivery of a PEDF peptide / alginate gel formulation (the “sustained release formulation” herein) can facilitate the recovery of tissue or organ function in the case of tissue or organ damage. An ischemic animal model was used to examine sex. In the following examples, limb blood flow,
Various conditions associated with ischemic injury, such as tissue necrosis, arteriogenesis, and neovascular sprouting were analyzed.

Six week old female C57BL / 6 wild type mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of zoletil (6 mg / kg) and xylazine (3 mg / kg). The hair was removed from the latter half body using a hair removal cream. In order to establish hindlimb ischemia, unilateral external iliac arteries and veins and femoral arteries and veins
Ligated, cut and excised. After surgery, mice were randomly assigned to several experimental groups (each group n = 6) and treated as follows. In the blank control group, mice were treated with 50 μl of blank alginate gel, whereas in the bolus control group, mice were given a bolus formulation containing 29-mer. In the PEDF peptide / alginate gel treatment group, mice were 29-mer
50 μl of sustained release formulation containing 20-mer, 24-mer, or 20-mer. In addition, in the PEDF 18-mer control group, mice were treated with a sustained release formulation containing PEDF 18-mer peptide. Treatment is
It was given by a single intramuscular injection into the thin muscle immediately after the femoral artery and venectomy. After irrigating the wound with sterile saline, the incision was closed.

(Example 2.1)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide enhances limb blood flow)

Using a laser Doppler blood flow imaging (LDPI) analyzer (Moor Instruments, USA)
The hindlimb blood flow was quantified before surgery (pre OP), immediately after surgery (post OP), and over time after surgery. To minimize vasoconstriction due to body temperature loss due to anesthesia, animals should be
Placed on a 37 ° C. heating plate for minutes. A representative LDPI image showing ischemic hindlimb blood flow over 4 weeks is provided in FIG. Here, dark blue represents low blood flow. Blood flow is expressed as the LDPI index corresponding to the ratio of operated (ischemic) limb blood flow to unoperated (non-ischemic) limb blood flow in the same mouse, and the results are shown in FIG. 3 and Table 1 (n ≧ It is summarized in 6). Blood flow was shown as a change in laser frequency represented by differently colored pixels.
table 1

As shown in Figure 3, after surgery, local blood flow (post OP), as expected, in all groups,
There was an immediate decline to about 8% of non-ischemic limbs in the same animal. The blank (alginate gel only) control led to a gradual increase in reflow over time. It should be noted that the results with bolus delivery are similar to those of the blank control, indicating that sustained release of the PEDF peptide is essential to exert its protective effect. Also, mice treated with sustained release formulations containing control 18-mer peptides do not show improved blood flow compared to blank or bolus controls; 18-mer peptides are not effective in treating ischemia I suggested that. In contrast, the PEDF treatment of the present invention significantly increased blood flow compared to the blank, bolus, and PEDF 18-mer control groups. Specifically, animals treated with a long-acting formulation containing 29-mer, 24-mer, or 20-mer have a marked increase in blood flow (normal limbs) beginning approximately 2 weeks after surgery. At least about 60%). Delivered with sustained release formulations by 4 weeks after surgery 2
Blood flow in animals treated with 9-mer, 24-mer, and 20-mer was 50% in the blank control
And 55% in bolus controls, leading to a final recovery of 105%, 92%, and 93% of normal limbs, respectively.

(Example 2.2)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide prevents ischemia-induced tissue necrosis)

In most hindlimb ischemia models, tissue necrosis generally occurs in the muscles below the knee. For example, the anterior tibial muscle that is remote from the treated thin muscle often suffers extensive necrosis with regeneration after femoral artery resection. The intensity of the Masson trichrome blue staining was dependent on the content of collagen fibers in the tissue examined. Fibrosis is also a result of necrosis. Thus, at 2 and 7 weeks after surgery and treatment, samples from the anterior tibial muscle were analyzed by Masson trichrome staining to assess the extent of fibrosis and thus necrosis. Results from a representative sample
Shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

As shown in FIG. 4A, after 2 weeks of surgery, muscle tissue from the blank control group showed extensive fibrosis (indicated by blue staining), whereas it was treated with the sustained release formulation of the present invention. The muscle tissue showed a relatively narrow fibrosis area. In FIG. 4A, 7 weeks after surgery, treatment with the sustained release formulation of the present invention effectively reduced the extent of necrosis and fibrosis, thereby achieving complete recovery of muscle tissue. Please keep in mind.

After ischemic injury, muscle fiber regeneration is achieved by the proliferation of satellite cells. Newly formed muscle fibers are characterized by a centrally located nucleus. The necrotic area is also revealed by necrotic muscle fibers that show a loss of thin eosin-favorable cytoplasm with peripheral edema and peripheral nuclei. Figure
As shown in 4B, after 2 weeks of surgery, the regeneration of muscle fibers with a centrally located nucleus was more pronounced in mice treated with the sustained release formulation of the invention than in mice treated with the blank control. Referring further to the upper panel of FIG. 4B, compared to the sample from the 20-mer treatment group, the large light red area in the sample from the blank control group indicates that the sustained release formulation of the present invention helps prevent necrosis. It also suggested that it was effective. Seven weeks after surgery, 15% of the muscle area in the anterior tibial muscle of the group treated with the blank control remained a small bundle of muscle fibers with scattered lipid droplets (Fig.
4B; lower left panel).

Statistical analysis on the area of injury (necrotic area + fibrosis area) and the number of central core fibers was also performed 2 weeks after surgery and the results are summarized in Table 2. Injured area is expressed as a percentage (%) of the total stained area and central core fibers are expressed as the total number of muscle fibers counted (%).

The data summarized in Table 2 revealed that injection of the sustained release formulation of the present invention can substantially reduce tissue damage compared to a blank or bolus control. Specifically, the damaged area of the PEDF treated group was reduced to about 45-48% of the damaged area of the blank or bolus control group. These data also show that treatment with 29-mer, 24-mer, or 20-mer formulations increased the number of central core fibers in the anterior tibialis muscle (approximately 3-3.7 fold) compared to blank or bolus controls. ).
Table 2

In summary, the results in Example 2.2 show that treatment with a sustained-release formulation of the invention containing 29-mer, 24-mer, or 20-mer prevents ischemia-induced necrosis and fibrosis. It has been suggested that it can improve muscle tissue recovery. Also, improved tibial muscle recovery in mice treated with sustained release formulations of the present invention provides further evidence to support its effect on promoting blood flow in the ischemic limb (Example 2.1 above).

(Example 2.3)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide stimulates arteriogenesis to supplement ischemic tissue with collateral circulation)

In the case of acute occlusion of the main artery (such as coronary artery or femoral artery), existing arteriole connections can be mobilized to bypass the site of occlusion. This process is called arteriogenesis, which in many aspects is different from angiogenesis. From an anatomical point of view, these existing collateral arteries are different from the capillaries formed during angiogenesis, and are different from the vascular endothelium, the inner elastic lamina, and
It is a small thin-walled tube composed of one or two layers of smooth muscle cells. Under normal conditions, these endogenous existing thin-walled arterioles may not be utilized to provide blood flow. However, after occlusion of the main artery, these vessels dramatically increase their lumens by growing around the site of occlusion to provide increased blood flow to the ischemic area at risk Can be made. During chronic or acute occlusion of the main artery, the collateral arteries can ameliorate subsequent deleterious effects in many areas of the body (hindlimb, heart, brain, kidney, etc.). It is important to recognize that arteriogenesis is not a simple process of passive dilation of existing collateral arteries; rather, arteriogenesis grows into real collateral arteries of existing arteriole connections Is associated with active growth and remodeling. Since vessel radius is the dominant effect on blood flow, it has been established that collateral arteries are capable of delivering relatively large blood volumes per unit time after adaptive growth. Thus, stimulation of arteriogenesis is probably a more efficient mechanism for the survival of ischemic limbs or internal organs (such as the heart and brain) compared to angiogenesis. In contrast, angiogenesis is the formation of capillaries composed of pre-existing blood vessel-derived endothelial cells; these capillaries are useless for providing larger amounts to the damaged ischemic area. Thus, any increase in blood flow to potentially ischemic tissue, caused by the development of two or three large collateral arteries, is insignificant for newly formed capillaries.

To examine the arteriogenic effect of the sustained release formulation of the present invention, 2 weeks after surgery, from the animals in each experimental condition, the greater adductor muscle (located at the same level as the femoral artery resection, and Arteries that are expected to play a role in establishing collateral circulation are expected). Arterioles in the muscle cross section were identified by immunohistochemical staining for vascular smooth muscle cells (α-SMA; brown) and the nuclei were labeled with hematoxylin; representative photographs are provided in FIG. Quantitative analysis was also performed, the results are summarized in Table 3, and the data were expressed as α-SM per mm ^{2 in the} area surrounding the injury.
Represented as A positive arteriole.
Table 3

These data revealed that administration of the sustained release formulation of the present invention increased arteriole density in the abductor muscle adjacent to the femoral artery resection compared to the blank or bolus control group. Thus, sustained release of PEDF peptide provides arteriogenic activity and establishes collateral circulation after acute disruption of blood supply. The dramatic increase in the lumen of these vessels with growth provides an increase in blood flow to the ischemic area at risk. This well-developed collateral network provides recovery from ischemic events.

(Example 2.4)

(PEDF peptide stimulates neovascular sprouting ex vivo)

To further confirm neovascular development promoted by PEDF peptide, a rat aortic ring budding analysis was performed. The thoracic aorta was removed from the euthanized rat and the fibrous adipose tissue around the aorta was gently removed. The aorta was cut into a ring about 2 mm long, which was then embedded in a growth factor-reduced Matrigel. Gels containing aortic rings were polymerized in 12-well plates that were incubated at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. 100 units / ml penicillin and 100 ng / ml streptomycin, 1% FBS, and additives (50 n
g / ml VEGF-A, 20 ng / ml FGF-2, or 50 ng / ml 29-mer, 24-mer, 20-mer, Mo 29-mer, Mo 20
1 ml of MCDB131 medium supplemented with -mer, 25-mer, or 18-mer) was added to the explant-containing Matrigel. The cultures were grown in a humidified incubator at 37 ° C. for up to 4 days, changing the medium every other day. Until the fourth day, an inverted microscope platform with a bright-field lens (Leica
Were used to assess neovascularization; representative photographs were provided in FIG. Quantification of neovascular sprouting was assessed using Image-Pro Plus 6.0 software (Dendrites program). The results were expressed as multiples of untreated aortic rings as summarized in Table 4. 3 for this experiment
Repeatedly.

Minimal neovascular sprouting was observed on day 4 in untreated controls (UT) to which no additive was administered. Note also that the control PEDF peptides (ie, 25-mer and 18-mer) did not substantially enhance neovascular sprouting compared to untreated controls.
Table 4

As expected, the well-known angiogenic factors, VEGF and FGF2, induced substantial neovascularization.
Neovascular sprouting in samples treated with VEGF and FGF-2 was about 3.4 each compared to the UT control.
Increased to double and 3.5 times.

The data in Table 4 shows the PEDF peptides of the present invention (29-mer, 24-mer, 20-mer, Mo 29-mer, and M
We also showed that 20-mer) stimulated more neovascular sprouting than VEGF or FGF2.
These new blood vessels were examined by double staining immunofluorescence analysis for α-smooth muscle actin (marker of arterial wall smooth muscle cells (SMC)) and isolectin B4 (IB4, marker for endothelial cells) and represented A typical photograph is provided in FIG. As seen in FIG. 7, samples treated with PEDF peptides of the present invention (29-mer or 20-mer) exhibited an arteriole phenotype with SMC coating. In contrast, PEDF 18-
After treatment with mer, endothelial tube formation and SMC proliferation were barely detected. This result indicated that PEDF peptides according to embodiments of the present disclosure can stimulate neovascularization beyond capillary angiogenesis that only contains endothelial cells in the culture. This therefore supports the idea that the PEDF peptides of the present invention stimulate arteriogenesis in vivo.

In conclusion, the data presented in Example 2 (including Examples 2.1 to 2.4) show that the PEDF peptide of the present invention increases limb blood flow, reduces tissue necrosis and fibrosis, and arteriogenesis and Effective in promoting neovascular sprouting, and therefore administration of the PEDF peptide (especially a sustained release formulation containing any of the PEDF peptides) reduces ischemic damage and It has been demonstrated that it will promote structural and functional recovery. PEDF
Note that the 34-mer fragment (residues 44-77) has anti-angiogenic properties and the 44-mer fragment of PEDF (residues 78-121) has been established to have neurotrophic properties. Should do. However, the present disclosure has confirmed for the first time that short PEDF fragments (at least 29-mer, 24-mer, 20-mer, Mo 29-mer, and Mo 20-mer) show arteriogenic activity.

(Example 3)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide promotes muscle regeneration)

In order to examine the effect of the PEDF peptide of the present invention on muscle regeneration, a rat muscle necrosis model of single injection of bupivacaine into the soleus was used. Ten-week-old adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (initial weight = 312 ± 11 g) were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine (10 mg / kg). The soleus was then placed in a 0.5 ml bupivacaine (AstraZ) with a disposable syringe equipped with a 26 gauge needle.
eneca) was injured by injection only on one side. Briefly, a needle was inserted into the distal portion of the soleus and then pulled longitudinally to the proximal portion while uniformly injecting bupivacaine solution injection. The solution was then injected through the entire length of the muscle while slowly withdrawing the needle.

After bupivacaine injection, rats were equally divided (n = 10 / group) into 4 experimental groups and treated as follows. In the blank control group, mice were treated with 50 μl of blank alginate gel.
In the treatment group, mice were given 50 μl of sustained release formulation (29-mer or 20-mer). Mice in the bolus control group received a bolus formulation (29-mer). Treatment was applied by a single intramuscular injection into the soleus immediately after bupivacaine application.

Four days after bupivacaine injection, the histological image of the soleus muscle section consisted of general necrosis with disintegrating muscle fibers and numerous infiltrating inflammatory cells, occupying a very large part of the soleus muscle ( (The photo is not shown). Only the periphery had some muscle fibers with relatively normal structure remaining. The degree of muscle fiber necrosis was the same in the blank control group and the peptide treatment group. This result indicated that the level of necrosis induced by bupivacaine was substantially the same in different groups.

(Example 3.1)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide promotes cell proliferation)

Muscle regeneration involves the growth of muscle fibers or muscle cells. Muscle fiber proliferation, Br in proliferating nuclei
Analyzed by dU incorporation. Satellite cell proliferation is a major step in muscle regeneration. Therefore, to examine muscle regeneration activity, soleus muscle specimens were also stained for a satellite cell marker, Pax7. Detailed analysis procedures are as described in “Materials and Methods”. The level of BrdU positive cells was expressed as a calculated labeling index (%) as the number of labeled cells divided by the total number of cells. The labeling index (%) of Pax7-positive cells was calculated by computing the number of labeled cells divided by the total number of cells with nuclei. Quantitative results from 6 sections per muscle section and 10 mice in each group were evaluated and are summarized in Table 5.
Table 5

These results show that Br in wounds treated with sustained release formulations containing 29-mer or 20-mer
It was revealed that the number of dU positive cells was significantly increased compared to wounds treated with blank or bolus controls. With respect to the proliferation activity of satellite cells, this data revealed that the sustained release formulation of the present invention resulted in a higher percentage of Pax7 positive cells than the blank or bolus control. Taken together, these data suggest that administration of a sustained release formulation of the present invention can enhance the proliferation activity of muscle fibers and / or satellite cells, which in turn can promote muscle regeneration. It was.

(Example 3.2)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide promotes muscle fiber regeneration)

In the process of muscle regeneration, newly produced muscle fibers typically contain a centrally located nucleus. Thus, the percentage of these central core muscle fibers is also an indicator of muscle regeneration activity. 7 days after bupivacaine injection, a statistical analysis on the percentage of central myofibers was performed,
The results are summarized in Table 6.
Table 6

As can be seen in Table 6, animals treated with sustained release formulations containing 29-mer or 20-mer have a higher proportion of muscle fibers containing centrally located nuclei than blank or bolus control groups Was. These results indicated that administration of the sustained release formulation of the present invention was effective in promoting muscle regeneration.

Also, 14 days after bupivacaine injection, in the soleus muscle in all experimental groups, necrotic muscle fibers were replaced with newly formed myotubes. However, in regenerating muscles treated with blank or bolus controls, some central core fibers remain (Figure 8),
Suggested incomplete muscle regeneration. In contrast, muscle sections from animals treated with sustained release formulations containing 29-mer or 20-mer exhibited much fewer central core fibers. Taken together, these data indicated that muscle fiber regeneration was facilitated by sustained release of PEDF peptide.

(Example 3.3)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide promotes maturation of regenerated muscle fibers)

In the later stages of muscle regeneration, the size of newly produced muscle fibers begins to increase. 14 of the damage
After a day, muscle specimens were collected and each fiber diameter was measured according to the procedure described in the “Materials and Methods” section. The results are summarized in FIG.

On average, muscle fiber diameters from animals treated with sustained release formulations containing 29-mer or 20-mer were larger than animals in blank or bolus control groups. Furthermore, the size distribution of muscle treated with 20-mer was very similar to that of intact intact muscle. Specifically, about 56.6% of muscle fibers from animals treated with 20-mer and about 53.2% of intact muscle fibers had a minimum ferret diameter of 15-25 μm. In contrast, about 59.6% and about 56.2% of the regenerated fibers from the blank and bolus control groups had a minimum ferret diameter of about 10-20 μm. These data indicated that administration of the sustained release formulation of the present invention was effective in increasing the mass of regenerated muscle.

In conclusion, the data presented in Example 3 (including Examples 3.1 to 3.3) show that the PEDF peptide of the present invention demonstrates muscle fiber and satellite cell proliferation, muscle fiber regeneration, and regenerated muscle fiber maturation. Effective to promote, and therefore administration of the PEDF peptide (especially a sustained release formulation containing any of the PEDF peptides) facilitates the muscle regeneration process and the structural and functional properties of muscle tissue It has been demonstrated that it will facilitate recovery. The present disclosure discloses short PEDF fragments (
For the first time, at least 29-mer and 20-mer) are found and disclosed to be capable of promoting muscle regeneration.

(Example 4)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide promotes tendon regeneration)

In order to examine the effect of the PEDF peptide of the present invention on tendon regeneration, a rat model with tendon injury was established as follows. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats at 10 weeks of age (total n = 50;
The initial body weight = 312 ± 11 g) was anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine (10 mg / kg). The left Achilles tendon was then injured by full-thickness insertion of an 18 gauge needle from the puncture through the 1 cm Achilles tendon to the ribs. This ensures that the horizontal (transactio) lined in intact tendon tissue on both sides to prevent retraction of the cut end.
n)) A wound was brought about.

These rats were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups (n = 10 / group) and treated as follows. In the blank control group, mice were treated with 150 μl of blank alginate gel. For the bolus control group, 150 μl of bolus formulation (29-mer) was administered. In the treatment group, mice were given 150 μl of sustained release formulation (29-mer, 24-mer, or 20-mer). Treatment was performed immediately after the injury by subcutaneous injection near the tendon lesion, irrigating the wound with sterile saline and closing the incision.

(Example 4.1)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide promotes tendon healing)

Three weeks after tendon injury, histological analysis was performed to observe healing of the tendon. A representative photograph is shown in Fig. 1.
Provided 0. As seen in the upper panel of FIG. 10, in animals treated with the blank control, a broad band of tissue-disrupted fibrous scar is formed between the two cut ends, and in scar tissue it is pink. Stained collagen bundles were minimal. In contrast, the cut end of a tendon treated with a sustained-release formulation containing 29-mer has significantly smaller scar tissue, healed, and a pinkish mature collagen bundle compared to the blank control specimen. Dyeing
It also extended to the damaged area of the tendon; and the tendon fibers from the cut end appeared to be connected in some areas (Figure 10; lower panel). In the 29-mer treatment group, the fibrous tissue in the scar was more organized and parallel.

FIG. 11 provides a representative photograph of the histological analysis at higher magnification. Normal tendons had relatively scarce cells between collagen fibers and generally elongated nuclei. In the blank and bolus control groups, after 3 weeks of healing, the presence of more abundant fibroblasts (characterized by the presence of round or spindle-shaped fibroblast-like nuclei) was observed in the tendons and new The formed collagen fibers were structurally disrupted (uninjured tissue is indicated by *). These morphological changes suggested inadequate healing of tendon wounds in the blank and bolus control groups.

In contrast, with further reference to FIG. 11, in a tendon treated with the sustained release formulation of the present invention, the healing region has a thin, elongated nucleus that is morphologically similar to the nucleus of a mature tendon cell; And the collagen fibers are well organized and parallel to the original tendon (dark pink); this suggested better healing of the tendon wound. These results indicated that the tendon wound healing process can benefit from the sustained release formulation of the present invention.

In addition, Masson trichrome staining was performed to assess the structure and organization of collagen fibers and a representative photograph of the specimen was provided in FIG. In the uninjured tendon, the collagen fibers were substantially parallel to each other (Figure 12; left panel). In contrast, the injured tendon treated with the blank control had tissue disintegrated collagen fibers in the healed area (FIG. 12; middle panel; wound edge indicated with *). However, the damaged tendon treated with the sustained release formulation of the present invention had well-organized collagen fibers aligned across the wound edge and in substantially the same direction as the intact tendon tissue. (Figure 12; right panel; wound edges are marked with *). These highly oriented and organized collagen fibers suggested a superior tendon wound healing effect in animals treated with the sustained release formulations of the present invention.

In order to evaluate the percentage of collagen in the regenerated area (%), we also performed a quantitative analysis,
The results are summarized in Table 7.
Table 7

As seen in Table 7, animals in the PEDF treatment group (29-mer, 24-mer, or 20-mer) had higher collagen content in the regenerated area than the blank or bolus control group. These data suggested that collagen synthesis in the wound area can be promoted by administration of the sustained release formulation of the present invention.

The specimens were also immunostained with type I collagen and the nuclei were labeled with hematoxylin. A representative photograph is provided in FIG. Here, the lower panel is a photograph of an enlarged area, each surrounded by a broken line in the upper panel. Of course, the collagen fibrils in the undamaged tendon are well cross-linked with each other and are therefore less likely to be recognized by the anti-collagen 1A1 antibody. Thus, in the left panel of FIG. 13, only a minimal amount of type I collagen was observed (brown staining). By comparing photographs of the blank control group (Figure 13; middle panel) and the PEDF treatment group (Figure 13; right panel), type I collagen is more abundant in the PEDF treatment group than the blank control group It was certain.

Taken together, these results show that administration of a sustained release formulation containing the PEDF peptide of the present invention stimulates type 1 collagen synthesis in cells within the damaged tendon tissue, promotes collagen deposition in the healed tissue, and It has been suggested that it promotes a more organized arrangement of collagen fibers, thereby promoting tendon regeneration.

(Example 4.2)

(PEDF peptide induces TSC proliferation in vitro)

During the tendon healing process, tendon stem cells (TSCs) have been reported to proliferate and differentiate into tendon cells. To determine whether the PEDF peptides of the present invention induce TSC proliferation in vitro, tendon stem cells were isolated and cultured as described in the “Materials and Methods” section. TSC
The purity of the TSC marker, by nucleostemin, and also the expression of type I collagen, TS
Confirmed by C; in summary, these analyzes showed TSC purity of nearly 100% (
Data not shown). TSC proliferation was confirmed by 2 hr BrdU pulse labeling. Quantitative analysis of BrdU positive cell levels was performed as previously described and the results are summarized in Table 8.
Table 8

These data show that the PEDF peptide of the present invention (29-m
er, 24-mer, 20-mer, Mo 29-mer, or Mo 20-mer) revealed that TSC cultured in a medium was more proliferative. It should also be noted that Mo 29-mer and Mo 20-mer are derived from mouse PEDF peptide but do not have 100% amino acid sequence identity to the 11-30 amino acid residues of 39-mer. However, each of these is a short one derived from human PEDF
It showed mitogenic activity similar to PEDF peptides (eg, 29-mer, 24-mer, and 20-mer).

(Example 4.3)

(Sustained release of PEDF peptide promotes TSC proliferation after tendon injury in vivo)

To examine whether in vivo TSC proliferation is promoted by the sustained release formulation of the present invention during the tendon wound healing process, specimens obtained from animals in different experimental groups of Example 4.1 were stained for nucleostemin. (green). For quantitative analysis, 10 randomly selected microscopic fields in each experimental group were photographed and the percentage of nucleostemin positive cells per total cell (Hoechst 33258; counterstained with blue) was calculated. The quantitative results are summarized in Table 9.
Table 9

These data revealed that the levels of nucleostemin positive TSC cells in animals treated with 29-mer, 24-mer, or 20-mer were increased compared to the blank and bolus control groups. In summary, the results from Examples 4.1 and 4.3 show that the in vivo proliferation of TSC promoted by administration of the sustained release formulation of the present invention was consistent with a more prominent tendon healing effect compared to spontaneous healing. Suggested.

(Example 4.4)

(PEDF peptide induces tendon cell-like cell production from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC))

Recently, it has been established that functional tendons can be regenerated using adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In this example, BM-MSCs are cultured in a control medium or a medium containing PEDF 29-mer or 20-mer, and the ability of the PEDF peptide of the present invention to promote BM-MSC differentiation into tendon cells. Examined. The tenomodulin gene (TNMD) is a gene that is predominantly expressed in tendons and is considered the most reliable phenotypic marker for tendon cell lineages. Therefore, tendon cell differentiation
Evaluation was based on the expression of TNMD. A representative image from RT-PCR analysis was provided in FIG.

This result revealed that the PEDF peptide (29-mer or 20-mer) of the present invention is an effective inducer of tendon cell-like cell differentiation in cultured BM-MSC. Since BM-MSC mobilization and differentiation is a proposed mechanism of in vivo tendon repair, this finding suggests that the PEDF peptide of the present invention can be used to promote tendon differentiation of BM-MSC into tendon cells. It suggested that the damage could be repaired. This also showed the potential of the PEDF peptides of the present invention to promote the synthesis of artificial tendons from BM-MSC scaffold matrix cultures.

In conclusion, the data presented in Example 4 (including Examples 4.1 to 4.4) show that the PEDF peptide of the present invention is a well-organized collagen (particularly type I collagen) fibril synthesis and tendon stem cell Effective in promoting proliferation and, therefore, the PEDF peptides of the invention (particularly the PDFs of the invention).
It was demonstrated that administration of a sustained release formulation containing any of the EDF peptides would promote the tendon regeneration process and promote the structural and functional recovery of tendon tissue. The disclosure of the present invention is:
It is the first discovery and disclosure that short PEDF fragments (at least 29-mer and 20-mer) are capable of promoting tendon regeneration and differentiation of BM-MSCs into tendon cells.

In summary, the results from the previous examples show that the synthetic PEDF peptides of the present invention (29-mer, 24-mer, 2
0-mer, Mo 29-mer, and Mo 20-mer) promote arterial formation within or adjacent to ischemic area, muscle and tendon regeneration within or adjacent to damaged area Established that you can. Thus, the synthetic PEDF peptides of the present invention are suitable for use as therapeutics to promote muscle and tendon wound healing and reduce ischemic damage.

It will be appreciated that the above description of the embodiments is given for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications can be made by those skilled in the art. The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the structure and use of exemplary embodiments of the invention. While various embodiments of the invention have been described above with some specificity or with respect to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in the art will depart from the spirit and scope of the invention. Rather, many modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments.

Claims (30)

A synthetic peptide for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration in a subject, the length of which is 20 to 39 amino acid residues, and consists of an amino acid sequence having at least 80% amino acid sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 1. The synthetic peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence comprises at least 20 consecutive residues having at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 11-30 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The synthetic peptide of claim 1, wherein at least 4 consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. A pharmaceutical composition for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration in a subject, comprising an effective amount of the synthetic peptide of claim 1; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a polymer material selected from the group consisting of alginic acid, gelatin, collagen, and poly (lactide-co-glycolide).   5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4, wherein the polymer material is alginic acid.   4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the synthetic peptide is present in an amount of 1-100 μM.   7. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, wherein the synthetic peptide is present in an amount of 10 μM. 4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein at least 4 consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. A method for promoting muscle or tendon regeneration within or adjacent to a damaged area of a subject comprising:
An effective amount of the synthetic peptide of claim 1 is administered to the subject to a treatment area adjacent to the damaged area, thereby providing muscle or tendon regeneration within or adjacent to the damaged area of the subject. Said method comprising promoting. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein at least 4 consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the synthetic peptide is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising the synthetic peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.   12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is alginic acid. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the synthetic peptide is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of 10 μM.   12. The method of claim 11, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject via intramuscular injection. The subject according to claim 9, wherein the subject suffers from muscle damage, muscle disuse, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tendon injury, tissue ischemia, cerebral ischemia, peripheral arterial disease, or myocardial infarction. Method. A synthetic peptide for promoting arteriogenesis in a subject, the length of which is 20-39 amino acid residues, and comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% amino acid identity to SEQ ID NO: 1, Said synthetic peptide wherein the sequence comprises at least 20 consecutive residues having at least 90% amino acid sequence identity to residues 11-30 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 17. The synthetic peptide of claim 16, wherein at least four consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 17. A pharmaceutical composition for promoting arteriogenesis in a subject, comprising an effective amount of the synthetic peptide of claim 16; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a polymeric material selected from the group consisting of alginic acid, gelatin, collagen, and poly (lactide-co-glycolide).   20. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 19, wherein the polymeric material is alginic acid.   19. A pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, wherein the synthetic peptide is present in an amount of 1-100 [mu] M.   The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 21, wherein the synthetic peptide is present in an amount of 10 μM. 19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 18, wherein at least 4 consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. A method for promoting arteriogenesis within or adjacent to an ischemic region of a subject comprising:
17. An effective amount of the synthetic peptide of claim 16 is administered to the subject in a treatment area adjacent to the ischemic area, thereby promoting arteriogenesis within or adjacent to the ischemic area of the subject. Said method. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein at least 4 consecutive residues of the synthetic peptide are identical to residues 11-14 of SEQ ID NO: 1. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the synthetic peptide is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition comprising the synthetic peptide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.   27. The method of claim 26, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is alginic acid. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the synthetic peptide is present in the pharmaceutical composition in an amount of 10 [mu] M.   27. The method of claim 26, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject via intramuscular injection. 25. The subject according to claim 24, wherein the subject suffers from muscle injury, muscle disuse, muscular dystrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tendon injury, tissue ischemia, cerebral ischemia, peripheral arterial disease, or myocardial infarction. Method.

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