JP2017150810A - Cooling method for hydrogen gas and cooling system for hydrogen gas - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the size of a heat exchanger, secure cooling treatment amount of hydrogen gas, reduce use amount of brine used for cooling the hydrogen gas, suppress an increase in energy required for cooling the brine and sufficiently cool the hydrogen gas.SOLUTION: In a cooling method for hydrogen gas, a heat exchanger 10 including a laminate 26 in which first substrates 38 having first flow passages 32 arranged therein and second substrates 40 having second flow passages 34 arranged therein are laminated is prepared. In a cooling process of cooling hydrogen gas by exchanging heat between the hydrogen gas flowing in the first flow passages 32 and brine flowing in the second flow passages 34, the hydrogen gas is introduced to each of the first flow passages 32 and the brine is introduced to each of the second flow passages 34, so that the hydrogen gas flows from one side to the other side in a specific direction and the brine flows from the other side to one side, and a temperature and flow rate of the brine introduced to each of the second flow passages 34 are controlled so that a temperature of the brine at a second discharge port 34b is higher than that of the hydrogen gas at a first discharge port 52.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydrogen gas cooling method and a hydrogen gas cooling system.

  In a hydrogen station that supplies hydrogen gas to a fuel cell vehicle, the hydrogen gas is compressed to a high pressure before filling in order to increase the efficiency of filling the fuel cell vehicle with hydrogen gas. When filling the compressed hydrogen gas into the tank of the fuel cell vehicle, compression heat is generated as the pressure in the tank rises, so the pressure was increased at the hydrogen station to avoid the temperature rise of the tank due to the compression heat. The hydrogen gas is cooled before being supplied to the fuel cell vehicle. Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 below disclose examples of a cooling method and a cooling system for cooling hydrogen gas before supply to such a fuel cell vehicle.

  In the following Patent Document 1, a container having a filling tank filled with a heat transfer medium containing metal powder, and a gas flow path and a heat transfer medium flow path which are drawn into the filling tank from the outside of the container and form a spiral shape A cooling system comprising a heat exchanger with The gas flow path and the heat transfer medium flow path are arranged in close proximity to each other. Hydrogen gas flows through the gas flow path, and a low-temperature heat transfer medium different from the heat transfer medium filled in the filling tank flows through the heat transfer medium flow path. Hydrogen gas is cooled by exchanging heat directly with the heat transfer medium flowing through the heat transfer medium flow path or through the heat transfer medium in the filling tank while flowing through the gas flow path.

  Further, in Patent Document 2 below, a cooling system including a heat exchanger having a double pipe for circulating hydrogen gas and a refrigerant is used. In this cooling system, in order to improve heat transfer efficiency, a double pipe with the same pressure in the hydrogen supply path and the refrigerant supply path is used to reduce the wall thickness of the inner pipe that forms the boundary between the two supply paths. To reduce the heat transfer resistance of the heat exchanger and downsize the heat exchanger.

JP 2010-121657 A JP 2011-80495 A

  In the hydrogen gas cooling method disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to fill a filling tank with a large amount of heat transfer medium, and the amount of heat transfer medium used increases. In addition, since the heat resistance of a large amount of heat transfer medium filled in the filling tank is large, in order to sufficiently cool the hydrogen gas by this cooling method, the heat transfer medium flowing through the heat transfer medium flow path is set to a lower temperature. And the energy required to cool the heat transfer medium increases.

  On the other hand, in the hydrogen gas cooling method disclosed in Patent Document 2, although the amount of refrigerant used as a heat transfer medium can be reduced compared to the cooling method of Patent Document 1, the amount of cooling treatment of hydrogen gas is reduced. In order to increase, for example, it is necessary to increase the number of double tubes. When increasing the number of double tubes, the heat exchanger becomes larger. In addition, in Patent Document 2 described above, in order to improve heat transfer efficiency, it is shown that the pressures of the hydrogen supply path and the refrigerant supply path are set to the same level, but in reality, high-pressure hydrogen gas is supplied to the fuel cell vehicle. When filling, the pressure of hydrogen gas changes every moment. For this reason, even if the pressure control of the hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen supply path is performed, the differential pressure between the hydrogen supply path and the refrigerant supply path actually increases. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the wall thickness of the pipe having a safety factor in consideration of this increasing differential pressure. For this reason, the wall thickness of the tube must eventually be increased, resulting in an increase in the thermal resistance of the tube. In this case, unless the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant supply path in the outer pipe is cooled to a lower temperature, the hydrogen gas flowing through the hydrogen supply path in the inner pipe cannot be sufficiently cooled, and the energy required for cooling the refrigerant increases. To do.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and its object is to achieve heat transfer used for cooling hydrogen gas while simultaneously reducing the size of the heat exchanger and securing the cooling amount of hydrogen gas. It is to reduce the amount of brine used as a medium, suppress an increase in energy required for cooling the brine, and sufficiently cool the hydrogen gas.

  In order to achieve the above object, a method for cooling hydrogen gas according to the present invention is a method for cooling hydrogen gas using brine, which is a non-evaporable antifreeze, and includes a plurality of first channels that are fine channels. A heat exchanger including a laminate in which a first layer in which a plurality of second flow paths are arranged and a second layer in which a plurality of second flow paths are arranged is stacked, the plurality of second flow paths being The second flow path of one group arranged on one side from the center in the width direction of the second layer, and the second flow of the other group arranged on the other side from the center in the width direction of the second layer. A second channel of the one group includes a portion that linearly extends from a center side in the width direction of the second layer to an edge side on the one side in the width direction of the second layer; A meandering shape in which a portion that is folded back from the portion and linearly extends to the center side in the width direction of the second layer is repeatedly provided; The second flow path of the other group is a portion extending linearly from the center side in the width direction of the second layer to the other edge side in the width direction of the second layer, and folded back from the portion and A step of preparing a meandering shape in which a portion extending linearly toward the center side in the width direction of the second layer is prepared, hydrogen gas is circulated in each of the first flow paths, and each of the second layers. A cooling step of cooling the hydrogen gas by circulating a brine having a temperature lower than that of the hydrogen gas through the flow path and exchanging heat between the hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path and the brine flowing through the second flow path. And in the cooling step, the hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path is directed from one side to the other side in a specific direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer, and the second flow path. The brine flowing through the specific direction A shape in which hydrogen gas is introduced into each first flow path from the other side to the one side and brine is introduced into each second flow path so that the hydrogen gas is meandered in each first flow path. And the brine is circulated to the second flow path along the meandering shape of each second flow path, and the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the second flow path is The temperature and flow rate of the brine introduced into each second flow path are controlled so as to be higher than the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the first flow path.

  In this hydrogen gas cooling method, heat exchange is performed between hydrogen gas flowing in each first flow path, which is a fine flow path, and brine flowing in each second flow path, which is a fine flow path, in a stack of heat exchangers. Therefore, the hydrogen gas is cooled by the conventional method of cooling the hydrogen gas by heat exchange through the heat transfer medium filled in the filling tank, and the heat between the refrigerant and the hydrogen gas in the conventional double pipe. Compared with the method of cooling hydrogen gas by exchange, the efficiency of heat exchange with hydrogen gas per unit volume of brine increases, and as a result, the cooling efficiency of hydrogen gas per unit volume of brine can be increased. In addition, the temperature of the hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path decreases as it goes downstream, and the brine that flows through the second flow path increases in temperature toward the downstream side, that is, the inlet side of the hydrogen gas in the first flow path. In the hydrogen gas cooling method, the hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path is directed from one side to the other side in a specific direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of each layer of the laminate, and the brine flowing through each second flow path is the other side. In order to introduce hydrogen gas into each first flow path and to introduce brine into each second flow path from the first flow path toward the one side, the hydrogen gas flows into the second flow path as it flows downstream through the first flow path. Heat can be exchanged with cooler brine upstream of the path. For this reason, the cooling efficiency of hydrogen gas can be improved more. Furthermore, in this hydrogen gas cooling method, the brine introduced into each second flow path so that the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the second flow path is higher than the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the first flow path. In order to control the temperature and the flow rate, the brine flow rate (unit) from the brine to the hydrogen gas is compared with the case where the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the second channel is equal to or lower than the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the first channel. The cold energy per volume) increases, and the hydrogen gas can be cooled more effectively. As described above, in this cooling method, the cooling efficiency of hydrogen gas can be increased. Therefore, even if the amount of brine used is reduced or the brine is not cooled to an excessively low temperature, sufficient hydrogen gas can be obtained. Can be cooled to. In addition, since a plurality of first flow paths that are fine flow paths and a plurality of second flow paths that are fine flow paths can be integrated in the stack of heat exchangers, hydrogen can be reduced while miniaturizing the heat exchanger. A sufficient amount of gas cooling can be ensured. Therefore, in this cooling method, while reducing the size of the heat exchanger and ensuring the amount of hydrogen gas cooling, the amount of brine used for cooling the hydrogen gas is reduced and the energy required for cooling the brine is increased. The hydrogen gas can be sufficiently cooled.

  In addition, in this hydrogen gas cooling method, for example, the number of channels provided per layer is reduced compared to the case where the channels are formed in a straight line, but the length of each channel can be increased. And the heat transfer area of the first channel and the second channel in the laminate can be sufficiently secured. Further, since the number of flow paths provided per layer is reduced, the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through each flow path can be increased even when the total flow rate of the fluid flowing through these flow paths is the same. Generally, when the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through the flow path increases, the fluid turbulence in the flow path increases, and as a result, the heat transfer performance improves. Therefore, in this hydrogen gas cooling method, the flow rate of the hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path and the brine flowing through each second flow path are ensured while ensuring a sufficient heat transfer area between the first flow path and the second flow path. Therefore, the heat transfer performance between the hydrogen gas and the brine can be improved, and the hydrogen gas can be cooled more effectively.

  In the hydrogen gas cooling method, in the cooling step, the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the second flow path is 10 ° C. higher than the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the second flow path. It is preferable to control the flow rate of the brine introduced into the two flow paths.

  According to this configuration, the brine to each second flow path that can sufficiently increase the cold heat given from the brine flowing through the second flow path to the hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path in the stack of heat exchangers. The specific conditions of the introduction flow rate can be set.

  In the hydrogen gas cooling method, in the cooling step, the temperature of the brine introduced into each of the second flow paths may be controlled so that the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the second flow path is −40 ° C. preferable.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to set the temperature condition of the brine to be introduced into each second flow path capable of effectively cooling the hydrogen gas while suppressing hydrogen embrittlement of the stacked body of the heat exchanger.

  A hydrogen gas cooling system according to the present invention is a cooling system that cools hydrogen gas using brine, which is a non-evaporable antifreeze, and the brine circulates between the refrigerator that cools the brine and the refrigerator. A heat exchanger that is connected to the refrigerator and cools the hydrogen gas by heat exchange with the brine supplied from the refrigerator, and the brine cooled by the refrigerator is the heat exchanger The heat exchanger is a fine channel having a first layer in which a plurality of first channels, which are fine channels through which hydrogen gas is introduced and flowing, and a brine being introduced and flows. A stack having a second layer in which a plurality of second flow paths are arranged is stacked, and heat is generated between hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path and brine flowing through the second flow path. The plurality of second flow paths are exchanged, The second flow path of one group disposed on one side from the center in the width direction of the second layer, and the second flow path of the other group disposed on the other side from the center in the width direction of the second layer. The second flow path of the one group includes a portion that linearly extends from a center side in the width direction of the second layer to an edge side on the one side in the width direction of the second layer; And the second flow path of the other group has a meandering shape in which a portion that is folded back and linearly extends toward the center in the width direction of the second layer is provided. A portion that linearly extends from the center side in the direction to the other edge side in the width direction of the second layer, and a portion that is folded back from the portion and extends linearly toward the center side in the width direction of the second layer. Has a meandering shape repeatedly provided, and the hydrogen gas inlet and outlet of each of the first flow paths are introduced from the inlet. The hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path is arranged so as to go from one side to the other side in a specific direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer, and the brine inlet of each second flow path And the outlet is arranged so that the brine introduced from the inlet and flowing through the second flow path is directed from the other side to the one side in the specific direction, and the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the second flow path is The temperature of the brine that the refrigerator supplies to each of the second channels is controlled so that the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the first channel is higher, and the pump is supplied to each of the second channels. Control the flow rate of brine to be sent out.

  In this hydrogen gas cooling system, for the same reason as the above hydrogen gas cooling method, the amount of brine used for cooling the hydrogen gas while at the same time reducing the size of the heat exchanger and securing the cooling processing amount of the hydrogen gas. , The increase in energy required for cooling the brine can be suppressed, and the hydrogen gas can be sufficiently cooled.

  In addition, in this hydrogen gas cooling system, for example, the number of channels provided per layer is reduced compared to the case where the channels are formed in a straight line, but the length of each channel can be increased. And the heat transfer area of the first channel and the second channel in the laminate can be sufficiently secured. Further, since the number of flow paths provided per layer is reduced, the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through each flow path can be increased even when the total flow rate of the fluid flowing through these flow paths is the same. Generally, when the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through the flow path increases, the fluid turbulence in the flow path increases, and as a result, the heat transfer performance improves. Therefore, in this hydrogen gas cooling system, the flow rate of the hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path and the brine flowing through each second flow path are ensured while ensuring a sufficient heat transfer area between the first flow path and the second flow path. Therefore, the heat transfer performance between the hydrogen gas and the brine can be improved, and the hydrogen gas can be cooled more effectively.

  In the hydrogen gas cooling system, the pump is configured so that the brine is flown at a flow rate at which the brine temperature at the outlet of the second flow path is 10 ° C. or higher than the brine temperature at the inlet of the second flow path. It is preferable to send the brine so as to flow through the second flow path.

  According to this configuration, the flow rate of the brine in the pump capable of sufficiently increasing the cold heat given from the brine flowing through the second flow path to the hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path in the stack of heat exchangers Can be set automatically.

  In the hydrogen gas cooling system, the refrigerator may control the temperature of the brine supplied to each of the second flow paths so that the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the second flow path becomes −40 ° C. preferable.

  According to this configuration, it is possible to specifically set the cooling temperature of the brine in the refrigerator capable of effectively cooling the hydrogen gas while suppressing hydrogen embrittlement of the stacked body of the heat exchanger.

  As described above, according to the present invention, while reducing both the size of the heat exchanger and ensuring the amount of hydrogen gas cooling, the amount of brine used for cooling the hydrogen gas is reduced and the cooling of the brine is reduced. The increase in energy required for this can be suppressed, and the hydrogen gas can be sufficiently cooled.

It is a mimetic diagram showing the whole hydrogen gas cooling system composition by one embodiment of the present invention. It is the front view which looked at the heat exchanger used for the cooling system of hydrogen gas by one embodiment of the present invention from the one side in the substrate lamination direction. It is the side view which looked at the heat exchanger shown in FIG. 2 from the right side in FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view of the laminated body of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. It is a schematic plan view of the 1st board | substrate which forms a 1st flow path in the laminated body of the heat exchanger shown in FIG. It is a schematic plan view of the 2nd board | substrate which forms a 2nd flow path in the laminated body of the heat exchanger shown in FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  First, with reference to FIGS. 1-6, the structure of the cooling system used for the cooling method of the hydrogen gas by one Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.

  This cooling system is used, for example, to cool hydrogen gas supplied to the fuel cell vehicle 90 (see FIG. 1) at a hydrogen station. In the hydrogen station, in order to increase the charging efficiency of the hydrogen gas into the fuel cell vehicle 90, the hydrogen gas is compressed to a high pressure and then supplied to the fuel cell vehicle 90, and compression heat is generated as the hydrogen gas is compressed. . The cooling system according to the present embodiment cools the compressed high-pressure hydrogen gas to a low temperature before filling the fuel cell vehicle 90 in order to avoid the temperature rise of the hydrogen gas due to the compression heat.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cooling system of the present embodiment includes a refrigerator 2, a tank 4, a first pump 6, a second pump 8, and a heat exchanger 10.

  The refrigerator 2 cools the brine and has a function of controlling the temperature of the brine. Brine is a non-evaporable antifreeze and, for example, ethylene glycol water, a fluorine-based liquid, or the like is used. The refrigerator 2 has an introduction part 2a into which brine heated by heat exchange with the heat exchanger 10 is introduced, and a discharge part 2b that discharges the brine after the refrigerator 2 is cooled. The refrigerator 2 heats the brine introduced into the refrigerator 2 from the introduction unit 2a with a refrigerant such as a low-temperature alternative chlorofluorocarbon, thereby cooling the brine and discharging the cooled brine to the discharge unit 2b. Discharge from. The refrigerator 2 is configured to be able to change the temperature of the refrigerant, and controls the temperature after cooling the brine by changing the temperature of the refrigerant. For example, a brine of −30 ° C. is introduced into the refrigerator 2, and the brine is cooled to, for example, −40 ° C. or lower.

  The tank 4 is for storing brine. In the tank 4, the cooled brine storage chamber 12 for storing the cooled brine discharged from the refrigerator 2 and the heat exchange for storing the heat-exchanged brine discharged from the heat exchanger 10 are stored. A rear brine storage chamber 14 is provided. The post-cooling brine storage chamber 12 is connected to the discharge section 2b of the refrigerator 2 through a pipe 18 and is connected to a supply header 28 (to be described later) of the heat exchanger 10 through a pipe 20. The post-heat exchange brine storage chamber 14 is connected to a discharge header 30 (to be described later) of the heat exchanger 10 via a pipe 22 and connected to the introduction part 2 a of the refrigerator 2 via a pipe 24. A partition wall 16 is provided between the post-cooling brine storage chamber 12 and the post-heat exchange brine storage chamber 14, and the cooled brine stored in the post-cooling brine storage chamber 12 and the post-heat exchange brine storage chamber 14 and the brine after heat exchange stored in 14 are not mixed. Further, the partition wall 16 is formed of a highly heat insulating material, and heat exchange occurs between the brine stored in the brine storage chamber 12 after cooling and the brine stored in the brine storage chamber 14 after heat exchange. Is prevented.

  The first pump 6 is provided in a pipe 20 connected to the outlet of the post-cooling brine storage chamber 12, and sucks the brine stored in the post-cooling brine storage chamber 12 and sends it out to the heat exchanger 10. The first pump 6 is configured to be able to change the flow rate of brine per unit time.

  The second pump 8 is provided in a pipe 24 connected to the outlet of the brine storage chamber 14 after heat exchange, and sucks the brine stored in the brine storage chamber 14 after heat exchange and sends it to the introduction part 2a of the refrigerator 2. To do. The second pump 8 is configured to be able to change the brine delivery flow rate per unit time.

  The heat exchanger 10 cools the hydrogen gas compressed by the compressor 100 to a high pressure by exchanging heat with the low-temperature brine. This heat exchanger 10 has a large number of microchannels (microchannels), and is a so-called microchannel heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between the fluids while circulating the fluids through the microchannels. It is.

  The heat exchanger 10 includes a laminated body 26 in which a large number of flow paths are provided, a supply header 28 for supplying brine to a second flow path 34 described later in the stacked body 26, and a second flow described later. And a discharge header 30 for discharging brine from the path 34.

  The laminated body 26 has a rectangular parallelepiped outer shape. In the laminated body 26, as shown in FIG. 4, a large number of first flow paths 32 that are microchannels (fine flow paths) and a large number of second flow paths 34 that are microchannels (fine flow paths) Is provided. The first flow path 32 circulates hydrogen gas, and the second flow path 34 circulates brine for cooling the hydrogen gas.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the stacked body 26 is formed by a plurality of first substrates 38, a plurality of second substrates 40, and a pair of end plates 42. Specifically, the first substrate 38 and the second substrate 40 are alternately and repeatedly stacked, and a pair of end plates 42 are separately stacked at both ends in the stacking direction to form the stacked body 26. In the stacked body 26, the second substrate 40 is stacked on both sides of the first substrate 38 in the thickness direction. A plurality of first flow paths 32 are arranged on each first substrate 38, and a plurality of second flow paths 34 are arranged on each second substrate 40. Each of the substrates 38 and 40 is a thin flat plate made of, for example, stainless steel. The laminated substrates 38 and 40 are integrated by diffusion-bonding their plate surfaces that are in contact with each other. The first substrate 38 is an example of the first layer of the present invention, and the second substrate 40 is an example of the second layer of the present invention.

  A plurality of first channel grooves 48 for forming a plurality of first channels 32 are formed on one plate surface (see FIG. 5) in the thickness direction of each first substrate 38. In FIG. 5, the entire outer shape of the plurality of first flow path grooves 48 formed on the first substrate 38 is shown, and illustration of each of the first flow path grooves 48 is omitted. However, a plurality of first channel grooves 48 are arranged in parallel in the outer shape shown in FIG. The openings of the plurality of first flow channel grooves 48 on the one plate surface of the first substrate 38 are sealed with the second substrate 40 stacked on the plate surface, so that one plate surface side is closed. A plurality of first flow paths 32 are formed along the one plate surface while being arranged.

  Hydrogen gas is supplied to each first flow path 32 at a position near one end in the longitudinal direction of the first substrate 38 (near the upper end of the laminate 26) and near one end in the width direction of the first substrate 38 in the stacked body 26. A first introduction port 50 for introduction is formed. The first introduction port 50 is an example of the inlet of the first flow path according to the present invention. The first introduction port 50 is formed by a through hole that penetrates each of the substrates 38 and 40 and one end plate 42 of the pair of end plates 42 at the same position and communicates in the thickness direction. Accordingly, the first introduction port 50 is a hole that is continuous in the stacking direction of the substrates 38 and 40 and opens on the front surface of the one end plate 42. The plurality of first flow paths 32 formed on each first substrate 38 are all connected to the first introduction port 50. That is, the first introduction port 50 is a hydrogen gas introduction port common to all the first flow paths 32 provided in the stacked body 26.

  In the laminated body 26, the first substrate 38 is disposed at a position near the end opposite to the first introduction port 50 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction of the first substrate 38 to discharge the hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow paths 32. One discharge port 52 is formed. This 1st discharge port 52 is an example of the exit of the 1st flow path by this invention. Similar to the first introduction port 50, the first discharge port 52 is formed by a through hole that passes through the substrates 38 and 40 and the one end plate 42 in the same direction in the thickness direction. Further, the first discharge port 52 is a hydrogen gas discharge port common to all the first flow paths 32 provided in the stacked body 26, similarly to the first introduction port 50.

  The first flow path 32 is a portion extending linearly from one side to the other side in the width direction of the first substrate 38 between the first introduction port 50 and the first discharge port 52, and is folded back from the portion. Each substrate 38 has a meandering shape in which a portion extending linearly from the other side in the width direction to the one side is repeatedly provided.

  A plurality of second channel grooves 54 for forming a plurality of second channels 34 are formed on one plate surface (see FIG. 6) in the thickness direction of each second substrate 40. 6 shows the overall outer shape of the plurality of second flow path grooves 54 formed on the second substrate 40, as in FIG. 5, and the illustration of the second flow path grooves 54 one by one is shown. Is omitted, but a plurality of second channel grooves 54 are arranged in parallel in the outer shape shown in FIG. The openings of the plurality of second flow channel grooves 54 on the one plate surface of the second substrate 40 are sealed with the first substrate 38 stacked on the plate surface, so that one plate surface side is closed. A plurality of second flow paths 34 are formed along the one plate surface while being arranged.

  The plurality of second flow paths 34 formed on each second substrate 40 is divided into two systems. Specifically, the plurality of second flow paths 34 include one group of second flow paths 34 arranged on one side from the center in the width direction of the second substrate 40, and the width direction of the second substrate 40. It is comprised by the 2nd flow path 34 of the other group arrange | positioned on the other side from the center. The second flow path 34 of the one group is folded back from the portion extending linearly from the center side in the width direction of the second substrate 40 to the edge side on the one side in the width direction of the second substrate 40. Thus, the second substrate 40 has a meandering shape in which a portion extending linearly toward the center in the width direction is repeatedly provided. The second flow path 34 of the other group has a meandering shape that is symmetrical with respect to the center of the second flow path 34 of the one group and the second substrate 40 in the width direction.

  One end of each second flow path 34 formed on the second substrate 40 is an end surface on one side in the longitudinal direction of the stacked body 26 along the longitudinal direction of the second substrate 40, specifically, the first discharge port 52 is provided. It opens at the end surface on the side where it is disposed. These openings serve as second introduction ports 34 a for introducing brine into each second flow path 34. The 2nd inlet 34a is an example of the entrance of the 2nd channel by the present invention. The end of each second flow path 34 formed on the second substrate 40 on the side opposite to the second introduction port 34a is the end surface on the other side in the longitudinal direction of the laminate 26 along the longitudinal direction of the second substrate 40, specifically Is open at the end surface on the side where the first introduction port 50 is disposed. These openings serve as second discharge ports 34 b for discharging the brine from the second flow paths 34. The 2nd discharge port 34b is an example of the exit of the 2nd flow path by this invention.

  In the stacked body 26 configured as described above, formation of a portion extending linearly in the width direction of the first substrate 38 among the plurality of first flow paths 32 arranged on one plate surface side of the first substrate 38. The region and the formation region of a portion extending linearly in the width direction of the second substrate 40 among the plurality of second flow paths 34 arranged on one plate surface side of the second substrate 40 are defined as the regions of the substrates 38 and 40. They overlap and match each other when viewed from the stacking direction. The heat exchanger 10 (laminate 26) has the first inlet 50 and the second outlet 34b located on the upper side, the first outlet 52 and the second inlet 34a located on the lower side, and It arrange | positions so that the longitudinal direction (longitudinal direction of each board | substrate 38,40) of the laminated body 26 may correspond with an up-down direction. That is, in the stacked body 26 of the heat exchanger 10, the first introduction port 50 and the first discharge port 52 of each first flow path 32 are introduced from the first introduction port 50, and each first flow path 32 passes through the first flow path 32. The hydrogen gas flowing toward the discharge port 52 is generally arranged so as to go from the upper side to the lower side in the vertical direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first substrate 38 and the second substrate 40. Moreover, the second introduction port 34a and the second discharge port 34b of each second flow path 34 are introduced from the second introduction port 34a, and the brine that flows to the second discharge port 34b side through each second flow path 34 is generally. Are arranged so as to be directed from the lower side to the upper side in the vertical direction.

  The supply header 28 is attached to the end surface of the stacked body 26 where the second introduction port 34a is formed. A pipe 20 (see FIG. 1) is connected to the supply header 28, and the brine sent from the first pump 6 is supplied through the pipe 20. In the supply header 28, an internal space through which the supplied brine passes is provided, and this internal space is provided in a state where all the second headers provided in the stacked body 26 with the supply header 28 attached to the stacked body 26. The second introduction port 34a of the two flow paths 34 is communicated. That is, the brine supplied to the supply header 28 is distributed and introduced from the internal space to the second inlets 34 a of the second flow paths 34.

  The discharge header 30 is attached to the end surface of the stacked body 26 where the second discharge port 34b is formed. A pipe 22 (see FIG. 1) is connected to the discharge header 30. In the discharge header 30, an internal space that communicates with the second discharge ports 34 b of all the second flow paths 34 provided in the stacked body 26 is provided in a state where the discharge header 30 is attached to the stacked body 26. ing. The brine that has flowed through each of the second flow paths 34 flows out from the second discharge port 34b of each of the second flow paths 34 to the internal space of the discharge header 30, and is discharged from the internal space to the pipe 22. Yes.

  Connected to the supply header 28 is a brine inlet temperature detector 60 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) for detecting the temperature of the brine introduced into the second inlet 34a of the second flow path 34, and the discharge header 30. A brine outlet temperature detector 62 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) for detecting the temperature of the brine discharged from the second outlet 34b of the second flow path 34 is connected to the second outlet 34b. Further, a hydrogen gas outlet temperature detector 64 (see FIGS. 1 and 2) for detecting the temperature of the hydrogen gas discharged from the first discharge port 52 is connected to the first discharge port 52 of the first flow path 32. Has been. The detected temperature data of the brine inlet temperature detector 60, the brine outlet temperature detector 62, and the hydrogen gas outlet temperature detector 64 are input to the first pump 6, and the first pump 6 Based on the input detected temperature data, the flow rate of the brine is controlled. In addition, the detected temperature data of the brine inlet temperature detection unit 60 is input to the refrigerator 2, and the refrigerator 2 controls the cooling temperature of the brine based on the input detected temperature data. To do.

Further, the heat exchanger 10 of the cooling system according to the present embodiment sets the required heat exchange amount to Q (kW), and sets the overall heat transfer coefficient, which is a value resulting from the form of the heat exchanger, to U (kW / m ^2). ° C), the heat transfer area in the heat exchanger is A (m ² ), the brine temperature at the second inlet 34a of the second flow path 34 and the second outlet 34b of the second flow path 34 When the logarithmic average temperature obtained from the brine temperature is dT (° C.), the shape, size and number of the flow paths 32 and 34 and the substrate constituting the laminate 26 so as to satisfy the following equation (1) A structure such as the number of stacked layers of 38 and 40 is designed.

  Q = U × A × dT (1)

  Next, the method for cooling hydrogen gas according to the present embodiment will be described.

  In the method for cooling hydrogen gas according to the present embodiment, the above cooling system is prepared. Then, the refrigerator 2 (see FIG. 1) cools the brine by exchanging heat with the low-temperature refrigerant, and the cooled brine is cooled after the cooling of the tank 4 through the pipe 18 from the discharge portion 2b. Sent to. The brine introduced into the brine storage chamber 12 after cooling is temporarily stored in the storage chamber 12 and discharged to the pipe 20 by the suction force of the first pump 6. The brine is sent to the heat exchanger 10 by the first pump 6 and passes through the internal space of the supply header 28 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) to each second flow path 34 (see FIG. 6) in the laminate 26. The second introduction port 34a is introduced.

  The refrigerator 2 controls the cooling temperature of the brine so that the temperature of the brine at the second introduction port 34a becomes −40 ° C. Specifically, the refrigerator 2 controls the cooling temperature of the brine by adjusting the temperature of the refrigerant so that the temperature detected by the brine inlet temperature detection unit 60 becomes −40 ° C.

  The brine introduced into each second channel 34 flows through the second channel 34 from the second inlet 34a toward the second outlet 34b. The brine flowing through each of the second flow paths 34 generally moves from the lower side to the upper side in the vertical direction perpendicular to the stacking direction of the substrates 38 and 40 of the stacked body 26.

  On the other hand, in the compressor 100 (see FIG. 1), the hydrogen gas is compressed, and the compressed high-pressure hydrogen gas is introduced from the compressor 100 into the first inlet 50 of the heat exchanger 10. The hydrogen gas introduced into the first introduction port 50 is cooled by cooling water after being compressed by the compressor 100, and the temperature thereof is 40 ° C. Then, the hydrogen gas introduced into the first introduction port 50 is distributed and supplied to each first flow path 32 (see FIG. 5) in the stacked body 26. The hydrogen gas supplied to each first flow path 32 flows through the first flow path 32 from the first introduction port 50 side toward the first discharge port 52 side, and generally falls from the upper side in the vertical direction. Move to the side. In this process, a stack is formed between hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path 32 (see FIG. 4) and brine flowing through the second flow path 34 (see FIG. 4) adjacent to the first flow path 32. Heat exchange is performed through a portion of the body 26 located between the two flow paths 32 and 34. Thereby, hydrogen gas is cooled. At this time, the hydrogen gas gradually decreases in temperature as it flows to the downstream side (first discharge port 52 side) of each first flow path 32, and the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the first discharge port 52 becomes −37 ° C.

  On the other hand, the brine gradually increases in temperature as it flows to the downstream side (second discharge port 34b side) of each second flow path 34. The degree of temperature rise of the brine at this time varies depending on the temperature and flow rate of the brine introduced into the second flow path 34, but in this embodiment, the temperature of the brine at the second discharge port 34b is the first discharge port 52. And the temperature of the brine at the second outlet 34b is 10 ° C. higher than the temperature of the brine (−40 ° C.) at the second inlet 34a. Thus, the flow rate of the brine introduced into each second flow path 34, that is, the flow rate of the brine delivered by the first pump 6 is controlled. Specifically, the brine feed flow rate by the first pump 6 is controlled so that the temperature of the brine at the second discharge port 34b is −30 ° C.

  At this time, the control of the brine delivery flow rate by the first pump 6 includes the detection temperature by the hydrogen gas outlet temperature detection unit 64, the detection temperature by the brine inlet temperature detection unit 60, and the detection temperature by the brine outlet temperature detection unit 62. Based on. The first pump 6 compares the temperature detected by the hydrogen gas outlet temperature detector 64 with the temperature detected by the brine outlet temperature detector 62, and the detected temperature detected by the brine outlet temperature detector 62 is determined by the hydrogen gas outlet temperature detector 64. If the detected temperature is equal to or lower than the detected temperature, the brine delivery flow rate is decreased until the detected temperature by the brine outlet temperature detector 62 becomes higher than the detected temperature by the hydrogen gas outlet temperature detector 64. In addition, when the temperature difference between the temperature detected by the brine outlet temperature detector 62 and the temperature detected by the brine inlet temperature detector 60 is smaller than 10 ° C., the first pump 6 has a temperature difference of 10 ° C. or more. The brine delivery flow rate is decreased until the brine outlet flow rate detection unit 62 detects the temperature of -30 ° C.

  The cooled hydrogen gas is discharged through the first discharge ports 52 (see FIGS. 2 and 5) of the first flow paths 32 and supplied to the fuel cell vehicle 90 (see FIG. 1). On the other hand, the brine after heat exchange is discharged from the second discharge port 34b of each second flow path 34 to the pipe 22 (see FIG. 1) through the internal space of the discharge header 30, and the heat of the tank 4 is passed through the pipe 22. It is introduced into the brine storage chamber 14 after replacement and stored. The heat-exchanged brine stored in the post-heat-exchange brine storage chamber 14 is sucked through the pipe 24 by the second pump 8 and sent to the refrigerator 2 and introduced into the refrigerator 2 from the introduction part 2a. The brine after heat exchange introduced into the refrigerator 2 is cooled again and supplied from the refrigerator 2 to the heat exchanger 10.

  As described above, the method for cooling hydrogen gas according to the present embodiment is performed.

  In the present embodiment, heat exchange between hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path 32 that is a microchannel and brine flowing through each second flow path 34 that is a microchannel in the stacked body 26 of the heat exchanger 10. Since the hydrogen gas is cooled by this, the efficiency of heat exchange with the hydrogen gas per unit volume of the brine can be increased to increase the cooling efficiency of the hydrogen gas. Further, the temperature of the hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path 32 decreases as it goes downstream, and the brine flowing through the second flow path 34 increases in temperature as it goes downstream, that is, toward the first introduction port 50 side of the first flow path 32. However, in the present embodiment, the hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path 32 moves from the upper side to the lower side as a whole, and the brine flowing through each second flow path 34 from the lower side to the upper side as a whole. Therefore, the hydrogen gas can exchange heat with the cooler brine on the upstream side of the second flow path 34 as it flows downstream of the first flow path 32. For this reason, the cooling efficiency of hydrogen gas can be improved more. Further, in the present embodiment, each second temperature is set such that the temperature of the brine at the second discharge port 34 b of the second flow path 34 is higher than the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the first discharge port 52 of the first flow path 32. In order to control the temperature and flow rate of the brine introduced into the flow path 34, the temperature of the brine at the second discharge port 34 b of the second flow path 34 is the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the first discharge port 52 of the first flow path 32. Compared to the following case, the cooling heat per brine flow rate (unit volume) given from the brine to the hydrogen gas in the heat exchanger 10 increases, and the hydrogen gas can be cooled more effectively. As described above, in this embodiment, since the cooling efficiency of hydrogen gas can be increased, even if the amount of brine used is reduced, the hydrogen gas can be sufficiently supplied even if the brine is not excessively cooled to a low temperature. Can be cooled to.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since the many 1st flow paths 32 which are microchannels, and the many 2nd flow paths 34 which are microchannels can be integrated in the laminated body 26 of the heat exchanger 10, heat exchange is carried out. It is possible to secure a sufficient amount of hydrogen gas cooling while reducing the size of the vessel 10. Therefore, in the present embodiment, while reducing the size of the heat exchanger 10 and securing the amount of cooling of the hydrogen gas, the amount of brine used for cooling the hydrogen gas is reduced, and the cooling of the brine is performed by the refrigerator 2. Increase in energy required for cooling (energy required for cooling the refrigerant) can be suppressed, and hydrogen gas can be sufficiently cooled. Further, since the amount of brine used can be reduced, the energy required to drive the first pump 6 and the second pump 8 for circulating the brine between the refrigerator 2 and the heat exchanger 10 can be reduced.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, since each 1st flow path 32 and each 2nd flow path 34 are formed in the meandering shape, each board | substrate compared with the case where those flow paths are formed in linear form, for example. Although the number of flow paths 32 and 34 provided per sheet 38 and 40 is reduced, the length of each flow path 32 and 34 can be increased, and the first flow path 32 and the second flow in the laminate 26 can be increased. A sufficient heat transfer area of the passage 34 can be secured. Further, since the number of the flow paths 32 and 34 provided for each of the substrates 38 and 40 is reduced, each flow path 32 even when the total flow rate of the fluid flowing through the flow paths 32 and 34 is the same. , 34 can be increased in flow rate. Generally, when the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through the flow path increases, the fluid turbulence in the flow path increases, and as a result, the heat transfer performance improves. Therefore, in this embodiment, the flow rate of the hydrogen gas flowing through each first flow path 32 and each second flow path 34 are ensured while ensuring a sufficient heat transfer area between the first flow path 32 and the second flow path 34. The flow rate of the brine can be increased to improve the heat transfer performance between the hydrogen gas and the brine, and the hydrogen gas can be cooled more effectively.

  In the present embodiment, the temperature of the brine at the second discharge port 34b of the second flow path 34 is set to be 10 ° C. or more higher than the temperature of the brine at the second introduction port 34a of the second flow path 34. In order to control the flow rate of the brine to be introduced into each second flow path 34, the cold heat given from the brine flowing through the second flow path 34 to the hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path 32 in the heat exchanger 10 is sufficiently increased. And the cooling efficiency of hydrogen gas can be further increased.

  In the present embodiment, the heat exchange is performed in order to control the temperature of the brine introduced into each second flow path 34 so that the temperature of the brine at the second introduction port 34a of the second flow path 34 becomes −40 ° C. The hydrogen gas can be sufficiently cooled while suppressing hydrogen embrittlement of the laminate 26 of the vessel 10. Specifically, when the stainless steel, which is the material of each of the substrates 38 and 40 constituting the laminated body 26, is in contact with hydrogen gas while being cooled to a temperature lower than −40 ° C., hydrogen embrittlement may be significant. Are known. For this reason, the laminated body 26 is − by controlling the temperature of the brine introduced into each second flow path 34 so that the temperature of the brine at the second introduction port 34a becomes −40 ° C. as in the present embodiment. The temperature becomes 40 ° C. or higher, and hydrogen embrittlement can be suppressed. The hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path 32 can be sufficiently cooled while the hydrogen embrittlement of the stacked body 26 is suppressed by introducing brine at −40 ° C. into the second introduction port 34a.

  The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above description of the embodiments but by the scope of claims for patent, and further includes meanings equivalent to the scope of claims for patent and all modifications within the scope.

  For example, various shapes other than the above can be applied as the shapes of the first flow path and the second flow path. For example, the first flow path and the second flow path are not limited to those having a meandering shape that repeats folding as described above, and may be, for example, linearly extending.

  Moreover, the number of the 1st flow paths formed in one 1st board | substrate and the number of the 2nd flow paths formed in one 2nd board | substrate can be set freely. Further, the width and cross-sectional shape of each first flow path and the width and cross-sectional shape of each second flow path can also be set freely.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the 1st board | substrate with which the 1st flow path was arranged and the 2nd board | substrate with which the 2nd flow path was arranged are laminated | stacked alternately, the form of lamination | stacking is not limited to this. For example, two or more second substrates in which second flow paths for circulating brine are arranged may be stacked on one first substrate in which first flow paths for flowing hydrogen gas are arranged. .

  Further, the orientation of the heat exchanger (laminated body) is not limited to the orientation in which the longitudinal direction of the substrate coincides with the vertical direction as described above. For example, the heat exchanger (laminated body) may be arranged in a direction in which the longitudinal direction of the substrate coincides with the horizontal direction or in an oblique direction.

6 1st pump 10 heat exchanger 26 laminated body 32 1st flow path 34 2nd flow path 34a 2nd inlet (inlet)
34b Second outlet (exit)
38 First substrate (first layer)
40 Second substrate (second layer)
50 First inlet (entrance)
52 First outlet (exit)

Claims (6)

A method of cooling hydrogen gas using brine, which is a non-evaporable antifreeze,
A heat exchanger provided with a laminate in which a first layer in which a plurality of first channels that are fine channels are arranged and a second layer in which a plurality of second channels that are fine channels are arranged are laminated. The plurality of second flow paths are arranged on one side from the center in the width direction of the second layer, and the other side from the center in the width direction of the second layer. The second flow path of the other group arranged on the one side in the width direction of the second layer from the center side in the width direction of the second layer. A portion that linearly extends to an edge side, and a meandering shape in which a portion that is folded back from the portion and extends linearly toward the center in the width direction of the second layer is repeatedly provided; The second flow path includes a portion that linearly extends from the center side in the width direction of the second layer to the other edge side in the width direction of the second layer, and is folded from the portion. Preparing a material having a returned by meandering shape and extends linearly part is provided repeatedly to the center side in the width direction of the second layer,
Hydrogen gas flows through each first flow path and brine having a temperature lower than hydrogen gas flows through each second flow path, and hydrogen gas flows through the first flow path and brine flows through the second flow path. A cooling process for cooling the hydrogen gas by exchanging heat between the two,
In the cooling step, hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow paths flows from one side to the other side in a specific direction orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer and flows through the second flow paths. Hydrogen gas is introduced into each of the first flow paths and brine is introduced into each of the second flow paths so that the brine is directed from the other side to the one side in the specific direction, and hydrogen gas is introduced into each of the first flow paths. Along the meandering shape of the flow path to the first flow path and the brine to the second flow path along the meandering shape of each second flow path, at the outlet of the second flow path The method of cooling hydrogen gas, wherein the temperature and flow rate of the brine introduced into each second flow path are controlled so that the temperature of the brine in the second flow path is higher than the temperature of hydrogen gas at the outlet of the first flow path.   In the cooling step, the brine introduced into each of the second channels so that the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the second channel is at least 10 ° C. higher than the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the second channel. The method for cooling hydrogen gas according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate is controlled.   3. The hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein in the cooling step, the temperature of the brine introduced into each second flow path is controlled so that the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the second flow path becomes −40 ° C. 4. Gas cooling method. A cooling system that cools hydrogen gas using brine, which is a non-evaporable antifreeze,
A refrigerator for cooling the brine;
A heat exchanger that is connected to the refrigerator so that brine circulates between the refrigerator and cools the hydrogen gas by heat exchange with the brine supplied from the refrigerator;
A pump for sending brine cooled by the refrigerator to the heat exchanger;
The heat exchanger has a first layer in which a plurality of first flow paths that are flowed by introducing hydrogen gas and a plurality of second flow paths that are flowed by introducing brine. Having a stacked body in which the arranged second layers are stacked, heat exchange between hydrogen gas flowing through the first flow path and brine flowing through the second flow path,
The plurality of second flow paths are disposed on the other side from the center in the width direction of the second layer, and the second flow path of one group disposed on the one side from the width direction center of the second layer. A second channel of the other group,
The second flow path of the one group is folded back from a portion extending linearly from the center side in the width direction of the second layer to the edge side on the one side in the width direction of the second layer. A meandering shape in which a portion extending linearly toward the center side in the width direction of the second layer is repeatedly provided;
The second flow path of the other group is folded back from the portion extending linearly from the center side in the width direction of the second layer to the edge side on the other side in the width direction of the second layer. A meandering shape in which a portion extending linearly toward the center side in the width direction of the second layer is repeatedly provided;
The hydrogen gas inlet and outlet of each of the first flow paths is one in a specific direction in which the hydrogen gas introduced from the inlet and flowing through the first flow path is orthogonal to the stacking direction of the first layer and the second layer. Arranged from one side to the other,
The brine inlet and outlet of each of the second flow paths are arranged such that the brine introduced from the inlet and flowing through the second flow path is directed from the other side to the one side in the specific direction,
The temperature of the brine that the refrigerator supplies to each of the second flow paths is set so that the temperature of the brine at the outlet of the second flow path is higher than the temperature of the hydrogen gas at the outlet of the first flow path. A hydrogen gas cooling system that controls and controls a flow rate of brine that the pump sends to each of the second flow paths.   The pump is configured so that the brine flows through each of the second flow paths at a flow rate at which the brine temperature at the outlet of the second flow path is higher by 10 ° C. than the brine temperature at the inlet of the second flow path. The cooling system for hydrogen gas according to claim 4, wherein the brine is delivered.   The hydrogen according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the refrigerator controls the temperature of the brine supplied to each of the second flow paths so that the temperature of the brine at the inlet of the second flow path is -40 ° C. Gas cooling system.

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