JP2017142586A - Power conversion device - Google Patents

Power conversion device Download PDF

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JP2017142586A
JP2017142586A JP2016022382A JP2016022382A JP2017142586A JP 2017142586 A JP2017142586 A JP 2017142586A JP 2016022382 A JP2016022382 A JP 2016022382A JP 2016022382 A JP2016022382 A JP 2016022382A JP 2017142586 A JP2017142586 A JP 2017142586A
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power
voltage
power generation
operating point
output
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JP6706927B2 (en
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木村　友昭
Tomoaki Kimura
友昭 木村
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a power conversion device capable of reporting an absolute value of a generation reserve margin.SOLUTION: A power conversion device 20 for converting a DC power output from a solar battery 1 as a DC voltage source into an AC power, and for outputting the AC power to a connected load 2 comprises: a power calculation unit 10 for calculating a current generated power of the solar battery 1 by an output voltage and output currents from the solar battery 1; a generation reserve margin calculation unit 12 for calculating a generation reserve margin as a difference between the generatable power and current generated power of the solar battery 1; and a display unit 13 for displaying the generation reserve margin. The power conversion device may comprise a voice unit in place of the display unit 13 or together with the display unit 13.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、直流電圧源の出力を交流に変換して負荷に出力する電力変換装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a power conversion device that converts an output of a DC voltage source into an AC and outputs it to a load.

直流電圧源を交流に変換して負荷に交流電力を出力する電力変換装置の運転は、交流電力を系統へ出力する連系運転と、交流電力を負荷へ直接出力する自立運転とに分けられる。直流電圧源の一例である太陽電池の出力には最適動作点が存在し、動作点がこの最適動作点に存在するときに発電可能電力に相当する電力を出力することができる。従来の太陽電池が接続された電力変換装置では、発電可能電力に相当する電力を出力できておらず発電余力が存在する状態であってもユーザーがそれを認知することができない構成が一般的であった。   The operation of the power conversion device that converts the DC voltage source to AC and outputs AC power to the load is divided into an interconnection operation that outputs AC power to the system and a self-sustained operation that directly outputs AC power to the load. An output of a solar cell that is an example of a DC voltage source has an optimum operating point. When the operating point is present at the optimum operating point, electric power corresponding to power that can be generated can be output. Conventional power converters connected to solar cells generally have a configuration in which the user cannot recognize the power even if there is power generation surplus power that cannot output power corresponding to the power that can be generated. there were.

従来技術である特許文献１には、直流電圧源が最適動作点付近で動作しているか否かを推定し、この最適動作点と実際の動作点との関係を表示する技術が開示されている。   Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-151620, which is a conventional technique, discloses a technique for estimating whether a DC voltage source is operating near an optimum operating point and displaying the relationship between the optimum operating point and the actual operating point. .

国際公開第２０１３／１４５０７９号International Publication No. 2013/145079

しかしながら、上記の従来技術によれば、発電余力の絶対値を表示することができない。そのため、発電余力が足りないにも関わらず負荷が追加されてしまうことで消費電力が発電可能電力を超えてしまうことがある、という問題があった。   However, according to the above prior art, the absolute value of the power generation surplus cannot be displayed. For this reason, there is a problem that the power consumption may exceed the power that can be generated due to the addition of a load even though the power generation capacity is insufficient.

本発明は、上記に鑑みてなされたものであって、発電余力の絶対値を通知する電力変換装置を得ることを目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of the above, Comprising: It aims at obtaining the power converter device which notifies the absolute value of power generation surplus.

上述した課題を解決し、目的を達成するために、本発明は、直流電圧源から出力された直流電力を交流電力に変換し、接続された負荷へ交流電力を出力する電力変換装置であって、前記直流電圧源からの出力電圧及び出力電流により前記直流電圧源の現在の発電電力を演算する電力演算部と、前記直流電圧源の発電可能電力と前記現在の発電電力との差である発電余力を演算する発電余力演算部と、前記発電余力を表示する表示部とを備えることを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the present invention is a power conversion device that converts DC power output from a DC voltage source into AC power and outputs AC power to a connected load. A power calculation unit that calculates current generated power of the DC voltage source based on an output voltage and output current from the DC voltage source, and power generation that is a difference between the power that can be generated by the DC voltage source and the current generated power A power generation surplus calculation unit that calculates surplus power and a display unit that displays the power generation surplus are provided.

本発明によれば、発電余力の絶対値を通知する電力変換装置を得ることができるという効果を奏する。   Advantageous Effects of Invention According to the present invention, there is an effect that it is possible to obtain a power conversion device that notifies an absolute value of power generation surplus.

実施の形態１に係る電力変換装置とその周辺の構成の一例を示す図The figure which shows an example of the structure of the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 1, and its periphery 実施の形態１における太陽電池の特性の一例を示す図FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of the solar cell in Embodiment 1 実施の形態１における電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶを示す図The figure which shows the voltage differential value dP / dV of the electric power in Embodiment 1. 実施の形態２における太陽電池の特性の一例を示す図FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of a solar cell in a second embodiment 実施の形態１，２に係る電力変換装置内の電力演算部、ｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部、発電余力演算部及び表示部を実現するハードウェアの一般的な構成の一例を示す図The figure which shows an example of the general structure of the hardware which implement | achieves the electric power calculating part, dP / dV calculating part, power generation surplus calculating part, and display part in the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 1,2.

以下に、本発明の実施の形態に係る電力変換装置を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、この実施の形態によりこの発明が限定されるものではない。   Below, the power converter concerning an embodiment of the invention is explained in detail based on a drawing. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

実施の形態１．
図１は、本発明の実施の形態１に係る電力変換装置２０とその周辺の構成の一例を示す図である。図１には、直流電圧源である太陽電池１、交流負荷である負荷２、電力変換部３、太陽電池１の出力電圧を昇圧又は降圧する昇降圧回路４、昇降圧回路４の出力である直流電力を平滑する平滑回路５、平滑回路５で平滑された直流電力を交流電力へ変換するインバータ回路６、負荷２と電力変換部３との接続と切断とを切り替えるスイッチ回路７、太陽電池１の出力電流を計測する電流計測部８、太陽電池１の出力電圧を計測する電圧計測部９、電流計測部８による計測結果である電流計測値Ｉ及び電圧計測部９による計測結果である電圧計測値Ｖから電力Ｐを演算する電力演算部１０、微小な時間間隔での計測値である電圧Ｖ及び演算値である電力Ｐを監視しつつ前回計測時の電圧Ｖ及び電力Ｐから今回計測時の電圧Ｖ及び電力Ｐへの変化量により電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶを演算するｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部１１、電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶと電圧Ｖと電力Ｐとから発電可能電力Ｐｍを演算して発電余力Ｐｒを演算する発電余力演算部１２及び発電余力演算部１２の結果をユーザーへ通知する表示部１３が示されている。 Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the power conversion device 20 and its surroundings according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows the outputs of a solar cell 1 that is a DC voltage source, a load 2 that is an AC load, a power converter 3, a step-up / step-down circuit 4 that boosts or steps down the output voltage of the solar cell 1, and a step-up / down circuit 4. A smoothing circuit 5 that smoothes DC power, an inverter circuit 6 that converts DC power smoothed by the smoothing circuit 5 into AC power, a switch circuit 7 that switches connection and disconnection between the load 2 and the power conversion unit 3, and a solar cell 1 A current measurement unit 8 that measures the output current of the solar cell 1, a voltage measurement unit 9 that measures the output voltage of the solar cell 1, a current measurement value I that is a measurement result by the current measurement unit 8, and a voltage measurement that is a measurement result by the voltage measurement unit 9. The power calculation unit 10 that calculates the power P from the value V, the voltage V that is the measurement value at a minute time interval and the power P that is the calculation value while monitoring the voltage V and the power P at the previous measurement, Changes to voltage V and power P The dP / dV calculating unit 11 that calculates the voltage differential value dP / dV of power by calculating the power generation potential Pm by calculating the power generation potential Pm from the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power, the voltage V, and the power P. A display unit 13 for notifying the user of the results of the remaining power calculation unit 12 and the remaining power generation calculation unit 12 is shown.

次に、電力演算部１０、ｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部１１及び発電余力演算部１２が行う演算について説明する。図２は、実施の形態１における太陽電池１の特性の一例を示す図である。図２には、横軸に太陽電池１の出力電圧である電圧Ｖをとり、縦軸に太陽電池１の発電電力である電力ＰをとったＰ−Ｖ曲線と、横軸に電圧Ｖをとり、縦軸に電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶをとったＶ−ｄＰ／ｄＶ特性とが示されている。電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶは、電力Ｐの時間微分値ｄＰ／ｄｔを電圧Ｖの時間微分値ｄＶ／ｄｔで割ったものである。   Next, calculations performed by the power calculation unit 10, the dP / dV calculation unit 11, and the power generation surplus calculation unit 12 will be described. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of solar cell 1 in the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents the voltage V that is the output voltage of the solar cell 1, the vertical axis represents the power P that is the generated power of the solar cell 1, and the horizontal axis represents the voltage V. The vertical axis shows the V-dP / dV characteristic with the voltage differential value dP / dV of power taken. The voltage differential value dP / dV of power is obtained by dividing the time differential value dP / dt of power P by the time differential value dV / dt of voltage V.

太陽電池１の動作点は、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線上を動く。第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）は無負荷時の動作点である。ここで、Ｖｏｃは、太陽電池１の開放電圧である。第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）は接続された負荷２が動作している時の動作点である。ここで、Ｖｓは動作時の電圧であり、Ｐｓは動作時の電力である。第３の動作点Ｃ（Ｖｍ，Ｐｍ）は、太陽電池１の最適動作点である。ここで、Ｐｍは太陽電池１の発電可能電力であり、ＶｍはＰｍにおける電圧である。電力変換部３に負荷２を接続して動作させると、太陽電池１の動作点は、第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）から第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）まで移動する。Ｖｏｃ、Ｖｓ及びＰｓの値は、電流計測部８及び電圧計測部９によって既知である。しかしながら、動作点の位置は負荷の消費電力によって決まり、第３の動作点Ｃ（Ｖｍ，Ｐｍ）まで到達するとは限らず、Ｖｍ及びＰｍの値は未知であることが多い。発電余力Ｐｒは、ＰｍとＰｓとの差により演算される。   The operating point of the solar cell 1 moves on the PV curve. The first operating point A (Voc, 0) is an operating point at no load. Here, Voc is the open circuit voltage of the solar cell 1. The second operating point B (Vs, Ps) is an operating point when the connected load 2 is operating. Here, Vs is a voltage during operation, and Ps is a power during operation. The third operating point C (Vm, Pm) is the optimum operating point of the solar cell 1. Here, Pm is the power that can be generated by the solar cell 1, and Vm is the voltage at Pm. When the load 2 is connected to the power conversion unit 3 to operate, the operating point of the solar cell 1 moves from the first operating point A (Voc, 0) to the second operating point B (Vs, Ps). The values of Voc, Vs, and Ps are known by the current measurement unit 8 and the voltage measurement unit 9. However, the position of the operating point is determined by the power consumption of the load, and does not always reach the third operating point C (Vm, Pm), and the values of Vm and Pm are often unknown. The power generation surplus Pr is calculated by the difference between Pm and Ps.

図３は、実施の形態１における電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶを示す図である。無負荷時に負荷２を接続して動作させ、負荷２が電力を消費することにより動作点は第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）から第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）まで移動する。電流計測部８及び電圧計測部９は、微小な時間間隔で電流及び電圧の計測を行う。電力演算部１０、ｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部１１及び発電余力演算部１２は、電流計測部８及び電圧計測部９が計測した値を用いて演算を行う。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a voltage differential value dP / dV of power in the first embodiment. When no load is applied, the load 2 is connected and operated. When the load 2 consumes power, the operating point moves from the first operating point A (Voc, 0) to the second operating point B (Vs, Ps). . The current measuring unit 8 and the voltage measuring unit 9 measure current and voltage at a minute time interval. The power calculation unit 10, the dP / dV calculation unit 11, and the power generation surplus calculation unit 12 perform calculations using values measured by the current measurement unit 8 and the voltage measurement unit 9.

第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）における電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶは、電力消費開始時に動作点が第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）から微小移動したとき、電力Ｐの時間微分値ｄＰ／ｄｔを電圧Ｖの時間微分値ｄＶ／ｄｔで割ることにより演算される。これは、図３において、第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）の部分における傾きΔＰ／ΔＶを演算することと同じである。   The voltage differential value dP / dV of the power at the first operating point A (Voc, 0) is the time of the power P when the operating point moves slightly from the first operating point A (Voc, 0) at the start of power consumption. Calculation is performed by dividing the differential value dP / dt by the time differential value dV / dt of the voltage V. This is the same as calculating the slope ΔP / ΔV in the portion of the first operating point A (Voc, 0) in FIG.

また、第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）における電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶは、動作点が微小移動して第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）へ到達したとき、電力Ｐの時間微分値ｄＰ／ｄｔを電圧Ｖの時間微分値ｄＶ／ｄｔで割ることにより演算される。これも、図３において、第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）部分における傾きΔＰ／ΔＶを演算することと同じである。   Further, the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power at the second operating point B (Vs, Ps) is obtained when the operating point slightly moves and reaches the second operating point B (Vs, Ps). It is calculated by dividing the time differential value dP / dt by the time differential value dV / dt of the voltage V. This is also the same as calculating the slope ΔP / ΔV at the second operating point B (Vs, Ps) in FIG.

次に、発電余力演算部１２が発電余力Ｐｒを演算して表示部１３に表示するまでの動作について説明する。第１に、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線上の無負荷時の動作点である第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）及び電力消費時の動作点である第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）において、電圧を計測し、電力演算部１０が電力Ｐを演算し、ｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部１１が電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶを演算する。   Next, an operation until the power generation surplus calculation unit 12 calculates the power generation surplus Pr and displays it on the display unit 13 will be described. First, at a first operating point A (Voc, 0) that is an operating point when there is no load on the PV curve and a second operating point B (Vs, Ps) that is an operating point when power is consumed. The voltage is measured, the power calculation unit 10 calculates the power P, and the dP / dV calculation unit 11 calculates the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power.

第２に、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線上の最適動作点である第３の動作点Ｃ（Ｖｍ，Ｐｍ）から無負荷時の動作点である第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）までの軌跡を、上に凸の二次関数とする。ただし、第３の動作点Ｃ（Ｖｍ，Ｐｍ）において、電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶ＝０であり、ｄＰ／ｄＶ＝０となる点の電力値がＰｍである。Ｐ−Ｖ曲線を二次関数としたので、電圧Ｖと、電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶとの関係を表すグラフは図２に示すように直線で表される。   Second, the locus from the third operating point C (Vm, Pm), which is the optimum operating point on the PV curve, to the first operating point A (Voc, 0), which is the operating point when there is no load. Let us assume an upward convex quadratic function. However, at the third operating point C (Vm, Pm), the voltage differential value dP / dV = 0 of the power, and the power value at the point where dP / dV = 0 is Pm. Since the PV curve is a quadratic function, a graph representing the relationship between the voltage V and the voltage differential value dP / dV of power is represented by a straight line as shown in FIG.

図３において、二次関数Ｐ＝ｆ（Ｖ）に対し、ｆ（Ｖ）をＶについて微分した関数をｆ’（Ｖ）と表す。ここで、負荷使用時の動作点である第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）、Ｖ＝Ｖｓにおける傾きｆ’（Ｖｓ）、無負荷時の動作点である第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）及びＶ＝Ｖｏｃにおける傾きｆ’（Ｖｏｃ）は、既知である。   In FIG. 3, a function obtained by differentiating f (V) with respect to V with respect to the quadratic function P = f (V) is represented as f '(V). Here, the second operating point B (Vs, Ps) that is the operating point when using the load, the slope f ′ (Vs) at V = Vs, and the first operating point A (Voc) that is the operating point when there is no load. , 0) and the slope f ′ (Voc) at V = Voc is known.

電圧Ｖと電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶとの関係を表すグラフは直線であるので正の係数ａ，ｂを用いて、ｆ’（Ｖ）＝−ａＶ＋ｂと表すと、ｆ’（Ｖｍ）＝０からＶｍ＝ｂ／ａであり、Ｖｍ＝｛Ｖｏｃ・ｆ’（Ｖｓ）−Ｖｓ・ｆ’（Ｖｏｃ）｝／｛ｆ’（Ｖｓ）−ｆ’（Ｖｏｃ）｝と表される。正の係数ｃを用いて、二次関数Ｐ＝ｆ（Ｖ）をｆ（Ｖ）＝−ｃ（Ｖ−Ｖｍ）２＋Ｐｍと表すと、この二次関数は第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）を通るので、ｃ＝Ｐｍ／（Ｖｏｃ−Ｖｍ）２である。従って、Ｐｍ＝Ｐｓ／｛１−（Ｖｓ−Ｖｍ）２／（Ｖｏｃ−Ｖｍ）２｝である。 Since the graph representing the relationship between the voltage V and the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power is a straight line, it can be expressed as f ′ (V) = − aV + b using positive coefficients a and b, and f ′ (Vm) = From 0 to Vm = b / a, Vm = {Voc · f ′ (Vs) −Vs · f ′ (Voc)} / {f ′ (Vs) −f ′ (Voc)}}. If the quadratic function P = f (V) is expressed as f (V) = − c (V−Vm) 2 + Pm using a positive coefficient c, this quadratic function is expressed by the first operating point A (Voc, 0), c = Pm / (Voc−Vm) 2 . Therefore, Pm = Ps / {1- (Vs−Vm) 2 / (Voc−Vm) 2 }.

第３に、発電余力演算部１２が発電余力ＰｒをＰｒ＝Ｐｍ−Ｐｓと演算する。   Thirdly, the power generation surplus calculation unit 12 calculates the power generation surplus Pr as Pr = Pm−Ps.

第４に、上記のように演算した発電余力Ｐｒを表示部１３に表示する。ただし、電力変換装置２０は表示部１３に代えて音声部を備えていてもよく、図示しない音声部から発電余力Ｐｒを音声アナウンスすることでユーザーに通知してもよい。又は、発電余力Ｐｒを図示しない音声部から音声アナウンスしつつ、発電余力Ｐｒを表示部１３に表示してもよい。   Fourth, the remaining power generation Pr calculated as described above is displayed on the display unit 13. However, the power conversion device 20 may include a voice unit instead of the display unit 13, and may notify the user by voice announcement of the remaining power generation Pr from a voice unit (not shown). Alternatively, the remaining power generation Pr may be displayed on the display unit 13 while announcing the remaining power generation Pr from a sound unit (not shown).

なお、実施の形態１においては、説明を簡略化するために、無負荷時の動作点である第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）と、負荷使用時の動作点である第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）とを用いて説明したが、負荷使用時の動作点を２つ用いることによってもＰｍの演算は可能である。   In the first embodiment, in order to simplify the explanation, the first operating point A (Voc, 0) that is an operating point at the time of no load and the second operation that is an operating point at the time of using a load are used. The point B (Vs, Ps) is used for the explanation, but Pm can be calculated by using two operating points when using the load.

また、実施の形態１の説明においては、自立運転の場合を想定して説明したが、太陽電池１の第１の動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）から第２の動作点Ｂ（Ｖｓ，Ｐｓ）までの値を計測することができれば発電余力Ｐｒの絶対値を演算可能であるため、連系運転の場合であっても実施の形態１にて説明した方法を適用可能である。   Further, in the description of the first embodiment, the case of self-sustained operation has been described, but the first operating point A (Voc, 0) of the solar cell 1 to the second operating point B (Vs, Ps). Since the absolute value of the power generation surplus Pr can be calculated if the values up to can be measured, the method described in the first embodiment can be applied even in the case of the interconnection operation.

実施の形態１では、ユーザーが発電可能電力を認識可能であるため、自立運転における負荷の使用時にユーザーが発電余力の絶対値を知ることができる。また、実施の形態１によれば、自立運転での負荷の使用時に、更なる負荷を追加すると消費電力が発電可能電力を超えて電力変換装置の自立運転が出力停止してしまう場面においても、ユーザーが発電余力を認識しているため、更なる負荷を追加することを中止し、電力変換装置の出力が停止してしまうことを防止することができる。   In the first embodiment, since the user can recognize the power that can be generated, the user can know the absolute value of the power generation surplus when using the load in the autonomous operation. In addition, according to the first embodiment, when using a load in a self-sustained operation, if a further load is added, the power consumption exceeds the power that can be generated and the self-sustained operation of the power converter stops outputting. Since the user recognizes the power generation surplus, it is possible to stop adding an additional load and prevent the output of the power converter from being stopped.

また、実施の形態１によれば、日射量が少ない時間帯において発電余力がほとんどない場面が頻発する場合に、これをユーザーが認識することができるので、負荷を使用するタイムスケジュールを調整して、日射量が多い時間帯に負荷を集中して使用するようにして安定した電力の運用を行うことができる。また、実施の形態１によれば、太陽電池１の発電電力を増大させるために太陽電池の増設を検討すべきであることをユーザーに促すことができる。このように、実施の形態１によれば、太陽電池１の発電電力に応じた適切な電力運用が可能となる。   In addition, according to the first embodiment, when a scene with little power generation surplus occurs frequently in a time zone where the amount of solar radiation is small, this can be recognized by the user, so the time schedule for using the load is adjusted. Thus, stable power operation can be performed by concentrating and using the load in a time zone with a large amount of solar radiation. Moreover, according to Embodiment 1, in order to increase the electric power generated by the solar cell 1, it is possible to prompt the user to consider adding a solar cell. As described above, according to the first embodiment, appropriate power operation according to the generated power of the solar cell 1 is possible.

また、電力変換装置２０が連系運転で動作しているとき、通常は最大電力点追従（ＭＰＰＴ：Ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ Ｐｏｗｅｒ Ｐｏｉｎｔ Ｔｒａｃｋｉｎｇ）制御により動作しており太陽電池１の出力電圧はＶｍとなるべきであり、このような場面で発電余力が生じていれば動作異常であることになる。実施の形態１によれば、このような動作異常をユーザーに気付かせることができる。   In addition, when the power conversion device 20 is operating in an interconnected operation, it is normally operated by maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, and the output voltage of the solar cell 1 should be Vm. If there is a surplus power generation in such a situation, the operation is abnormal. According to the first embodiment, such an operational abnormality can be noticed by the user.

実施の形態２．
実施の形態１では、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線が変化しないことを前提として、ユーザーが負荷を接続して使用した場合に、演算された発電余力Ｐｒがユーザーへ通知される形態について説明した。ここで、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線が変化しない場合としては天候が安定している場合を例示することができる。実施の形態２では、実施の形態１と同様にユーザーが負荷を接続して使用し続けている場面ではあるが、何らかの理由によりＰ−Ｖ曲線が変化した場合に、発電余力を再演算し、再演算された発電余力Ｐｒがユーザーへ通知される形態について説明する。なお、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線が変化する理由には、天候の急変による日射量の変化、及び太陽電池の表面に落ち葉又は鳥といった遮蔽物の存在によって影がかかることで太陽電池に入射する光量の減少を例示することができる。 Embodiment 2. FIG.
The first embodiment has been described on the assumption that the user is notified of the calculated surplus power Pr when the user connects and uses a load on the assumption that the PV curve does not change. Here, as a case where the PV curve does not change, a case where the weather is stable can be exemplified. In the second embodiment, the user continues to connect and use the load as in the first embodiment, but when the PV curve changes for some reason, the power generation surplus is recalculated, A form in which the recalculated power generation capacity Pr is notified to the user will be described. The reason why the PV curve changes is that the amount of light incident on the solar cell is reduced by a change in the amount of solar radiation due to a sudden change in the weather and the presence of a shield such as a fallen leaf or bird on the surface of the solar cell. Can be illustrated.

なお、実施の形態２に係る電力変換装置の構成は、図１と同様である。図４は、実施の形態２における太陽電池１の特性の一例を示す図である。図４では、日射量が減少する前のＰ−Ｖ曲線を細い線で示し、日射量が減少した後のＰ−Ｖ曲線を太い線で示している。   In addition, the structure of the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 2 is the same as that of FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of characteristics of solar cell 1 in the second embodiment. In FIG. 4, the PV curve before the amount of solar radiation decreases is shown by a thin line, and the PV curve after the amount of solar radiation decreases is shown by a thick line.

まず、負荷を使用しているとき、動作点はＢ１（Ｖｓ１，Ｐｓ１）に存在する。しかしながら、日射量が減少すると発電可能電力Ｐｍも減少し、動作点Ｃ１（Ｖｍ，Ｐｍ）は動作点Ｃ２へと移動するため発電可能電力Ｐｍを再演算する必要がある。日射量の減少によりＰ−Ｖ曲線の山は低くなるが、消費電力は変化しないため、使用時の動作点Ｂ１（Ｖｓ１，Ｐｓ１）は、図４に示すように変化するＰ−Ｖ曲線上に乗り続けつつ、水平方向に平行移動して動作点Ｂ２（Ｖｓ２，Ｐｓ２）へ移動する。なお、Ｐｓ２＝Ｐｓ１である。日射量が変化すると、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線のＶｍ及びＶｏｃも変化するが、発電可能電力Ｐｍの変化に比べれば僅かである。そのため、発電可能電力Ｐｍの再演算に際してはＶｍ及びＶｏｃは一定とする。すると、日射量変化前後のＰ−Ｖ曲線は、いずれも動作点Ａ（Ｖｏｃ，０）を通ることから、実施の形態１と同様に、ｃ＝Ｐｍ／（Ｖｏｃ−Ｖｍ）２であり、Ｖｍ及びＶｏｃは一定であるため、ｃはＰｍに比例することになる。すなわち、発電可能電力Ｐｍは、二次関数Ｐ＝ｆ（Ｖ）の係数ｃと比例関係にある。 First, when using a load, the operating point is at B1 (Vs1, Ps1). However, if the amount of solar radiation decreases, the power generation possible power Pm also decreases, and the operating point C1 (Vm, Pm) moves to the operating point C2. Therefore, it is necessary to recalculate the power generation possible power Pm. The peak of the PV curve becomes lower due to the decrease in the amount of solar radiation, but the power consumption does not change, so the operating point B1 (Vs1, Ps1) during use is on the PV curve that changes as shown in FIG. While continuing to ride, the robot moves parallel to the horizontal direction and moves to the operating point B2 (Vs2, Ps2). Note that Ps2 = Ps1. When the amount of solar radiation changes, Vm and Voc of the PV curve also change, but are small compared to changes in the power generation possible power Pm. For this reason, Vm and Voc are constant in the recalculation of the electric power Pm that can be generated. Then, since the PV curves before and after the change in solar radiation pass through the operating point A (Voc, 0), c = Pm / (Voc−Vm) 2 as in the first embodiment, and Vm And Voc are constant, c will be proportional to Pm. That is, the electric power Pm that can be generated is proportional to the coefficient c of the quadratic function P = f (V).

ところで、電圧Ｖに対する電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶの直線グラフは、ｆ（Ｖ）＝−ｃ（Ｖ−Ｖｍ）２＋Ｐｍを微分することで、ｆ’（Ｖ）＝−２ｃＶ＋２ｃＶｍとなる。従って直線の傾きは２ｃとなり、上述のように、発電可能電力Ｐｍは、直線の傾き２ｃと比例関係にあるといえる。 By the way, the linear graph of the voltage differential value dP / dV of the electric power with respect to the voltage V becomes f ′ (V) = − 2 cV + 2 cVm by differentiating f (V) = − c (V−Vm) 2 + Pm. Therefore, the slope of the straight line is 2c, and it can be said that the electric power Pm that can be generated is proportional to the slope 2c of the straight line as described above.

図４から、Ｖｓ２における日射量変化前の電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶと、Ｖｓ２における日射量変化後の電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶとの比は、直線の傾き２ｃの日射量変化前後の比に相当するため、発電可能電力Ｐｍの減少率は、Ｖｓ２における日射量変化前の電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶからＶｓ２における日射量変化後の電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶへの減少率と等しい。   From FIG. 4, the ratio between the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power before the change in the solar radiation amount at Vs2 and the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power after the change in the solar radiation amount at Vs2 is before and after the change of the solar radiation amount with the linear slope 2c. Therefore, the decrease rate of the power Pm that can be generated is reduced from the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power before the change of the solar radiation amount at Vs2 to the voltage differential value dP / dV of the power after the change of the solar radiation amount at Vs2. Equal to the rate.

Ｖｓ２における日射量変化前の電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶは、日射量変化前のｆ’（ｖ）直線が既知であるので演算可能である。また、Ｖｓ２における日射量変化後の電力の電圧微分値ｄＰ／ｄＶは、ｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部１１によって演算される。従って、日射量の変化後の発電可能電力であるＰｍ（変化後）は、実施の形態１で説明したようにＰｍ＝Ｐｓ／｛１−（Ｖｓ−Ｖｍ）２／（Ｖｏｃ−Ｖｍ）２｝で表される日射量の変化前の発電可能電力Ｐｍ（変化前）を用いると、発電可能電力Ｐｍ（変化後）＝発電可能電力Ｐｍ（変化前）×｛ｆ’（Ｖｓ２）（変化後）／ｆ’（Ｖｓ２）（変化前）｝と表される。 The voltage differential value dP / dV of the electric power before the change in the solar radiation amount at Vs2 can be calculated because the f ′ (v) straight line before the change in the solar radiation amount is known. Further, the voltage differential value dP / dV of the electric power after the change in the amount of solar radiation at Vs2 is calculated by the dP / dV calculation unit 11. Therefore, Pm (after the change) that can be generated after the change in the amount of solar radiation is Pm = Ps / {1- (Vs−Vm) 2 / (Voc−Vm) 2 } as described in the first embodiment. If the power generation possible power Pm before change of the solar radiation amount expressed by (Before change) is used, the power generation possible power Pm (after change) = power generation possible power Pm (before change) × {f ′ (Vs2) (after change) / F ′ (Vs2) (before change)}.

従って、日射量変化後の発電余力Ｐｒは、発電余力Ｐｒ（変化後）＝発電可能電力Ｐｍ（変化後）−現使用電力Ｐｓによって演算される。   Therefore, the power generation surplus Pr after the change in the amount of solar radiation is calculated by the following formula: Power generation surplus Pr (after change) = Power that can be generated Pm (after change) −Current power use Ps.

実施の形態２によれば、Ｐ−Ｖ曲線が変化した場合でも発電余力Ｐｒの再演算を行うことで、発電余力Ｐｒの絶対値を正確に得ることができる。   According to the second embodiment, the absolute value of the power generation surplus Pr can be accurately obtained by performing the recalculation of the power generation surplus Pr even when the PV curve changes.

また、実施の形態２によれば、負荷の消費電力が一定であるときに発電余力Ｐｒが突然変化したことをユーザーが認識できることで、天候の急変及び太陽電池の表面における遮蔽物の存在、並びに太陽電池又は負荷における異常の発生をユーザーに知らせることができる。   In addition, according to the second embodiment, when the user can recognize that the power generation surplus Pr has suddenly changed when the power consumption of the load is constant, the sudden change in weather and the presence of shielding on the surface of the solar cell, and The user can be notified of the occurrence of an abnormality in the solar cell or load.

なお、実施の形態２においては、日射量が減少した場合の発電可能電力の演算について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されず、日射量が増加した場合の発電可能電力の演算にも同様に適用することができる。   In Embodiment 2, the calculation of the power that can be generated when the amount of solar radiation decreases has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same applies to the calculation of the power that can be generated when the amount of solar radiation increases. Can be applied to.

従来技術では、最適動作点付近で動作している割合を演算するためにインバータ出力電流が正弦波である必要があるが、自立運転では負荷により電流波形が変わってしまうため、系統連系せずに自立運転する場合には従来技術を適用することができないという問題があった。   In the conventional technology, the inverter output current needs to be a sine wave in order to calculate the ratio of operation near the optimum operating point. However, in self-sustained operation, the current waveform changes depending on the load. However, there has been a problem that the conventional technology cannot be applied to the self-sustaining operation.

また、従来技術では、最適動作点と実際の動作点との関係を表示するが、ユーザーが発電余力の絶対値自体を知ることはできない。そのため、自立運転による負荷使用時にユーザーが更なる負荷を追加すると、消費電力が発電可能電力を超えてしまうことがあり、自立運転が突然停止することがあるという問題があった。   In the prior art, the relationship between the optimum operating point and the actual operating point is displayed, but the user cannot know the absolute value of the power generation surplus itself. For this reason, when the user adds a further load when using the load in the self-sustained operation, the power consumption may exceed the power that can be generated, and the self-sustained operation may stop suddenly.

実施の形態１，２にて説明したように、本発明によれば、電力変換装置が自立運転し、且つ負荷を接続して使用している状態において、ユーザーに発電余力の絶対値を通知することができる。   As described in the first and second embodiments, according to the present invention, the absolute value of the power generation surplus is notified to the user in a state where the power conversion device operates independently and is connected to a load. be able to.

図５は、実施の形態１，２に係る電力変換装置２０内の電力演算部１０、ｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部１１、発電余力演算部１２及び表示部１３を実現するハードウェアの一般的な構成の一例を示す図である。図５には、プロセッサ２１、メモリ２２、入力部２３及び表示部２４が示されている。プロセッサ２１は演算を実行し、メモリ２２はプロセッサ２１が演算を行うに際して必要なデータ及びソフトウェアの記憶を行う。入力部２３には、電流計測部８から太陽電池１の出力電流が入力され、電圧計測部９から太陽電池１の出力電圧が入力される。表示部２４は、図１の表示部１３に相当する。なお、プロセッサ２１、メモリ２２、入力部２３及び表示部２４は、各々複数設けられていてもよい。   FIG. 5 shows a general configuration of hardware that realizes the power calculation unit 10, the dP / dV calculation unit 11, the power generation surplus calculation unit 12, and the display unit 13 in the power conversion device 20 according to the first and second embodiments. It is a figure which shows an example. FIG. 5 shows a processor 21, a memory 22, an input unit 23, and a display unit 24. The processor 21 performs an operation, and the memory 22 stores data and software necessary for the processor 21 to perform the operation. The output current of the solar cell 1 is input from the current measurement unit 8 to the input unit 23, and the output voltage of the solar cell 1 is input from the voltage measurement unit 9. The display unit 24 corresponds to the display unit 13 in FIG. A plurality of processors 21, memories 22, input units 23, and display units 24 may be provided.

実施の形態１，２に示した構成は、本発明の内容の一例を示すものであり、別の公知の技術と組み合わせることも可能であるし、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、構成の一部を省略、変更することも可能である。   The configurations shown in Embodiments 1 and 2 show an example of the contents of the present invention, and can be combined with other known techniques, and can be combined without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is also possible to omit or change a part.

１ 太陽電池、２ 負荷、３ 電力変換部、４ 昇降圧回路、５ 平滑回路、６ インバータ回路、７ スイッチ回路、８ 電流計測部、９ 電圧計測部、１０ 電力演算部、１１ ｄＰ／ｄＶ演算部、１２ 発電余力演算部、１３ 表示部、２０ 電力変換装置、２１ プロセッサ、２２ メモリ、２３ 入力部、２４ 表示部。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell, 2 Loads, 3 Power conversion part, 4 Buck-boost circuit, 5 Smoothing circuit, 6 Inverter circuit, 7 Switch circuit, 8 Current measurement part, 9 Voltage measurement part, 10 Power calculation part, 11 dP / dV calculation part , 12 Power generation surplus calculation unit, 13 display unit, 20 power conversion device, 21 processor, 22 memory, 23 input unit, 24 display unit.

Claims (5)

直流電圧源から出力された直流電力を交流電力に変換し、接続された負荷へ交流電力を出力する電力変換装置であって、
前記直流電圧源からの出力電圧及び出力電流により前記直流電圧源の現在の発電電力を演算する電力演算部と、
前記直流電圧源の発電可能電力と前記現在の発電電力との差である発電余力を演算する発電余力演算部と、
前記発電余力を表示する表示部とを備えることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 A power conversion device that converts DC power output from a DC voltage source into AC power and outputs AC power to a connected load,
A power calculator that calculates the current generated power of the DC voltage source from the output voltage and output current from the DC voltage source;
A power generation surplus calculator that calculates a power generation surplus that is the difference between the power that can be generated by the DC voltage source and the current power generation; and
A power converter comprising: a display unit that displays the remaining power generation capacity. 前記発電可能電力は、前記発電余力演算部で演算されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電力変換装置。   The power conversion apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power that can be generated is calculated by the power generation surplus calculation unit. 前記発電余力演算部は、前記直流電圧源の出力電圧Ｖと出力電力ＰとのＰ−Ｖ曲線における異なる２つの動作点における出力電圧及び出力電力の値から、前記発電可能電力及び前記発電可能電力における出力電圧を演算することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の電力変換装置。   The power generation surplus calculation unit is configured to calculate the power that can be generated and the power that can be generated from the values of the output voltage and the output power at two different operating points in the PV curve of the output voltage V and the output power P of the DC voltage source. The power conversion apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the output voltage at is calculated. 前記直流電圧源は太陽電池であることを特徴とする請求項１から請求項３のいずれか一項に記載の電力変換装置。   The said DC voltage source is a solar cell, The power converter device as described in any one of Claims 1-3 characterized by the above-mentioned. 前記発電余力演算部は、前記直流電圧源の発電可能電力が変化したときに、前記直流電圧源の前記発電余力を再演算することを特徴とする請求項１から請求項４のいずれか一項に記載の電力変換装置。   The said power generation surplus calculating part recalculates the said power generation surplus of the said DC voltage source, when the electric power which can generate | occur | produce the said DC voltage source changes, The any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The power converter device described in 1.
JP2016022382A 2016-02-09 2016-02-09 Power converter Expired - Fee Related JP6706927B2 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018117491A1 (en) 2017-07-24 2019-01-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Manufacturing method of a pipe arrangement

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102018117491A1 (en) 2017-07-24 2019-01-24 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Manufacturing method of a pipe arrangement
DE102018117491B4 (en) 2017-07-24 2023-01-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Manufacturing process of a tube assembly

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