JP2017135975A - Direct-current generator and direct-current motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a generator which can reduce a rotary starting force and a rotary driving force of a rotator and which has sufficient power generation capacity, and a motor which makes rotation resistance of the rotator low.SOLUTION: A rotator 4 and stators 5 and 6 are arranged in an opposed manner. In the rotator 4, a plurality of permanent magnets 7 (7a-7i) are arranged at regular intervals on the circumference of circle. In the stators 5 and 6, a plurality of cored coils 8 (8a-8h) and 9 (9a-9h) are arranged at regular intervals on the circumference of circle. The number of the permanent magnets of the rotator is different from that of cored magnets of the stator.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a direct current generator having a low driving power required for the initial motion of the rotor and a high generated power, and a direct current motor having a low driving power required for the initial motion of the rotor and a high driving power.

  The power generation principle of the generator is based on a kinetic electromotive force based on an electromotive force induced in the conductor when the conductor moves in a magnetic field, and an induced electromotive force generated by a change in magnetic flux with time. In the generator, a magnet is disposed on the inside as a rotor (rotor), a coil (winding) is disposed on the outside as a stator (stator), and an inner rotor type that rotates the inner magnet is disposed on the inside. There is an outer rotor type in which a coil is arranged as a stator and a magnet is arranged outside as a rotor to rotate the outside magnet. The outer rotor type has a larger moment of inertia of the rotating shaft than the inner rotor type. In addition, the electric rotating machine described in Patent Document 1 has a shape in which a stator is provided on each of an outer surface side and an inner surface side of a cylindrical rotor, and a pair of stators are sandwiched between the rotors. The electric rotating machine described in Patent Document 1 is a synchronous motor generator that operates as a motor or a generator by a single unit.

  Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a planar generator in which a rotating disk is provided with a plurality of magnets at circumferential positions, and fixed poles are arranged circumferentially so as to face the magnets. Yes.

  FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing the configuration of the flat generator. A support column 2 is erected on a horizontal base 1, and a rotary shaft 3 is supported on the support column 2 so as to be rotatable with its longitudinal direction horizontal. The rotary shaft 3 is rotationally driven by a lever 3a. A rotor 4 is fixed to the rotary shaft 3 with its surface vertical. A pair of stators 5 and 6 are erected on the table 1 with their surfaces vertical so as to sandwich the rotor 4. The rotating shaft 3 supports the rotor 4 through a hole 5a provided in the center of the stator 5 on the support 2 side.

  FIG. 11 is a plan view of the rotor 4. Ten permanent magnets 7 (7a to 7j) are arranged at equal intervals on a specific circumference around the rotation center C of the rotor 4. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 12, ten cored coils 8 (8a to 8j) are also provided on the circumference of the stator 5 around a point C1 corresponding to the rotation center C of the rotor 4. Arranged at intervals. The cored coil 8 (8a to 8j) is obtained by winding a coil around an iron core, and the magnetic flux density is increased by arranging the iron core at the center. Further, the diameter of the circumference where the permanent magnets 7 (7a to 7j) are arranged is the same as the diameter of the circumference where the cored coils 8 (8a to 8j) are arranged. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 13, the permanent magnet 7 (7a to 7j) and the cored coil 8 (8a to 8j) are in a state of facing each other. Therefore, when the rotary shaft 3 is rotationally driven via the handle 3a, the permanent magnets 7 (7a to 7j) of the rotor 4 are connected to the cored coil 8 (8a to 8j) and the cored coil 9 (9a to 9j). Since the crossing of the magnetic field formed between the cored coils 8 (8a to 8j) and 9 (9a to 9j), an induced electromotive force is generated to generate power.

JP, 2015-173583, A

http://www.neomag.jp/mailmagazines/topics/letter201207.php "NeoMag-NeoMag communication back number of magnets"

  However, in the above-described prior art, an electromagnetic attractive force acts between the cored coils 8 and 9 where the electromotive force is generated and the permanent magnet 7, and a driving force necessary for rotationally driving the rotor 4 is obtained. There is a problem that it is big. The problem that the electromagnetic attractive force is large is more affected at the time of starting the rotation than during the rotation of the rotor 4 to which the inertial force is applied, and the driving force necessary for starting the rotation of the rotor 4 is large. There is a problem that it is difficult to do. Thus, in order to solve the problem that the rotational starting force and the rotational driving force of the rotor 4 increase due to the action of the cogging torque, it is conceivable to adopt a coreless method. The problem is that power generation capacity is inferior.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and is capable of reducing the rotational starting force and rotational driving force of the rotor, and having a sufficient power generation capability and a rotational resistance force of the rotor. An object of the present invention is to provide a DC motor having a low current.

The DC generator according to the present invention is
A rotor that is driven to rotate around a rotation axis, and a plurality of magnets arranged at equal intervals on a circumference around the rotation axis;
A pair of fixedly arranged so as to face the rotor and sandwich the rotor, each of which has a plurality of cores on a circumference having the same diameter as the circumference on which the magnet is arranged with the rotation axis as a center. A stator with coils arranged at equal intervals;
Have
The rotor has a rotating plate perpendicular to the rotating shaft, the rotating plate is driven to rotate around the rotating shaft, and the plurality of magnets have N poles of the rotating plate. Located on one surface side, and their S poles are located on the other surface side of the rotating plate,
When the number of the magnets of the rotor is different from the number of the cored coils of the stators, and another part of the magnets and part of the cored coils face each other, another magnet And the other cored coil will not be directly facing,
A DC voltage is taken out from the cored coil of the stator.

The DC motor according to the present invention is
A rotor capable of rotating around a rotation axis, and a plurality of magnets arranged at equal intervals on a circumference around the rotation axis;
A pair of fixedly arranged so as to face the rotor and sandwich the rotor, each of which has a plurality of cores on a circumference having the same diameter as the circumference on which the magnet is arranged with the rotation axis as a center. A stator with coils arranged at equal intervals;
Have
The rotor includes a rotating plate perpendicular to the rotating shaft, the rotating plate is rotatable around the rotating shaft, and the plurality of magnets have N poles of the rotating plate. Located on one surface side, and their S poles are located on the other surface side of the rotating plate,
When the number of the magnets of the rotor is different from the number of the cored coils of the stators, and another part of the magnets and part of the cored coils face each other, another magnet And the cored coil will not face each other,
The rotor is rotationally driven by supplying a DC voltage to the cored coil of the stator.

  In these DC generators or DC motors, the number of magnets and the number of cored coils are different by one, and there is one pair of magnets and cored coils that can be directly opposed during rotation of the rotor. Can be configured to be only.

  According to the DC generator of the present invention, when a specific one of the plurality of magnets of the rotor and a specific one of the plurality of cored coils of the stator face each other, Only a part of the combinations in which the magnet and the cored coil are facing each other, and the other magnets and the cored coil are not facing each other but are shifted in the circumferential direction. For this reason, the magnetic attraction between the magnet and the cored coil acts only between some magnets and some cored coils, and between other magnets and the cored coils, Acts in the direction in which the attractive forces are canceled out. For this reason, the cogging force is small, the rotational starting force and rotational driving force of the rotor are low, and rotational driving is easy. And since the rotation starting force and rotational driving force of a rotor are low, many magnets and a cored coil can be arrange | positioned to each rotor and each stator, and electric power generation capability can be improved correspondingly. . Furthermore, since the present invention is a DC generator or a DC motor, the number of magnets in the rotor may be either an odd number or an even number, and is arbitrary and highly versatile.

  Similarly to the DC generator, the DC motor of the present invention can rotate the rotor of the motor with a lower drive current.

(A) is a typical perspective view which shows the structure of the generator of embodiment of this invention, (b) is the exploded view of the rotor 4 and the stators 5 and 6 similarly, (c) is also the rotor 4 of the same. It is a side view. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the permanent magnet 7 of the rotor of this embodiment, and arrangement | positioning of the cored coils 8 and 9 of a stator. (A), (b) is a figure which shows the modification of a rotor and a stator. (A), (b) is a figure which shows the modification of a rotor and a stator. It is a figure explaining the power generation capability of this embodiment. (A) is a current waveform diagram illustrating the power generation capacity of the present embodiment, (b) is a current waveform diagram after rectification, and (c) is a current waveform diagram. It is a rectifier circuit diagram of the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of a permanent magnet and a cored coil, (a) is a rotor, (b) is a stator, (c) shows those combination. It is a figure which shows the other modification of a permanent magnet and a cored coil, (a) is a rotor, (b) is a stator, (c) shows those combination. It is a typical perspective view which shows the generator of a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the rotor of a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the stator of a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the stator of a prior art example. It is a current wave form diagram explaining the power generation capability of a prior art example. It is the electric current waveform figure after the rectification explaining the power generation capability of a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the power generation capability of a prior art example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1A is a schematic perspective view showing a generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1B is an exploded perspective view showing a rotor 4 and stators 5 and 6. FIG. c) is a side view of the rotor 4. On the stand 1, a pair of support columns 2a and 2b are erected so as to face each other. The rotary shaft 3 is instructed to be rotatable between the support columns 2a and 2b with the longitudinal direction thereof being horizontal. A lever 3a is connected to the rotary shaft 3, and the rotary shaft 3 is driven to rotate by holding the handle 3b and rotating the lever 3a. A non-magnetic disk-like support plate 4a of the rotor 4 is fixed to the rotary shaft 3 with its surface perpendicular to the rotary shaft 3, and the rotor 4 rotates as the rotary shaft 3 rotates. The support plate 4a rotates with its surface vertical. A pair of plate-like non-magnetic stators 5 and 6 are erected on the table 1 with their surfaces vertical so as to sandwich the rotor 4. Holes 5a and 6a are formed at the centers of the stators 5 and 6, respectively, and the rotating shaft 3 is inserted between the holes 5a and 6a and is spanned between the columns 2a and 2b.

  As shown in FIG. 2, nine permanent magnets 7 (7 a to 7 i) are arranged at equal intervals on the rotor 4 on the circumference with the rotation axis 3 as the center C. As shown in FIG. 1 (c), the permanent magnet 7 has the N poles of all the permanent magnets 7 located on one surface side of the support plate 4a, and the S poles of all the permanent magnets 7 are the support plates. It is fixed to the support plate 4a so as to be positioned on the other surface side of 4a, that is, with the direction of magnetic lines of all the permanent magnets 7 as the same direction. In addition, the stator 5 and the stator 6 have eight cored coils 8 (8a to 8h) and 9 (9a to 9h), respectively, on a circumference centered on a position corresponding to the rotation shaft 3. Has been placed. The diameter of the circumference on which the permanent magnet 7 is arranged is the same as the diameter of the circumference on which the cored coils 8 and 9 are arranged. Therefore, when the rotor 4 rotates, each permanent magnet 7 faces one of the cored coils 8 and 9. For example, when the permanent magnet 7 a faces one of the cored coils 8 and 9, The other permanent magnets do not face any of the cored coils 8 and 9. Since nine permanent magnets 7 are arranged, the center angle of the adjacent permanent magnet 7 is 40 ° with the center C as the center, and eight cored coils 8 and 9 are arranged respectively. The central angle of the adjacent cored coil 8 and the central angle of the adjacent cored coil 9 are both 45 °. When the permanent magnet 7 rotates and crosses between each pair of the cored coils 8 and 9 facing each other, an induced electromotive force is generated in the cored coils 7 and 8 so that electricity flows. Each of the core coils 7 and 8 is connected.

  Next, a rectifier circuit that extracts a direct current from the direct current generator of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 shows this rectifier circuit. A cored coil 8 (8a, 8b,...) And a cored coil 9 (9a, 9c,...) Are arranged with a permanent magnet 7 (7a, 7b,...) Interposed therebetween. However, both ends of the cored coil 9 are connected to terminals T1 and T2, respectively, and both ends of the cored coil 8 are connected to terminals T3 and T4, respectively. Terminals T2 and T3 are connected to each other. Further, both ends of the load R are connected to terminals S1 and S2, and a diode circuit D is connected between the terminals T1 to T4 and the terminals S1 and S2. The diode circuit D is composed of four diodes D1 to D4. The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the terminal S1, and the cathode is connected to the terminal T1. The anode of the diode D2 is connected to the terminal S1, the cathode is connected to the terminal T4, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the terminal T1, the cathode is connected to the terminal S2, and the anode of the diode D4 is connected to the terminal T4. The cathode is connected to the terminal S2. The other combinations of the cored coils 8 and 9 and the permanent magnet 7 are similarly connected to the terminals S1 and S2 of the load R. With the circuit shown in FIG. 7, the load R can obtain power having the current waveform shown in FIG.

  Next, the operation of the generator according to this embodiment configured as described above will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, the rotational position of the rotor 4 is, for example, from the position when the permanent magnet 7 a faces the cored coils 8 a and 9 a, and the handle 3 moves the rotating shaft 3 and the rotor 4 in one direction. When driven to rotate in the clockwise direction (for example, clockwise in FIG. 2), the permanent magnets 7 (7a to 7i) rotate in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2, and the cored coils 8 (8a to 8h) of the stators 5 and 6 are cored. An electromotive force is generated in the cored coils 8 and 9 by passing through the vicinity of the coils 9 (9a to 9h). At this time, for example, in the state shown in FIG. 2, the permanent magnet 7a and the cored coils 8a and 9a face each other, and a magnetic attractive force acts between them to attract each other. This attractive force becomes resistance when rotating the rotor 4 and becomes cogging torque. However, an attractive force acts between the other permanent magnet 7b and the cored coils 8b and 9b in the direction of rotating the permanent magnet 7b fixed to the rotor 4 in the clockwise direction. An attractive force acts between the core coils 8h and 9h in a direction in which the permanent magnet 7i fixed to the rotor 4 rotates counterclockwise. Thereby, an attractive force acts on the permanent magnet 7b and the permanent magnet 7i of the rotor 4 in directions opposite to each other, and these attractive forces cancel each other. Between the permanent magnet 7e and the permanent magnet 7f and the cored coils 8e and 9e, an attractive force acting in a direction opposite to the two permanent magnets 7e and 7f is exerted around the cored coils 8e and 9e. Therefore, the force acting in the direction of preventing the rotational drive when the rotor 4 rotates is only the magnetic attractive force acting between the permanent magnet 7a and the cored coils 8a and 9a. Therefore, in this embodiment, the cogging force is small, the rotation starting force and the rotational driving force of the rotor 4 are low, the rotor can be rotationally driven with a smaller force, and the rotational driving is easy. And since the rotation starting force and rotational driving force of a rotor are low, many magnets and a cored coil can be arrange | positioned to each rotor and each stator, and electric power generation capability can be improved correspondingly. .

  Even when the rotor 4 rotates and moves clockwise and the permanent magnet 7b faces the cored coils 8b and 9b, only between the permanent magnet and the cored coil facing each other in the same manner as described above. The attractive force acts, and the same effect is continued.

  In this embodiment, since the cogging force is small and the driving force (initial driving force and rotation maintaining driving force) required for rotation is small, even if a large number of permanent magnets and cored coils are provided, the rotational driving is easy. Thus, a large number of permanent magnets and cored coils can be provided to increase the power generation capacity. For example, FIG. 3A shows 27 permanent magnets 7 and 37 cored coils 8, and FIG. 3B shows 37 permanent magnets 7 and 27 cored coils. It is a thing. In the case of FIG. 3, the permanent magnet 7 and the cored coils 8 and 9 face each other in three pairs. FIG. 4A shows 37 permanent magnets 7 and 36 cored coils 8 installed. FIG. 4B shows 36 permanent magnets 7 and 37 cored coils installed. It is a thing. In the case of FIG. 4, there is only one pair of the permanent magnet 7 and the cored magnets 8 and 9 that face each other. 3 and 4 can reduce the rotational driving force of the rotor and provide a larger number of permanent magnets and cored coils as in the embodiment shown in FIG. Thus, it is possible to improve the power generation capacity.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram of a rotor and a stator for explaining the power generation efficiency of the generator of this embodiment. For example, eleven permanent magnets 7 (7a to 7k) are installed in the rotor 4 shown in FIG. 5, and the core 5 is provided with ten cored coils 8 (8a to 8j), for example. Is installed. It is assumed that the number of cored coils 8 is the same as the number of cored coils of the conventional example shown in FIG. 12 for comparison of power generation efficiency. In the case of the conventional generator shown in FIGS. 10 to 13, after the permanent magnet 7a of the rotor 4 faces the cored coil 8a of the stator 5, the cored coil 8b adjacent to the cored coil 8b rotates clockwise. 14, that is, until the permanent magnet 7 a rotates 36 °, as shown in FIG. 14, an electromotive force indicated by a sin curve is generated, and a current flows. When this is passed through a rectifier and the negative part is folded, a current is generated as shown in FIG. And since this generated electric power is obtained by each of the ten permanent magnets 7 and the cored coils 8 and 9, the entire rotor 4 and stators 5 and 6 have an amplitude of 10 as shown in FIG. Double current is obtained.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, since 11 permanent magnets 7 are installed for 10 cored coils 8 and 9, the permanent magnet 7a is the cored coil 8a. When a circular arc having a central angle of 36 ° is moved from the cored coil 8b to the cored coil 8b, the current change indicated by the sin curve in FIG. Flowing. With the full-wave rectifier circuit shown in FIG. 7, the output of the pair of cored coils 8a and 9a is folded back as shown in FIG. 6B, and the current shown by hatching in FIG. Is obtained. Each of the ten cored coils 8 and 9 is arranged with a center angle of 36 ° apart from each other. In the other cored coils 8b to 8j and 9b to 9j, the eleven permanent magnets 7 Due to the passage, the current change of 11 sin curves shifted by (36 ° / 11) is obtained. That is, there are 11 sin curves in the range of 36 °. Therefore, in the rotor 4 and the stators 5 and 6 as a whole, a current change obtained by superimposing 11 sin curves is obtained, and a current obtained by integrating these is obtained.

  As can be seen from the comparison between FIG. 16 and FIG. 6C, in the case of the embodiment of the present invention, the amplitude is y, which is smaller than 10y in the case of the conventional example. It can be seen that FIG. 6C is larger than the power of FIG. That is, in the pair of cored coils 8 and 9 in FIG. 15, when the sin curve is integrated, the amplitude is y, and thus power in units of 4A can be obtained. And as shown in FIG. 16, the electric power of a 4Ax10 = 40A unit is obtained by passage of the ten permanent magnets 7. FIG. Since this is for the central angle of 36 °, electric power in units of 40A × 10 = 400 A can be obtained by the 10 sets of the cored coils 8 and 9 during one rotation of the rotor 4. On the other hand, in the case of FIG. 6A of the present embodiment, when it is turned back through the rectifier circuit, as shown in FIG. 6B, each of the cored coils 8 and 9 has a current with an amplitude of y. Change is obtained. Therefore, for each of the cored coils 8 and 9, power of 4A unit is obtained with the amplitude y. This is the passage of eleven permanent magnets 7, and power of 4A × 11 = 44A units is obtained. Since this is for the central angle of 36 °, electric power of 44 A × 10 = 440 A units can be obtained by the 10 sets of cored coils 8 and 9 while the rotor 4 makes one rotation. This is 1.1 times the 400 A unit in FIG.

  Thus, in the case of this embodiment, even if the number of cored coils is the same, about 1.1 times the power of the conventional example can be obtained with only one permanent magnet. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the driving force for rotationally driving the rotor 4 can be remarkably reduced by the number of permanent magnets and the number of cored coils being different. Therefore, according to this embodiment, a larger electric power can be obtained with a smaller driving force. If the number of cored coils is increased, the electric power obtained is increased, but in that case, the stator becomes larger and the rectifier circuit becomes complicated.

  In the present invention, the N poles of all the permanent magnets 7 are located on one surface side of the support plate 4a, that is, the stator 5 side of the cored coil 8, and the S poles of all the permanent magnets 7 are It is located on the other surface side of the support plate 4a, that is, on the stator 6 side of the cored coil 9. For this reason, a DC voltage is extracted from the full-wave rectifier circuit of FIG. Thus, since the direction of the magnetic field lines of all the permanent magnets 7 is the same, the number of permanent magnets 7 is not limited to an even number, but the number of permanent magnets 7 in FIG. The number can be an odd number such as 27 in 3 (a), 37 in FIG. 3 (b), 37 in FIG. 4 (a). On the other hand, in the case of an AC generator, it is necessary to alternately arrange N poles and S poles on the circumference on one surface side of the rotor, and the number of permanent magnets is limited to an even number. . In the present invention, the number of permanent magnets may be odd or even (36 in FIG. 4B), and any number of permanent magnets can be used to extract any power.

  In addition, the shape of the permanent magnet 7 and the cored coils 8 and 9 is not restricted circularly like the said embodiment. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the cross-sectional shapes of the permanent magnet 7 and the cored coils 8 and 9 can be fan-shaped. Thereby, the area of the magnetic field generated in the rotor 4 and the stators 5 and 6 can be set as densely as possible on the circumference. Thereby, a strong magnetic field is formed between the rotor 4 and the stators 5 and 6, and the direct-current power obtained can be increased. FIG. 8 shows a generator when the number of permanent magnets 7 of the rotor 4 is 11 and the number of cored coils 8 and 9 of the stators 5 and 6 is 10. FIG. 9 shows a generator when the number of permanent magnets 7 of the rotor 4 is 18 and the number of cored coils 8 and 9 of the stators 5 and 6 is 19.

  In the case of a motor, the rotor 4 is rotationally driven by supplying a current to the cored coils 7 and 8 by an operation reverse to that of the above-described generator. Therefore, as in the case of the generator, also in the motor, the rotor 4 can be easily driven to rotate, and the rotor can be driven to rotate with high efficiency at a lower current.

1: stand 3: rotating shaft 4: rotor 5, 6: stator 7 (7a-7k): permanent magnet 8 (8a-8j): cored coil 9 (9a-9j): cored coil

Claims (4)

A rotor that is driven to rotate around a rotation axis, and a plurality of magnets arranged at equal intervals on a circumference around the rotation axis;
A pair of fixedly arranged so as to face the rotor and sandwich the rotor, each of which has a plurality of cores on a circumference having the same diameter as the circumference on which the magnet is arranged with the rotation axis as a center. A stator with coils arranged at equal intervals;
Have
The rotor has a rotating plate perpendicular to the rotating shaft, the rotating plate is driven to rotate around the rotating shaft, and the plurality of magnets have N poles of the rotating plate. Located on one surface side, and their S poles are located on the other surface side of the rotating plate,
When the number of the magnets of the rotor is different from the number of the cored coils of the stators, and another part of the magnets and part of the cored coils face each other, another magnet And the other cored coil will not be directly facing,
A DC generator that extracts a DC voltage from the cored coil of the stator. The number of the magnets and the number of the cored coils are different from each other by one, and there is only one pair of a magnet and a cored coil that can be directly opposed during rotation of the rotor. The DC generator according to 1. A rotor capable of rotating around a rotation axis, and a plurality of magnets arranged at equal intervals on a circumference around the rotation axis;
A pair of fixedly arranged so as to face the rotor and sandwich the rotor, each of which has a plurality of cores on a circumference having the same diameter as the circumference on which the magnet is arranged with the rotation axis as a center. A stator with coils arranged at equal intervals;
Have
The rotor includes a rotating plate perpendicular to the rotating shaft, the rotating plate is rotatable around the rotating shaft, and the plurality of magnets have N poles of the rotating plate. Located on one surface side, and their S poles are located on the other surface side of the rotating plate,
When the number of the magnets of the rotor is different from the number of the cored coils of the stators, and another part of the magnets and part of the cored coils face each other, another magnet And the cored coil will not face each other,
A DC motor, wherein the rotor is driven to rotate by supplying a DC voltage to the cored coil of the stator. The number of the magnets and the number of the cored coils are different from each other by one, and there is only one pair of a magnet and a cored coil that can be directly opposed during rotation of the rotor. 3. A DC motor according to 3.

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