JP2017104959A - lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lathe equipped with a tailstock device with a compact structure, which can support a work-piece more stably than before without decentering both ends of the work-piece.SOLUTION: A tailstock device 10 is configured to comprise: a first tailstock spindle; a holding portion that holds the first tailstock spindle so that the shaft is coaxial with a shaft line of a main shaft 3 and opposes to a chuck 4, and holds the shaft rotatably around the center of the shaft; a housing 20 which houses the holding portion so that the portion can move forward and backward in the shaft line of the main shaft 3; a driving portion that moves forward and backward the holding portion in the shaft line of the main shaft 3; and two support arms 11 and 15, one ends of which are fastened to front end surfaces of main shaft bases 2 respectively and the other ends of which are connected to the housing 20 individually. The two support arms 11 and 15 sandwich the chuck 4, and are fastened to the front end surface of the main shaft bases 2 to be positioned outside of the chuck 4 respectively.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a lathe provided with a tailstock device, and more particularly, to a lathe provided with the tailstock device on a front end surface of a headstock for a compact structure.

  Conventionally, a lathe disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-87904 (Patent Document 1 below) is known as the lathe having a structure in which a tailstock device is provided on the front end surface of the headstock. As disclosed in Patent Document 1, this lathe is provided with an interrupting tailstock device. This tailstock device has a base end pivotally attached to a front end surface of a headstock, and the axis of the main shaft is An advancing and retreating member that swings in a direction to be separated from each other, a moving member that is attached to the advancing and retreating member so as to be movable in the main axis direction, and a tailstock that is attached to the moving member via a device that applies pressure in the main axis direction And an advancing / retreating drive device for advancing / retreating the advancing / retreating member, and a fixture for fixing the moving member to the advancing / retreating member at an arbitrary or a plurality of predetermined positions.

  According to this conventional lathe, when the tailstock is used, first, the advancing / retracting device is moved in the axial direction of the main shaft by the advancing / retreating drive device with the work gripped by a chuck mounted on the main shaft. The tail stock mounted on the moving member is arranged so that its axis is coaxial with the main axis. Next, the pressing device moves the moving member or the tail stock to the main shaft side, presses the tail stock against the center hole of the workpiece, and performs predetermined processing in this state.

  On the other hand, when the tail stock is not used, the advancing / retreating member, the moving member, and the tail are moved so that the advancing / retreating member is swung away from the axis of the main shaft by the advancing / retreating drive device so as not to hinder processing. The stock or the like is moved to a preset retreat position.

  Thus, according to this conventional lathe, the tailstock can be moved between the use position and the retracted position by swinging the advance / retreat member, and the structure can be made compact. Further, in the lathe having such a structure, another main shaft can be disposed so as to face the main shaft on the side where the tail stock is provided. With this configuration, the tail stock is used. It is possible to efficiently process a workpiece that needs to be processed.

JP 2001-87904 A

  However, although the conventional lathe has the above-described advantages, there are problems as described below.

  That is, the advancing / retracting member of the conventional tailstock device is structured such that its base end is pivotally attached to the front end surface of the headstock and is swung by the advancing / retreating drive device. There is a problem that the work cannot be stably supported by the tailstock. For this reason, vibration or the like is likely to occur during machining, and high-precision machining of the workpiece is hindered.

  Further, the advance / retreat member is composed of one curved or bent arm-shaped member, and one end is pivotally attached to the front end surface of the headstock and the other end is provided with a tailstock. The curved or bent arm-like advance / retreat member is easily elastically deformed by a reaction force (a bending moment accompanying it) when the tail stock is pressed against the work, and thereby the tail stock is displaced and its axis is moved. There was a problem that the core was misaligned from the spindle axis. If the tail stock is misaligned in this way, the cores at both ends of the work are misaligned, and this phenomenon also hinders high-precision machining of the work.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can be stably supported without shifting the cores at both ends of the workpiece as compared with the conventional one while having a compact structure. The purpose is to provide a lathe equipped with a tailstock device.

The present invention for solving the above-described problems includes a main shaft, a main spindle that holds the main shaft rotatably about the shaft, a chuck that is mounted on the front end surface of the main shaft and holds a workpiece, and a blade that holds a tool. At least a base and a tailstock device provided on the headstock, wherein the main shaft and the tool rest are relatively moved in a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft and a direction orthogonal to the axis of the main shaft. A lathe,
The tailstock device is
A first tailstock,
A holding portion for holding the first tailstock shaft so as to be coaxial with the axis of the main shaft and to face the chuck;
A housing for holding the holding portion so as to be movable back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft;
A drive unit for moving the holding unit back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft;
One end is fixed to the headstock, and the other end is configured to include two support arms respectively connected to the housing.
The two support arms relate to a lathe that is fixed to the headstock so as to sandwich the chuck and be positioned outside the chuck, respectively.

  According to this lathe, for example, the workpiece is first held by the chuck, and in this state, the holding portion is advanced to the spindle side by the driving portion, and the first tailstock shaft is pressed against the center hole of the workpiece. . In this state, after the gripping by the chuck is once released, the work is gripped again by the chuck. As a result, the workpiece is centered with respect to the spindle axis, and is supported by the chuck and the first tailstock shaft.

  In this state, the spindle is rotated, and the workpiece is machined by relative movement between the tool mounted on the tool post and the workpiece. At that time, the tool comes into contact with the workpiece through a space formed between the two support arms and processes the workpiece.

  In this lathe, as described above, the housing holding the holding portion is fixed to the front end surface of the headstock so that the chuck is sandwiched and the one end is positioned outside the chuck. Since it is supported by two supported arms, it is composed of one arm-like member that is bent or bent as in the prior art, and one end is supported by an advance / retreat member pivotally attached to the front end surface of the headstock. Compared to the configuration, the structural rigidity is high, and the workpiece can be stably supported by the first tailstock. As a result, high-precision machining of the workpiece can be realized.

  Further, as described above, the two support arms are fixed to the front end surface of the head stock so that the one end sandwiches the chuck and is located outside the chuck. , The bending moment generated by the reaction force when the first tailstock is pressed against the workpiece is small, so that the elastic deformation that occurs in the support arm is suppressed, whereby the first tailstock is The conventional problem that the center of the shaft is displaced from the main axis is eliminated.

  The two support arms can have their one ends (fixed ends) as close as possible to the main shaft axis in the direction orthogonal to the main shaft axis, and in this way, the structure of the tailstock device The rigidity can be further increased.

  Thus, according to the lathe equipped with the tailstock device according to the present invention, the tailstock device has a stable and high rigidity while adopting a compact structure in which the tailstock device is provided on the front end surface of the headstock. Therefore, the workpiece can be stably supported, and as a result, the workpiece can be processed with high accuracy.

  In the present invention, a second tailstock shaft fixed to the front end surface of the chuck may be provided so as to be coaxial with the axis of the main shaft and to face the first tailstock shaft. According to such a configuration, in a state in which one of the center holes of the workpiece is pressed against the second tailstock, the holding portion is advanced to the spindle side by the driving portion, and the first tailstock is pushed. The shaft is pressed against the other center hole of the workpiece, and the workpiece is supported by the first and second tailstock shafts. Thereby, the workpiece is centered with respect to the spindle axis, and the workpiece thus centered is gripped by the chuck. Thus, according to this configuration, the workpiece can be accurately centered and gripped with a small amount of motion.

Further, in the lathe according to the present invention, the spindle is held on the spindle stock so that the axis thereof is horizontal, the tool post is disposed below the axis of the spindle, the spindle and the tool post, Is configured to move relative to the vertical direction,
The support arm is composed of a horizontal portion in which a predetermined length portion is provided horizontally from the one end, and an inclined portion inclined obliquely upward from the horizontal portion toward the other end,
Further, the horizontal portion of the support arm may be positioned below the axis of the main shaft, and the lower end portion of the housing may be positioned above the lower end portion of the support arm.

  According to this configuration, a space can be formed between the axis of the main shaft and the horizontal portion of the support arm. For example, this space can be used as an operation region of the hand of the loading apparatus for attaching and detaching a workpiece. In this way, it is possible to automate the work attachment / detachment.

  On the other hand, the tool rest is disposed below the axis of the main spindle, and the main spindle and the tool rest are provided so as to be relatively movable in the vertical direction, so that the tool mounted on the tool rest can be The workpiece can be contacted through a space formed between the support arms, whereby the workpiece can be processed.

  As described above, according to the lathe according to the present invention, the housing on which the holding unit is held sandwiches the chuck, and the one end is positioned outside the chuck. Since it is supported by the two support arms fixed to each other, its structural rigidity is higher than in the prior art, and the work can be stably supported by the first tailstock. , High-precision machining of the workpiece can be realized.

  Further, as described above, the two support arms are fixed to the front end surface of the head stock so that the one end sandwiches the chuck and is located outside the chuck. , The bending moment generated by the reaction force when the first tailstock is pressed against the workpiece is small, so that the elastic deformation that occurs in the support arm is suppressed, whereby the first tailstock is The conventional problem that the center of the shaft is displaced from the main axis is eliminated.

  Thus, according to the lathe equipped with the tailstock device according to the present invention, the tailstock device has a stable and high rigidity while adopting a compact structure in which the tailstock device is provided on the front end surface of the headstock. Therefore, the workpiece can be stably supported, and as a result, the workpiece can be processed with high accuracy.

It is the perspective view which showed the main components of the lathe concerning one Embodiment of this invention. It is a side view of the arrow A direction in FIG. It is a top view of the arrow B direction in FIG. It is a front view of the arrow C direction in FIG. It is sectional drawing of the arrow DD direction in FIG. It is explanatory drawing in order to demonstrate the aspect of the process in the lathe of this embodiment.

  Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, a lathe 1 of the present example includes a main shaft 3 disposed so that a central axis (axis) is horizontal, and the main shaft 3 is rotatable about the central axis. A spindle stock 2 to be held, a chuck 4 that is attached to the front end surface of the spindle 3 and grips the workpiece W by two gripping claws 5, a tool post (turret) 6 that holds the tool T, and a front end of the spindle stock 2 And at least a tailstock device 10 attached to the surface.

  The workpiece W of this example includes a base portion Wa having a quadrangular prism shape, and a cylindrical portion Wb formed to extend outward from the end surface at the center of the end surface of the base portion Wa. A central hole Wc is drilled in the center portion so as to open to the end surface opposite to the base portion Wa and the end surface of the cylindrical portion Wb, and the outer peripheral surface of the base portion Wa is gripped by the gripping claws 5.

  The headstock 2, the spindle 3, and the tool post 6 are a part of the basic configuration as a lathe, and generally include a bed or the like. In the lathe 1 of this example, the headstock 2 is configured to move in the X-axis direction orthogonal to the axis of the main shaft 3 and the Z-axis direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft 3 by an appropriate feeding device. In addition, the tool post 6 does not move axially.

  The tailstock device 10 includes a housing 23, a first support arm 11, a second support arm 15, a first tailstock shaft 33, and the like.

  One end of each of the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 is fixed to the front end surface of the headstock 2 (end surface on the tool post 6 side), and the other end is connected to the housing 23, respectively. The one end of the member is fixed to the front end surface of the headstock 2 so as to be positioned below the axis of the main shaft 3 so as to sandwich the chuck 4 and to be located outside the chuck 4.

  Further, the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 are respectively provided with horizontal portions 12 and 16 in which a predetermined length portion is horizontal from the one end and from the horizontal portions 12 and 16 to the other end. Inclined portions 13 and 17 that are inclined obliquely upward and bent toward the axis of the main shaft 3. With such a configuration, an appropriate space is provided between the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15. A space is appropriately formed between the grip claw 5 and the first tailstock shaft 33.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the housing 23 is provided with a storage hole 21 that is open along the axis of the main shaft 3 and is open on the main shaft 3 side, and moves in the axial direction of the main shaft 3 in the storage hole 21. The holding member 22 is inserted in such a manner that its lower end is located above the lower ends of the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15.

  The holding member 22 is formed on the main shaft 3 side so as to be positioned coaxially with the axis of the main shaft 3 with a partition wall 30 formed at a substantially central position in the axial direction of the main shaft 3 interposed therebetween. A hole 31 and a cylinder hole 23 on the opposite side are provided. A first tailstock shaft 33 is held in the holding hole 31 via a bearing 32 so that the tip portion protrudes forward and is rotatable about the shaft center.

  On the other hand, a stepped rod 24 having a large diameter portion 25 on the main shaft 3 side and a small diameter portion 26 on the opposite side is inserted into the cylinder hole 23, and the cylinder hole 23 is connected to the small diameter portion of the rod 24. It is sealed by a ring-shaped lid body 27 that is fitted around 26. The end of the rod 24 on the small diameter portion 26 side is fixed to the bottom surface of the housing hole 21 of the housing 20 with a bolt.

  Further, a concave first hydraulic pressure chamber 28 is formed on the end surface of the partition wall 30 on the rod 24 side, and a space formed by the small diameter portion 26, the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder hole 23, and the lid 27 is formed. A second hydraulic pressure chamber 29 is provided, and pressure oil is selectively supplied to the first hydraulic pressure chamber 28 and the second hydraulic pressure chamber 29 through appropriate supply paths.

  Thus, when pressure oil is supplied to the second hydraulic chamber 29, the holding member 22 and the first tailstock 33 supported by the member 22 advance toward the main shaft 3, while the first hydraulic pressure is increased. When pressurized oil is supplied to the chamber 28, the holding member 22 and the first tailstock 33 are moved backward. Reference numeral 34 denotes a position detection rod connected to the end surface of the holding member 22 on the main shaft 3 side, and the position of the position detection rod 34 is appropriately detected by a sensor so that the first tailstock shaft 33 is advanced and retracted. The position can be detected.

  Further, a second tailstock shaft 35 is formed on the front end surface of the chuck 4 between the two gripping claws 5 so as to be coaxial with the axis of the main shaft 3 and to face the first tailstock shaft 33. It is fixed.

  According to the lathe 1 of the present example having the above configuration, for example, first, the cylindrical portion Wb of the work W is gripped by a hand of an appropriate loading device (not shown) and conveyed in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. The workpiece W is positioned between the two gripping claws 5 and between the first tailstock shaft 33 and the second tailstock shaft 35, and the center hole Wc is coaxial with the axis of the main shaft 3. Position so that

  Next, the hand is moved to the main shaft 3 side, and the opening on the main shaft 3 side of the center hole Wc of the workpiece W is pressed against the tip of the second tailstock shaft 35. In this state, pressure oil is supplied to the second hydraulic pressure chamber 29 to advance the first tailstock shaft 33 toward the main shaft 3, and the tip portion of the main shaft 3 in the center hole Wc of the workpiece W is provided. It is made to press in the opening part on the opposite side. Thereby, the workpiece W is centered by the first tailstock shaft 33 and the second tailstock shaft 35 and supported by these.

  Next, after closing the two gripping claws 5 and gripping the base Wa of the workpiece W by the gripping claws 5, the gripping by the hand is released and the hand is retracted appropriately. With the above operation, the support of the workpiece W by the first tailstock shaft 33 and the second tailstock shaft 35 and the gripping by the gripping claws 5 are completed.

  Next, the workpiece W is machined by the tool T mounted on the tool post 6 by appropriately rotating the spindle 3 and moving the spindle 3 in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction as appropriate. At that time, as shown in FIG. 6, the tool T comes into contact with the workpiece W through a space formed between the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 and processes it.

  When the processing is completed, the hand of the loading device is moved and the cylindrical portion Wb of the workpiece W is gripped by the hand, the two gripping claws 5 are opened, and the first hydraulic chamber 28 is opened. Pressure oil is supplied to the first tailstock shaft 33 so that the workpiece W is supported by the first tailstock shaft 33 and the second tailstock shaft 35, and the gripping by the gripping claws 5 is released. .

  Next, the work W is discharged by conveying the hand in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface in FIG. Then, a plurality of workpieces W can be processed continuously by repeating the same operation as described above.

  Thus, in the lathe 1 of this example, as described above, the housing 20 that holds the first tailstock 33 is sandwiched between the chuck 4 and the one end is positioned outside the chuck 4. Since it is supported by the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 respectively fixed to the front end surface of the headstock 2, its structural rigidity is higher than that of the conventional tailstock device described above. Therefore, the workpiece W can be stably supported by the first tailstock 33, and as a result, highly accurate machining of the workpiece W can be realized.

  Further, according to the configuration of the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 of the present example, when the first tailstock shaft 33 is pressed against the workpiece W, compared to the configuration of the conventional tailstock device described above. Therefore, the elastic deformation generated in the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 is suppressed, whereby the displacement of the first tailstock shaft and the axis thereof are thereby reduced. The conventional problem of misalignment from the spindle axis is eliminated.

  Further, in the lathe 1 of the present example, the second tailstock shaft 35 facing the first tailstock shaft 33 is provided on the front end surface of the chuck 4, and the workpiece W is moved to the first tailstock shaft 33 and the second center shaft. Since centering is performed by the push shaft 35, the workpiece W can be accurately centered, and high-precision machining of the workpiece W can be realized.

  Further, in the lathe 1 of this example, the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 are respectively composed of horizontal portions 12 and 16 and inclined portions 13 and 17, and the horizontal portions 12 and 16 are formed from the axis of the main shaft 3. Since the lower end portion of the housing is positioned above the lower end portions of the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15, the axis of the main shaft 3 and the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 are arranged. A space can be formed between the support arm 15 and, as described above, this space can be used as an operation region of the hand of the loading device for attaching and detaching the workpiece W. In this way, the workpiece can be attached and detached. Can be automated.

  In addition, the tool post 6 is disposed below the axis of the main shaft 3 and the main shaft 3 is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction (X-axis direction). The workpiece W can be brought into contact with the workpiece W through a space formed between the support arm 11 and the second support arm 15, whereby the workpiece W can be processed.

  The specific embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the specific mode that the present invention can take is not limited to this.

  For example, if the workpiece W can be sufficiently centered by the chuck 4 and the first tailstock shaft 33, the second tailstock shaft 35 need not be provided. Further, the mode of the chuck 4 is not limited to the one having the two gripping claws 5 (so-called two-way claws) described above, and may be a chuck having three claws or four claws.

  The headstock 2 and the tool post 6 only need to be configured so that they can move relatively in the direction along the axis of the main shaft 3 and in the direction perpendicular to the axis. Accordingly, the tailstock device 10 may be movable in the main axis direction.

  In the above example, the first tailstock shaft 33 is advanced and retracted by supplying pressure oil to the first hydraulic pressure chamber 28 and the second hydraulic pressure chamber 29 formed in the cylinder hole 23 of the holding member 22. However, as a matter of course, the first tailstock shaft 33 may be advanced and retracted by another mechanism.

  Further, when the above-described loading device is not used, it is not necessary to consider the operation area of the hand. In this case, the one end (fixed end) of the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 is used. In the direction orthogonal to the axis of the main shaft 3, it can be as close as possible to the axis of the main shaft 3. By doing in this way, the structural rigidity of the tailstock apparatus 10 can be improved more compared with the past. And by increasing the rigidity in this way, the elastic deformation of the first support arm 11 and the second support arm 15 due to the bending moment when the first tailstock 33 is pressed against the work W is more effectively performed. Accordingly, it is possible to more effectively solve the conventional problem that the displacement of the first tailstock 33 and the axial center of the first tailstock 33 are misaligned from the axis of the main shaft 3.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lathe 2 Spindle table 3 Spindle 4 Chuck 5 Holding claw 6 Tool post 10 Tailstock device 11 First support arm 12 Horizontal portion 13 Inclination portion 15 Second support arm 16 Horizontal portion 17 Inclination portion 20 Housing 22 Holding member 24 Rod 28 First 1 hydraulic chamber 29 2nd hydraulic chamber 33 first tailstock 35 second tailstock T tool W workpiece

Claims (3)

A main spindle, a main spindle that holds the main spindle rotatably about the axis, a chuck that is attached to the front end surface of the main spindle and holds a workpiece, a tool post that holds a tool, and a tailstock provided on the main spindle A lathe comprising at least an apparatus, wherein the spindle and the tool post are configured to move relative to each other in a direction parallel to the axis of the spindle and in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle,
The tailstock device is
A first tailstock,
A holding portion for holding the first tailstock shaft so as to be coaxial with the axis of the main shaft and to face the chuck;
A housing for holding the holding portion so as to be movable back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft;
A drive unit for moving the holding unit back and forth in the axial direction of the main shaft;
One end is fixed to the headstock, and the other end is configured to include two support arms respectively connected to the housing.
The lathe characterized in that the two support arms are fixed to the headstock so as to sandwich the chuck and to be respectively located outside the chuck.   The lathe according to claim 1, further comprising a second tailstock fixed to a front end surface of the chuck so as to be coaxial with the axis of the main shaft and face the first tailstock. . The spindle is held on the spindle stock so that the axis thereof is horizontal, the tool post is disposed below the axis of the spindle, and the spindle and the tool post are relatively moved in the vertical direction. Configured,
The support arm is composed of a horizontal portion in which a predetermined length portion is provided horizontally from the one end, and an inclined portion inclined obliquely upward from the horizontal portion toward the other end,
The horizontal portion of the support arm is located below the axis of the main shaft, and the lower end portion of the housing is located above the lower end portion of the support arm. Lathe.

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