JP2017101483A - Ground compaction management unit and ground compaction management method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a ground compaction management unit capable of calculating the rigidity of the ground requiring no measuring device to be set on the ground, and a ground compaction management method.SOLUTION: A ground compaction management unit 10a includes: a deformation amount measuring device 50 that measures a deformation amount of a rolling wheel 20a which rotates and moves on the ground 100 in contact with the ground 100; and a ground rigidity calculation section 60 that calculates the rigidity of the ground 100 based on the deformation amount of the rolling wheel 20a measured by the deformation amount measuring device 50. With this, since the rigidity of the ground 100 can be calculated while the rolling wheel 20a moves on the ground 100, the rigidity of the ground 100 can be calculated without requiring no measuring device to be set on the ground 100.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a ground compaction management device and a ground compaction management method.

  For controlling the quality of ground compacted by compaction machines equipped with rolling wheels (rollers) such as road rollers, tamping rollers, vibration rollers, tire rollers, and flat compaction machines such as plate compactors and tampers. Various methods have been proposed. For example, in a FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer) test, the amount of deflection in the vicinity of a point where a weight is freely dropped is measured by a plurality of displacement sensors installed in a straight line from the point. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of acquiring time-series loads and displacements by an FWD test and calculating the elastic coefficient of the ground based on the relationship between the loads and displacements.

JP 2005-42446 A

  By the way, in the prior art as described above, a measuring instrument such as a displacement sensor is installed on the ground to measure the flexure or elastic coefficient of the ground. Therefore, the measuring instrument is moved each time the quality of the ground at another point is measured. There is a need. For this reason, much labor and time are required for the measurement.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a ground compaction management device and a ground compaction management method capable of calculating the rigidity of the ground without requiring installation of a measuring instrument on the ground.

  The present invention is based on a wheel that moves while rotating on the ground while in contact with the ground, a deformation amount measuring unit that measures the deformation amount of the wheel, and a deformation amount of the wheel measured by the deformation amount measuring unit. The ground compaction management device includes a ground stiffness calculation unit that calculates the stiffness of the ground.

  According to this configuration, the deformation amount measuring unit measures the deformation amount of the rolling wheel that moves while rotating on the ground while being in contact with the ground, and the ground rigidity calculating unit measures the rolling wheel measured by the deformation amount measuring unit. The ground stiffness is calculated based on the amount of deformation. As a result, the rigidity of the ground can be calculated while the wheels are moving on the ground, so that the rigidity of the ground can be calculated without requiring the installation of a measuring instrument on the ground.

  In this case, the wheel is hollow, and the deformation amount measuring unit preferably includes a deformation amount sensor that is disposed inside the wheel and measures the deformation amount of the wheel by contacting the inner peripheral surface of the wheel. It is.

  According to this configuration, the deformation amount sensor of the deformation amount measuring unit is disposed inside the hollow wheel, and measures the amount of deformation of the wheel by contacting the inner peripheral surface of the wheel. The deformation amount of the wheel can be measured with high accuracy while preventing damage due to contact with the ground.

  In this case, the deformation amount sensor includes a first contact portion that contacts the first portion of the inner peripheral surface of the wheel, and a second contact portion that contacts a second portion different from the first portion of the inner peripheral surface of the wheel. Including the deformation of the wheel by measuring at least one of the expansion / contraction amount of the length between the first contact portion and the second contact portion and the distortion generated between the first contact portion and the second contact portion. It is preferred to measure the amount.

  According to this configuration, the length between the first contact portion in contact with the first portion of the inner peripheral surface of the wheel and the second contact portion in contact with the second portion of the inner peripheral surface of the wheel is determined by the deformation amount sensor. The amount of deformation in the radial direction of the wheel is measured by measuring at least one of the amount of expansion and contraction and the distortion generated between the first contact portion and the second contact portion. The amount of deformation can be measured.

  Further, the wheel is hollow, and the deformation amount measuring unit is arranged inside the wheel and measures the deformation amount of the wheel by emitting one of radio waves, light, and sound waves on the inner peripheral surface of the wheel. It is preferable to have a deformation amount sensor.

  According to this configuration, the deformation amount sensor of the deformation amount measuring unit is disposed inside the hollow wheel, and contacts the wheel by emitting one of radio waves, light, and sound waves on the inner peripheral surface of the wheel. Therefore, the deformation amount of the wheel can be measured with high accuracy.

  Further, the wheel is hollow, and the deformation amount measuring unit has a deformation amount sensor that measures the deformation amount of the wheel by changing the wavelength of light propagating through the optical fiber disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the wheel. Is preferred.

  According to this configuration, the deformation amount sensor of the deformation amount measuring unit measures the deformation amount of the wheel by changing the wavelength of the light propagating through the optical fiber disposed inside the hollow wheel. It becomes easier to arrange the inside of the wheel.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the rolling wheel is a rolling wheel that compacts the ground by rotating while applying pressure to the ground.

  According to this configuration, since the rolling wheel is a rolling wheel that compacts the ground by rotating while applying pressure to the ground, the rigidity of the ground can be calculated while the ground is compacted.

  In this case, it is preferable that the wheel is a rolling wheel with tamping having a plurality of feet protruding from the outer peripheral surface in contact with the ground of the wheel.

  Conventionally, when the ground is compacted by a rolling wheel with tamping that has a foot, unevenness due to the foot remains on the ground, which requires a great deal of labor and time for leveling to install the measuring instrument on the ground. It was. On the other hand, according to the above configuration, since the rigidity of the ground can be calculated without requiring installation of a measuring instrument on the ground, labor and time can be significantly reduced.

  Further, the wheel is a tire filled with air, and the deformation amount measuring unit is a pneumatic sensor that measures the air pressure of the air filled inside the tire and a tire height that measures the height of the tire relative to the ground. A deformation amount sensor including at least one of the sensors, measuring the deformation amount of the wheel as information including at least one of the air pressure measured by the air pressure sensor and the tire height measured by the tire height sensor; It is preferable that the ground rigidity calculating unit calculates the rigidity of the ground based on at least one of air pressure and tire height included in the deformation amount of the wheel measured by the deformation amount measuring unit.

  According to this configuration, the deformation amount measuring unit uses the deformation amount measuring unit as information including at least one of the air pressure measured by the air pressure sensor of the deformation amount sensor and the tire height measured by the tire height sensor of the deformation amount sensor. The amount of deformation is measured, and the ground rigidity calculation unit calculates the rigidity of the ground based on at least one of the air pressure and the tire height included in the deformation amount of the wheel measured by the deformation amount measurement unit. The rigidity of the ground can be calculated more easily by measuring the air pressure and height of a tire that can be easily measured.

  In this case, it is preferable that the rolling wheel is a rolling wheel that compacts the ground by rotating while applying pressure to the ground.

  The deformation amount measuring unit has a rotary connector that propagates a signal output from the deformation amount sensor arranged on the rotating wheel to the outside of the wheel, and is output from the deformation amount sensor via the rotary connector. It is preferable to measure the deformation amount of the wheel by receiving the signal outside the wheel.

  According to this configuration, the deformation amount measuring unit transmits the signal of the deformation amount sensor via the rotary connector that propagates the signal output from the deformation amount sensor disposed on the rotating wheel to the outside of the wheel. Since the signal is received externally, the signal of the deformation sensor can be reliably received.

  The deformation amount measurement unit has a wireless transmitter that propagates a signal output from a deformation amount sensor disposed on the rotating wheel to the outside of the wheel by wireless communication, and the deformation amount is measured via the wireless transmitter. It is preferable to measure the deformation amount of the wheel by receiving the signal output from the sensor outside the wheel.

  According to this configuration, the deformation amount measuring unit transmits the signal output from the deformation amount sensor disposed on the rotating wheel to the signal of the deformation amount sensor via the wireless transmitter that propagates to the outside of the wheel by wireless communication. Is received outside the wheel, so that the deformation amount sensor can be arranged more easily.

  In addition, a position detection unit that detects the position of at least one of the two-dimensional space and the three-dimensional space of the ground in contact with the wheel, and the ground calculated by the ground rigidity calculation unit for each position detected by the position detection unit It is preferable to further include a display unit for displaying the rigidity of the.

  According to this configuration, the display unit calculates the ground rigidity calculated by the ground rigidity calculation unit for each of the positions of the two-dimensional space and the three-dimensional space of the ground in contact with the wheel detected by the position detection unit. Since the rigidity is displayed, it is easy to confirm the calculation result of the ground rigidity at each position.

  The present invention also includes a step of measuring a deformation amount of a wheel that moves while rotating on the ground while being in contact with the ground, and a ground rigidity of the ground compaction management device. A ground compaction management method including a step of calculating ground rigidity based on the amount of deformation of the roller wheel measured by the step of measuring the amount of deformation of the wheel by the calculating unit.

  According to the ground compaction management device and the ground compaction management method of the present invention, the rigidity of the ground can be calculated without requiring the installation of a measuring instrument on the ground.

It is a figure which shows the ground compaction management apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. (A) shows the aspect which receives the signal output from the deformation amount sensor arrange | positioned at a wheel via a rotary connector, (B) is from the deformation amount sensor arrange | positioned at a wheel via a wireless transmitter. It is a figure which shows the aspect which receives the output signal. (A) shows the state where the wheel is in contact with the ground, (B) shows the state where the wheel applied to the ground is in contact with the soft ground, and (C) shows that the wheel is in contact with the ground. It is a figure which shows the state in which the wheel to which the load was applied is contacting the hard ground. (A) shows a state where spherical objects are in contact with each other, (B) shows a state where the rolling wheels are in contact with the ground, and (C) shows a rolling wheel where a load is applied to the ground. It is a figure which shows the state which is contacting. (A) is a figure which shows the aspect which displays the rigidity of the ground calculated for every position of the two-dimensional space of the ground which the wheel contact | connected, (B) is the position of the three-dimensional space of the ground which the wheel contacted It is a figure which shows the aspect which displays the rigidity of the ground calculated for every. (A) shows the state in which the wheel on which the deformation amount sensor according to the second embodiment is arranged is in contact with the soft ground, and (B) shows the wheel on which the deformation amount sensor according to the second embodiment is arranged. It is a figure which shows the state which is in contact with the hard ground. It is a figure which shows the roller wheel by which the deformation amount sensor which concerns on 3rd Embodiment is arrange | positioned. It is a figure which shows the roller wheel by which the deformation amount sensor which concerns on 4th Embodiment is arrange | positioned. It is a figure which shows the ground compaction management apparatus which concerns on 5th Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the wheel by which the deformation amount sensor which concerns on 5th Embodiment is arrange | positioned. (A) shows a state in which the wheels that are tires are in contact with the soft ground, (B) shows a state in which the wheels that are tires are in contact with the ground of intermediate hardness, and (C) It is a figure which shows the state which the wheel which is a tire is contacting with the hard ground. It is a graph which shows the change of the radius ratio of the reference radius of a tire with respect to the tire air pressure, and the height of a tire. It is a figure which shows the ground compaction management apparatus which concerns on 6th Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, a ground compaction management device and a ground compaction management method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

(First embodiment)
As shown in FIG. 1, the ground compaction management device 10 a according to the first embodiment is configured as a compacting machine having a compaction wheel with tamping, and calculates the rigidity of the ground 100 while compacting the ground 100. The ground compaction management device 10a includes a wheel 20a, a driving wheel 30, a vehicle body 40, a deformation amount measuring unit 50, a ground stiffness calculating unit 60, a driver's seat 70, and a display unit 80.

  The wheel 20a is made of metal and has a cylindrical shape. The wheel 20a moves while rotating on the ground 100 while being in contact with the ground 100. The rolling wheel 20a is a rolling wheel that compacts the ground 100 by rotating while applying pressure to the ground 100. The roller 20a is a tamping-equipped rolling wheel having a plurality of feet 21 protruding from the outer peripheral surface 22 in contact with the ground 100 of the wheel 20a. The wheel 20a may be one that compacts the ground 100 while applying vibration to the ground 100. Further, the roller 20a may be a roller wheel having a flat outer peripheral surface 22 that does not have the foot 21.

  The drive wheels 30 are rotated by a power source (not shown) mounted on the vehicle body 40 to move the ground compaction management device 10a on the ground 100. The drive wheel 30 is a tire filled with air. The driving wheel 30 may be a rolling wheel that compacts the ground 100, like the rolling wheel 20a. Similarly to the rolling wheel 20a, the driving wheel 30 may be a tamping-equipped rolling wheel having a plurality of feet projecting from the outer peripheral surface in contact with the ground 100 of the driving wheel 30.

  The vehicle body 40 includes a deformation amount measurement unit 50, a ground stiffness calculation unit 60, a driver seat 70, a display unit 80, and a position detection unit 90. The deformation amount measuring unit 50 measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20a. The ground stiffness calculation unit 60 calculates the stiffness of the ground 100 based on the deformation amount of the wheel 20a measured by the deformation amount measurement unit 50. The deformation amount measuring unit 50 and the ground stiffness calculating unit 60 are configured as an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), for example. The ECU is an electronic control unit having a CPU [Central Processing Unit], a ROM [Read Only Memory], a RAM [Random Access Memory], and the like. In the ECU, a program stored in the ROM is loaded into the RAM and executed by the CPU, thereby executing processing in the deformation amount measuring unit 50 and the ground stiffness calculating unit 60.

  The display unit 80 displays the stiffness of the ground 100 calculated by the ground stiffness calculating unit 60 for each position in at least one of the two-dimensional space and the three-dimensional space of the ground in contact with the wheel 20a. The display unit 80 is, for example, a liquid crystal display that displays an image of the rigidity of the ground 100 for a driver who performs a driving operation of the ground compaction management device 10 a at the driver seat 70.

  The position detector 90 detects the position of at least one of the two-dimensional space and the three-dimensional space of the ground in contact with the wheel 20a. The position detection unit 90 may be configured by, for example, a GPS [Global Positioning System] receiver. The GPS receiver measures the position (for example, latitude and longitude) of the wheel 20a by receiving signals from three or more GPS satellites. In addition, the position detection unit 90 receives the survey result of the position of the ground compaction management device 10a from a surveying instrument installed outside the ground compaction management device 10a by wireless communication, for example. The position may be detected.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the wheel 20 a is hollow and has an inner peripheral surface 23. Hereinafter, description and illustration regarding the foot 21 of the outer peripheral surface 22 are omitted. The deformation amount measuring unit 50 includes a plurality of deformation amount sensors 51a that are arranged inside the wheel 20a and measure the deformation amount of the wheel 20a by contacting the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a. For example, each of the deformation amount sensors 51a is disposed on the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the wheel 20a. The deformation amount sensor 51a is, for example, a strain gauge attached to the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a. The deformation amount sensor 51a can be disposed on the outer peripheral surface 22 of the wheel 20a, but is preferably disposed inside the wheel 20a in order to prevent the deformation amount sensor 51a from being damaged. .

  The deformation amount measuring unit 50 includes a rotary connector 52 that propagates a signal output from each of the deformation amount sensors 51a disposed on the rotating wheel 20a to the outside of the wheel 20a. The deformation amount measuring unit 50 measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20a by receiving a signal output from each of the deformation amount sensors 51a via the rotary connector 52 outside the wheel 20a.

  As shown in FIG. 2B, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 propagates signals output from the deformation amount sensors 51a arranged on the rotating wheel 20a to the outside of the wheel 20a by wireless communication. The wireless transmitter 53 may be included. For example, the wireless transmitter 53 may propagate the signal output from each of the deformation amount sensors 51a to the deformation amount measurement unit 50 via a network such as WiFi (Wireless Fidelity). The deformation amount measuring unit 50 can measure the deformation amount of the wheel 20a by receiving the signal output from the deformation sensor 51a via the wireless transmitter 53 outside the wheel 20a.

  Further, the data related to the deformation amount of the wheel 20a measured by the deformation sensor 51a may be recorded in a data logger disposed outside the wheel 20a via the rotary connector 52 or the wireless transmitter 53. Good. In addition, a small data logger is arranged inside the wheel 20a, data relating to the deformation amount of the wheel 20a measured by the deformation amount sensor 51a is recorded in the data logger, and the wheel recorded in the data logger. Data regarding the deformation amount of 20a may be transmitted to the deformation amount measuring unit 50 outside the wheel 20a by the wireless transmitter 53.

  Hereinafter, the operation of the ground compaction management method and the ground compaction management apparatus 10a according to the present embodiment will be described. In the present embodiment, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 of the ground compaction management device 10a measures the deformation amount of the rolling wheel 20a that moves while rotating on the ground 100 while being in contact with the ground 100, and the ground compaction management. The ground stiffness calculation unit 60 of the device 10a performs a step of calculating the stiffness of the ground 100 based on the deformation amount of the wheel 20a measured by the step of measuring the deformation amount of the wheel 20a.

In this embodiment, the rigidity (elastic coefficient (Young's modulus)) of the ground 100 is calculated by measuring the deformation amount of the rolling wheel 20a that is a rolling wheel. As shown in FIG. 3A, a case is assumed in which a roller 20 a having an elastic modulus E _A and a Poisson's ratio ν _A contacts the ground 100. When the load P to the ground 100 is applied to the wheel 20a, the ground 100 is harder as shown in FIG. 3 (C) than in the case where the ground 100 is softer as shown in FIG. 3 (B). In the case, the amount of deformation of the wheel 20a is larger. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the same rolling wheel 20a is calibrated in advance on the ground 100 having different rigidity, and the relationship between the ground 100 and the deformation amount of the rolling wheel 20a is grasped, so that The rigidity of the ground 100 can be calculated from the deformation amount of the wheel 20a.

In the present embodiment, the elastic coefficient of the ground 100 can be calculated by applying Hertz's elastic contact theory. As shown in FIG. 4 (A), the elastic modulus _{E A,} Poisson's ratio [nu _A, and the object A of radius _{R A,} the elastic modulus _{E B,} Poisson's ratio [nu _B, is brought into contact with the object B of radius _{R B,} load Assume that P is given. Both the object A and the object B are deformed by the load P, but the object A and the object B are in contact with a surface instead of a point, and the distributed load acts on the contact surface between the object A and the object B. The deformation amount of the object A and the object B changes depending on the size of the object A. In Hertz's elastic contact theory, assuming that the pressure on the contact surface is distributed in a semicircular shape, the size of the contact surface is obtained, and the deformation amounts of the object A and the object B are obtained.

When the distance that the object A and the object B approach by the deformation of the object A and the object B is indicated by an approach distance δ, the elastic coefficient E _A , Poisson's ratio ν _A , radius R _A of the object _A , With respect to the elastic modulus E _B , Poisson's ratio ν _B , and radius R _B , the load P can be calculated by the following equation (1).

As shown in FIG. 4 (B), the elastic object A coefficient _{E A,} Poisson's ratio [nu _A, a track roller 20a of radius _{R A,} the elastic object B coefficients _{E B,} Poisson's ratio [nu _B, the radius _{R B} Considering the infinite ground 100, the elastic coefficient E _A , Poisson's ratio ν _A , and radius R _A of the wheel 20a are known amounts. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4C, when the deformation amount of the wheel 20a due to the load P is measured, the size of the contact surface can be known. On the other hand, regarding the ground 100, the elastic modulus E _B and Poisson's ratio ν _B are unknown. However, the Poisson's ratio ν _B is a parameter that does not greatly affect the deformation amount of the wheel 20a. Therefore, there is no practical problem even if the same approximate value is always used. That is, the elastic coefficient E _B of the ground 100 can be obtained by the following equation (2) from the size of the contact surface obtained from the deformation amount of the wheel 20a, the load P, and the assumed Poisson's ratio ν _B of the ground 100. it can.

  For the approach distance δ, for example, the deformation amount in the vertical direction of the wheel 20a is calculated from the distortion of the wheel 20a detected by the deformation sensor 51a, and one half of the deformation amount in the vertical direction of the wheel 20a is approached. The distance δ can be used. The load P can be, for example, the own weight of the wheel 20a when the wheel 20a is not vibrated. When vibrating the wheel 20a, an acceleration sensor is arranged on the wheel 20a, and the load P can be obtained from the acceleration of the wheel 20a detected by the acceleration sensor and the mass of the wheel 20a.

In the calculation of the stiffness of the ground 100 of the present embodiment, always, there is no need to calculate the absolute value of the elastic modulus E _B. For example, for the same track roller 20a, in advance subjected to calibration on different ground 100 rigid, determine the amount of deformation of track roller 20a of the approach distance δ and the like obtained in advance acceptable elastic modulus of the ground 100 E _B In addition, whether or not the rigidity of the ground 100 is within an allowable range may be calculated based on whether or not the deformation amount has been reached.

  When the ground compaction management device 10a calculates the rigidity of the ground 100 while compacting the ground 100 with the rolling wheels 20a, the position detection unit 90 is displayed on the display screen 81a of the display unit 80 as shown in FIG. The rigidity of the ground 100 calculated by the ground rigidity calculating unit 60 is displayed for each position in the two-dimensional space of the ground 100 that is in contact with the wheel 20a detected by the above. On the display screen 81a, the vehicle icon 84a indicating the position of the ground compaction management device 10a, a compaction completion region 82 that satisfies a predetermined standard rigidity, and compaction that does not satisfy the predetermined standard rigidity have not been completed. The area 83 is displayed as a plane distribution map in plan view.

  When the ground compaction management device 10a calculates the rigidity of the ground 100 while compacting the ground 100 with the rolling wheels 20a, the position detection is performed on the display screen 81b of the display unit 80 as shown in FIG. The stiffness of the ground 100 calculated by the ground stiffness calculating unit 60 may be displayed for each position in the three-dimensional space of the ground 100 that is in contact with the wheel 20a detected by the unit 90. On the display screen 81b, together with the own vehicle icon 84b indicating the position of the ground compaction management device 10a, a compaction completion region 82 and a compaction incomplete region 83 are displayed as a spatial distribution diagram in a stereoscopic view.

  According to the present embodiment, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20a that moves while rotating on the ground 100 while being in contact with the ground 100, and the ground stiffness calculating unit 60 measures the deformation amount measuring unit. The rigidity of the ground 100 is calculated based on the deformation amount of the rolling wheel 20a measured by 50. Thereby, since the rolling wheel 20a can calculate the rigidity of the ground 100 while moving on the ground 100, the rigidity of the ground 100 can be calculated without requiring the installation of a measuring instrument on the ground 100. . In addition, unlike the method of installing a measuring instrument on the ground 100, since the measurement points are not discrete, the possibility of overlooking a poor quality portion of the ground is also reduced.

  The deformation amount sensor 51a of the deformation amount measuring unit 50 is disposed inside the hollow wheel 20a and measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20a by contacting the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a. The deformation amount of the wheel 20a can be measured with high accuracy while preventing damage due to contact of the sensor 51a with the ground 100.

  In addition, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 rotates the signal of the deformation amount sensor 51a via the rotary connector 52 that propagates the signal output from the deformation amount sensor 51a disposed on the rotating wheel 20a to the outside of the wheel 20a. Since the signal is received outside the wheel 20a, the signal of the deformation amount sensor 51a can be reliably received. Alternatively, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 may deform the signal output from the deformation amount sensor 51a disposed on the rotating wheel 20a via the wireless transmitter 53 that propagates to the outside of the wheel 20a by wireless communication. Is received outside the wheel 20a, the arrangement of the deformation amount sensor 51a becomes easier.

  Moreover, since the rolling wheel 20a is a rolling wheel that compacts the ground 100 by rotating while applying pressure to the ground 100, the rigidity of the ground 100 can be calculated while the ground 100 is compacted. Conventionally, when the ground 100 is compacted by a tamping-type rolling wheel having a foot 21, unevenness due to the foot 21 remains on the ground, and a great amount of labor and time such as leveling for installing the measuring device on the ground is required. It was necessary. On the other hand, according to this embodiment, since the rigidity of the ground 100 can be calculated without requiring the installation of a measuring instrument on the ground 100, labor and time can be significantly reduced.

  Further, the ground calculated by the ground stiffness calculating unit 60 is displayed by the display unit 80 for each of at least one of the two-dimensional space and the three-dimensional space of the ground 100 in contact with the wheel 20a detected by the position detecting unit 90. Since the rigidity of 100 is displayed, it is easy to confirm the calculation result of the rigidity of the ground 100 at each position.

  That is, in this embodiment, regarding the evaluation of the rigidity of the ground 100 in land preparation work, embankment work (dam, embankment), road work, etc., a rigidity measuring device is mounted on the vehicle and measurement is performed while the vehicle is running. Thus, it is possible to save labor and time required for the measurement by relieving the trouble of moving the measuring instrument. Further, the position corresponding to the measured rigidity of the ground 100 can be specified two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally by sequentially specifying the position of the wheel 20a by the position detector 90. Further, since the plane 80 or the spatial distribution map of the rigidity of the ground 100 is displayed on the display screens 81a and 81b in real time by the display unit 80, the driver of the ground compaction management device 10a visually confirms the measurement result. Therefore, the measurement work and the compaction work can be performed, and the efficiency of the measurement work and the compaction work can be greatly improved.

(Second Embodiment)
Hereinafter, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted. As shown in FIG. 6A, the deformation amount sensor 51b includes a first contact portion 54a that contacts the first portion 24a of the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a and a first portion of the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a. And a second contact portion 54b in contact with a second portion 24b different from 24a.

  The deformation amount sensor 51b is, for example, a rod-like member that can serve as a spoke of the wheel 20a that can be disposed later on the wheel 20a of an existing compacting machine. A first contact portion 54a and a second contact portion 54b are disposed at both ends of the deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-shaped member. The deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-shaped member, is configured with, for example, dimensions and materials that can contact the first part 24a and the second part 24b that face each other across the central axis of the wheel 20a. In the example of FIG. 6A, the pair of deformation amount sensors 51b are arranged so as to form 90 ° with each other when viewed from the central axis of the wheel 20a. The number of deformation amount sensors 51b arranged on the wheel 20a is arbitrary. Depending on the type of the wheel 20a, the deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-shaped member, is disposed so as to avoid the central axis of the wheel 20a.

  The deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-like member, can be expanded and contracted so as to be compatible with the rolling wheels 20a having various diameters. The deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-shaped member, does not come out of the first part 24a and the second part 24b when the distance between the first part 24a and the second part 24b is extended due to the deformation of the wheel 20a. In a state where a compression force is applied in advance. The 1st contact part 54a and the 2nd contact part 54b should just be in contact with the 1st site | part 24a and the 2nd site | part 24b, respectively, and do not necessarily need to be fixed by welding. The arrangement of the rotary connector 52 and the wireless transmitter 53 that propagate the signal output from the deformation amount sensor 51b can be the same as in the first embodiment.

  The deformation amount sensor 51b measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20a by measuring the length of expansion / contraction between the first contact portion 54a and the second contact portion 54b. As shown in FIG. 6A, when the ground 100 is soft at the initial stage of compaction of the ground 100, there is no significant difference in the amount of expansion / contraction of the deformation amount sensor 51b. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the ground 100 is compacted and the ground 100 becomes hard, the vertical deformation amount sensor 51b contracts and the horizontal deformation amount sensor 51b extends.

  For this reason, for example, even when the initial value of the expansion / contraction amount of the deformation amount sensor 51b fluctuates when the wheel 20a is vibrated, by detecting the difference between the expansion / contraction amounts of the deformation amount sensor 51b. The amount of deformation of the wheel 20a can be detected. For example, a quarter of the difference between the expansion / contraction amounts of the deformation amount sensor 51b can be set as the approach distance δ described above. Further, when the difference between the expansion and contraction amounts of the deformation amount sensors 51b exceeds a value set in advance by calibration, it may be determined that the ground 100 has reached the standard and the compaction of the ground 100 has been completed.

  The deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-shaped member, measures the strain generated between the first contact portion 54a and the second contact portion 54b with, for example, a strain gauge attached to the rod-shaped member, thereby rotating the wheel 20a. The amount of deformation may be measured. As a result, even if the deformation amount of the wheel 20a is about several millimeters, it is possible to detect a variation in distortion due to expansion and contraction acting on the deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-shaped member, to a level that is not buried in noise.

  Further, in order to prevent the deformation amount sensor 51b, which is a rod-like member, from being detached from the wheel 20a when the vertical condition or excessive vertical vibration is applied to the wheel 20a, the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a is powerful. A ring-shaped rubber member having a recess in the center may be bonded to the first portion 24a and the second portion 24b with an adhesive. Each of the first contact portion 54a and the second contact portion 54b of the deformation amount sensor 51b may be fitted into a recess of a rubber member bonded to the first portion 24a and the second portion 24b. This prevents the deformation amount sensor 51b from being detached from the wheel 20a even under poor conditions or excessive vertical vibrations acting on the wheel 20a. Further, the modification to such an extent that the rubber member is bonded to the first part 24a and the second part 24b has little influence on the wheel 20a and the modification effort.

  According to the present embodiment, the deformation sensor 51b allows the first contact portion 54a in contact with the first portion 24a of the inner peripheral surface 23 of the roller wheel 20a and the second portion 24b of the inner peripheral surface 23 of the roller wheel 20a to be in contact with each other. The amount of deformation in the radial direction of the wheel 20a is measured by measuring at least one of the expansion / contraction amount of the length between the two contact portions 54b and the distortion generated between the first contact portion 54a and the second contact portion 54b. Therefore, the deformation amount of the wheel 20a can be measured with higher accuracy. Further, since a strain gauge or the like is not directly attached to the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a, noise due to vibration can be relatively reduced.

  Further, the deformation amount sensor 51b of the present embodiment can be disposed later on the wheel 20a of the existing compacting machine, and is easily disposed, removed, and replaced on the wheel 20a. Further, in the deformation amount sensor 51b of the present embodiment, it is relatively easy to store cables and cords. Furthermore, the deformation amount sensor 51b of the present embodiment can cope with changes in the compaction machine model and the diameter of the wheel 20a.

(Third embodiment)
Hereinafter, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the following description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 is disposed inside the hollow wheel 20a, and emits one of radio waves, light, and sound waves to the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a. A plurality of deformation amount sensors 51c for measuring the deformation amount are provided. For example, each of the deformation amount sensors 51c is arranged on the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the wheel 20a. Each of the deformation amount sensors 51c is not necessarily arranged over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction of the wheel 20a on the inner circumferential surface 23. For example, the half circumference in the circumferential direction of the wheel 20a on the inner circumferential surface 23 is not necessarily required. What is necessary is just to be arrange | positioned over.

  For example, the deformation amount sensor 51c irradiates laser light from the semiconductor laser onto the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a facing from the place where the deformation amount sensor 51c is disposed, and condenses the light reflected from the inner peripheral surface 23 with a light receiving lens. Thus, a triangulation type non-contact displacement meter that forms an image on the light receiving element can be used. When the distance between the deformation amount sensor 51c and the inner peripheral surface 23 changes due to the deformation of the wheel 20a, the angle of the reflected light that is collected changes, and the position on which the image is formed on the light receiving element changes accordingly. The change in the imaging position on the light receiving element is proportional to the change in the distance between the deformation amount sensor 51c and the inner peripheral surface 23. Therefore, the deformation amount sensor 51c can measure the deformation amount of the wheel 20a from the amount of change in the imaging position. The deformation amount sensor 51c may emit radio waves or sound waves instead of laser light. The arrangement of the rotary connector 52, the wireless transmitter 53, and the like that propagate the signal output from the deformation amount sensor 51c can be the same as in the first embodiment.

  According to this embodiment, the deformation amount sensor 51c of the deformation amount measuring unit 50 is disposed inside the hollow wheel 20a, and emits any one of radio waves, light, and sound waves on the inner peripheral surface of the wheel 20a. Since the deformation amount of the wheel 20a is measured without contacting the wheel 20a, the deformation amount of the wheel 20a can be measured with high accuracy.

(Fourth embodiment)
The fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In the following description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted. As shown in FIG. 8, the deformation amount measurement unit 50 measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20 a by changing the wavelength of light propagating through the optical fiber disposed on the inner peripheral surface 23 of the hollow wheel 20 a. It has a sensor 51d. The deformation amount sensor 51d is composed of one optical fiber disposed on the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a over the entire circumference of the wheel 20a in the circumferential direction. The deformation amount sensor 51d can be disposed on the outer peripheral surface 22 of the wheel 20a, but is preferably disposed inside the wheel 20a in order to prevent the deformation amount sensor 51d from being damaged. .

  When distortion occurs at a certain position of the optical fiber on which incident light whose wavelength changes periodically is incident, the wavelength of the reflected light is shifted by that position. Therefore, the deformation amount sensor 51d detects which position of the optical fiber is distorted by comparing the incident light and the reflected light after being distorted. Thereby, the deformation amount sensor 51d can measure the deformation amount of the wheel 20a. The arrangement of the rotary connector 52, the wireless transmitter 53, and the like that propagate the signal output from the deformation amount sensor 51c can be the same as in the first embodiment.

  According to the present embodiment, the deformation amount sensor 51d of the deformation amount measuring unit 50 measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20a based on the change in the wavelength of light propagating through the optical fiber disposed inside the hollow wheel 20a. Therefore, it becomes easier to dispose the deformation amount sensor 51d inside the wheel 20a. That is, in this embodiment, it is not necessary to arrange a plurality of sensors on the inner peripheral surface 23 of the wheel 20a, and it is only necessary to arrange one optical fiber on the inner peripheral surface 23. Therefore, the wheel of the deformation amount sensor 51d is used. It is easy to place, remove, and replace 20a.

(Fifth embodiment)
The fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In the following description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted. As shown in FIG. 9, in the ground compaction management device 10b of the present embodiment, the rigidity of the ground 100 is calculated by the rolling wheels 20b while the ground 100 is compacted by the rolling wheels 20a. The wheel 20b is a tire filled with air. The wheel 20b moves the ground compaction management device 10a on the ground 100 in the same manner as the drive wheel 30 of the ground compaction management device 10b of the first embodiment. In the ground compaction management device 10b, the rigidity of the ground 100 may be calculated also by the rolling wheels 20a, as in the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 calculates the air pressure sensor 55 that measures the air pressure of the air filled inside the tire that is the wheel 20 b and the height r of the tire that is the wheel 20 b relative to the ground 100. A deformation amount sensor 51e including a tire height sensor 56 to be measured is included. The deformation amount measuring unit 50 measures the deformation amount of the wheel 20b as information including at least one of the air pressure measured by the air pressure sensor 55 and the tire height r which is the wheel 20b measured by the tire height sensor 56. To do.

  The air pressure sensor 55 is a sensor that is attached to the inside of the tire that is the wheel 20b or the wheel of the tire, and measures the air pressure of the tire. The air pressure sensor 55 detects the air pressure of the tire and transmits information related to the air pressure of the tire that is the wheel 20b by wireless communication to the deformation amount measuring unit 50 on the vehicle body side.

  In addition, the tire height sensor 56 is disposed, for example, on the rotation shaft of the wheel 20b, and, like the deformation amount sensor 51c of the third embodiment described above, from the rotation shaft of the wheel 20b to the surface of the ground 100 from the semiconductor laser. A non-contact displacement meter of a triangulation system that irradiates a laser beam, collects light reflected from the surface of the ground 100 with a light receiving lens, and forms an image on the light receiving element can be used. The tire height sensor 56 may measure the tire height r with a contact displacement meter. Further, the tire height sensor 56 does not necessarily have to be disposed on the rotating shaft of the wheel 20b, and it is sufficient if it can detect a change in the tire height r. The tire height sensor 56 transmits information related to the height r of the tire that is the wheel 20b with respect to the ground 100 to the deformation amount measuring unit 50 on the vehicle body side by wireless communication. Note that both the air pressure sensor 55 and the tire height sensor 56 may be of the type using the rotary connector 52 as in the first embodiment.

The ground rigidity calculation unit 60 calculates the rigidity of the ground 100 based on the air pressure and the tire height r included in the deformation amount of the wheel 20b measured by the deformation amount measurement unit 50. The radius ratio (r / r ₀ ) between the tire reference radius r 0 and the tire height r relative to the tire air pressure is assumed to be proportional on a road surface having the same hardness. The reference radius r ₀ of the tire is a radius of the tire on the ground 100 where the compaction is completed and the amount of the tire to be ground into the ground 100 can be regarded as zero.

Figure 11 (A) and FIG. 12, soft is ground 100, if the elastic modulus of the ground 100 is an elastic coefficient _{E 1} is soft and ground 100, since the amount of deformation of the tire is a rolling wheel 20b is smaller The air pressure p of the tire is lowered. Further, since the tire which is the wheel 20b is greatly recessed into the ground 100, the tire height r is reduced, and the radius ratio (r / r ₀ ) between the tire reference radius r ₀ and the tire height r is reduced. .

Figure 11 (B) and FIG. 12, the ground 100 is hardened by compaction by rolling wheel 20a, the elastic modulus elasticity coefficient of the ground 100 is an elastic coefficient _{E 1} elastic coefficient _{E 2,} and the elastic coefficient _{E 2} If a E _3, since the deformation amount of the tire is a rolling wheel 20b is increased, the air pressure p of the tire is increased. Further, since the amount of indentation into the ground 100 of the tire, which is the wheel 20b, decreases, the tire height r increases, and the radius ratio (r / r ₀ ) between the tire reference radius r ₀ and the tire height r. Will increase.

As shown in FIG. 11C and FIG. 12, when the compaction by the rolling wheel 20a is completed and the elastic coefficient of the ground 100 becomes the elastic coefficient _Etgt , the air pressure p of the tire that is the rolling wheel 20b is further increased. The amount of increase into the ground 100 of the tire, which is the wheel 20b, is ₀ , and the radius ratio (r / r ₀ ) between the tire reference radius r ₀ and the tire height r is 1.

On the ground 100 having the same hardness, the air pressure p of the tire as the wheel 20b and the radius ratio (r / r ₀ ) between the reference radius r ₀ of the tire and the height r of the tire are indicated by the solid line in FIG. For tires having the same initial condition as a straight line as shown by a straight line, the relationship as shown by the above-described broken curve in FIG. 12 is constant on the ground 100 having various hardnesses. This is because, as with the metal wheel 20a of the first embodiment described above, from the Hertz elastic contact theory, the hard ground 100 tends to deform the tire that is the wheel 20b, and the tire is deformed as the tire deforms. This is because the air pressure increases, and conversely, the soft ground 100 does not deform the tire and the tire air pressure p decreases.

Therefore, by continuously measuring the tire air pressure p and the tire height r, it is possible to determine whether or not the rigidity of the ground 100 has reached the target value. In the case of a tire having the same initial condition as the wheel 20b, the tire air pressure p and the radius ratio (r / r ₀ ) between the tire reference radius r ₀ and the tire height r are shown in FIG. Since the reference radius r _{0 of the} tire is a known amount, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 measures only one of the tire air pressure p and the tire height r to calculate the ground stiffness. The unit 60 can calculate the rigidity of the ground 100 based on only one of the tire air pressure p and the tire height r.

  In the present embodiment, the deformation amount measuring unit 50 calculates at least one of the air pressure p measured by the air pressure sensor 55 of the deformation amount sensor 51e and the tire height r measured by the tire height sensor 56 of the deformation amount sensor 51e. As the information to be included, the deformation amount of the wheel 20b is measured, and at least one of the air pressure p and the tire height r included in the deformation amount of the wheel 20b measured by the deformation amount measurement unit 50 by the ground rigidity calculation unit 60. Therefore, the rigidity of the ground 100 can be calculated more easily by measuring the tire pressure p and the tire height r, which are easy to measure.

(Sixth embodiment)
The sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described below. In the following description, the description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment is omitted. As shown in FIG. 13, in the ground compaction management device 10c of this embodiment, the wheel 20b is a tire filled with air. The rolling wheel 20b is a rolling wheel that compacts the ground 100 by rotating while applying pressure to the ground 100. That is, the ground compaction management device 10c is configured as a compaction machine that is a tire roller. The configuration of the deformation amount sensor 51e and the like in the wheel 20b is the same as that in the fifth embodiment.

  According to this embodiment, the rolling wheel 20b is a rolling wheel of a tire roller that compacts the ground 100 by rotating while applying pressure to the ground 100. Therefore, the ground 20 is compacted while the ground 100 is compacted by the rolling wheel 20b. A stiffness of 100 can be calculated.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is implemented in various forms, without being limited to the said embodiment. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the rolling wheels 20a and 20b are rolling wheels that compact the ground 100 by rotating while applying pressure to the ground 100. However, the rolling wheels 20a and 20b are not necessarily rolling wheels. Not necessarily. For example, the ground compaction management devices 10a and 10b may be configured not as compaction machines but as vehicles that can move on the ground 100 by power or human power.

  In addition, the ground compaction management devices 10a and 10b are not necessarily a compaction machine that travels on the ground 100 by self-propelling, and may be configured as, for example, a traction type compaction machine.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the deformation amount of the wheel 20a is measured as the distortion of the inner peripheral surface 23 or the outer peripheral surface 22 of the roller wheel 20a and the amount of change in the diameter of the roller wheel 20a. , Measured as the air pressure p and the tire height r of the tire 20b, the deformation amount of the wheels 20a, 20b is, for example, a change in shape such as the curvature of the outer peripheral surface 22 of the wheels 20a, 20b. It may be measured as a quantity.

10a, 10b, 10c ... Ground compaction management device, 20a, 20b ... Roller, 21 ... Foot, 22 ... Outer peripheral surface, 23 ... Inner peripheral surface, 24a ... First part, 24b ... Second part, 30 ... Drive wheel , 40 ... body, 50 ... deformation measuring unit, 51a, 51b, 51c, 51d, 51e ... deformation sensor, 52 ... rotary connector, 53 ... wireless transmitter, 54a ... first contact part, 54b ... second contact part , 55 ... Air pressure sensor, 56 ... Tire height sensor, 60 ... Ground stiffness calculation part, 70 ... Driver seat, 80 ... Display part, 81a, 81b ... Display screen, 82 ... Compaction completion area, 83 ... Incomplete compaction regions, 84a, 84b ... vehicle icon 90 ... position detection unit, 100 ... ground, P ... load, A, B ... object, _{R A,} R B _... radius, r ... height, r0 ... reference radius.

Claims (13)

A wheel that moves while rotating on the ground while in contact with the ground;
A deformation amount measuring unit for measuring the deformation amount of the wheel,
Based on the deformation amount of the wheel measured by the deformation amount measurement unit, a ground rigidity calculation unit that calculates the rigidity of the ground,
Ground compaction management device equipped with. The wheel is hollow,
2. The ground according to claim 1, wherein the deformation amount measuring unit includes a deformation amount sensor that is disposed inside the wheel and measures the amount of deformation of the wheel by contacting an inner peripheral surface of the wheel. Compaction management device.   The deformation amount sensor includes a first contact portion that contacts a first portion of the inner peripheral surface of the wheel and a second contact that contacts a second portion different from the first portion of the inner peripheral surface of the wheel. And measuring at least one of the amount of expansion / contraction of the length between the first contact portion and the second contact portion and the distortion generated between the first contact portion and the second contact portion. The ground compaction management device according to claim 2, wherein the deformation amount of the wheel is measured. The wheel is hollow,
The deformation amount measuring unit includes a deformation amount sensor that is disposed inside the wheel and measures the amount of deformation of the wheel by emitting one of radio waves, light, and sound waves on an inner peripheral surface of the wheel. The ground compaction management device according to claim 1. The wheel is hollow,
The deformation amount measuring unit includes a deformation amount sensor that measures the deformation amount of the wheel by changing a wavelength of light propagating through an optical fiber disposed on an inner peripheral surface of the wheel. Ground compaction management device.   The ground compaction management device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the rolling wheel is a compaction wheel that compacts the ground by rotating while applying pressure to the ground.   The ground compaction management device according to claim 6, wherein the roller is a tamping-equipped rolling wheel having a plurality of footes protruding from an outer peripheral surface in contact with the ground of the wheel. The wheel is a tire filled with air inside,
The deformation amount measuring unit includes a deformation amount sensor including at least one of an air pressure sensor that measures an air pressure of air filled in the tire and a tire height sensor that measures a height of the tire with respect to the ground. Measuring the amount of deformation of the wheel as information including at least one of the air pressure measured by the air pressure sensor and the tire height measured by the tire height sensor;
The ground stiffness calculation unit calculates the stiffness of the ground based on at least one of the air pressure and the tire height included in the deformation amount of the wheel measured by the deformation amount measurement unit; The ground compaction management device according to claim 1.   The ground compaction management device according to claim 8, wherein the rolling wheel is a compaction wheel that compacts the ground by rotating while applying pressure to the ground.   The deformation amount measurement unit includes a rotary connector that propagates a signal output from the deformation amount sensor disposed on the rotating wheel to the outside of the wheel, and the deformation amount sensor via the rotary connector. The ground compaction management apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein a deformation amount of the wheel is measured by receiving a signal output from the outside of the wheel.   The deformation amount measuring unit includes a wireless transmitter that propagates a signal output from the deformation amount sensor disposed on the rotating wheel that rotates to the outside of the wheel by wireless communication, and through the wireless transmitter. The ground compaction management device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein the deformation amount of the wheel is measured by receiving a signal output from the deformation amount sensor outside the wheel. . A position detection unit for detecting a position of at least one of a two-dimensional space and a three-dimensional space of the ground in contact with the wheel;
The ground according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a display unit that displays the rigidity of the ground calculated by the ground rigidity calculating unit for each of the positions detected by the position detecting unit. Compaction management device. A step of measuring a deformation amount of a rotating wheel that moves while rotating on the ground while being in contact with the ground by a deformation amount measuring unit of the ground compaction management device;
Calculating the rigidity of the ground based on the deformation amount of the rolling wheel measured by the step of measuring the deformation amount of the rolling wheel by the ground rigidity calculation unit of the ground compaction management device;
Ground compaction management method with

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