JP2017086068A - Neutralizing anti-influenza a virus antibodies and uses thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof that neutralize the infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus.SOLUTION: The invention relates to an antibody and an antigen binding fragment thereof, that specifically bind to an epitope in the stem region of an influenza A hemagglutinin trimer and neutralize group 1 subtype and group 2 subtype of influenza A virus. The invention also relates to immortalized B cells and single plasma cells that produce such antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof, and to a nucleic acid that encodes an epitope that binds to such antibodies and antibody fragments. In addition, the invention relates to the use of such antibodies, antibody fragments and the epitope in screening methods as well as in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of influenza A virus infection.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  Typically, anti-influenza A virus neutralizing antibodies are specific for a given virus subtype. Based on the hemagglutinin (“HA”) protein, 16 types of influenza A subtypes have been defined. The 16 types of HA, that is, H1 to H16, can be classified into two groups. The first group is composed of H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, H12, H13 and H16 subtypes, and the second group includes H3, H4, H7, H10, H14 and H15 subtypes. Is included. All subtypes are present in birds, whereas in humans, the H1, H2 and H3 subtypes cause disease. The H5, H7 and H9 subtypes cause sporadic severe infections in humans and may be prevalent worldwide. H1 and H3 viruses have evolved continuously to produce new mutants, and this phenomenon is called “antigen continuous mutation”. As a result, antibodies produced in response to conventional viruses are either less protective or not at all protective against new types of continuous mutant viruses. As a result, new vaccines are produced every year against the anticipated H1 and H3 viruses, but this approach is very expensive and not always effective. The same can be said for the production of H5 influenza vaccine. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the current H5 vaccine based on influenza A isolated in Vietnam or Indonesia will prevent future infection explosion of H5 virus.

  For these reasons, it is highly desirable to obtain a vaccine that induces a variety of neutralizing antibodies that can neutralize all influenza A virus subtypes, as well as their annual variants (reviewed by Gerhard et al., 2006). In addition, hetero-subtype antibodies that neutralize broadly can be administered as agents for preventing or treating influenza A infection. In order to reduce the production cost, it is important to select an antibody produced at a high titer when producing such a drug.

  So far, the characteristics of antibodies that recognize influenza A virus have been elucidated. Antibodies to M2, an invariant small molecule protein that is expressed in infected cells but not on infectious viruses, have shown some degree of prophylactic effect in the body, probably due to NK cells or cytotoxic T For cell destruction, by targeting infected cells. HA proteins with neutralizing antibodies can also be targeted. HA is synthesized as a homotrimeric precursor polypeptide HA0. Each monomer is independently cleaved after translation to form two types of polypeptides, namely HA1 and HA2, which are linked by a disulfide bond at one site. The larger N-terminal fragment (HA1, 320-330 amino acid residues) forms a globular domain distal to the membrane, which is the majority of the determinants recognized by the receptor binding site and the virus neutralizing antibody. Containing. HA's HA1 polypeptide is involved in viral attachment to the cell surface. The smaller C-terminal part (HA2, about 180 amino acids) forms a stem structure and anchors the globular domain to the cell or viral membrane. The HA2 polypeptide mediates fusion of the viral and cell membranes in the endosome and releases the ribonucleoprotein complex to the cytoplasm.

  The sequence homology between subtypes is less for HA1 polypeptides (homology between subtypes: 34% to 59%) than for HA2 polypeptides (homology: 51% to 80%). The most conserved region is the sequence around the cleavage site, and in particular, 11 N-terminal amino acid residues of HA2 (referred to as fusion peptide) are conserved among all influenza A virus subtypes. A part of this region is exposed as a surface loop in the HA precursor molecule (HA0), but is isolated when HA0 is cut into HA1 / HA2. In summary, there are conserved regions between different HA subtypes, particularly in the HA1-HA2 linking site and the HA2 region. However, these regions may be poorly accessible by neutralizing antibodies.

  To date, there have been very limited success stories in identifying antibodies that neutralize more than one subtype of influenza A virus. Furthermore, the range of neutralization with antibodies identified so far is narrow and the titer is low. Okuno et al immunized mice with influenza virus A / Okuda / 57 (H2N2) and bound the isolated monoclonal antibody (C179) to a conserved epitope of HA2 in vitro and in animal models. In vivo, the H2, H1 and H5 subtypes of influenza A virus group 1 were neutralized (Okuno et al., 1993; Smirnov et al., 1999; Smirnov et al., 2000).

  Gioia et al. Report the presence of antibodies that neutralize H5N1 virus in the serum of some patients who have received conventional seasonal influenza vaccines (Gioia et al., 2008). They suggest that neutralizing activity is obtained with anti-neuraminidase (N1) antibodies. However, no monoclonal antibody was isolated and the target epitope was not characterized. Similarly, it is unclear whether serum antibodies neutralize other subtypes of influenza A virus.

  To date, it binds to epitopes present in the stem region of HA from memory B cells and plasma cells of immune donors and neutralizes part of the influenza A subtype of either group 1 or group 2 Heterosubtypes of human antibodies that can be isolated have been isolated. However, influenza A-specific that targets the conserved HA trimer epitopes in all 16 subtypes and can neutralize both group 1 and group 2 subtype viruses Neutralizing antibodies have not been found so far, and isolating them remains a major goal for therapeutic approaches and vaccine design.

  Despite decades of research, there are no commercially available antibodies that extensively neutralize or inhibit influenza A virus infection or attenuate disease caused by influenza A virus. Accordingly, there is a need to identify novel antibodies that can be used as agents for neutralizing multiple subtypes of influenza A virus and preventing or treating influenza A infection. There is also a need to identify antibodies produced at high titers in order to reduce production costs.

  The present invention isolates natural human monoclonal antibodies that bind to HA and neutralize infection of more than one subtype of influenza A virus from individuals vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccines, as well as the present invention. Based in part on novel epitopes to which the antibodies bind. Accordingly, in one aspect of the invention, the invention provides antibodies and their antigens that neutralize infection of more than one subtype of influenza A virus selected from group 1 and group 2 subtypes Includes binding fragments.

  In one embodiment of the invention, the invention includes isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that neutralize infection of group A and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus. In another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention neutralizes infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and stems of influenza A hemagglutination (HA) trimer An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to an epitope present in the region, wherein the heavy and light chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof are first of the proximal monomer of the HA trimer Contact the amino acid, then contact the amino acid of the distal right monomer.

  In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention neutralizes infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and in the stem region of the HA trimer of influenza A influenza An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to an existing epitope, wherein the heavy and light chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof are first the amino acids of the proximal monomers of the HA trimer And then the amino acid of the distal right monomer, and the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is transfected at a titer that is at least 3 times higher than that produced by FI6 variant 2. Produced in

  In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the present invention neutralizes infection of group A and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and in the stem region of the HA trimer of influenza A influenza An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to an existing epitope, wherein the heavy and light chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof are first conjugated to the amino acid of the proximal monomer of the HA trimer. In contact with the amino acids of the distal right monomer, and the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is: (i) as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, 41 and 43, respectively, or SEQ ID NO: 1, 41 and Heavy chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences as shown in 42; and (ii) light chain CDR1, CDR as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6, respectively, or as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 44, 5 and 6, respectively. And a CDR3 sequence.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the invention provides a complementary determining region (CDR) sequence having at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-6, 17-22 or 41-44. Including at least one isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, the antibody neutralizes influenza A virus.

  In another embodiment of the invention, the invention neutralizes infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and: (i) in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 41 and 43, respectively Heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences as shown or as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 41 and 42, respectively; and (ii) as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 44, 5 respectively. And an isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences as shown in FIGS.

  In yet another embodiment of the invention, the invention provides a heavy chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 17; a heavy chain CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 18 or SEQ ID NO: 41; And an isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a heavy chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 19, SEQ ID NO: 42 or SEQ ID NO: 43, wherein the antibody neutralizes influenza A virus. In yet another embodiment of the invention, the invention provides a light chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 20 or SEQ ID NO: 44; a light chain CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 21; And an isolated antibody comprising a light chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 22, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody neutralizes influenza A virus.

  In yet another embodiment of the invention, the invention comprises an isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody is a light chain comprising the heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. A heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14; or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29 and the amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 30 A light chain variable region comprising the sequence; or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30; or a heavy chain variable region and sequence comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 A light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59; or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 A heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 Including the light chain variable region, the antibody neutralizes group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus. The present invention further comprises an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the antibody is FI6 variant 1, FI6 variant 2, FI6 variant 3, FI6 variant 4 or FI6 variant 5.

  In yet another embodiment of the invention, the invention comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that neutralizes infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus, wherein the antibody or their Fragments are expressed by immortalized B cell clones.

  In another aspect, the invention includes a nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide encoding an antibody or antibody fragment of the invention. In yet another aspect, the present invention includes a vector expressing a nucleic acid molecule of the present invention or a cell expressing an antibody of the present invention or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. In yet another embodiment, the present invention includes a cell comprising the vector of the present invention. In yet another aspect, the invention includes an immunogenic isolated or purified polypeptide comprising an epitope that binds to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention.

  The present invention further includes the antibody of the present invention or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention, a vector containing the nucleic acid molecule of the present invention, a cell expressing the antibody or antibody fragment of the present invention, the vector of the present invention. Or an immunogenic polypeptide of the invention and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier. The present invention also includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising a first antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof and a second antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, wherein the first antibody is an antibody of the present invention, The antibody is any antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that can neutralize infection with influenza A or influenza B virus.

  (I) manufacture of a drug for treating infection with influenza A virus, (ii) vaccine, or (iii) antibody of the present invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof in diagnosis of infection of influenza A virus, Nucleic acids, vectors containing the nucleic acids of the invention, cells expressing the vectors of the invention, immunogenic isolated or purified polypeptides comprising an epitope that binds to the antibodies or antibody fragments of the invention, or pharmaceuticals of the invention The use of the composition is also intended to be within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the antibodies of the present invention or the antibodies for monitoring the quality of an anti-influenza A virus vaccine by confirming that the antigen of the vaccine contains a specific epitope having an appropriate three-dimensional structure Is also intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

  In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preventing, treating or reducing influenza A virus infection or a method for reducing the risk of influenza A virus infection, wherein a therapeutically effective amount of the present invention is provided. Administering the antibody or antigen-binding antibody fragment to a subject in need thereof.

  In a further aspect, the present invention relates to (i) therapy, (ii) in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of influenza A virus infection, (iii) as a vaccine, or (iv) influenza A virus infection. It includes epitopes that specifically bind to the antibodies of the invention or antigen-binding fragments thereof for use in selecting compatible ligands.

The antibody production titer of 293F cells into which a vector expressing a gene encoding FI6 mutant 2, 3, 4 or 5 has been transiently transfected is shown. 2A and 2B represent the surface of the F1 subdomain of H1 HA forming a complex with FI6 variant 3 (shown as FI6 in the figure), respectively. In HA1 and HA2, side chains that contribute to the preservation of hydrophobic grooves are selected and indicated by arrows. The approximate boundary of this groove is indicated by a black line. Thr (40) and Thr (318) are present in HA1, and Ile (45), Trp (21), Thr (41), Leu (38) and 18-21 turns are present in HA2. FI6 variant 3 (shown as FI6 in the figure) bound to the F subdomain of the HA trimer is shown. FIG. 3A shows the H3 HA trimer binding three FI6 variant 3 antibodies by ribbon display. Of the HA monomers, HA1 was colored black and HA2 was colored dark gray, while the other two HA monomers were colored light gray. FIGS. 3B and 3C show enlarged views of the interaction of the LCDR1 loop with the HA monomer fusion peptide adjacent to the H1 / FI6 variant 3 and H3 / FI6 variant 3 complex, respectively. 3D and 3E form a complex with CR6261 (pdb ID: 2GBM) (D) and F10 (pdb: 3FKU) (E), in a similar region compared to FI6 variant 3, However, it shows the structure of a monomer derived from H5 HA, in which the VH domain is located 5 to 10% lower than HA and bound. The interaction of FI6 variant 3 (referred to as FI6-v3 in the figure) with H1 and H3 HA F subdomains is shown. A surface view of the F1 subdomain of H1 HA and H3 HA with selected side chains and comprising the HCDR3 and LCDR1 loops of FI6 variant 3 is described. Proximal HA monomer is shown in light grey, distal right monomer is shown in light grey, and glycan binding to N38 of H3 HA1 is shown as a dark gray sphere. Group specific differences in cross-reactive antibody binding sites are shown. 5A and 5B show the arrangement of Asn-38 on the sugar side chain in the H3 HA apo structure (A) and the FI6 variant 3 binding structure (B). Figures 5C and 5D show the orientation of HA1 Trp-21 in different antibody conjugates. Panel C shows Phe-100D (referred to as FI6 in the figure) of the HCDR3 loop of FI6 variant 3 interacting with the F1 subdomain of H1 or H3 HA. Panel D shows the HCDR2 loop of F10 and CR6261 antibodies. Phe-55 and Phe-54 are shown towards Trp-21 of H5 HA, respectively. The contact surface with respect to HA of FI6 variant 3 is shown. The four panels show the footprints of FI6 variant 3, CR6261 and F10 antibodies (outlined by black lines) against HA. The three HA monomers are shown in white, light or dark gray. FIG. 6A is a contact footprint of uncleaved FI6 variant 3 / H1. FIG. 6B is a contact footprint of the cleaved FI6 variant 3 / H3. FIG. 6C is a CR6261 / H5 contact footprint. And FIG. 6D is a F10 / H5 contact footprint. Unlike CR6261 and F10, FI6 variant 3 contacts two HA monomers. For the FI6 variant 3 complex, the glycosylation site at the antibody / HA interface is labeled. Residues that contact HA in the VH and VK chains of FI6 variant 3 (shown in bold; numbered in Kabat formula) are shown. FIG. 3 shows FI6 variant 3 resulting in prophylaxis in a mouse model for influenza A virus infection. FIG. 8A shows BALB / c administered FI6 variant 3 intravenously at different doses 3 hours prior to intranasal infection with 10 MLD50 (50% lethal dose in mice) H1N1 A / PR / 8/34 virus. Mouse survival curves are shown, FIG. 8B shows weight loss (5 per condition). FIG. 8C shows the weight loss of mice intravenously administered FI6 variant 3 at different doses 3 hours prior to infection with 3 × 10 ⁵ pfu of H3N2 HK-x31 virus (10 per condition). A representative one of three experiments is shown. Mice that received 15 mg / kg FI6 variant 3 intravenously on day 0 (3 hours prior to infection), or 1, 2 and 3 days after infection with 10 MLD50 A / PR / 8/34 virus Also shown are survival curves (figure 8D) and weight loss (figure 8E). A representative one of two experiments is shown. The displayed value is an average value ± SD. FIGS. 8F and 8G show 10 mg / kg (F) or 3 mg / kg (G) FI6 variant 2 (FI6-v2), FI6-v2 KA (Day 1) prior to infection with A / PR / 8/34 virus. The survival curve (10 per condition) of mice administered with FI6-v2 LALA (deficient in complement and FcR binding) or control antibody is shown. Figure 2 shows viral titers in the lungs of mice treated with FI6 variant 3 after administration of a lethal dose of H1N1 PR / 8/34. BALB / c mice (4 per condition) received 15 mg / kg FI6 variant 3 hours before (day 0) or 1, 2 or 3 days after intranasal infection with 10 MLD50 H1N1 PR / 8/34 3 or a control antibody (HJ16, HIV-1 specific antibody) was administered intravenously. Viral titers in the lungs were measured 4 days after infection. The virus was not detected in the brain. Display data in a box chart. The box extends over the 25th to 75th percentile and has a horizontal line at the median. The whiskers shown at the top and bottom of the box mean extreme values. For Student's t-test analysis, ^* is described as p <0.05 and ^*** is described as <0.001. It shows that FI6 variant 3 binds to the HA stem region to interfere with protease-mediated cleavage of HA0. Recombinant HA from H1 NC / 99 isolate was incubated with FI6 variant 3, FE17 (a human antibody that recognizes the Ca2 site of the HA globular head) or a control antibody. The HA-antibody mixture was then exposed to TPCK treated trypsin at 37 ° C. for 5, 10 or 20 minutes. Samples were then run on a polyacrylamide gel, Western blotted, and detected under denaturing conditions with biotinylated human mAb (FO32) that recognizes all influenza A strains HA2 and HA0. Shown is the HA0 band. A representative one of three experiments is shown.

  The present invention detects and isolates natural human monoclonal antibodies that broadly neutralize different subtypes of influenza A virus from individuals vaccinated with seasonal influenza A vaccines, and binds antibodies of the invention Based in part on novel epitopes. Such antibodies are desirable because only one or several antibodies are required to neutralize different subtypes of influenza A virus. Furthermore, the hetero-subtype antibody that performs neutralization extensively is produced at a high titer, thereby reducing the production cost of the drug containing the antibody. In addition, epitopes recognized by such antibodies can be used in vaccines that can induce diverse protection against both different seasonal subtype isolates and subtype isolates that can cause pandemics. Can be part.

  Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides isolated antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof that neutralize at least two influenza A viruses contained in Group 1 and Group 2 subtypes. In one embodiment, the invention provides isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that neutralize infection of group A and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus.

  In another embodiment, the present invention neutralizes infections of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and epitopes present in the stem region of the influenza A HA trimer Providing an isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds, wherein the heavy and light chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof first contact the amino acid of the proximal monomer of the HA trimer; The distal right monomeric amino acid is then contacted.

  As stated above, the HA protein is synthesized as a trimeric precursor polypeptide HA0 (homotrimer) containing three identical monomers. Each monomer may be cleaved independently of the other two monomers or may not be cleaved. When post-translationally cleaved, each monomer forms two polypeptides, HA1 and HA2, which are otherwise linked by a single disulfide bond. The heavy and light chains of the antibodies of the invention contact two of the three monomers of the HA trimer. Monomers contacted by the antibodies of the invention may or may not be cleaved. For purposes of clarity and for purposes of understanding the schematics in the figure, we refer to the two monomers contacted by the antibodies of the invention as the proximal monomer and the distal right monomer.

  As used herein, the terms “antigen-binding fragment”, “fragment” and “antibody fragment” are used interchangeably to refer to any fragment of an antibody of the invention that retains the antigen-binding activity of the antibody. The Examples of antibody fragments include, but are not limited to, single chain antibodies, Fab, Fab ', F (ab') 2, Fv or scFv. Furthermore, as used herein, the term “antibody” includes both antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof.

  As used herein, a “neutralizing antibody” is one that can be neutralized, ie, preventing, inhibiting, reducing, delaying the ability of a pathogen to initiate and / or maintain infection in a host. Or it can interfere. The terms “neutralizing antibody” and “neutralizing antibody (s)” are used interchangeably herein. These antibodies may be used alone or in combination as prophylactic or therapeutic agents, as diagnostic tools, or as manufacturing tools as described herein, based on an appropriate formulation in connection with an active vaccine. Can do.

  By X-ray crystallographic analysis of heterosubtype antibodies specific to group 1 co-crystallized with H1 and H5 HA known in the art, the antibody is only one monomer of the HA trimer. Is shown to interact. Furthermore, tests show that the antibody contacts HA with only the heavy chain CDR residues and not the light chain. In contrast, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention contacts two instead of one of the three HA monomers. In addition, the antibodies of the invention contact HA through both heavy and light chain CDR residues. In addition, the nature of the interaction made by the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention and HA is significantly different from that made by other antibodies, CR6261 and F10. The most striking difference is that the interaction between the antibody of the present invention and the hydrophobic groove on HA is mediated solely by heavy chain CDR3 (HCDR3), whereas CR6261 and F10 bind all three HCDRs to binding. Is to be involved.

  In one embodiment, the heavy chain of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is in contact with an amino acid residue in a proximal monomer, and the light chain of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is near the HA trimer. Contact with any amino acid residue of the position monomer and the distal right monomer. The monomers contacted by the antibodies of the invention, ie, the proximal monomer and the distal right monomer, may be uncleaved or may be cleaved to produce HA1 and HA2 polypeptides. In one embodiment, the proximal monomer and the distal right monomer are cleaved. In other embodiments, the proximal monomer and the distal right monomer are uncleaved.

  The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of the present invention specifically bind to an epitope conserved between 16 different HAs of 16 subtypes of influenza A virus. In one embodiment, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention binds to an epitope comprising the 329th amino acid residue of HA1 and the first, second, third and fourth amino acid residues of HA2, HA2 is present in the uncleaved monomer of the HA trimer.

  In other embodiments, the heavy chain of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention comprises the 318th amino acid residue of HA1 of the proximal or distal right monomer, and 18, 18, 19, 20, 21, 38 of HA2, It contacts amino acid residues 41, 42, 45, 49, 53, and 57. The monomer may be uncut or cleaved.

  In yet another embodiment, the light chain of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention comprises amino acid residues 38, 39, and 43 of HA2 of the uncleaved proximal monomer, and the uncleaved distal right side. It contacts the 327th, 328th and 329th amino acid residues of monomeric HA1, and the first, second, third and fourth amino acid residues of HA2.

  In yet another embodiment, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of the invention comprise the uncleaved proximal monomeric HA1 amino acid residue 318 and HA2 18th, 19, 20, 21, 38, 39. , 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 56 and 57 specifically bind to an epitope comprising amino acid residues. In addition, the antibody is specific for an epitope that includes amino acids 327, 328, 329 of HA1 of the uncut distal right monomer and amino acids 1, 2, 3, and 4 of HA2. To join.

  In other embodiments, the light chain of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention comprises amino acid residues 38, 39, 42, and 46 of HA2 of the proximal monomer, and HA1 of the distal right monomer. It contacts the 321st and 323rd amino acid residues and the 7th and 11th amino acid residues of HA2. In this embodiment, the proximal and distal right monomers are cleaved.

  In yet another embodiment, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of the invention comprise truncated proximal monomer HA1 at amino acid residue 318, and HA2 at 18, 18, 20, 21, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 49, 52, 53, and 57th amino acid residues, as well as the 321st and 323rd amino acid residues of HA1 of the truncated distal right monomer, and 7th and 11th of HA2 It specifically binds to an epitope containing the amino acid residues.

  As shown herein, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention can specifically bind to HA of all 16 subtypes of influenza A virus. In one embodiment, an antibody of the invention is an influenza A HA subtype H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, and It binds specifically to H16.

  In other embodiments of the invention, the invention provides antibodies with high production titers. For example, when two very similar antibodies of the present invention, FI6 variant 1 and FI6 variant 2, are isolated, multiple variants of these antibodies (specifically, mutations in FI6 variant 2) Body) was synthesized to improve the productivity of transfected cells. In one embodiment, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is produced in a transfected cell at a titer that is at least 1.5 times higher than the titer at the time of production of FI6 variant 2. In other embodiments, the antibody of the invention is at least 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.7, 3, 3.2 compared to the titer at the time of production of FI6 variant 2. 3.4, 3.6, 3.8, 4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5, 5.3, 5.6 or 6 times higher titer . In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention has a potency that is at least 3, at least 4, or at least 4.5 times higher in transfected cells compared to the titer at the time of production of FI6 variant 2. Produced at a price.

  Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention neutralizes infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and epitopes present in the stem region of the HA trimer of influenza A An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the antibody, wherein the heavy and light chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof first contact the amino acid of the proximal monomer of the HA trimer. Then, the amino acids of the distal right monomer are contacted and the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is, for example, at least three times higher in the transfected cells compared to the titer during production of FI6 variant 2. Produced.

  As described herein, a transfected cell is a cell for expressing a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody of the invention and is any known now or later discovered by those skilled in the art. Cell. Examples of such cells include, but are not limited to, CHO, HEK293T, PER. Examples include mammalian host cells such as C6, NS0, myeloma or hybridoma cells. In addition, cells can be transfected either transiently or stably. Suitable transfection methods and cell types for use in transfection are within the purview of those skilled in the art.

  In other embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention specifically binds to a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 37, 38, 39, or 40.

  Also included within the scope of the invention are human monoclonal antibodies, immortalized B cell clones, or host cells that have been transfected and secrete the antibodies of the invention, and nucleic acids encoding the antibodies of the invention. As used herein, the term “broadly specific” binds to and / or binds to one or more of the first group subtypes of influenza A virus and one or more of the second group subtypes. Used to refer to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention that can be neutralized.

  The antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the present invention is a group A influenza virus subtype (H1, H2, H5, H6, H8, H9, H11, H12, H13, and H16, and variants thereof) Neutralize one or more and one or more of group A influenza virus subtypes (H3, H4, H7, H10, H14 and H15, and variants thereof). In one embodiment, exemplary subtypes of the first group include H1, H2, H5, H6, and H9, and exemplary subtypes of the second group include H3, and H7. .

  The antibodies and antibody fragments of the present invention can neutralize various combinations of influenza A virus subtypes. In one embodiment, the antibody is an influenza A virus H1 and H3 subtype, or H2 and H3 subtype, or H3 and H5 subtype, or H3 and H9 subtype, or H1 and H7 subtype, or H2 and H7 subtypes, or H5 and H7 subtypes, or H7 and H9 subtypes can be neutralized.

  In other embodiments, the antibodies and antibody fragments of the invention are influenza A virus H1, H2 and H3 subtypes, or H1, H3 and H5 subtypes, or H1, H3 and H9 subtypes, or H2, H3. And H5 subtypes, or H2, H3 and H9 subtypes, or H3, H5 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H2 and H7 subtypes, or H1, H5 and H7 subtypes, or H1, H7 and H9 subtypes, Or H2, H5 and H7 subtypes, or H2, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H5, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H3 and H7 subtypes, or H2, H3 and H7 subtypes, or H3, H5 and The H7 subtype, or H3, H7 and H9 subtypes can be neutralized.

  In yet another embodiment, the antibody is an H1, H2, H3 and H7 subtype of influenza A virus, or H1, H3, H5 and H7 subtypes, or H1, H3, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H2, H3, H5 and H7 subtypes, or H2, H3, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H3, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes or H1, H2, H3 and H5 subtypes, or H1, H2, H3 and H9 subtypes Or H1, H3, H5 and H9 subtypes, or H2, H3, H5 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H2, H5 and H7 subtypes, or H1, H2, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H2, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes can be neutralized.

  In yet another embodiment, the antibodies of the invention comprise influenza A virus H1, H2, H3, H5 and H7 subtypes, or H1, H2, H3, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H3, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H2, H3, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H2, H3, H5 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H2, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes, or H1, H2, H3, H5, H7 and H9 subtypes can be neutralized. In yet another embodiment, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of the invention neutralize one or more of the above combinations in addition to neutralizing the H6 subtype of influenza A virus.

  The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments of the present invention have a high neutralizing titer. The concentration of the antibody of the present invention required to neutralize 50% of influenza A virus can be, for example, about 50 μg / mL or less. In one embodiment, the concentration of an antibody of the invention required to neutralize 50% of influenza A virus is about 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 17.5, 15, 12.5, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4.5, 4, 3.5, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, or about 1 μg / mL or less. In other embodiments, the concentration of the antibody of the invention required to neutralize 50% of influenza A viruses is about 0.9, 0.8, 0.75, 0.7, 0 .65, 0.6, 0.55, 0.5, 0.45, 0.4, 0.35, 0.3, 0.25, 0.2, 0.15, 0.1, 0.075 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.008, 0.006, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, or about 0.001 μg / mL or less . This means that the antibody concentration required to neutralize 50% of influenza A viruses is very low. Specificity and titer can be measured using standard neutralization assays as known to those skilled in the art.

  The present invention has a very broad specificity for HA and neutralizes one group of one or more influenza A virus subtypes and one group of one or more influenza A virus subtypes An antibody is provided. The antibodies of the present invention bind to an epitope within the HA region that is conserved between two or more influenza A virus subtypes selected from Group 1 or Group 2.

  In one embodiment, the invention relates to an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope conserved in the stem region of HA of group 1 and group 2 influenza A virus subtypes and interferes with viral replication or spread. (Eg, an isolated antibody or a purified antibody). The present invention also provides antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope conserved in the stem region of HA of group 1 and group 2 subtypes and inhibit viral entry into cells (eg, isolated antibodies or Purified antibody). Without being bound by theory, in an exemplary embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention binds to an epitope conserved in the stem region of influenza A virus and interferes with the fusion process. Inhibits the entry of the virus into the cell. In one embodiment, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention recruits complement and FcR-expressing killer cells and limits viral spread by mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). A protein epitope or antigenic determinant corresponds to a site specifically recognized by an antibody binding site (or paratope) in the molecule of interest. Thus, an epitope is a correlated site that requires a complementary paratope to recognize in use. If the epitope is conserved between different variants of the protein, it means that the same paratope can specifically recognize these different variants by contacting the same site of the molecule.

  The antibodies of the present invention may be monoclonal (eg, human monoclonal antibodies) or may be recombinant antibodies. The present invention also provides fragments of the antibodies of the present invention, and in particular, fragments that retain the antigen binding activity of the antibodies. In the present specification, including the claims, the antigen-binding fragment (s), the antibody fragment (s), the variant (s) and / or the antibody are specifically shown in some places. Although referred to as derivative (s), the term “antibody” or “antibody of the invention” includes anything that is classified as an antibody, ie, antigen-binding fragment (s). It should be understood that antibody fragment (s), variant (s) and antibody derivative (s) are encompassed.

  In one embodiment, the antibodies and antibody fragments of the invention neutralize a combination of two or more of group 1 and group 2 influenza A virus subtypes. Representative influenza A subtypes include, but are not limited to, H5N1 (A / Vietnam / 1203/04), H1N1 (A / New Caledonia / 20/99), H1N1 (A / Salomon Island / 3) / 2006), H3N2 (A / Wyoming / 3/03), and H9N2 (A / chicken / Hong Kong / G9 / 97). In other embodiments, the antibody neutralizes and / or neutralizes 3, 4, 5, 6, or a combination of 7 or more of group 1 and group 2 of influenza A virus subtypes. It is unique.

  In exemplary embodiments, the invention is specific for influenza A virus subtypes H1 and H3 (eg, H1N1 and H3N2); or H1, H3, H5 and H9 (eg, H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H9N2) Specific antibodies or antibody fragments thereof. In yet another embodiment, the antibody or antibody fragment thereof is specific for H1, H3, H5, H7 and H9 (eg, H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N1, H7N7, H9N2). Other exemplary combinations of influenza A virus subtypes are described above in this disclosure.

  Table 1 lists the amino acid sequence numbers of the heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region (VL) of typical antibodies of the present invention, and the sequence numbers of the nucleic acid sequences encoding them.

  In one embodiment, an antibody or antibody fragment of the invention has about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85 with the sequence recited in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 13, 33, 55, 59, 29, or 35. A heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence that is%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical. In other embodiments, an antibody or antibody fragment of the invention has about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% of the sequence recited in SEQ ID NO: 14, 57, 61, or 30, It includes a light chain variable region having an amino acid sequence that is 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical.

  In yet another embodiment, the heavy chain variable region of the antibody of the present invention has about 70%, 75% of the sequence recited in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 15, 34, 56, 60, 31, or 36, It can be encoded by a nucleic acid having a sequence that is 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical. In yet another embodiment, the light chain variable region of the antibody of the invention has about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% of the sequence recited in SEQ ID NO: 16, 58, 62, or 32, It may be encoded by a nucleic acid having a sequence that is 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100% identical.

  The CDRs of the antibody heavy chain are referred to as CDRH1 (or HCDR1), CDRH2 (or HCDR2) and CDRH3 (or HCDR3), respectively. Similarly, the CDRs of an antibody light chain are referred to as CDRL1 (or LCDR1), CDRL2 (or LCDR1) and CDRL3 (or LCDR1), respectively. The position of the CDR amino acids is determined according to the IMGT numbering method: the position according to CDR1-IMGT is 27-38, the position according to CDR2-IMGT is 56-65, and the position according to CDR3-IMGT is 105-117. is there.

  Table 2 provides the SEQ ID NOs of the amino acid sequences of the six CDRs of each heavy and light chain of a representative antibody of the invention.

  In one embodiment, an antibody or antibody fragment of the invention comprises at least one CDR having a sequence that has at least 95% sequence identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-6, 41-44, or 17-22. .

  In other embodiments, the invention provides one or more from FI6 variant 1, FI6 variant 2, FI6 variant 3, FI6 variant 4, FI6 variant 5, FI28 variant 1, or FI28 variant 2. An antibody comprising a heavy chain comprising a heavy chain CDR of (ie, one, two or all three) is provided. In an exemplary embodiment, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention comprises a heavy chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 17; a heavy chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, SEQ ID NO: 41 or SEQ ID NO: 18 Chain CDR2; and heavy chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43 or SEQ ID NO: 19. In certain embodiments, an antibody or antibody fragment provided herein comprises (i) a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 in CDRH1, SEQ ID NO: 2 in CDRH2, and SEQ ID NO: 3 in CDRH3; (ii) in CDRH1 SEQ ID NO: 1, heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 41 in CDRH2 and SEQ ID NO: 42 in CDRH3, (iii) heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 in CDRH1, SEQ ID NO: 41 in CDRH2, and SEQ ID NO: 43 in CDRH3, or (iv) CDRH1 Includes a heavy chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 18 in CDRH2 and SEQ ID NO: 19 in CDRH3.

  FI6 variant 1, FI6 variant 2, FI6 variant 3, FI6 variant 4, FI6 variant 5, FI28 variant 1 or FI28 variant 2 (ie, one, two, or An antibody comprising a light chain comprising all three) light chain CDRs is also provided. In an exemplary embodiment, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of the invention comprises a light chain CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, SEQ ID NO: 44 or SEQ ID NO: 20; a light chain having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 21 A light chain CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 or SEQ ID NO: 22. In certain embodiments, an antibody provided herein comprises (i) a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 4 in CDRL1, SEQ ID NO: 5 in CDRL2, and SEQ ID NO: 6 in CDRL3, (ii) SEQ ID NO: 44 in CDRL1. A light chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 5 in CDRL2 and SEQ ID NO: 6 in CDRL3; or (iii) a light chain comprising SEQ ID NO: 20 in CDRL1, SEQ ID NO: 21 in CDRL2, and SEQ ID NO: 22 in CDRL3.

  In one embodiment, an antibody of the invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises all the CDRs of antibody FI6 variant 1 and neutralizes influenza A virus infection, as listed in Table 2. In other embodiments, an antibody of the invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises all CDRs of FI6 variant 2 of the antibody and neutralizes influenza A virus infection, as listed in Table 2. . In other embodiments, an antibody of the invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises all CDRs of antibody FI6 variant 3 and neutralizes influenza A virus infection, as listed in Table 2. . In other embodiments, an antibody of the invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises all CDRs of FI6 variant 4 of the antibody and neutralizes influenza A virus infection, as listed in Table 2. . In other embodiments, an antibody of the invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises all CDRs of FI6 variant 5 of the antibody and neutralizes influenza A virus infection, as listed in Table 2. .

  In yet another embodiment, an antibody of the invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises all the CDRs of FI28 variant 1 of the antibody and neutralizes influenza A virus infection, as listed in Table 2. To do. In yet another embodiment, an antibody of the invention or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises all the CDRs of FI28 variant 2 of the antibody and neutralizes influenza A virus infection, as listed in Table 2. To do.

  Examples of antibodies of the present invention include, but are not limited to, FI6 variant 1, FI6 variant 2, FI6 variant 3, FI6 variant 4, FI6 variant 5, FI28 variant 1, and FI28 variant. 2 is mentioned.

  The invention further includes antibodies that bind to the same epitope as those of the antibodies of the invention, or fragments thereof, or antibodies that compete with the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments of the invention.

  The antibodies of the present invention also include hybrid antibody molecules comprising one or more CDRs derived from the antibodies of the present invention and one or more CDRs derived from other antibodies to the same epitope. In one embodiment, such a hybrid antibody comprises three CDRs from an antibody of the invention and three CDRs from another antibody against the same epitope. A representative hybrid antibody is i) three light chain CDRs from an antibody of the invention and three heavy chain CDRs from another antibody to the same epitope, or ii) three heavy chain CDRs from an antibody of the invention. And three light chain CDRs from another antibody against the same epitope.

  Variant antibodies are also included within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, variants of the sequences described in this application are also included within the scope of the present invention. Such mutants include natural mutants that are generated by somatic mutation in vivo during an immune response and in vitro when culturing immortalized B cell clones. Alternatively, as described above, the mutant may be generated due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, or may be generated due to an error during transcription or translation.

  Other variants having antibody sequences with improved affinity and / or titer can be obtained by techniques known in the art and such variants are also encompassed within the scope of the present invention. For example, amino acid substitution can be used to obtain an antibody with further improved affinity. Alternatively, codon optimization of the nucleotide sequence can be used to improve translation efficiency in an expression system for producing antibodies. Furthermore, polynucleotides comprising sequences optimized for antibody specificity or neutralizing activity by directed directed evolution of any nucleic acid sequence of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

  In one embodiment, the variant antibody sequence has 70% or more (ie, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, or 99) with a sequence described in this application. %) Amino acid sequence identity. In some embodiments, such sequence identity is calculated relative to the full length of the reference sequence (ie, the sequence described in this application). In some further embodiments, the identity (%) referred to herein is determined by BLAST (ver. 2.1.3) using default parameters specified by NCBI. (The National Center for Biotechnology Information; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) [Blosum 62 matrix; gap open penalty = 11, and gap extension penalty = 1].

  In other aspects, the invention also encompasses nucleic acid sequences encoding some or all of the light and heavy chains and CDRs of the antibodies of the invention. Provided herein are nucleic acid sequences encoding some or all of the light and heavy chains and CDRs of representative antibodies of the invention. Table 1 provides the SEQ ID NOs of the nucleic acid sequences encoding the heavy and light chain variable regions of representative antibodies of the invention. For example, the nucleic acid sequences provided herein include SEQ ID NO: 15 (encoding FI6 variant 1 heavy chain variable region), SEQ ID NO: 16 (FI6 variant 1 and FI6 variant 2 light chain variable region). SEQ ID NO: 34 (encoding FI6 variant double chain variable region), SEQ ID NO: 56 (encoding FI6 variant triple chain variable region), SEQ ID NO: 58 (FI6 Mutant 3 and FI6 variant 4 encoding light chain variable region), SEQ ID NO: 60 (encoding FI6 variant 4 and FI6 variant 5 heavy chain variable region), SEQ ID NO: 62 (FI6 variant) 5 encoding a light chain variable region), SEQ ID NO: 31 (encoding FI28 variant 1 heavy chain variable region), SEQ ID NO: 36 (encoding FI28 variant double chain variable region) and SEQ ID NO: 32 (FI2 Encoding variant 1 and variant 2 light chain variable region) and the like.

  Table 3 provides the SEQ ID NOs of nucleic acid sequences encoding representative antibody CDRs of the present invention. Due to duplication of the genetic code, there may be variants that encode amino acid sequences identical to these sequences.

  In one embodiment, the nucleic acid sequence according to the present invention comprises at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% of the nucleic acid encoding the heavy or light chain of the antibody of the present invention, Nucleic acid sequences having at least 95%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity. In other embodiments, a nucleic acid sequence of the invention has a nucleic acid sequence encoding a heavy or light chain CDR of an antibody of the invention. For example, a nucleic acid sequence according to the present invention is at least 75% of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NOs: 7-12, 15, 16, 34, 23-28, 31, 32, 36, 45-54, 56, 58, 60, or 62 Includes sequences that are identical.

  Furthermore, vectors (eg, expression vectors) comprising a nucleic acid sequence according to the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention. Cells transfected with such vectors are also included within the scope of the present invention. Examples of such cells include, but are not limited to, eukaryotic cells such as yeast cells, animal cells or plant cells. In one embodiment, the cell is mammalian, eg, human, CHO, HEK293T, PER. C6, NS0, myeloma or hybridoma cells.

  The present invention also relates to monoclonal antibodies that bind to epitopes that can bind to the antibodies of the present invention, including but not limited to FI6 variant 1, FI6 variant 2, FI6 variant 3, FI6 variant. 4, a monoclonal antibody selected from the group consisting of FI6 variant 5, FI28 variant 1 and FI28 variant 2.

  Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies are particularly useful for the identification and purification of individual polypeptides or other antigens that are to be detected. The antibody of the present invention has further utility in that it can be employed as a reagent for immunoassay, radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In these applications, the antibody can be labeled with a reagent that can be detected during analysis, such as a radioisotope, a fluorescent molecule, or an enzyme. Antibodies can also be used for identification and characterization (epitope mapping) of antigen molecules.

  The antibodies of the present invention can be linked to drugs for delivery to a treatment site, or to facilitate imaging of sites containing cells of interest, such as cells infected with influenza A virus Can be linked to a detectable label. Methods for coupling an antibody to an agent and a detectable label, such as techniques for imaging using a detectable label, are well known in the art. Labeled antibodies can be used in various assays using various labels. Detection of the antigen-antibody complex formed by the antibody of the present invention and the epitope of interest (epitope of influenza A virus) can be facilitated by attaching a detectable substance to the antibody. Suitable detection methods include radionuclides, enzymes, coenzymes, fluorescent materials, chemiluminescent materials, chromogens, enzyme substrates or cofactors, enzyme inhibitors, prosthetic group complexes, free radicals, particles, and dyes. The use of labels is included. Examples of suitable enzymes include horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, β-galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase; examples of suitable prosthetic group complexes include streptavidin / biotin and avidin / biotin; suitable fluorescence Examples of substances include umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, dichlorotriazinylamine fluorescein, dansyl chloride or phycoerythrin; examples of luminescent substances include luminol; Examples include luciferase, luciferin, and aequorin; and examples of suitable radioactive materials include 125I, 131I, 35S, or 3H. Such labeled agents can be used in a variety of well-known assays such as radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, eg, ELISA and fluorescence immunoassay. (See, eg, US Pat. Nos. 3,766,162; 3,791,932; 3,817,837; and 4,233,402).

  The antibodies according to the invention can be conjugated to therapeutic components such as cytotoxins, therapeutic agents, or radioactive metal ions or radioisotopes. Examples of radioactive isotopes include, but are not limited to, I-131, I-123, I-125, Y-90, Re-188, Re-186, At-211, Cu-67, Bi-212. Bi-213, Pd-109, Tc-99, and In-111. Such antibody conjugates can be used to modify a given biological response, and the drug component is not to be construed as limited to classical chemotherapeutic agents. For example, the drug component can be a protein or polypeptide that processes the desired biological activity. Examples of such proteins include toxins such as abrin, ricin A, Pseudomonas exotoxin, or diphtheria toxin.

  Techniques for conjugating such therapeutic components to antibodies are well known. For example, Arnon et al. (1985) “Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunotargeting of Drugs in Cancer Therapy” (Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapies, ed. Reisfeld et al. (Alan R. Liss, Inc.), pp. 243-256); Hellstrom et al. Ed. (1987) “Antibodies for Drug Delivery” (Controlled Drug Delivery, Robinson et al., Ed. (2nd edition; Marcel Dekker, Inc.), pp. 623-653); ) “Antibody Carriers of Cytotoxic Agents in Cancer Therapy” (“Monoclonal Antibodies '84: Biological and Clinical Applications”) ”, Pinchera et al., Pp. 475-506 (Edittrice Kurtis, Milan, Italy, 1985);“ Analysis, Results, and Future ”(Analysis, Results, and Future) Prospective of the Therapeutic Use of Radiolabeled Antib ody in Cancer Therapy) (Monoclonal Antibodies for Cancer Detection and Therapy, edited by Baldwin et al. (Academic Press, New York, 1985), pp. 303-316), and Thorpe et al. 62: 119-158.

  Alternatively, as described in US Pat. No. 4,676,980, antibodies or antibody fragments thereof can be complexed with secondary antibodies or antibody fragments thereof to form antibody heterocomplexes. In addition, a linker can be used between the label and the antibody of the present invention (eg, US Pat. No. 4,831,175). The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may be directly labeled with radioactive iodine, indium, yttrium, or other radioactive particles known in the art (eg, US Pat. No. 5,595,721). Treatment may consist of a combination of treatments by simultaneous or sequential administration of conjugated or non-conjugated antibodies (eg, WO 00/52031; 00/52473).

  The antibodies of the present invention may also be bound to a solid support. In addition, the antibody of the present invention or a functional antibody fragment thereof can be chemically modified by forming a complex with a polymer through a covalent bond, for example, to increase the circulation half-life. Examples of polymers and methods for conjugating peptides are described in US Pat. Nos. 4,766,106; 4,179,337; 4,495,285 and 4,609,546. ing. In some embodiments, the polymer can be selected from polyoxyethylated polyols and polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEG is water soluble at room temperature and has the general formula: R (O—CH 2 —CH 2) n O—R, where R may be hydrogen or a protecting group such as an alkyl or alkanol group. In one embodiment, the protecting group can have 1 to 8 carbon atoms. In a further embodiment, the protecting group is methyl. The symbol n is a positive integer. In one embodiment, n is 1 to 1,000. In another embodiment, n is 2-500. In one embodiment, the PEG has an average molecular weight of 1,000-40,000. In a further embodiment, the PEG has a molecular weight of 2,000-20,000. In yet additional embodiments, the PEG has a molecular weight of 3,000 to 12,000. In one embodiment, PEG has at least one hydroxy group. In other embodiments, the PEG has a terminal hydroxy group. In yet another embodiment, it is the terminal hydroxy group that is activated to react with free amino groups on the inhibitor. However, it will be appreciated that the type and amount of reactive groups may be varied in performing complex formation between the PEG and the antibody of the present invention by covalent bonding.

  Water soluble polyoxyethylated polyols are also useful in the present invention. Useful water-soluble polyoxyethylated polyols include polyoxyethylated sorbitol, polyoxyethylated glucose, polyoxyethylated glycerol (POG), and the like. In one embodiment, POG is used. Without being bound by any theory, the glycerol backbone of polyoxyethylated glycerol is the same as the backbone that is naturally produced as monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides in animals and humans, for example. For this reason, it is not necessary for this branch to be recognized as a foreign molecule in the living body. In some embodiments, the POG has a molecular weight in the same range as PEG. Other drug delivery systems that can be used to increase circulatory half-life include liposomes. A method for preparing a liposome-based delivery system is described in Gabizon et al. (1982), Cafiso (1981) and Szoka (1980). Other drug delivery systems are also known in the art, see, for example, Poznansky et al. (1980) and Poznansky (1984).

  The antibody of the present invention can also be provided in a purified state. Typically, the antibody is present in a composition that is substantially free of other polypeptides, eg, in such cases, less than 90% (by weight) of the composition, typically less than 60%, And more typically less than 50% is composed of other polypeptides.

  The antibodies of the present invention may be immunogenic in non-human (or xenogeneic) hosts, such as mice. In particular, an antibody may have an idiotope that is immunogenic in a non-human host but not immunogenic in a human host. The antibodies of the present invention related to human use cannot be easily isolated from hosts such as mice, goats, rabbits, rats, mammals other than primates, and are generally humanized or xenomouse What cannot be obtained is included.

  The antibodies of the invention may be of any isotype (eg, IgA, IgG, IgM, ie, α, γ or μ heavy chain), but are generally IgG. Antibodies included in the IgG isotype include those of the IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4 subclass. An antibody of the invention may have a kappa or lambda light chain.

Antibody Production The antibodies according to the present invention can be produced by any method known in the art. For example, the general approach of producing monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology is well known (Kohler, G. and Milstein, C, .1975; Kozbar et al. 1983). In one embodiment, the EBV immortalization method disclosed in WO 2004/076667 is used instead.

  Using the method described in WO 2004/076667, B cells producing the antibody of the present invention can be transformed with EBV in the presence of a polyclonal B cell activator. EBV transformation is a common technique and can easily be constructed to contain a polyclonal B cell activator.

  If desired, other stimulants related to cell growth and differentiation can be added during the transformation process to further increase efficiency. These stimulants may be cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-15. In one aspect, IL-2 is added during the immortalization step to further improve the immortalization efficiency, but the use of IL-2 is not essential. Immortalized B cells produced using these techniques can then be cultured by techniques known in the art and antibodies can be isolated from the culture.

  A single plasma cell can be cultured in a microwell culture plate using the procedure described in British Patent Application No. 0819376.5. Antibodies can be isolated from a single plasma cell culture. Furthermore, RNA can be extracted from a single plasma cell culture and single cell PCR can be performed using techniques known in the art. The VH and VL regions of the antibody can be amplified by RT-PCR, sequenced, cloned into an expression vector, and then the expression vector can be transfected into HEK293T cells or other host cells. Cloning of nucleic acids in expression vectors, transfection of host cells, culture of transfected host cells, and isolation of the produced antibodies can be performed using any technique known to those skilled in the art.

  If desired, the antibody may be further purified using various chromatographic methods such as filtration, centrifugation and HPLC or affinity chromatography. Antibody (eg, monoclonal antibody) purification methods, including pharmaceutical grade antibody production techniques, are well known in the art.

  Antibody fragments of the present invention can be obtained from antibodies by procedures involving digestion with enzymes such as pepsin or papain and / or by cleavage of disulfide bonds by chemical reduction. Alternatively, antibody fragments can be obtained by cloning and expressing a portion of the heavy or light chain sequence. Antibody “fragments” include Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2 and Fv fragments. The present invention also encompasses single chain Fv fragments (scFv) derived from the heavy and light chains of the antibodies of the present invention, for example, the present invention includes scFvs comprising CDRs derived from the antibodies of the present invention. . Similarly, heavy or light chain monomers and dimers, heavy chain single domain antibodies, light chain single domain antibodies, and single chain antibodies, eg, heavy and light chain variable regions joined by a peptide linker Also included are single chain Fvs.

  The antibody fragment of the present invention can be given a monovalent or multivalent interaction, and can contain various structures as described above. For example, a scFv molecule can be synthesized to produce a trivalent “trimer antibody” or a tetravalent “tetramer antibody”. The scFv molecule can contain an Fc region domain derived from a bivalent miniantibody. In addition, the sequences of the invention may be multispecific molecular components, and the sequences of the invention target epitopes of the invention and other regions related to other targets to which the molecule binds. Exemplary molecules include, but are not limited to, bispecific Fab2, trispecific Fab3, bispecific scFv, and bispecific antibodies (Holliger and Hudson, 2005, Nature Biotechnology 9 : 1126 to 1136).

  DNA sequences encoding the antibodies or antibody fragments of the present invention can also be prepared using common molecular biology techniques. Oligonucleotide synthesis methods can also be used to completely or partially synthesize the desired DNA sequence. If necessary, site-directed mutagenesis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods may be used.

  Any suitable host cell / vector system can be used to express a DNA sequence encoding an antibody molecule of the invention or fragment thereof. In order to express antibody fragments such as Fab and F (ab ′) 2 fragments, and in particular Fv fragments, and single chain antibody fragments such as single chain Fvs, in part, bacteria (eg E. coli (E. coli))) and other microbial systems can be used. Expression systems with eukaryotic (eg, mammalian) host cells can also be used to produce larger antibody molecules, such as intact antibody molecules. Suitable mammalian host cells include, but are not limited to, CHO, HEK293T, PER. C6, NS0, myeloma or hybridoma cells.

  The present invention also provides a method for producing an antibody molecule according to the present invention, which encodes the nucleic acid of the present invention under conditions suitable for expressing a protein from the DNA encoding the antibody molecule of the present invention. Culturing a host cell containing the vector, and isolating the antibody molecule.

  If only the heavy or light chain polypeptide coding sequence needs to be used for transfection into the host cell, the antibody molecule may contain only the heavy or light chain polypeptide. When producing a product containing both heavy and light chains, the cell line can be transfected with two types of vectors. The first vector encodes a light chain polypeptide and the second vector encodes a heavy chain polypeptide. Alternatively, a single vector may be used, which contains sequences encoding light and heavy chain polypeptides.

  Alternatively, an antibody according to the invention can also be produced by i) expressing the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention in a host cell and ii) isolating the expressed antibody product. In addition, the method may include iii) purifying the antibody.

Screening transformed B cells, cultured single plasma cells and transfected HEK293T cells Transformed B cells and cultured single plasma cells are screened for the production of antibodies with the desired specificity or function. can do.

  The screening step can be performed by any immunoassay (eg, ELISA), by tissue or cell staining (including transfected cells), or by neutralization assays, or in the art for identifying the desired specificity or function. It can be implemented by any of a number of other techniques known in the art. Assays can be selected on the basis of simply recognizing one or more antigens, or even a desired function, eg, a function desired to select a neutralizing antibody rather than simply an antibody that binds to the antigen. Desired functions for selecting antibodies that can alter the properties of the target cell, e.g., signal cascade, cell shape, growth rate, ability to affect other cells, by other cells, or by other reagents, Alternatively, the selection can be made on the basis of a response to the influence of a change in the condition, differentiation state, or the like.

  Next, individual transformed B cell clones can be produced from transformed positive B cell cultures. Cloning steps to isolate individual clones from a positive cell mixture should be performed using limiting dilution, micromanipulation, single cell deposition by cell sorting, or other methods known in the art. Can do.

  Nucleic acids can be isolated from a single cultured plasma cell, cloned and expressed in HEK293T cells, or expressed in other host cells by techniques known in the art.

  The immortalized B cell clone or transfected HEK293T cell of the present invention may be used in various methods for research, for example, as a source of monoclonal antibody, a nucleic acid (DNA) encoding the target monoclonal antibody. Alternatively, it can be used as a source of mRNA).

  The invention includes immortalized B memory cells or transfected host cells that produce antibodies that neutralize at least two different subtypes of influenza A virus selected from group 1 and group 2 subtypes. A composition is provided.

Epitopes As noted above, the antibodies of the present invention can be used to map their binding epitopes. The inventors have discovered that antibodies that neutralize infection with influenza A virus are directed against epitopes found on HA. In one embodiment, the antibody is directed against one or more epitopes in the stem region of HA that are conserved between one or more of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus. is there. The epitope to which the antibody of the present invention binds may be a linear (continuous) type or a three-dimensional (non-continuous) type. In one embodiment, the antibodies and antibody fragments of the invention bind to a polypeptide region comprising SEQ ID NO: 37, 38, 39, or 40 as disclosed herein.

  In other embodiments, the epitope to which an antibody of the invention binds comprises amino acid residues in HA1 and HA2 polypeptides consisting of one or two HA monomers as described above. The HA monomer may be uncut or cleaved.

  Numerous uses may exist for epitopes recognized by the antibodies of the present invention. The purified or synthesized forms of epitopes and their mimotopes can be used to generate an immune response (ie, an immune response to produce antibodies related to vaccines or other uses), or epitopes or Serum can be screened for antibodies that immunoreact with those mimotopes. In one embodiment, such an epitope or mimotope, or an antigen comprising such an epitope or mimotope, can also be used as a vaccine for raising an immune response. The antibodies and antibody fragments of the present invention can also be used in methods for monitoring vaccine quality. In particular, antibodies can be used to confirm that the antigen in the vaccine contains a suitable immunogenic epitope that is in the proper conformation.

  Epitopes may also be useful for screening for ligands that bind to such epitopes. Such ligands include, but are not limited to, antibodies (including those from camels, sharks, and other species), antibody fragments, peptides, products from phage display methods, aptamers, or adnectins. Or fragments of other viral or cellular proteins that can block the epitope and thus prevent infection. Such ligands are included within the scope of the present invention.

Recombinant Expression The immortalized B cell clone or cultured plasma cell of the present invention can also be used as a nucleic acid resource for cloning antibody genes for subsequent recombinant expression. In pharmaceutical applications, for example, it is generally expressed from a recombinant resource rather than from B cells or hybridomas for reasons such as stability, reproducibility, and ease of culture.

  Accordingly, the present invention provides (i) obtaining one or more nucleic acids (eg, heavy and / or light chain mRNA) from a B cell clone or a single plasma cell culture encoding an antibody of interest. And (ii) inserting the nucleic acid into an expression vector, and (iii) transfecting the vector into a host cell to express the antibody of interest in the host cell, A manufacturing method is provided.

  Similarly, the invention comprises (i) sequencing nucleic acid (s) encoding an antibody of interest from a B cell clone or single plasma cell culture, and (ii) Recombination comprising the step of preparing the nucleic acid (s) to be inserted into the host cell using the sequence information obtained from step (i) to express the antibody of interest in the host cell A method for producing a cell is provided. Although not essential, between the steps (i) and (ii), the nucleic acid can be modified by introducing a restriction site into the nucleic acid, and / or the transcriptional and / or translational control sequence. Can also be optimized.

  The present invention also provides a method for producing a transfected host cell comprising the step of transfecting the host cell with one or more nucleic acids encoding the antibody of interest, wherein the nucleic acid is immortalized according to the present invention. A nucleic acid derived from a B cell clone or a single plasma cell culture. Thus, the procedure for first preparing the nucleic acid (s) and then transfecting the host cell using this nucleic acid can be performed by different people in different locations (eg, different countries). It can be performed a different number of times.

  These recombinant cells of the invention can then be used for expression and culture. They are particularly useful for expressing antibodies during pharmaceutical manufacturing on a large scale. These can also be used as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition. Any suitable culture method such as, but not limited to, static culture, roller bottle culture, ascites fluid, hollow fiber bioreactor cartridge, modular small fermentor, stirred tank, microcarrier culture, ceramic core perfusion, etc. Can be used.

  Methods for obtaining and sequencing immunoglobulin genes from B cells or plasma cells are well known in the art (see, eg, “Kuby Immunology” 4th edition, Chapter 4 of 2000). See).

  Transfected host cells include yeast and animal cells, particularly mammalian cells (eg, CHO cells, NS0 cells, PER.C6 (Jones et al 2003) or HKB-11 (Cho et al. 2001; Cho et al. 2003). ) Human cells such as cells, myeloma cells (US Pat. Nos. 5,807,715; 6,300,104, etc.)), and eukaryotic cells such as plant cells. A preferred expression host is capable of glycosylating the antibody of the present invention, particularly by a sugar chain structure that is not itself immunogenic in humans. In one embodiment, the transfected host cell can be grown in serum-free medium. In a further embodiment, the transfected host cell can be grown in culture without the presence of animal-derived components. Cell lines can also be obtained by culturing transfected host cells.

  The present invention comprises (i) a step of preparing an immortalized B cell clone according to the present invention, or a step of culturing plasma cells; and (ii) encoding an antibody of interest from a B cell clone or a single plasma cell culture. A method of producing one or more nucleic acid molecules (eg, heavy and light chain genes) encoding an antibody of interest, comprising the step of: The present invention comprises (i) a step of preparing an immortalized B cell clone according to the present invention, or a step of culturing a single plasma cell, and (ii) a B cell clone or plasma cell encoding an antibody of interest. There is also provided a method of obtaining a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody of interest, comprising sequencing a nucleic acid from a culture.

  The present invention also provides a method for producing nucleic acid molecule (s) encoding an antibody of interest, comprising the step of obtaining a nucleic acid obtained from the transformed B cell clone or plasma cell of the present invention. provide. Thus, the procedure for first obtaining a B cell clone or plasma cell culture and then obtaining the nucleic acid (s) from the B cell clone or plasma cell culture can be performed at different locations (eg, different countries). ) Can be performed different times by different people.

  The present invention comprises (i) obtaining one or more nucleic acids (eg, heavy and light chain genes) from a selected B cell clone or plasma cell culture expressing an antibody of interest and / or Sequencing (ii) inserting the nucleic acid (s) or using the nucleic acid (s) sequence (s) to prepare an expression vector; iii) transfecting a host cell capable of expressing the antibody of interest; (iv) culturing or subculturing the transfected host cell under conditions under which the antibody of interest is expressed; (V) a step of purifying the antibody of interest, and a method for producing an antibody (for example, for pharmaceutical use).

  The present invention comprises the steps of culturing or subculturing the transfected host cell population under conditions where the antibody of interest is expressed, and optionally purifying the antibody of interest. Methods for producing antibodies are also provided, and such transfected host cell populations encode (i) selected antibodies of interest produced by a B cell clone or plasma cell culture prepared as described above. Preparing the nucleic acid (s) being prepared; (ii) inserting the nucleic acid (s) into the expression vector; and (iii) providing the vector to a host cell capable of expressing the antibody of interest. A step of transfection, and (iv) a step of culturing or subculturing a transfected host cell containing the inserted nucleic acid to produce a target antibody. Therefore, the procedure for first preparing a recombinant host cell and then culturing the cell to express the antibody should be performed different times by different people in different locations (eg, different countries). Can do.

Pharmaceutical Composition The present invention comprises a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody and / or antibody fragment of the present invention and / or a nucleic acid encoding such an antibody and / or an epitope recognized by the antibody of the present invention. provide. The pharmaceutical composition can also contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier to allow administration. The carrier should be such that it does not induce antibody production to the point that it is detrimental to each individual receiving the composition and should be non-toxic. Suitable carriers are large, slowly metabolized macromolecules such as proteins, polypeptides, liposomes, polysaccharides, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polymeric amino acids, amino acid copolymers and inactive virus particles. It's okay.

  For example, pharmaceutically acceptable mineral salts (such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate and sulfate) or organic acid salts (such as acetate, propionate, malonate and benzoate) Salt can be used.

  The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier in the therapeutic composition may further contain liquids such as water, saline, glycerol and ethanol. In addition, auxiliary ingredients such as wetting or emulsifying agents or pH buffering substances may be present in such compositions. Such a carrier allows the pharmaceutical composition to be formulated as tablets, pills, dragees, capsules, solutions, gels, syrups, slurries and suspensions upon ingestion by the subject.

  Dosage forms included within the scope of the present invention include forms suitable for parenteral administration, such as injection or infusion (eg, bolus administration or continuous infusion). Where the product is for injection or infusion, the product may take the form of a suspension, solution or emulsion with an oily or aqueous excipient and may be formulated with additives such as suspending agents, preservatives, stable Agents and / or dispersants may be included. Alternatively, the antibody molecule may be in a dry form that is dissolved in a suitable sterile solution prior to use.

  Once formulated, the compositions of the invention can be administered directly to the subject. In one embodiment, the composition is adjusted for the intended human administration.

  The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarterial, intramedullary, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraventricular, transdermal, transcutaneous It can be administered by any route including topical, subcutaneous, nasal, enteral, sublingual, intravaginal or rectal routes. A hypodermic injector can also be used to administer the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention. Typically, the therapeutic composition can be prepared as an injection in either solution or suspension. It can also be prepared in a solid form suitable for dissolution or suspension in a liquid vehicle prior to injection.

  Direct delivery of the composition is generally performed by subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous or intramuscular injection, or delivered to the interstitial space of the tissue. The composition can also be administered intralesionally. Dosage treatment may be a single dose schedule or a multiple dose schedule. With respect to known antibody drugs, for example, guidance on the frequency of administration is provided, such as whether the drug should be delivered daily, weekly, monthly, etc. The frequency and dosage will also vary depending on the severity of the symptoms.

  The composition of the present invention can be prepared in various forms. For example, the composition can be prepared as an injection in the form of either a solution or a suspension. A solid in a form suitable for dissolution or suspension in a liquid vehicle prior to injection may be prepared (e.g. Synagis (TM) for preparation by dissolving in sterile water containing preservatives) and Lyophilized compositions such as Herceptin ™). The composition can be prepared for topical administration eg as an ointment, cream or powder. The composition can be prepared for oral administration eg as a tablet or capsule, as a spray, or as a syrup (optionally flavored). The composition can be prepared as an inhaler for pulmonary administration, eg using a fine powder or a spray. The composition can be prepared as a suppository or vaginal suppository. The composition can be prepared, for example, as a droplet for administration to the nose, ear or eyeball. The composition may be in the form of a kit, such as preparing a solution by combining the compositions immediately before administration to a subject. For example, the lyophilized antibody can be provided in the form of a kit containing sterile water or sterile buffer.

  Of course, the active ingredient in the composition is an antibody molecule, an antibody fragment or variants and derivatives thereof. Therefore, the active ingredient is easily decomposed in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, when a composition is administered by a route that uses the gastrointestinal tract, the composition should contain an agent that protects the antibody from degradation but releases the antibody when absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. .

  A thorough discussion of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be taken from Gennaro (2000) Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th edition, ISBN: 0683306472.

  The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention generally have a pH of 5.5 to 8.5, may be 6-8 in some embodiments, and may be about 7 in further embodiments. The pH may be maintained by use of a buffer. The composition may be sterile and / or pyrogen free. The composition may be isotonic to humans. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is provided in a sealed container.

  A pharmaceutical composition is sufficient to effect an effective amount of one or more antibodies of the invention and / or a polypeptide comprising an epitope that binds to an antibody of the invention, ie, to treat, ameliorate or prevent a desired disease or condition. Or an amount sufficient to exhibit a detectable therapeutic effect. The therapeutic effect also includes a reduction in physical symptoms. The exact effective amount for any particular subject will depend on the subject's size and health, the nature and extent of the symptoms, and the treatment or combination of treatments selected for administration. The effective amount for a given situation is determined by a predetermined experimental method and judged by a clinician. For purposes of the present invention, an effective dosage is generally about 0.01 mg / kg to about 50 mg / kg, or about 0.05 mg / kg to about 10 mg of the composition of the present invention in the subject receiving the administration. / Kg. Known antibody drugs provide guidance in this regard, for example, Herceptin ™ is administered by intravenous injection of a 21 mg / mL solution, the initial dose being 4 mg / kg per body weight, The maintenance dose is 2 mg / kg per body weight, whereas Rituxan ™ is administered at 375 mg / m 2 per week.

  In one embodiment, the composition can include one or more (eg, two, three, etc.) antibodies of the invention to provide an additional or synergistic therapeutic effect. In other embodiments, the composition includes one or more (eg, two, three, etc.) antibodies of the invention and one or more (eg, two, three, etc.) against influenza A or influenza B. Additional antibodies (such as species) may be included. For example, one antibody may bind to an epitope of HA while the other antibody binds to a different epitope on HA or to an epitope on neuraminidase and / or matrix protein. Furthermore, it is within the scope of the present invention to administer the antibody of the present invention together with an influenza A vaccine or together with an antibody having specificity other than the influenza A virus (for example, influenza B). The antibodies of the present invention can be administered either in combination with / simultaneously with antibodies having specificity other than influenza vaccine or influenza A virus, or at another time.

  In other embodiments, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising two or more antibodies, wherein the first antibody is an antibody of the invention and is specific for the HA epitope; The second antibody is specific for a neuraminidase epitope, a second HA epitope, and / or a matrix epitope. For example, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising two or more antibodies, wherein the first antibody is specific for an epitope in the stem of the influenza A virus HA and the second antibody Is specific for a neuraminidase epitope, a second HA epitope (eg, an epitope in the globular head of HA, a second epitope in the stem of HA), and / or a matrix epitope. The second epitope in the stem, or the epitope in the globular head of influenza A virus HA, can be conserved among more than one influenza A virus subtype, but must be conserved There is no.

  In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising two or more antibodies, wherein the first antibody is specific for a neuraminidase epitope and the second antibody comprises Specific to two neuraminidase epitopes, HA epitopes and / or matrix epitopes.

  In yet another embodiment, the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising two or more antibodies, wherein the first antibody is specific for a matrix epitope and the second antibody comprises Specific to two matrix epitopes, HA and / or epitopes on the matrix.

  Representative antibodies of the present invention specific for the target protein of influenza A virus include, but are not limited to, FI6 variant 1, FI6 variant 2, FI6 variant 3, FI6 variant 4, FI6. Mutant 5, FI28 mutant 1 or FI28 mutant 2 may be mentioned.

  In one embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody FI6 variant 1 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody FI6 variant 2 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody FI6 variant 3 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody FI6 variant 4 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody FI6 variant 5 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody FI28 variant 1 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody FI28 variant 2 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

  The antibody of the present invention may be administered together (in combination or separately) with other therapeutic agents such as chemotherapeutic agents, radiotherapeutic agents and the like. In one embodiment, the therapeutic compound includes an antiviral compound such as Tamiflu ™. Such combination therapy results in an additive or synergistic improvement in therapeutic efficacy compared to when each therapeutic agent is administered alone. The term “synergistic effect” is used to describe that the combined effect of two or more active agents is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each active agent. Thus, if the combined effect of two or more agents results in a “synergistic inhibition” of activity or process, the inhibition of activity or process is greater than the sum of the inhibitory effects of the individual active agents. I intend to. The term “synergistic therapeutic effect” refers to the therapeutic effect observed when two or more treatments are combined, where the therapeutic effect (measured by a number of some parameters) is the individual treatment. Is greater than the combined individual treatment effects observed.

  The antibody can be administered to a subject who has not previously responded to treatment for influenza A virus infection, ie, a subject who has been shown to respond to anti-influenza therapy. Such treatment includes existing treatment with antiviral agents. Such a state can arise, for example, by infection with an antiviral-resistant strain of influenza A virus.

  In one embodiment, a composition of the invention may contain an antibody of the invention, wherein the antibody is at least 50% by weight (eg, 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%) of the total protein of the composition. 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more). In such a composition, the antibody is in a purified state.

  The present invention provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical comprising: (i) preparing the antibody of the present invention; and (ii) mixing the purified antibody with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

  The present invention also provides a method for producing a medicament comprising the step of mixing an antibody with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, wherein the antibody is derived from transformed B cells or the plasma cell culture of the present invention. It is the obtained monoclonal antibody. Thus, the procedure for first obtaining a monoclonal antibody and then producing the pharmaceutical can be performed different times by different people in different locations (eg, different countries).

  As an alternative to delivering antibodies or B cells for therapeutic purposes, a nucleic acid (typically DNA) encoding a monoclonal antibody of interest (or an active fragment thereof) derived from a B cell or plasma cell culture is used. It can also be delivered to a subject and the nucleic acid expressed in situ in the patient to provide the desired therapeutic effect. Suitable gene therapy and nucleic acid delivery vectors are known in the art.

  The composition of the invention may be an immunogenic composition and in some embodiments may be a vaccine composition comprising an antigen comprising an epitope recognized by an antibody of the invention. The vaccine according to the present invention may be either prophylactic (ie for preventing infection) or therapeutic (ie for treating infection). In one embodiment, the invention provides a vaccine comprising a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, 38, 39, or 40. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a vaccine comprising a polypeptide comprising amino acid residues in HA1 and HA2 polypeptides consisting of one or two HA monomers as described above. The HA monomer may be uncut or cleaved.

  The composition may contain an antimicrobial agent, particularly when packaged in a multiple dose format. The composition may include a surfactant such as Tween (polysorbate) such as Tween 80, for example. Surfactants are generally present at low concentrations, eg, less than 0.01%. The composition may contain a sodium salt (eg, sodium chloride) to adjust tonicity. The NaCl concentration is generally 10 + 2 mg / mL.

  Further, particularly when the composition is a lyophilized product, or includes a component that has been reconstituted by dissolving the lyophilized material in a solution, the composition contains a sugar alcohol (eg, mannitol) or A disaccharide (eg, sucrose or trehalose) may be included, for example, at about 15-30 mg / mL (eg, 25 mg / ml). For lyophilization, the pH of the composition can be adjusted to about 6.1 prior to lyophilization.

  The composition of the present invention may contain one or more immunomodulators. In one embodiment, the one or more immunomodulatory agents contain adjuvant (s).

  In order to effectively combat influenza A virus infection, the epitope composition of the present invention can elicit both a cell-mediated immune response as well as a humoral immune response. This immune response can induce an antibody- and cell-mediated, long-lasting immune response that can respond rapidly upon exposure to influenza A virus.

Medical treatment method and method of use The antibodies and antibody fragments or derivatives and variants thereof of the present invention are used for treatment of influenza A virus infection, prevention of infection with influenza A virus, or diagnosis of infection with influenza A virus. can do.

  The diagnostic method includes contacting the antibody or antibody fragment with a sample. Such samples were collected from, for example, nasal cavity, nasal passage, salivary gland, lung, liver, pancreas, kidney, ear, eye, placenta, gastrointestinal tract, heart, ovary, pituitary, adrenal gland, thyroid, brain or skin. It may be a tissue sample. Diagnostic methods also include detection of antigen / antibody complexes.

  Accordingly, the present invention comprises (i) an antibody, antibody fragment, or variant and derivative thereof according to the present invention, (ii) an immortalized B cell clone according to the present invention, (iii) an epitope capable of binding to the antibody of the present invention, or (Iv) Provided are antibodies capable of binding to a ligand, preferably an epitope that binds to a therapeutic antibody of the invention.

  The present invention includes the step of administering to the subject an antibody of the present invention, an antibody fragment, or variants and derivatives thereof, or an antibody capable of binding to a ligand, preferably an epitope that binds to the antibody of the present invention. Also provided is a treatment method. In one embodiment, the method reduces influenza A virus infection in a subject. In other embodiments, the method prevents infection with influenza A virus in a subject, reduces the risk of infection, or delays infection.

  The present invention also relates to (i) an antibody, antibody fragment, or variant and derivative thereof according to the present invention, and (ii) immortalization according to the present invention, during the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating influenza A virus infection. Also provided is the use of an antibody that binds to a B cell clone, (iii) an epitope capable of binding to an antibody of the invention, or (iv) a ligand, preferably an epitope capable of binding to an antibody of the invention.

  The present invention provides a composition of the present invention for use as a medicament for the prevention or treatment of influenza A virus infection. Also provided is the use of an antibody and / or protein of the invention comprising an epitope that binds to an antibody in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and / or diagnosing a subject. Also provided is a method for treating a subject comprising administering to the subject a composition of the present invention. In some examples, the subject may be a human. Some techniques for confirming the effectiveness of a therapeutic treatment include monitoring disease symptoms after administration of the composition of the invention. Treatment may be a single dose schedule or a multiple dose schedule.

  In one embodiment, an antibody, antibody fragment, immortalized B cell clone, epitope or composition according to the invention is administered to a subject in need of treatment. Examples of such subjects include, but are not limited to, those who have a high risk of infection with influenza A virus, or those who are easily infected, such as those who are easily infectious. The antibodies or antibody fragments of the invention can also be used for activation by passive immunization or vaccination.

  The antibodies and their fragments as described in the present invention can also be used in kits for diagnosis of influenza A virus infection. Furthermore, epitopes capable of binding the antibodies of the present invention can also be used in kits for monitoring the efficacy of vaccination by detecting the presence of anti-influenza A virus antibodies for prevention. The antibodies, antibody fragments, or variants and derivatives thereof as described in the present invention can also be used in a kit for monitoring whether a vaccine having the desired immunogenicity is produced.

  The present invention also provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical comprising the step of mixing a monoclonal antibody with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, wherein the monoclonal antibody is obtained from a transfected host cell of the present invention. Monoclonal antibody. Thus, the procedure for first obtaining a monoclonal antibody (eg, expressing and / or purifying monoclonal antibody) and then mixing the resulting monoclonal antibody with a pharmaceutical carrier is different (eg, It can be implemented different times by different people in different countries).

  Processes such as various cultures, subcultures, cloning, subcloning, sequencing, and nucleic acid preparation initiated by the transformed B cells or plasma cell cultures of the present invention are transformed B cells or plasma cell cultures. In order to perpetuate the antibody expressed by the product, optimization can be performed as desired in each step. In preferred embodiments, the methods further include techniques for optimizing nucleic acids encoding antibodies (eg, affinity maturation or optimization). The present invention encompasses all cells, nucleic acids, vectors, sequences, antibodies, etc. used and prepared during such steps.

  In all of these methods, the nucleic acid used in the expression host can be manipulated for insertion, deletion or modification. Such manipulation changes include, but are not limited to, changes for introduction of restriction sites, modification of codons used, addition or optimization of transcriptional and / or translational control sequences, and the like. The encoded amino acid can also be changed by changing the nucleic acid. For example, such changes can result in one or more (eg, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.) amino acid substitutions, deletions and / or insertions in the amino acid sequence of the antibody. It may be useful to introduce Such point mutations that can alter effector function, antigen binding affinity, post-translational modification, immunogenicity, etc., can introduce amino acids to attach covalent groups (eg, labels) or tags Can be introduced (eg, for purification purposes). Mutations can be introduced at specific sites or can be screened after introduction at random positions (eg, molecular evolution). For example, one or more nucleic acids encoding any of the CDR regions, heavy chain variable regions, or light chain variable regions of the antibodies of the present invention may be randomly selected to introduce different properties to the encoded amino acids. Alternatively, mutations can be introduced directly. Such changes can be caused by an iterative process, the starting changes are retained, and new changes are introduced at other nucleotide positions. Furthermore, what was implemented in the independent process may be combined with a change. Different properties introduced by the encoded amino acid include, but are not limited to, improved affinity.

General Terms The term “comprising” includes “including” as well as “consisting”, for example, a composition “comprising” of X consists essentially of X. Or may contain some other additional component together, such as X + Y.

  The term “substantially” does not exclude “completely”; for example, if a composition is “substantially free” of Y, it may not contain Y at all. Where necessary, the term “substantially” may be omitted from the description of the invention.

  The term “about” for the numerical value x means, for example, x + 10%.

  As used herein, the term “disease” is generally synonymous with the terms “disease” and “symptom” (to be in a medical condition) and is used interchangeably with these terms. Reflects all abnormalities in the body or part of the body of a human or animal with impaired normal function, typically distinguished from signs and symptoms, and the life or quality of life of a human or animal Intended to reduce

  As used herein, reference “treatment” with respect to a subject or patient is intended to encompass prevention, prophylaxis and therapy. The terms “subject” or “patient” are used interchangeably herein and mean all mammals including humans. Examples of subjects include humans, dairy cows, dogs, cats, horses, goats, sheep, pigs, and rabbits. In one embodiment, the patient is a human.

  Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are provided in the following examples. The following examples are presented for illustrative purposes only and are intended to assist those skilled in the art when using the present invention. The examples are in no way meant to limit the scope of the invention thereby.

Example 1. Generation and characterization of plasma cell-derived antibodies that extensively neutralize influenza A virus To identify individuals capable of producing heterosubtype antibodies in response to seasonal influenza vaccines (containing H1 and H3 HA) We screened circulating plasma cells by ELISPOT 7 days after vaccination to amplify the secretory capacity of antibodies that bind to the vaccine or negative control H5 HA (A / VN / 1203/04). Notably, 4 out of 5 donors tested for H5-specific plasma cells were undetected, whereas 14% of IgG secreting plasma cells received antibodies against H5 in one donor. And 57% were producing antibodies against the vaccine. CD138 + plasma cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected 7 days after vaccination by using magnetic microbeads followed by cell sorting using FACSAria. A limited number of plasma cells were seeded in microwell culture plates. Recombinant H5 or H9 HA was used as an antigen and tetanus toxoid was used as a negative control, three ELISAs were performed in parallel, and culture supernatants were tested. Of the 4,928 culture supernatants screened, 12 were bound to H5 but not H9 HA, 25 were bound to H9 but not H5 HA, 54 were H5 and It bound to both H9. Of the 54 cultures, RT-PCR was performed on some of the cultures that had the highest OD signal, and two pairs of VH and VL genes were recovered.

VH and VL genes were cloned into expression vectors and transfected into HEK293T cells to produce recombinant antibodies. The two monoclonal antibodies, FI6 variant 2 and FI28, shared most V, D and J gene fragments (IGHV3-30 ^* 01, IGHD3-9 ^* 01, IGHJ4 ^* 02 and IGKV4-1 ^* 01). However, there were differences in the N region, the use of IGKJ, and the pattern of somatic mutations, and thus was not relevant as a clone.

  A series of HAs belonging to different subtypes were used and the specificity of the recombinant antibody was investigated by ELISA. Notably, FI6 binds to all influenza A subtypes tested, including group 1 (H1, H5 and H9) and group 2 (H3 and H7), and HA from influenza B Did not bind to. In contrast, FI28 bound only to 3 HAs of the first group (H1, H5 and H9).

  Considering the homology of the VH and VL sequences of the two antibodies, FI6 variant 2, FI28 variant 1 and hCMV specific antibody 7I13 (an antibody using the same V, D and J sequences as the H chain) And the light chain was used to perform a shuffling experiment. Binding to H7 required FI6 variant 2 H and L chain pairs, whereas binding to H5 was maintained even when the L chains of FI6 variant 2 and FI28 variant 1 were shuffled. It was. Furthermore, binding to H5 was also observed when FI6 variant 2 H chain was combined with unmodified 7I13 L chain. In contrast, no binding to H5 was observed when the homologous 7I13 heavy chain was combined with the light chain of FI6 variant 2. Without being bound to any particular theory, these results indicate that the binding to H5 is mainly due to the H chain, whereas the binding to H7 is between the H and L chains of FI6 variant 2. It was suggested that exact pairing is required.

  Next, using a pseudotyped virus (Table 5) and an infectious virus (Table 6), the FI6 variant 2 and the FI28 variant 1 were tested for neutralizing ability against influenza A group 1 and group 2 subtypes. Was tested. Of note, FI6 variant 2 includes six H5 isolates belonging to antigenically divergent grades 0, 1, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 and two avian H7 isolates. All pseudoviruses tested were neutralized. In addition, FI6 variant 2 compares all tested infectious viruses, including two H3N2 viruses and four H1N1 viruses, with the recent H1N1 infectious explosive isolate A / CA / 04/09. Neutralization was performed up to several tens of times (Table 6). FI28 variant 1 neutralized all H5 pseudoviruses, but did not neutralize the H7 pseudovirus as well as the infectious virus tested. The neutralizing titer against the pseudovirus was higher than the titer against the infectious virus.

nd, not implemented

Example 2 Antigen binding site of FI6 variant 2 and FI28 variant 1 To identify the antigenic site to which antibody FI6 variant 2 and FI28 variant 1 bind, we first conserved the C179 (HA stem region of the mouse monoclonal antibody). These antibodies were tested for their ability to inhibit binding to (mapped to sequence) (Y. Okuno, et al., J Virol 67, 2552 (1993)). Both FI6 variant 2 and FI28 variant 1 completely inhibited C179 binding to recombinant H5 VN / 1203/04 HA, indicating that the epitopes recognized by these antibodies overlap. It was suggested. In contrast, FI6 variant 2 and FI28 variant 1 do not compete with a series of H5-specific antibodies isolated from H5N1 immune donors and recognize different epitopes in the globular head of HA (C.I. P. Simmons et al., PLoS Med 4, e178 (2007); S. Khurana et al., PLoS Med 6, e1000049 (2009)). Screening for a defective escape mutant and attempting to map the FI6 mutant 2 epitope suggested that this epitope cannot be easily mutated without loss of adaptability to the virus.

  Next, we performed peptide mapping with a linear and cyclized peptide HA A / VN / 1194/04 library and a helix scan with the Pepscan Presto BV system (Relistat, The Netherlands). According to this analysis, HA2 fusion peptide FGIAAG (3rd to 8th amino acids according to H3 numbering; SEQ ID NO: 37), HA2 helix A peptide DGVTNKVNS (46th to 54th amino acids; SEQ ID NO: 38), HA2 helix B peptide MENERTLDFHDSNVK The binding region of FI6 variant 2 was identified, including (amino acids 102-116; SEQ ID NO: 39) as well as the HA1 C-terminal peptide LVLATLGLRNSP (amino acids 315-325; SEQ ID NO: 40). Since the antibody did not react with the HA1 C-terminal peptide and the HA2 helix B peptide, the binding region of FI28 variant 1 was different from that of FI6.

Example 3 FIG. Generation and Characterization of FI6 Variants 3, 4 and 5 with Improved Productivity To improve productivity in mammalian cells and eliminate unwanted somatic mutations and undesirable properties, the VH and FI6 variant 2 Several variants of VL were synthesized. VH and VL genes were cloned by expression vectors encoding IgG1 constant region and Cκ, respectively. With reference to the IMGT database, germline sequences related to FI6 variant 2 were identified. Antibody variants with single or multiple germline mutations reverting to germline were generated by synthesis (Genscript, Piscataway, NJ) or site-directed mutagenesis (Promega), and the sequence was confirmed. To optimize expression in human cells, GenScript's OptimumGene ™ system was used to codon optimize the sequences of all variants. Suspension cultured Freestyle 293 cells (Invitrogen) were transiently transfected with PEI to produce monoclonal antibodies. Seven days after the start of the culture, the supernatant derived from the transfected cells was collected, IgG was affinity purified by protein A chromatography (GE Healthcare), and desalted with PBS. Productivity in the transient expression system was evaluated by multiple independent tests. The median is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, FI6 variant 2 is produced with a titer of 13.5 μg / mL, FI6 variant 3 is produced with a titer of 46.3 μg / mL, and FI6 variant 4 is 60.7 μg / mL. And FI6 variant 5 is produced at a titer of 61.6 μg / mL. Therefore, we were able to increase the production titers of FI6 variants 3, 4 and 5 by 3.4 times, 4.5 times and 4.6 times respectively compared to FI6 variant 2. .

  Recombinant antibodies were also characterized for binding to H5 and H7 HA by ELISA, and for neutralization of H5 and H7 pseudoviruses (Table 7), the original FI6 variant 2 IgG Compared with. The half area of the ELISA plate (Corning) was coated with 5 μl of 1 μg / mL baculovirus-derived recombinant HA (Protein Sciences) PBS solution. After blocking with 1% PBS / BSA, antibodies were added and binding was revealed using alkaline-phosphatase labeled F (ab ') 2 goat anti-human IgG (Southern Biotech). The plate was then washed, substrate (p-NPP, Sigma) was added and the plate read at 405 nm. The antibody concentration required to obtain 50% of maximum binding (EC50) was measured by ELISA to quantify the relative affinity of the antibody binding to HA. For pseudovirus neutralization assays, serially diluted antibodies were incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C. with medium supernatant containing a constant concentration of pseudovirus. HEK 293T / 17 cells were then added to the mixture and incubated at 37 ° C. for 3 days. Next, the cells were solubilized with Britelite reagent (Perkin Elmer), and the relative luminescence (RLU) of the cell lysate was measured with a luminometer microplate reader (Veritas, Turner Biosystems). RLUs were compared in the presence and absence of antibodies to determine the reduction in infectivity and expressed as the neutralization rate. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was defined as the sample concentration at which the RLU was reduced by 50% compared to the virus control well after subtracting the background RLU in the cell-only control well. Table 7 shows FI6 variants 3-5 that have been selected to have conserved or improved binding activity based on improved sequence characteristics.

  FI6 variant 2 and FI6 variant 3 belong to the first group (H1, H2, H5, H6, H8 and H9) and the second group (H3, H4, H7 and H10) and range from 10 to 270 ng / mL Bound to all tested recombinant or purified HA with EC50 values of (Table 8). Furthermore, FI6 variant 2 and FI6 variant 3 stain cells transfected with HA genes belonging to the first group (H11, H12, H13 and H16) and the second group (H4, H10, H14 and H15). (Table 8).

(1) EC50 value (ng / mL) was measured by ELISA (2) “+” means that 293 cells transfected with HA were positive for staining.

Example 4 Structural evaluation of FI6 variant 3 epitopes on H1 and H3 HA FI6 variant 3 identifies epitopes recognized on group 1 and group 2 HAs and molecular interactions between the antibody and its target antigen In order to explain, we crystallized a complex consisting of the FI6 variant 3 Fab fragment and H1 (group 1) and H3 (group 2) HA homotrimers. To crystallize the FI6 mutant 3 / H1 homotrimeric HA complex, the ectodomain of H1 HA0 was expressed in Sf9 insect cells. A cDNA corresponding to residues 11-329 (HA1) and 1-176 (HA2) (according to H3 numbering) was cloned into a BioFocus expression vector incorporating a GP67 secretion signal, and the expressed protein was secreted into the culture medium. . The cloned cDNA was fused with a C-terminal trimer foldon sequence to form an H1 HA0 trimer. In order to remove the foldon tag before crystallization, a thrombin cleavage sequence is introduced between the foldon sequence of HA2 and the C-terminus, and the 6-His tag used for affinity purification is expressed in the C of the polypeptide sequence. Incorporated at the outermost end.

  Sf9 insect cells are infected with recombinant baculovirus, Ni-NTA resin (Qiagen) is passed through the culture medium, and gel filtration (S200 column) is performed. From the culture medium, H1 with a 6-His tag added is added. HA0 was recovered. The eluted protein corresponding to the trimer H1 HA0 was concentrated to 1 mg / mL and then treated with thrombin (5 U / mg for HA0) at 20 ° C. for 2 hours to remove the C-terminal tag. Finally, the purified cleaved protein H1 HA0 was fractionated on a Mono Q anion exchange column. To complex with Fab-FI6 variant 3, 0.5-1 mg / mL purified H1 HA0 was mixed with a 2-fold molar excess of purified Fab-FI6 variant 3. After incubation at 4 ° C. for 3 hours to form a complex, fractionation was performed with an S200 gel filtration column to separate excess Fab-FI6 variant 3.

  The purified complex of Fab-FI6 variant 3 and uncleaved H1 HA0 trimer was concentrated to 12 mg / mL for use in crystallization. Vapor is diffused from a well solution composed of 0.1 M bistrispropane (pH 7.0) and 2.2 M ammonium sulfate, and a complex crystal of Fab-FI6 variant 3 and H1 HA0 is grown by the hanging drop method. It was. Crystals were grown at 20 ° C. for 4 weeks and collected from the drop into a 1: 1 mixture of well solution and 3.4 M sodium malonate (pH 7.0) for cryoprotection and then snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Data was collected at the beam line IO3 by Diamond Light Source, indexed by MOSFLM and SCALA, respectively, integrated and scaled.

  Statistical analysis of unit cell parameters and molecular weight of the protein suggested that one agglutinin monomer and one Fab fragment were included per unit of asymmetry. Carried out. H1 HA (PDB ID: 1RD8) monomer coordinates were used as a search model by the CCP4 program PHASER, and the initial phase was obtained. The automatic model building program FFEAR successfully fits the heavy chain variable domains, followed by placing the light chain variable domains relative to the HA-antibody structures 3FKU and 3GBN. Model construction and fine tuning were alternately performed with COOT and REFMAC5, respectively. This process was repeated until the electron density map was filled as much as possible and the R-work and R-free values were flat.

  The amino acids in the final PDB file were numbered according to Kabat's customary method. The final model contains all of the H1 HA and heavy and light chain variable domains. For crystallization of FI6 mutant 3 / H3 heterotrimeric HA complex, X-31 (H3N2) virus and HA released by bromelain (BHA) were purified and Fab fragments were prepared by papain digestion. FI6 variant 3 Fab was purified by Protein A Sepharose affinity chromatography (HiTrap Protein A HP, 1 mL) followed by S-200 size exclusion column. 3.5 mg Fab was mixed with 3 mg X-31 BHA and incubated overnight at 4 ° C. to form the complex, and the complex was purified on a superose 6 SEC column. The peak fractions corresponding to the Fab-HA complex were pooled and concentrated for crystallization.

  A sitting drop vapor diffusion method was performed by an Oryx-6 crystallization robot (Douglas Instruments) to grow FI6 mutant 3-H3 complex crystals. 25% glycerol was added to the reservoir solution to cryoprotect the crystals. Data was collected at the beamline IO3 by Diamond Light Source, indexed by Denzo and Scalepack, respectively, integrated and scaled. Molecular replacement was performed with Amore and crystals containing an H3 HA trimer complex with three FI6 variant 3 Fabs in the asymmetric unit were analyzed. The molecular replacement calculations were performed independently for H3 HA trimers, FI6 variant 3 heavy and light chain variable domains of the FI6 variant 3 / H1 complex, and constant domains (PDB ID: 3HC0.pdb). This was done using the coordinates of the 2Å structure. The solution obtained by molecular replacement was refined with Refmac5 and Pheonix using Coot, interlacing with manual adjustments. The electron density map has been greatly improved with averaging not based on crystallography using DM.

  X-ray crystal structure analysis indicated that FI6 variant 3 is bound to a conserved epitope of the F subdomain. The two HAs were phylogenetically and structurally different and the interaction surfaces were found to be very similar, although the complex was crystallized in different packing configurations (FIGS. 2, A and B). . In either case, each monomer of the HA trimer binds to one molecule of FI6 variant 3 (FIG. 3). The HCDR3 loop of FI6 variant 3 binds to a shallow groove on the F subdomain of HA. The face of this groove is formed by residues from the A helix of HA2 and a portion of the two strands of HA1 (38-42 and 318-320), while the bottom is residues 18-21 It is formed by a HA2 turn that includes (FIGS. 2, A and B).

  The HCDR3 loop traverses helix A at an angle of approximately 45 °, allowing Leu-100A, Tyr-100C, Phe-100D and Trp-100F to make hydrophobic contacts with residues in the groove (FIG. 4). Tyr-100C and Trp-100F also form a hydrogen bonding potential with the side chain Thr-318 of HA1 and the main chain carbon of the 19th residue of HA1. In two other places, polar interactions are formed by residues 98 and 99 of the main chain carbonyl of HCDR3 and Asn-53 and Thr-49 on helix A. Based on these, the interaction between HCDR3 and HA (H1 and H3) fills the surface of about 750Å2 of the antibody, and about 2/3 of this interaction is due to the interaction with the HA2 chain. It is thought that.

  Finally, the interaction made by FI6 variant 3 and the hydrophobic grooves of H1 and H3 is very similar. The LCDR1 loop of FI6 variant 3 makes contact at two positions on the helix A side opposite to the side contributing to the hydrophobic groove; Phe-27D makes hydrophobic contact with fatty Lys-39. And Asn-28 hydrogen bonds with Asn-43, considering these, it is considered that a surface area of about 190 2 is filled with both H1 and H3. For H1 HA co-crystallized uncleaved, LCDR1 is also in extensive contact with the uncleaved “fusion peptide” of the adjacent distal right HA monomer (FIGS. 3, B and C and FIG. 4). , A and B), so that the filling surface of FI6 variant 3 is further 320Å2.

  Residues 28 and 29 of LCDR1 form a main chain amide hydrogen bond with the adjacent residue Leu-2 at one of HA2's main chain carbonyl and HA2 and thus the bond is a cleavage site. It reaches to. LCDR1 Phe-27D is in hydrophobic contact with Leu-2 of adjacent distal right HA2 whereas side chain hydroxyl Tyr-29 is a residue of the main chain carbonyl of adjacent distal right HA1 chain Hydrogen bond with 325. In contrast to the very similar interaction between H1 and H3 HA and HCDR3, the interaction between LCDR1 and the “fusion peptide” derived from the adjacent truncated distal right H3 HA monomer The effect was very weak compared to the interaction formed with uncleaved H1 HA (FIG. 3, inset B). Although Phe-27D interacts again with Lys-39 at the fatty site of HA2, Tyr-29 is a residue in the main chain carbonyl Ala-7 (residue in uncleaved H1 HA of the adjacent distal right HA2 329) and may be contacted by hydrogen bonding.

  In contrast, there is no backbone contact between the LCDR1 loop and the “fused peptide” of the cleaved H3 HA, considering that the contact area is smaller than 114 比較 (compared to 320 Å2 in H1 HA). It is also observed that FI6 variant 3 is slightly differently oriented with respect to HA in the FI6 variant 3 / H3 and FI6 variant 3 / H1 complexes by generating H3 HA by cleavage of the HA precursor. Is done. Residues that make contact at the interface of FI6 variant 3 VH and VL chains with the cleaved H3 homotrimer HA are reported in Table 9. Residues that make contact at the interface of FI6 variant 3 VH and VL chains with the uncleaved H1 homotrimer HA are reported in Table 10.

  The structures of two cross-reactive antibodies CR6261 and F10 (specific to group 1) have been reported previously as complexes of H5 and H1 HA. Although binding to HA by the CR6261 and F10 antibodies is mediated only by the VH domain and oriented in roughly the same way relative to HA, both antibodies are remarkably rotated relative to FI6 variant 3, and HA 5 to 10 cm close to the proximal end of the membrane (FIGS. 3, D and E).

  From the FI6 variant 3 / H1 and FI6 variant 3 / H3 shown here, although the HA binding sites of the three antibodies widely overlap, the nature of the interaction made by the FI6 variant 3 is It is clear that it is significantly different from that made by CR6261 and F10 antibodies. The interaction between FI6 variant 3 and the hydrophobic groove of HA is mediated only by long-chain HCDR3, whereas for CR6261 and F10, all three HCDRs are most involved in binding. It is a big difference.

  Like the second group of H7, H10 and H15 HA, H3 HA is glycosylated with Asn-38 (HA1), whereas H1 common to all HAs of the first group is not glycosylated This is an important difference between the FI6 variant 3 / H1 complex and the FI6 variant 3 / H3 complex. In unbound H3, this sugar side chain protrudes from the β1 chain of HA1 containing the Asn-38 residue toward HA2 helix A of the same HA subunit, and the footprint of FI6 variant 3 (FIG. 5A). Because the sugar side chain is known to affect the antigenicity of the viral glycoprotein, this overlap results in another group of cross-reactive groups targeting the region proximal to the HA membrane. The antibody suggested that it was due to the lack of binding to the second group of HA. However, FI6 variant 3 can be bound to H3 HA by reorienting the oligosaccharide, rotating about 80 ° away from the HA surface, and making fresh contact with Asp-53 and Asn-55 of the HCDR2 loop. (FIG. 5B).

  Considering that FI6 variant 3 binds to H3 HA due to the flexibility of the sugar side chain at Asn-38, we do not reason that H3 HA binds to CR6261 or F10 at the glycosylation site I had a wonder. By making similar changes in the sugar side chain orientation, simple modeling suggests that the cross-reactive antibody CR6261 binds but does not bind F10. The β-turn, which includes F10 VH residues 73-77, is sterically hindered by the Asn-38 linked sugar chain in the orientation employed in the FI6 variant 3 / H3 complex. In this case, it is unclear whether the sugar chain can rotate further away from the binding site that is bound by F10. However, neither CR6261 or F10 with the glycosylation site (Asn-38) removed could neutralize the H7 pseudovirus (A / chicken / Italy / 99) (IC50:> 50 μg / ml). It has been suggested that the steric hindrance associated with glycans is not limited to structural constraints that prevent binding of CR6261 and F10 antibodies to Group 2 HA.

  In addition to Asn-38 glycosylation, the most striking difference is that the F subdomain structure between the first and second group of HAs is responsible for the environment and orientation of the group-specific HA2 Trp-21. In the first group of HAs, Trp-21 is approximately parallel to the surface of the F subdomain, whereas the second group of HAs is oriented roughly perpendicular to the surface (FIG. 5, C And D). All three antibodies (FI6 variant 3, CR6261 and F10) contact Trp-21 mainly by phenylalanine side chains (Phe-100D for FI6 variant 3, Phe-54 for CR6261 and Phe-55 for F10). (FIG. 5, C and D). For FI6 variant 3, due to local reorganization in the HCDR3 loop, Phe-100D is located approximately 2Å deeper than the position of the H3 complex in the hydrophobic groove of the H1 complex. Thus, in either case, it means maintaining a more similar contact distance with Trp-21.

  In the complex formation with H1 HA, the positions of Phe-54 (CR6261) and Phe-55 (F10) of the two antibodies specific to the first group were similar to those of FI6 variant 3. However, when Phe-54 (CR6261) and Phe-55 (F10) are placed on a short loop HCDR2 linking two adjacent antiparallel strands, a second group of Trp-21 is separated from the hydrophobic groove. It appears that the flexibility with respect to the transfer of phenylalanine so as to accommodate is reduced compared to FI6 variant 3. Thus, CR6261 and F10 binding to Group 2 HA appears to be blocked by steric hindrance between HCDR2 phenylalanine and Trp-21.

  In summary, the structural data obtained show that the core epitope of helix A is similar to that recognized by CR6261 and F10, but FI6 variant 3 binds at a different angle and is further 5-10 mm away from the membrane. And is shown to contact a larger region that includes helix A and extends to the cleaved and uncleaved forms of the adjacent distal right monomer (FIG. 6). The binding of FI6 variant 3 is mediated by both VH and VL CDRs, in particular by long chain HCDR3, which has a different group-specific Trp-21 loop conformation, and LCDR1, which is heavily mutated. The The use of both VH and VK chains and long chain HCDR3 is characteristic of naturally selected antibodies, and possesses phage derived antibodies such as CR6261 and F10 that bind using only VH chains. In contrast to the properties. FI6 variant 3 The contacting residues in VH and VK are noted in FIG.

Example 5 FIG. In vivo preventive effect of FI6 variant 3 An in vivo test was conducted on the preventive effect of FI6 variant 3 using a mouse model for infection with influenza A virus. 6-week-old and 8-week-old female BALB / c mice were intravenously injected (iv) with purified antibodies at varying concentrations of 1-16 mg / kg. Three hours later, the mice were allowed to coma and 10 MLD50 (50% lethal dose of mice) of H1N1 A / PR / 8/34 was administered intranasally (in). As a treatment setting, mice were administered the antibody 1, 2 or 3 days after intranasal administration. Mouse survival and weight loss were monitored daily until day 14 post infection (pi). Mice whose body weight decreased by 25% or more from the start of the experiment were euthanized following the animal experiment protocol.

  To assess the effect of FI6 variant 3 on viral replication, mice administered 10 MLD50 of H1N1 A / PR / 8/34 were administered antibody at different time points and sacrificed 4 days later to lung and brain Were collected. The tissue was homogenized in Leibovitz L-15 medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with an antibiotic-antifungal solution (Invitrogen) to prepare a 10% (w / v) tissue suspension. A dose of tissue homogenous solution was set for MDCK cells, and the virus titer was measured. In the prophylactic setting, FI6 variant 3 is completely prophylactic and is somewhat prophylactic when administered at 4 mg / kg (survival rate 80%), when administered at 2 mg / kg, Mice were infected with Group 1 H1N1 A / PR / 8/34 virus (FIG. 8). In mice treated with FI6 variant 3, the pulmonary virus titer 4 days after infection was reduced to approximately 1/100 compared to the day of infection or 1 day (FIG. 9). Furthermore, FI6 variant 3 also prevented the weight loss of mice infected with group 2 H3N2 HK-x31 virus (FIG. 8).

Example 6 Mechanism of virus neutralization by FI6 variant 3 In in vivo tests aimed at evaluating the protective effect of FI6 antibodies, we used complement binding (FI6-v2 KA) or complement and FcR binding (FI6). FI6 variant 2 Fc variant lacking -v2 LALA) was generated. These antibodies showed similar binding and in vitro neutralization properties as FI6 variant 2 and half lethality comparable to in vivo studies (average half of FI6-v2, FI6-v2 KA and FI6-v2 LALA) The lethal periods are 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 days, respectively). The protective effect of these antibodies was tested in mice that were lethally infected with A / Puerto Rico / 8/34 (H1N1) virus. FI6. v2 completely prevented death of mice when administered at 4 mg / kg, and prevented death of 80% of mice when administered at 2 mg / kg (FIG. 8F). When administered at 10 mg / kg, FI6-v2 and FI6-v2 KA were completely prevented, whereas the activity of FI6-v2 LALA was significantly reduced and could only be prevented in 40% of mice (Fig. 8F). This reduction in effect was particularly pronounced when the antibody variant was administered at a limiting concentration of 3 mg / kg (FIG. 8G).

  To investigate the mechanism contributing to the neutralizing activity of FI6 variant 3, NC / 99 was prepared in PBS solution containing 15 times molar concentration of FI6 variant 3, FE17, non-specific mAb (HBD85) or mAb. Baculovirus-derived HA (Protein Sciences) was incubated at 37 ° C. for 40 minutes. Trypsin treated with TPCK was added to each sample to a final concentration of 2.5 μg / mL and digested at 37 ° C. for 5, 10 and 20 minutes. At each time point, a buffer containing SDS and DTT was added and the digestion was stopped by boiling at 95 ° C. for 5 minutes. The sample was then loaded onto a 12% Tris-glycine polyacrylamide gel. Proteins were transferred to PVDF membrane by iBlot blotting system (Invitrogen). The PVDF membrane was blocked for 30 hours with a TBS-Tween solution of 10% non-fat dry milk. The primary antibody against HA0 (in-house biotinylated FO32) was incubated overnight at 4 ° C. with a 0.5 μg / mL TBS-Tween solution. The PVDF membrane was washed 3 times with TBS-Tween and incubated with HRP-labeled streptavidin (Sigma) for 1 hour at room temperature.

  The PVDF membrane was washed 3 times with TBS-Tween and positive bands were detected with ECL Plus ™ Western Blotting Detection Reagent (GE Healthcare) and LAS4000 CCD camera system. The data in FIG. 10 shows that FI6 variant 3 inhibits cleavage of HA0 by TPCK-trypsin. This cleavage suggests that at least for these viruses, the antibody light chain binds to uncleaved HA0 and blocks infection where cleavage occurs extracellularly.

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Claims (35)

  An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, which neutralizes infection of group A and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus, and of influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) trimer Specifically binds to an epitope present in the stem region, wherein the heavy and light chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragments thereof first contact amino acids in the proximal monomer and then the HA In contact with the amino acid of the monomer on the distal right side of the trimer, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is produced in the transfected cells at a titer that is at least 3 times higher than that produced by FI6 variant 2. Isolated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.   The antibody heavy chain or antigen binding fragment thereof contacts an amino acid residue in the proximal monomer, wherein the antibody light chain or antigen binding fragment thereof is in the proximal monomer. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1, which contacts an amino acid residue and contacts an amino acid residue in a distal right monomer of the HA trimer.   It specifically binds to an epitope present in the stem region of influenza A HA trimer, and the first or second monomer in the HA trimer is uncut or cleaved The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1.   The heavy chain of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof is the 318th amino acid of HA1 of the first or second monomer, and 18, 19, 20, 21, 38, 41, 42, 45, 49 of HA2. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1, wherein the antibody contacts the amino acid residues 53, 57, and 57, and the monomer is uncleaved or cleaved.   The antibody light chain or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid residues 38, 39 and 43 of HA2 of the proximal monomer and amino acids 327, 328 and 329 of HA1 of the distal right monomer. The antibody or antigen thereof according to claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen thereof is in contact with residues and the first, second, third and fourth amino acid residues of HA2, and the proximal and distal right monomers are uncleaved. Binding fragment.   The antibody light chain or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid residues 38, 39, 42 and 46 of HA2 of the proximal monomer and amino acids 321 and 323 of HA1 of the distal right monomer. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is in contact with the 7th and 11th amino acid residues of HA2 and the proximal and distal right monomers are cleaved.   The amino acid residue 318 of HA1 and the amino acid residues 18, 19, 20, 21, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 56 and 57 of HA2 of the proximal monomer Binds specifically to an epitope comprising a group and amino acid residues 327, 328, 329 of HA1 of said distal right monomer and amino acid residues 1, 2, 3, and 4 of HA2 polypeptide; 2. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1, wherein the proximal and distal right monomers are uncleaved.   318th amino acid of HA1 of the proximal monomer and 18th, 19, 20, 21, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 49, 52, 53 and 57th amino acid residues of HA2, And specifically binding to an epitope comprising the 321st and 323rd amino acid residues of HA1 and the 7th and 11th amino acid residues of HA2 of said distal right monomer, wherein said proximal and said distal right monomer are The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1, which has been cleaved.   Specifically binds to an epitope comprising the 329th amino acid of HA1 and the first, second, third and fourth amino acid residues of HA2, wherein said HA1 and HA2 are in the uncleaved monomer of said HA trimer The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1, which is present.   Said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is in HA subtypes H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15 and H16 of influenza A The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 1, which specifically binds.   Isolated antibodies that neutralize infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and specifically bind to an epitope present in the stem region of the HA trimer of influenza A Wherein the heavy and light chains of the antibody or antigen binding fragments thereof first contact the amino acid of the proximal monomer of the HA trimer and then the distal right monomer Wherein said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is: (i) heavy chain CDR1, CDR2 as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 41 and 43, respectively, or as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 41 and 42, respectively. And (ii) comprising light chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6, respectively, or as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 44, 5 and 6, respectively. Release antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof.   The antibody heavy chain or antigen binding fragment thereof contacts an amino acid residue in the proximal monomer, wherein the antibody light chain or antigen binding fragment thereof is in the proximal monomer. 12. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof contacts an amino acid residue and contacts an amino acid residue in a distal right monomer of the HA trimer.   It specifically binds to an epitope present in the stem region of influenza A HA trimer, and the first or second monomer in the HA trimer is uncut or cleaved The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 11.   The heavy chain of the antibody or the antigen-binding fragment thereof is the 318th amino acid of HA1 of the first or second monomer, and 18, 19, 20, 21, 38, 41, 42, 45, 49 of HA2. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 11, wherein the antibody contacts the amino acid residues 53, 57, and 57, and the monomer is uncleaved or cleaved.   The antibody light chain or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid residues 38, 39 and 43 of HA2 of the proximal monomer and amino acids 327, 328 and 329 of HA1 of the distal right monomer. 12. The antibody or antigen thereof according to claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen thereof is in contact with residues and the first, second, third and fourth amino acid residues of HA2 and the proximal and distal right monomers are uncleaved. Binding fragment.   The antibody light chain or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises amino acid residues 38, 39, 42 and 46 of HA2 of the proximal monomer and amino acids 321 and 323 of HA1 of the distal right monomer. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 11, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is one in which the proximal and the distal right monomers are cleaved by contacting residues and the seventh and eleventh amino acid residues of HA2.   The amino acid residue 318 of HA1 and the amino acid residues 18, 19, 20, 21, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 53, 56 and 57 of HA2 of the proximal monomer Specifically binding to an epitope comprising a group and amino acid residues 327, 328, 329 of HA1 and amino acids 1, 2, 3, and 4 of HA2 of the distal right monomer, 12. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 11, wherein the position and the distal right monomer are uncleaved.   318th amino acid of HA1 of the proximal monomer and 18th, 19, 20, 21, 38, 39, 41, 42, 45, 46, 49, 52, 53 and 57th amino acid residues of HA2, And specifically binding to an epitope comprising the 321st and 323rd amino acid residues of HA1 and the 7th and 11th amino acid residues of HA2 of said distal right monomer, wherein said proximal and said distal right monomer are The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 11, which has been cleaved.   Specifically binds to an epitope comprising the 329th amino acid of HA1 and the first, second, third and fourth amino acid residues of HA2, wherein said HA1 and HA2 are in the uncleaved monomer of said HA trimer 12. The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 11 present.   Said antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is in HA subtypes H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15 and H16 of influenza A The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to claim 11, which specifically binds.   Neutralizing infection of group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus and: (i) as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 1, 41 and 43, respectively, or SEQ ID NOs: 1, 41 and 42, respectively Heavy chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences as shown in; and (ii) light chain CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5 and 6, respectively, or as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 44, 5 and 6, respectively. An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a sequence.   A heavy chain variable region having at least 80% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 59 or 55 and a light chain having at least 80% sequence identity to an amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 57 or 61 The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising a variable region.   A heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 A variable region; or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; or a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 An isolated antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a light chain variable region comprising, wherein the antibody neutralizes group 1 and group 2 subtypes of influenza A virus, or Their antigen-binding fragments.   24. The antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the antibody is a human antibody, monoclonal antibody, purified antibody, single chain antibody, Fab, Fab ', F (ab') 2, Fv or scFv. Or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.   The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 24 for treating infection with influenza A virus.   A nucleic acid molecule comprising a polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 25.   27. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 26, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence that is at least 75% identical to a nucleic acid sequence as set forth in any of SEQ ID NOs: 45-54, 56, 58, 60, or 62.   27. The nucleic acid molecule of claim 26, wherein the polynucleotide comprises a sequence as shown in SEQ ID NOs: 60 and 58; or SEQ ID NOs: 60 and 62; or SEQ ID NOs: 56 and 58; or SEQ ID NOs: 56 and 62.   A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 26, 27, or 28.   A cell expressing the antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 25, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, or comprising the vector according to claim 29.   26. An immunogenic isolated or purified polypeptide comprising an epitope that binds to an antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 25, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.   The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 25, the nucleic acid according to any one of claims 26 to 28, the vector according to claim 29, or the claim 30. 32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a cell or an immunogenic polypeptide of claim 31 and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.   The antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 25 in (i) manufacture of a drug for treating infection with influenza A virus, (ii) vaccine, or (iii) diagnosis of infection with influenza A virus. Or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, a nucleic acid according to any one of claims 26 to 28, a vector according to claim 29, a cell according to claim 30, or an immunogenic polypeptide according to claim 31. Or a use of the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 32.   26. Any one of claims 1 to 25 for monitoring the quality of an anti-influenza A virus vaccine by confirming that the antigen of the vaccine contains a specific epitope having an appropriate conformation. Use of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to one item.   A method for reducing infection with an influenza A virus or reducing the risk of infection with an influenza A virus, wherein the antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 25 or an amount thereof is effective for prevention or treatment. Administering the antigen-binding fragment to a subject in need thereof.