JP2017080656A - Purifier and purification method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a purifier and a purification method capable of purifying an object efficiently by using bubbles generated following a shock wave.SOLUTION: A purifier includes a separation part 3 for separating first liquid from second liquid, and a shock wave generation part 4 for generating a shock wave accompanied by generation of bubbles in the second liquid, which is a shock wave propagating from the first liquid to the second liquid through the separation part, in which the separation part 3 is constituted by using a material having a propagation characteristic selected based on a propagation characteristic of the shock wave in the second liquid.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a purification device and a purification method.

  A phenomenon called cavitation in which a plurality of microbubbles are generated and disappeared in a short time due to a pressure difference in a liquid is known.

  Cavitation can be observed by, for example, a discharge test in water filled in an acrylic thin water tank. In the discharge test using the thin water tank, it can be confirmed that a plurality of microbubbles are generated behind (backward) the underwater shock wave propagating in the thin water tank due to the discharge (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

T. Koita, K. Hayashi, M. Sun, Experimental Study of Underwater Shock Wave and Cavitation Generated by Underwater Electric Discharge in a Narrow Container, Proc. Of 29th International Symposium on Shock Waves, Vol 2, pp 1505-1510, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, from July 14 to July 19, 2013

  Various applications of microbubbles generated in cavitation have been studied. One of the uses of microbubbles is purification such as sterilization or washing.

  In one aspect, an object of the present invention is to provide a purification device and a purification method for efficiently purifying an object using bubbles generated with a shock wave.

  In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described object, and other effects of the present invention can be achieved by the functions and effects derived from the respective configurations shown in the embodiments for carrying out the invention which will be described later. It can be positioned as one of

  In one aspect, the purification device of the present application includes a separator that isolates the first liquid and the second liquid, and a shock wave that is transmitted from the first liquid to the second liquid through the separator. A shock wave generating unit that generates the shock wave accompanied by generation of bubbles in the second liquid, and the isolation unit is selected based on a propagation characteristic of the shock wave in the second liquid. It is constructed using a material having the propagation characteristics.

  In one aspect, the purification method of the present case includes the first liquid and the second liquid by the isolation part configured using the material having the propagation characteristic selected based on the propagation characteristic of the shock wave in the second liquid. A shock wave that isolates the liquid from the first liquid and propagates through the isolation portion to the second liquid and propagates to the second liquid is generated with the generation of bubbles in the second liquid.

  In one aspect, it is possible to provide a purification device and a purification method that efficiently purify an object using bubbles generated with a shock wave.

It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the structural example of an electrode unit. It is a figure explaining acoustic impedance. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between acoustic impedance and energy transmittance. It is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between acoustic impedance and energy transmittance. It is a figure which shows an example of the film material of a microbial cell container. It is a figure which shows the example which caught the propagation of the underwater shock wave and the production | generation of cavitation after discharge continuously. It is a figure which shows the example which caught the propagation of the underwater shock wave after the first bubble rebound, and the production | generation of cavitation continuously. It is a figure which shows an example of the pressure transition of the underwater shock wave by discharge. It is a figure which shows an example of the pressure transition of the shock wave which appears after the first bubble rebound. It is a figure which shows the example which caught the propagation of the underwater shock wave and the production | generation of cavitation continuously from the side surface of the water tank. It is a figure which shows the structural example of an experimental apparatus. It is a figure which shows the structural example of an electrode unit. It is a figure which shows each experimental condition of discharge voltage V = 4.5kV and 3.3kV. It is a figure which shows the experimental result of the relationship between the frequency | count of discharge in 4.5 kV, and the number of viable cells. It is a figure which shows the experimental result of the relationship between the frequency | count of discharge and the number of viable cells in each case of 4.5 kV and 3.3 kV. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a unit isolation | separation type sterilizer. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the purification object isolation | separation type sterilizer. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which provides the water tank which has a cylindrical shape. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which provides the water tank which has a cylindrical shape. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which provides the water tank which has a multiple cylinder shape. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which provides the water tank which has a multiple cylinder shape. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which provides the water tank which has a multiple cylinder shape. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which provides a multilayer type water tank. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the sterilizer which provides a diaphragm independent water tank. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a discharge type shock wave generation unit. It is a figure which shows the structural example of a laser irradiation type shock wave generation unit.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiment described below is merely an example, and there is no intention to exclude various modifications and technical applications that are not explicitly described below. That is, the present embodiment can be implemented with various modifications without departing from the spirit of the present embodiment. In the drawings used in the following embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts unless otherwise specified.

[1] One Embodiment [1-1] About Purification Using Bubbles Generated in Cavitation Examples of uses of bubbles generated in cavitation include purification objects such as liquid or solid purification by bubble collapse. Purification may include sterilization of the liquid, cleaning of dirt attached to the solid surface, and the like. Hereinafter, liquid sterilization will be described as an example of purification to be purified.

  For example, by a biological experiment using marine Vibrio bacteria, the bactericidal effect of the collapse of microbubbles induced by underwater shock waves can be observed. In experiments using marine Vibrio bacteria, the inactivation effect of marine bacteria can be confirmed by sterilization by impact of collapse of microbubbles. The microbubbles have a size of several mm to several nm, and the inside of the bubbles is filled with a vacuum, a gas melted into a liquid, or water vapor.

  In order to realize the above-described sterilization of the liquid using bubbles with a simple configuration, for example, a purification apparatus including a water tank filled with a liquid to be purified and a shock wave generation unit that generates a shock wave accompanied by the generation of bubbles in the liquid. Can be considered. Examples of the shock wave generating unit include a device that generates a shock wave in a liquid by various methods such as discharge and laser irradiation.

  However, when the shock wave generating unit generates a shock wave in the liquid, liquid contamination may occur. For example, the liquid itself may be altered by energy such as heat generated in the process of generating a shock wave. In some cases, melting or destruction of the electrode used for discharge may cause the metal to be dissolved in the liquid, or metal fragments to be mixed in the liquid.

  In addition to wastewater treatment, purification devices are used in a wide variety of applications, such as sterilization of ultrapure water or purified water in electronic factories, and sterilization of cleaning water or cooling water for materials or containers in food factories. Therefore, it is not preferable that the liquid to be purified is contaminated in the process of generating the shock wave.

[1-2] Configuration Example of Purification Device According to One Embodiment Therefore, in one embodiment, the purification target is efficiently purified while preventing the purification target from being contaminated by the generation of a shock wave. A possible purification device will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a sterilizer 1 according to an embodiment. FIG. 1A is a plan view of the sterilizer 1 as viewed from above, and FIG. A front view is shown. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a configuration example of the electrode unit 45 of the sterilizer 1, wherein FIG. 2A is a plan view and FIG. 2B is a front view.

  The sterilization apparatus 1 is an apparatus that generates a shock wave that accompanies the generation of gas in a liquid and sterilizes the liquid to be purified by the generated bubbles, and is an example of a purification apparatus that purifies the purification target. In the following description, it is assumed that the sterilizer 1 generates a shock wave by discharging between the electrodes.

As shown in the front view of FIG. 1B, the sterilizer 1 includes, for example, a water tank 2, a bacterial cell container 3, a shock wave generating unit 4, and an electrode support portion 5.

  The water tank 2 is a water tank that is filled with a first liquid that is a medium for propagating shock waves. In the example shown in FIG. 1B, the water tank 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped thin water tank having a small depth size with respect to the height and width. is there. In one embodiment, the first liquid filled in the water tank 2 is distilled water.

  As the material of the water tank 2, various materials having high water tightness and impact resistance may be used. As an example, the material of the solid wall 21 of the water tank 2 includes a metal such as a stainless steel member, a synthetic resin such as an acrylic resin or FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics), or a combination thereof.

  The microbial cell container 3 is an example of an isolation part that isolates the first liquid filled in the water tank 2 and the second liquid to be purified. In one embodiment, the bacterial cell container 3 is a rectangular parallelepiped container made of a silicone rubber film, and is inserted from the upper part of the water tank 2 and installed in the water tank 2.

  A bacterial cell solution containing the bacterial cells to be sterilized is injected into the bacterial cell container 3 as an example of the second liquid. In one embodiment, a marine Vibrio bacterium that is non-toxic and easy to handle is used as the bacterial cell, and a liquid obtained by adding the marine Vibrio bacterium to seawater is used as the bacterial cell solution.

  The shock wave generating unit 4 is an example of a shock wave generating unit that generates a shock wave that is transmitted from the first liquid through the fungus body container 3 to the second liquid and generates bubbles in the second liquid. The shock wave generating unit 4 includes, for example, a voltage source 41, a capacitor 42, a spark trigger 43, a cable 44, and an electrode unit 45.

  The voltage source 41 is a device that outputs a DC voltage having a desired value from the output voltage range. The capacitor 42 is a circuit element that is connected in parallel with the voltage source 41 and accumulates electric charges for discharging based on the output voltage from the voltage source 41. The spark trigger 43 is a switch for discharging the charge accumulated in the capacitor 42.

  In other words, the voltage source 41, the capacitor 42, and the spark trigger 43 are positioned as a discharge driver circuit 40 that supplies power for discharging.

  The cables 44 are two cables that guide the electric power supplied from the discharge driver circuit 40 to the vicinity of the water tank 2. The electrode unit 45 is a discharge electrode that generates a shock wave in the water tank 2 by electric power supplied via the cable 44.

  As illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B and FIGS. 2A and 2B, the electrode unit 45 includes two conductors 45a connected to the cable 44 and coated with an insulator, and two conductors 45a. For example, a soldered wire 45b is provided so as to make the leading end of the conductive wire 45a conductive. The conducting wire 45a may be a copper wire, for example, and the wire 45b may be copper. Note that a short circuit due to contact between the electrodes may be prevented by sandwiching an insulator such as a putty between the conductive wires 45a in the vicinity of the tip of the electrode unit 45 (near the wire 45b).

  According to the shock wave generating unit 4 configured as described above, the high voltage discharge induced between the electrodes of the electrode unit 45 due to the short circuit of the spark trigger 43 can turn the copper wire into plasma and generate an underwater shock wave.

  Note that the tip of the electrode unit 45 explodes and breaks with each discharge, but by forming the electrode unit 45 so as to be connectable to the cable 44, it is possible to prepare for discharge in a short time by replacing the electrode unit 45 itself. It becomes possible.

  The electrode support part 5 supports the power supply unit 45 inserted into the water tank 2 from the upper surface of the water tank 2. As for the material of the electrode support part 5, it is preferable that the part which contacts the power supply unit 45 at least is an insulator.

  Next, the material or shape of each component provided in the sterilizer 1 or the arrangement relationship between components will be described in detail.

(About the material of the bacterial cell container 3)
As illustrated in FIG. 3, when a shock wave is incident on an interface between different substances, a part of the shock wave is reflected by the interface and a part of the shock wave passes through the interface. In FIG. 3, Z ₀ represents the acoustic impedance (unit [Pa · s / m ³ ]) of the diaphragm of the bacterial cell container 3, and Z ₁ represents the acoustic impedance of the liquid (for example, distilled water) in the water tank 2. , Z ₂ represents the acoustic impedance of the liquid (e.g., bacteria solution) in the cell container 3.

  The acoustic impedance is an index related to the density of the medium or the speed of sound in the medium, and is an example of the propagation characteristic of the shock wave in the medium.

  When a shock wave in distilled water is approximated to an elastic wave, the energy transmission rate T of the diaphragm is expressed by the following formula (1).

Here, if the acoustic impedance Z ₀ of the diaphragm is equal to the acoustic impedance Z ₁ and Z ₂ in the traveling direction before and after the material of the shock wave energy passing rate T is 100%. Thus, the acoustic impedance Z ₀ of the diaphragm satisfies equation (2) below, the maximum passage rate of energy is achieved.

  From the above, it is preferable to select a material satisfying the above formula (2) as the material of the bacterial cell container 3.

For example, when the values of the acoustic impedances Z ₁ and Z ₂ are close (Z ₁ ≈Z ₂ ), the energy transmission rate of the diaphragm is represented by the tables shown in FIGS. As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5, if the acoustic impedance Z ₀ of the diaphragm of the bacterial cell container 3 is 0.2 to 5 times Z ₁ and Z ₂ , a passage rate of 30% or more should be secured. Can do. Moreover, if the acoustic impedance Z ₀ of the diaphragm of the bacterial cell container 3 is 0.5 times or more and 2 times or less of Z ₁ and Z ₂ , a passage rate of 70% or more can be secured. Furthermore, if the acoustic impedance Z ₀ of the diaphragm of the bacterial cell container 3 is 0.667 times or more and 1.5 times or less of Z ₁ and Z ₂ , a passage rate of 90% or more can be secured.

  In other words, the ratio between the acoustic impedance of the material of the bacterial cell container 3 and the acoustic impedance of the second liquid is preferably 0.2 or more and 5.0 or less. The ratio is more preferably 0.5 or more and 2.0 or less, and further preferably 0.667 or more and 1.5 or less.

  In introducing the sterilizer 1, it is considered that the liquid to be sterilized to be injected into the microbial cell container 3 is determined first. For this reason, it is preferable that the liquid filled in the material of the microbial cell container 3 and the water tank 2 has an acoustic impedance selected based on the determined acoustic impedance of the liquid to be sterilized. In other words, the fungus body container 3 is configured using a material having propagation characteristics selected based on the propagation characteristics of the shock wave in the second liquid.

In the sterilizer 1 shown in FIG. 1, the acoustic impedance of the bacterial cell solution in the bacterial cell container 3 is 1.5 × 10 ⁶ (Ns / m ³ ). For this reason, distilled water having substantially the same acoustic impedance is used in the water tank 2 although there is an error depending on the salinity of seawater, and the material of the cell container 3 is 1.2 × 10. A silicone film having an acoustic impedance of ^{6 to} 1.5 × 10 ⁶ (Ns / m ³ ) is used.

  In addition to the silicone film, the material of the microbial cell container 3 may be a film material illustrated in FIG. 6 having the same acoustic impedance as the microbial cell solution.

(About the shape of the tank 2)
As for the shape of the water tank 2, it is preferable that the distance between at least one opposing inner walls is not more than a predetermined size as in the thin water tank shown in FIG. In addition, when using the water tank whose distance between the inner walls which opposes is 5 mm, it is clear by experiment that a microbubble group is observed in the area | region 10-48 mm from a discharge point. Accordingly, the predetermined distance between the inner walls can vary depending on the thickness of the opposing inner walls, but is, for example, about 10.4 to 50% of the radius of the microbubble generation region by the shock wave generating unit 4. There may be. In addition, the shape of the water tank 2 is not limited to a thin water tank. Variations in the shape of the water tank 2 will be described later.

  The reason why such a shape of the water tank 2 is preferable is to generate microbubbles efficiently by the underwater shock wave (reflected wave) reflected on the wall surface or the water surface. Hereinafter, this will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  FIGS. 7A to 7H and FIGS. 8A to 8D show a state in which propagation of underwater shock waves and generation of cavitation after discharge are continuously captured. 7 and 8 are the same shape as the aquarium 2 shown in FIG. 1, and in a thin aquarium where both the front and the back are acrylic members, underwater shock waves are projected from the front or back of the aquarium. method).

  Assuming that the discharge timing is t = 0, as shown in FIG. 7B, the propagation of an elastic stress wave (ES) and the propagation of an underwater shock wave (SW) at t = 12.67 μs. Can be confirmed. Further, as shown in FIGS. 7D to 7H, it is possible to confirm the occurrence of cavitation behind (backward) the propagation direction of the shock wave, in other words, inside the shock wave.

  When the first bubble rebound occurs in a thin tank, a shock wave appears. As shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D, cavitation can be confirmed even after bubble rebound in the thin water tank.

  The bubble rebound is a phenomenon that occurs again after the microbubbles collapse. As illustrated in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the pressure of the shock wave that appears after the first bubble rebound is about half of the pressure of the underwater shock wave caused by the discharge.

  The underwater shock wave originally propagates in a spherical shape in a radial direction around the point of occurrence of the shock. However, since the depth of the thin water tank is small, the underwater shock wave propagates in the radial direction in a cylindrical shape as shown in FIGS. In other words, in a rectangular parallelepiped thin aquarium with a small size in one axial direction, underwater shock waves propagate in a ring shape in a direction (longitudinal direction) parallel to the plane on the other two axes in the thin aquarium.

  11A to 11D show a state where an underwater shock wave is photographed from the side surface of the water tank under the same conditions as in FIGS. 7 and 8. As shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b), after discharge, underwater shock waves are reflected by the acrylic glass on the front and back of the thin water tank (the left and right sides on the paper surface of FIG. 11 (a) or (b)). A plurality of reflected waves (reflected waves) are observed behind the underwater shock waves. Also, cavitation occurs behind the waves in the vicinity of the acrylic glass. Similarly, as shown in FIGS. 11C and 11D, also after bubble rebound, cavitation occurs after bubble rebound in the vicinity of acrylic glass.

  Thus, when an underwater shock wave is generated in a thin water tank, a plurality of shock waves (reflected waves) accompanied by cavitation appear in the vicinity of the wall surface. In other words, the number of microbubbles generated in the bacterial cell container 3 is increased by efficiently concentrating (superimposing) the reflected waves on the position where the microbubbles are generated, such as the position of the bacterial cell container 3. Can be made.

  Therefore, by using a water tank in which the distance between at least one opposing inner walls is equal to or less than a predetermined size as the water tank 2, microbubbles can be generated efficiently and efficient sterilization can be performed.

  Moreover, in order to reflect an underwater shock wave efficiently in the water tank 2, it is preferable that the outer wall of the water tank 2 contacts gas, for example, air, such as air | atmosphere.

As described above, the acoustic impedance of the liquid inside the aquarium 2, for example, distilled water, is about 1.5 × 10 ⁶ (Ns / m ³ ). Moreover, the acoustic impedance of a stainless steel member as an example of the solid wall 21 of the water tank 2 is about 45.7 × 10 ⁶ (Ns / m ³ ). On the other hand, the acoustic impedance of air is about 4.1 × 10 ² (Ns / m ³ ).

  Thus, when the outside of the solid wall 21 of the water tank 2 is a gas, even if a shock wave propagating the liquid in the water tank 2 passes through the solid wall 21 of the water tank 2, the interface between the solid wall 21 and the external gas Thus, the shock wave is substantially totally reflected and propagates in the liquid in the water tank 2.

  Therefore, by making the outside of the solid wall 21 of the water tank 2 a gas, loss of underwater shock waves (reflected waves) can be reduced, and microbubbles can be generated efficiently.

(Installation position of shock wave generating unit 4)
In addition, as the fixing position of the electrode unit 45, it is preferable that the explosion position at the tip is the center of the water tank 2 and the fungus body container 3. This is because the underwater shock wave is generated around a discharge point where discharge is performed by a wire explosion of the wire 45b using underwater discharge, and most of the plurality of microbubbles appear in a ring-shaped region around the discharge point.

  Furthermore, in order to efficiently obtain the sterilization effect by the microbubbles, it is preferable that the tip portion of the electrode unit 45 is installed in the vicinity of the high sterilization efficiency position in the bacterial cell container 3.

  In one embodiment, the microbial cells in the microbial cell container 3 have a property of being precipitated on the bottom surface side of the microbial cell container 3. For this reason, in order to efficiently obtain the sterilizing effect by the microbubbles, it is preferable to install the tip of the electrode unit 45 on the bottom surface side of the bacterial cell container 3.

  As described above, according to the sterilization device 1 as an example of the purification device, bubbles are generated by the shock wave in the second liquid, and therefore the second liquid can be purified by the purification action by the bubbles.

  In addition, according to the sterilization apparatus 1 as an example of the purification apparatus, the first liquid and the second liquid are isolated by the fungus body container 3, so that the first liquid is contaminated by the generation of the shock wave. Even if it occurs, the contaminated liquid can be prevented from flowing into the second liquid.

  Furthermore, according to the sterilization apparatus 1 as an example of the purification apparatus, the fungus body container 3 is configured using a material having propagation characteristics selected based on the propagation characteristics of shock waves in the second liquid. Thereby, the material of the microbial cell container 3 can be selected so that a shock wave can permeate | transmit the microbial cell container 3 and can be efficiently propagated to the 2nd liquid, and a bubble can be generated efficiently.

  Therefore, the sterilization apparatus 1 can efficiently purify the target using the bubbles generated with the shock wave.

[1-3] Experimental Example In order to confirm whether the bactericidal effect can be obtained by the impact pressure due to the incidence of the shock wave and the movement of the bubbles generated behind the shock wave, the inventors used a thin-type water tank. A body experiment was conducted.

  In this experiment, using a marine Vibrio bacterium, (1) an experiment at a discharge voltage of 4.5 kV in which microbubbles are generated behind the shock wave, and (2) a discharge voltage 3 in which microbubbles are not generated behind the shockwave The experiment was conducted at 3 kV.

[1-3-1] Experimental Device and Experimental Procedure FIG. 12 shows a configuration example of a thin water tank experimental device (sterilization device 1 ′) used in this experiment. FIG. 12A shows a plan view, and FIG. 12B shows a front view. As shown in FIG. 12B, the sterilizing apparatus 1 ′ basically has the same configuration as the sterilizing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. For convenience, the configuration of the sterilization apparatus 1 ′ corresponding to the sterilization apparatus 1 is denoted by “′” (dash).

  The internal dimensions of the water tank 2 'are 320 mm high, 240 mm wide, and 5 mm deep. The side wall and the bottom wall of the water tank 2 'are made of stainless steel, and are made by sandwiching a stainless steel member with an acrylic front wall having a thickness of 10 mm. Inside the aquarium 2 'is a cuboid container 3' of height 150mm, width 100mm, depth 4.5mm made of a silicone rubber film with a thickness of 0.1mm, hardness 60 degrees, and transmittance 95%. Inserted and installed. The silicone film used was GFSC6000 manufactured by Iwata Matex.

  Artificial seawater containing bacterial cells was injected into the bacterial cell container 3 ′ made of silicone film, and the periphery of the bacterial cell container 3 ′ was filled with distilled water made by Takasugi Pharmaceutical in the water tank 2 ′. In consideration of the influence of the wall surface of the underwater shock wave generated in the water tank 2 ′ and the reflected wave from the water surface, the depth of the distilled water in the water tank 2 ′ was set to 300 mm, and the water surface in the cell container 3 ′ was also matched. At this time, the volume of the bacterial cell solution in the bacterial cell container 3 was 58.5 ml.

  The underwater shock wave is generated by a wire explosion of copper wire (diameter 0.05 mm, length 1.8 mm) using underwater discharge, and the replaceable electrode unit 45 ′ is set so that the explosion position is at the center of the water tank 2 ′. It was inserted and arranged from the upper part of the water tank 2 '.

In the experiment, Vibrio sp., Which is non-toxic and easy to handle, was used. The bacterial cell solution was NaCl (400 mM / l), MgCl ₂ .6H ₂ O (53 mM / l), KCl (10 mM / l), Na ₂ SO ₄ (28 mM / l), CaCl ₂ .2H ₂ (10 mM / l). ) Was prepared by adding 1 m ^{3 of} a bacterial cell stock solution (containing 10 ⁹ cfu / ml of bacterial cells) prepared by isolating from sea water to 1 liter of artificial seawater prepared by dissolving water in distilled water. Note that cfu is a unit indicating a colony formed by cells.

  The bacterial cell solution is isolated from the electrode unit 45 ′, which is a discharge electrode part, in the water tank 2 ′ by the above-described silicone film-made bacterial cell container 3 ′. The effect on sterilization by is eliminated.

  In addition, since the acoustic impedance of the silicone film (rubber) used in this experiment is the same as that of distilled water, the underwater shock wave is transmitted without reflecting off the bottom surface of the bacterial cell container 3 'and propagates to the bacterial cell solution. To do. As shown in FIG. 12, the generation region of the microbubble group generated along with the propagation of the underwater shock wave is a radius of 50 mm with the electrode as the center, so that the line explosion position and the bottom surface of the silicone cell container 3 ′ are formed. The distance between them was L = 20 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 12B, in the discharge system (shock wave generating unit 4 ′) for generating an underwater shock wave, HJPQ-10 * 3 (output voltage range 0 to 10 kV, manufactured by Matsusada Precision Co., Ltd.) is used as the voltage source 41 ′. A high voltage source with an output current of 3 mA) was used. In addition, a capacitor having a capacity of C = 0.2 μF was used as the capacitor 42 ′.

  FIG. 13 shows a configuration example of an electrode unit 45 ′ as a discharge electrode. FIG. 12A shows a plan view, and FIG. 12B shows a front view. As shown in FIGS. 13 (a) and 13 (b), two copper wires (conductive wires) coated with an insulating heat shrinkable tube (insulation performance 20 kV / mm) having an outer diameter of 1.7 mm leaving 2 mm from the tip. 45a ′; 1.0 mm in diameter) were arranged in parallel with a width of 4.5 mm. Then, an electrode unit 45 ′ in which the ends of the two copper wires were soldered with a copper wire (wire 45b ′; length 1.8 mm, diameter 0.05 mm) was produced.

  In addition, the device which prevents the short circuit by contact between electrodes by putting putty between the copper wires near the electrode tip was given. In addition, the electrode unit 45 ′ itself can be exchanged, and preparation for discharge can be made in a short time.

  Using the sterilizing apparatus 1 'having the above-described configuration, discharge is started by a manual trigger by the spark trigger 43'. When the discharge starts, the high-voltage discharge induced between the electrodes turns the copper wire into a plasma and generates an underwater shock wave.

  When an underwater shock wave is generated in the water tank 2 ′ under the condition of a discharge voltage V = 4.5 kV, it has been confirmed that a microbubble group is generated behind the shock wave (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). In addition, it has been confirmed that microbubbles are not generated under the condition of V = 3.3 kV (for example, “Taketoshi Koda, Sonmei, research on underwater shock wave induced cavitation by discharge in a thin water tank and generated voltage threshold, (See Multiphase Flow Symposium 2013, No. B133 (2013) ”).

  Therefore, it was considered that the sterilization effect by the underwater shock wave and the microbubble group can be investigated by the bacterial cell experiment of V = 4.5 kV, and the sterilization effect of only the underwater shock wave by the experiment of V = 3.3 kV.

The theoretical discharge energy E is calculated with E = 1/2 CV ² , and the discharge energies Ee at V = 4.5 kV and 3.3 kV are Ee = 2.025 J and 1.089 J, respectively. In addition, since the peak pressure of the underwater shock wave is lowered when the discharge voltage is lowered, the explosion position in the experiment of V = 3.3 kV in order to make the peak pressure of the underwater shock wave incident on the bottom surface of the bacterial cell container 3 'coincide. Was brought closer to the bottom side of the bacterial cell container 3 ′ than the explosion position in the experiment of V = 4.5 kV.

[1-3-2] Experimental conditions and qualitative experimental results FIG. 14 shows the experimental conditions of the discharge voltages V = 4.5 kV and 3.3 kV, respectively. Experiments were performed using the sterilizer 1 'under the experimental conditions shown in FIG. 14, and the following results were obtained.

  (I) In the case of V = 4.5 kV, which is a condition for generating cavitation, a tendency to decrease bacterial cells was clearly obtained when the number of discharges was 20 or more.

  FIG. 15 shows the experimental results of the relationship between the number of discharges at 4.5 kV and the number of viable cells. In addition to the result of the 2nd set shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 15 includes the result of the 1st set in which the cfu value has an error due to an error. As shown in FIG. 15, a tendency of decreasing cfu was obtained by discharging more than 10 times.

  (Ii) When V = 3.3 kV, which is a condition in which cavitation is not generated, a bactericidal effect was not obtained.

  FIG. 16 shows the experimental results of the relationship between the number of discharges and the number of viable cells in each case of 4.5 kV and 3.3 kV. As shown in FIG. 16, in the discharge at 4.5 kV, the number of viable cells was clearly reduced by the discharge after 15 times. On the other hand, the number of viable cells maintained a constant value in the discharge of 3.3 kV. In addition, due to an error in experimental conditions, even if V = 3.3 kV, there is a possibility that microbubbles are actually generated in a small amount. However, since the bactericidal effect of microbubbles depends on the number of microbubbles, the bactericidal effect caused by microbubbles generated when V = 3.3 kV is slightly smaller than the bactericidal effect when V = 4.5 kV. It is thought that it was.

  (Iii) The effect on the bactericidal effect due to the presence or absence of cavitation was confirmed. This experimental result suggests that the generation of cavitation is an important condition for obtaining a bactericidal effect.

  As described above, it was found from experiments using the sterilizer 1 ′ that the sterilizing effect can be obtained by the microbubbles generated behind the underwater shock wave in the microbial cell container 3 ′.

[2] Other Configuration Examples of the Purification Device So far, the sterilization device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 has been described as an example of the purification device according to the embodiment, but the purification device according to the embodiment is configured as illustrated in FIG. 1. It is not limited to. Hereinafter, another example of the configuration of the purification device will be described using the sterilization device as an example.

[2-1] Variations in Arrangement of Diaphragm Purification devices can be classified into the following two types according to the arrangement method of the diaphragm that separates the first liquid and the second liquid.

[2-1-1] A mode of isolating the shock wave generating unit from the purification target (unit isolation type)
In the sterilization apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1, the microbial cell solution to be purified is filled in the microbial cell container 3 as an example of the diaphragm. However, as in the sterilization apparatus 100 illustrated in FIG. The part may be covered with a diaphragm 300.

  In the sterilization apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 17, the diaphragm 300 is filled with a first liquid that is a shock wave propagation medium, and at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400 (for example, an electrode unit; the same applies hereinafter) is filled in the diaphragm 300. Be contained. Further, the second liquid to be purified is injected into the water tank 200.

  The diaphragm 300 for storing at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400 may be provided at any position in the water tank 200, and other configurations of the shock wave generating unit 400 (for example, an apparatus such as a discharge driver circuit, etc.). ) May be provided outside the water tank 200. Alternatively, if the entire shock wave generating unit 400 can be reduced in size and stored in the diaphragm 300, the diaphragm 300 for storing the entire shock wave generating unit 400 may be provided at any position in the water tank 200.

  As described above, also in the sterilizer 100 shown in FIG. 17, the shock wave generated by the shock wave generating unit 400 inside the diaphragm 300 passes through the first liquid and the diaphragm 300 through reflection at the interface between the air and the water tank 200. Then, microbubbles are generated in the second liquid in the water tank 200. Therefore, the sterilization of the second liquid with microbubbles can be realized.

  Moreover, in the structure shown in FIG. 17, the 2nd liquid in the water tank 200 can also be made to flow. For example, if the second liquid is circulated in the water tank 200 so as to pass through the vicinity of the diaphragm 300, the shock wave generating unit 400 periodically generates a shock wave to sterilize the second liquid uniformly. be able to.

  In the example of FIG. 17, a region in the vicinity of the diaphragm 300 in the water tank 200 is extracted and shown, and the solid wall 210 may actually extend in the water flow direction and / or the direction orthogonal to the water flow direction. .

[2-1-2] Mode of isolating the purification target from the shock wave generating unit (Purification target isolation type)
Further, like the sterilization apparatus 110 illustrated in FIG. 18, the purification target may be covered with the diaphragm 300, and the purification target may be isolated from at least a part of the shock wave generation unit 400. The sterilizer 1 shown in FIG. 1 is classified into the type illustrated in FIG.

  In the sterilizer 110 shown in FIG. 18, the diaphragm 300 is filled with the second liquid to be purified. In addition, a first liquid which is a shock wave propagation medium is injected into the water tank 200, and at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400, for example, an electrode unit is installed.

  It should be noted that at least a part of the diaphragm 300 and the shock wave generating unit 400 that accommodates the purification target may be respectively fixed in any position in the water tank 200, and other configurations of the shock wave generating unit 400, such as a discharge driver circuit, etc. This device may be installed outside the water tank 200. Alternatively, the entire shock wave generating unit 400 may be downsized and the entire shock wave generating unit 400 may be fixed in any position in the water tank 200. Moreover, about the diaphragm 300, the 1st liquid in the water tank 200 may be flowed, and the diaphragm 300 may be movable by the water flow of the first liquid.

  Further, the diaphragm 300 may be provided with an opening, for example, in the upper portion in a range where the first liquid and the second liquid are not mixed as in the sterilization apparatus 1 shown in FIG. The two liquids may be sealed.

  As described above, also in the sterilization apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 18, the shock wave generated by the shock wave generating unit 400 inside the first liquid and outside the diaphragm 300 passes through the first liquid through reflection at the interface between the air and the water tank 200. And through the diaphragm 300, microbubbles are generated in the second liquid in the diaphragm 300. Therefore, the sterilization of the second liquid with microbubbles can be realized.

  In the example of FIG. 18, an area in the vicinity of the diaphragm 300 in the water tank 200 is extracted and shown, and the solid wall 210 may actually extend.

  Moreover, in the example shown in FIG.17 and FIG.18, the material of the diaphragm 300 is selected by the method similar to the sterilizer 1 of FIG.

[2-2] Variation of Form of Water Tank Next, a variation of the form of the water tank 200 in the sterilizer 100 or 110 shown in FIG. 17 or 18 will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the water tank in the following description is applicable to both aspects of the unit isolation type and the purification target isolation type. In the following description, the shock wave generating unit 400 shown in FIGS. 19 to 25 represents at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400. Further, at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400 may be covered with the diaphragm 300.

[2-2-1] Cylindrical shape As illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 23, the sterilizers 1000 a to 1000 c may include water tanks 200 a to 200 c having a cylindrical shape.

(First pattern)
As illustrated in FIGS. 19A and 20A, the sterilizer 1000a includes a water tank 200a. The water tank 200a includes a solid wall 210a having a cylindrical shape in which each of the inner wall and the outer wall has a common central axis. In the solid wall 210a, a liquid flow path along the central axis is formed in the cylindrical space on the inner wall side, and the outer wall side is in contact with the gas.

  FIG. 19B and FIG. 20B are cross-sectional views on a plane passing through the central axis of the water tank 200a. As shown in FIGS. 19B and 20B, in the water tank 200a, one or more shock wave generating units 400 may be arranged on the liquid flow path in the cylindrical space on the inner wall side. In order to increase the generation efficiency of microbubbles by the reflected wave of the underwater shock wave, at least a part of the shock wave generation unit 400 is preferably disposed on the central axis of the water tank 200a.

  As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, the liquid passing through the flow path formed in the water tank 200a is a first liquid (see FIG. 20) that is a shock wave propagation medium and a second that is a purification target. One of the liquids (see FIG. 19). In this case, the diaphragm 300 may be provided in the cylindrical space on the inner wall side of the solid wall, containing either the first liquid or the second liquid.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 19, when the liquid passing through the flow path formed in the water tank 200a is the second liquid, the diaphragm 300 accommodates at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400 together with the first liquid. Provided in the flow path. Thereby, whenever the 2nd liquid which passes through the flow path formed in the water tank 200a passes through the vicinity of the plurality of diaphragms 300, the 2nd liquid is sterilized.

  As shown in FIG. 20, when the liquid passing through the flow path formed in the water tank 200a is the first liquid, the diaphragm 300 accommodates the second liquid and can move into the flow path. Provided. The diaphragm 300 may move along the water flow in the first liquid in the cylindrical space. As a result, the second liquid in the diaphragm 300 is sterilized each time the diaphragm 300 moving along the water flow passes in the vicinity of the plurality of shock wave generating units 400 provided.

  In the description of FIGS. 21 to 25 described later, the liquid that passes through the flow paths formed in the water tanks 200b to 200e ′ is either the first liquid or the second liquid. Any one of the first liquid and the second liquid may be accommodated and provided in the flow path. Hereinafter, in the description of FIGS. 21 to 25, it is assumed that the liquid passing through the flow path is the second liquid, in other words, the diaphragm 300 is a unit isolation type. In the example shown in FIGS. 21 to 25, when the liquid passing through the flow path is the first liquid, in other words, the separation target isolation type, as described with reference to FIG. May be provided so as to accommodate the second liquid and be movable in the flow path.

(Second pattern)
As illustrated in FIG. 21A, the sterilizer 1000b includes a multi-cylindrical water tank 200b. The water tank 200b includes a plurality of solid walls 210b and 210b ′ each having a cylindrical shape in which the inner wall and the outer wall each have a common central axis. Each of the plurality of solid walls 210b and 210b ′ also has a common central axis. The inner first solid wall 210b is in contact with the gas on the inner wall side, and the outer second solid wall 210b ′ is in contact with the gas on the outer wall side. . In addition, a liquid flow path along the central axis is formed in an annular cylindrical space between the outer wall of the first solid wall 210b and the inner wall of the second solid wall 210b ′.

  FIG. 21B shows a cross-sectional view on a plane passing through the central axis of the water tank 200b. As shown in FIG. 21B, in the water tank 200b, a plurality of shock wave generating units 400 may be disposed on the liquid flow path. In order to increase the generation efficiency of the microbubbles by the reflected wave of the underwater shock wave, at least a part of the shock wave generation unit 400 is formed on the first solid wall 210b and the second solid wall 210b ′ in the liquid flow path of the water tank 200b. It is preferable to arrange at an intermediate position.

  In the water tank 200b, if the first and second solid walls 210b and 210b ′ are a pair of solid walls and the central axis is common, a plurality of sets of solid walls may be formed with a gas layer interposed therebetween. .

(Third pattern)
As illustrated in FIG. 22A, the sterilizer 1000c includes a water tank 200c. The water tank 200c has a configuration in which the water tank 200a shown in FIG. 19 is arranged as a third solid wall 210c on the inner wall side of the first solid wall 210b in the water tank 200b shown in FIG. In the water tank 200c, a gas layer is formed by the inner wall of the first solid wall 210b and the outer wall of the third solid wall 210c. Thus, you may combine a 1st pattern and a 2nd pattern.

(Modifications of the first to third patterns)
As illustrated in FIG. 23A as a cross-sectional view, a liquid combined channel (see a range indicated by “A”) 220a is formed or connected to the upstream side of the liquid channel with respect to the water tank 200a illustrated in FIG. Then, a liquid branch path (see a range indicated by “B”) 230a may be formed or connected to the downstream side of the liquid flow path. In addition, any one of the combined flow path 220a and the branch path 230a may be provided with respect to the water tank 200a.

  Further, as illustrated in FIG. 23B as a cross-sectional view, a liquid branching path (see a range indicated by “A”) 220b is formed on the upstream side of the liquid channel with respect to the water tank 200b illustrated in FIG. Alternatively, a liquid combined channel (see a range indicated by “B”) 230b may be formed or connected on the downstream side of the liquid channel. In addition, any one of the branched path 220b and the combined flow path 230b may be provided with respect to the water tank 200b.

  It should be noted that at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400 may be arranged for the liquid branching path and the combined flow path.

  Moreover, the branching path and the combined flow path shown in each of FIGS. 23A and 23B may be used as a connection member between the water tank 200a and the water tank 200b. In addition, as a connection member, it is not limited to what is illustrated to Fig.23 (a) and (b). For example, a member capable of connecting a pipe, a hose, a water tap or the like may be provided on the upstream side of the flow path of the water tank 200a or 200b, and the second liquid subjected to sterilization may be provided on the downstream side of the flow path. A member that can be connected to a discharge path such as a pipe, a hose, a faucet, a shower head, or the like may be provided. Alternatively, a faucet or shower head itself may be formed.

  Furthermore, in the sterilizers 1000a to 1000c shown in FIGS. 19 to 23, the shape of the water tanks 200a to 200c is not limited to a cylindrical shape, and may be a rectangular tube shape, or at least a cylindrical shape.

[2-2-2] Multilayer Type As illustrated in FIG. 24, the sterilizer 1000d or 1000d 'may include a multilayer water tank 200d or 200d'.

  As illustrated in FIG. 24A, the sterilizer 1000d includes a water tank 200d. The water tank 200d includes a first solid wall 210d and a second solid wall 210d ′. In this water tank 200d, a liquid flow path is provided in a cylindrical space (for example, a rectangular tube shape such as a cubic shape) between the first surface of the first solid wall 210d and the first surface of the second solid wall 210d ′. And the second surface facing the first surface of each of the first and second solid walls 210d and 210d ′ is in contact with the gas.

  In the water tank 200d, as shown in FIG. 24A, a plurality of shock wave generating units 400 are arranged on the liquid flow path on the first surface side of the first and second solid walls 210d and 210d ′. Good. In order to increase the generation efficiency of microbubbles by the reflected wave of the underwater shock wave, at least a part of the shock wave generation unit 400 is disposed at an intermediate position between the first and second solid walls 210d and 210d ′ in the liquid flow path. It is preferable.

  As illustrated in FIG. 24B, the sterilizer 1000d 'includes a water tank 200d'. In the water tank 200d ′, the first and second solid walls 210d and 210d ′ of the water tank 200d shown in FIG. 24A are used as one set of solid walls, and a plurality of sets of solid walls are formed with a gas layer interposed therebetween.

  According to the sterilizer 1000d or 1000d 'shown in FIG. 24, since the water tank 200d or 200d' can be easily multilayered, it is suitable for use in a purification system having a relatively large scale for purifying a large amount of purification objects.

  24, the solid wall 210d or 210d ′ of the water tank 200d or 200d ′ is not limited to a planar shape, and may be a curved surface.

[2-2-3] Diaphragm independent type As illustrated in FIG. 25, the sterilizer 1000e or 1000e 'may include a diaphragm independent water tank 200e or 200e'.

  As illustrated in FIG. 25A, the sterilizer 1000e includes a water tank 200e. The water tank 200e includes a first solid wall 210e and a second solid wall 210e ′. In this water tank 200e, a liquid flow path is formed in a cylindrical space (for example, a rectangular tube shape such as a cubic shape) between the first surface of the first solid wall 210e and the first surface of the second solid wall 210e ′. In each of the first and second solid walls 210e and 210e ', the second surface side facing the first surface is in contact with the gas. Further, the first and second solid walls are arranged so that the shock wave generating unit 400 sandwiched between the two diaphragms 300 parallel to the first and second solid walls 210e and 210e 'divides the liquid flow path into two. Installed between 210e and 210e '. Note that the liquid shown in FIG. 25A includes a second liquid to be purified.

  In other words, the partition 300 contains at least a part of the shock wave generating unit 400 and the first liquid, and includes the first surface of the first solid wall 210e and the first surface of the second solid wall 210e ′. It is provided in the cylindrical space between.

  One or more shock wave generating units 400 may be disposed between the diaphragms 300 in the water tank 200e as shown in FIG. In order to increase the generation efficiency of microbubbles by the reflected wave of the underwater shock wave, it is preferable that the shock wave generation unit 400 is disposed at an intermediate position between the first and second solid walls 210e and 210 ′ in the liquid flow path. .

  As illustrated in FIG. 25 (b), the sterilizer 1000e 'includes a water tank 200e'. In the water tank 200e ′, the first and second solid walls 210e and 210e ′ of the water tank 200e shown in FIG. 25A are used as one set of solid walls, and a plurality of sets of solid walls are formed with a gas layer interposed therebetween.

  According to the sterilization apparatus 1000e or 1000e ′ shown in FIG. 25, the diaphragm 300 and the shock wave generating unit 400 are installed as one unit in the liquid flow path. Therefore, since the water tank 200e or 200e 'can be easily multi-layered, it is suitable for use in a purification system having a relatively large scale for purifying a large amount of objects to be purified. Moreover, since the diaphragm 300 and the shock wave generating unit 400 can be easily replaced, the work efficiency of maintenance can be improved.

  In the sterilizer 1000e or 1000e ′ shown in FIG. 25, the solid wall 210e or 210e ′ of the water tank 200e or 200e ′ is not limited to a planar shape, and may be a curved surface.

[2-3] Variation of Shock Wave Generation Unit Next, an example of the internal configuration of the diaphragm 300 or the shock wave generation unit 400 shown in FIGS. 17 to 25 will be described by focusing on the shock wave generation method by the shock wave generation unit 400. FIG.

[2-3-1] Method of generating shock wave by shock wave generating unit As a method of generating underwater shock wave by shock wave generating unit 400, discharge, collision, piezoelectric element, explosion, explosive, laser irradiation, electromagnetic vibration, shock tube, or high pressure Gas etc. are mentioned.

  In addition, as a technique for generating an underwater shock wave by discharge, gap discharge, streamer discharge, linear explosion, or the like can be given. In addition, as a technique for generating an underwater shock wave by collision, a technique of causing a piston to collide with a liquid can be given. In the generation of underwater shock waves by the shock wave tube, a shock wave tube with a silicone film attached to the end of the tube may be used.

[2-3-2] Example of Discharge Type Hereinafter, the discharge type shock wave generating unit 400 will be described. For example, as shown in FIG. 26, an electrode unit 450 or an electrode unit 450 ′ of the shock wave generating unit 400 may be provided inside the diaphragm 300.

  In the example shown in FIG. 26A, the electrode unit 450 includes an electrode 450a. The electrode 450a is, for example, a copper wire, and at least a portion other than the tip may be coated with an insulator like a conducting wire 45a illustrated in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 26A, the tips of the two electrodes 450a are arranged on the same axis and spaced apart with an interval of, for example, about 50 μm.

  According to the configuration shown in FIG. 26A, the shock wave generation unit 400 can continuously generate underwater shock waves by discharging by applying a low voltage of about 50 V to the electrode 450a. In addition, since the underwater shock wave is generated using the discharge due to dielectric breakdown rather than the wire explosion of the wire 45b like the electrode unit 45 shown in FIG. 2, it is not necessary to replace the electrode unit 450 at each discharge.

  On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 26B, the electrode unit 450 ′ includes a wire 450b in addition to the same electrode 450a as in FIG. The wire 450b is made of copper, for example, and may be soldered so that the tips of the two conductive wires 450a are conducted like the wire 45b illustrated in FIG. In the example shown in FIG. 26 (b), the tips of the two electrodes 450a are coaxially opposed to each other with an interval of about 0.5 mm, for example, and the tips of the two electrodes 450a are connected by a wire 450b. The

  According to the configuration shown in FIG. 26 (b), since the discharge is performed between the two conductive wires 450a through the wire 450b, the discharge can be easily controlled, and a stable discharge can be performed.

  Although not shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B, the shock wave generating unit 400 may further have the same configuration as the discharge driver circuit 40 and the cable 44 shown in FIG.

[2-3-3] Example of Laser Irradiation Type Next, a laser irradiation type shock wave generating unit 400 will be described. For example, as shown in FIG. 27, a laser irradiation unit 460 or 460 ′ included in the shock wave generation unit 400 may be provided inside the diaphragm 300. In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted in FIG. 27 (a) and (b), the shock wave generation unit 400 may provide a laser light source.

  In the example shown in FIG. 27A, the laser irradiation unit 460 includes a condenser lens 460a. The condensing lens 460a is a lens that condenses laser light in a shock wave generation region to generate a shock wave. For example, the laser beam may be guided from the light source to the condenser lens 460a by an optical fiber cable or the like.

  In the example shown in FIG. 27B, the laser irradiation unit 460 includes an optical fiber cable 460b. The optical fiber cable 460b is processed to round the tip into a hemisphere. As a result, the laser beam reaching the tip can be condensed in the shock wave generation region, so that the condensing lens 460a can be omitted. For example, since the diameter of the optical fiber cable 460b can be about 0.3 mm, the overall size of the diaphragm 300 that accommodates the laser irradiation unit 460 ′ can be reduced to about 1 mm.

  Up to this point, as an example of the shock wave generating unit 400, the aspect of generating a shock wave by discharge or laser irradiation has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The shock wave generating unit 400 capable of realizing the various methods exemplified as described above may be used.

[2-4] Scenes to which the purification device can be applied The purification device according to an embodiment can be used in various situations. For example, a sterilization technique using an underwater shock wave and a group of microbubbles is used in wastewater treatment, various sterilization treatments in factories, and the like.

  As an example, in wastewater treatment, it can be used for sterilization treatment of ballast water, terminal sterilization treatment of industrial wastewater to the sea or lake, sewage treatment, sterilization treatment of water storage tanks, and the like.

  Also, in various sterilization treatments at factories, etc., sterilization of cleaning water or cooling water of materials or containers at food factories, sterilization of ultrapure water or purified water at electronic factories, sterilization of clean water or factory cleaning water at electronic factories Etc. can be used. Furthermore, in the aquaculture industry, it can be used for sterilization of circulating aquaculture water or washing water such as shellfish such as oysters or scallops or fry, and terminal sterilization treatment of culture drainage. Moreover, in agriculture, it can be used for sterilization of water for water root cultivation and sterilization of agricultural ponds. Furthermore, in environmental protection, it can be used for sterilization of environmental protection of lakes or seas such as sterilization of lake bacteria and plankton.

  Note that the sterilization method can be used for sterilization of bath water or pool water after taking safety measures for facility users, for example.

  So far, the sterilization apparatus has been described as an example of the purification apparatus according to the embodiment. However, the above-described configurations of the sterilization apparatuses 1, 1 ′, 100, 110, and 1000a to 1000e ′ perform cleaning for cleaning a solid surface. The same applies to the apparatus.

  In the cleaning by the generation of high pressure using the underwater shock wave and the microbubble group, the object to be cleaned is injected into the generation area of the underwater shock wave and the microbubble group, and the container 3, 3 ′ in which the cleaning liquid as an example of the second liquid is injected, or What is necessary is just to cover with the diaphragm 300 and insert into water tank 2, 2 ', 200, 200', or 200a-200e '. In addition, as a washing | cleaning liquid poured into the container 3, 3 'or the diaphragm 300 with a washing | cleaning target, it is a liquid with little influence on a washing | cleaning target (for example, it does not change in quality), such as distilled water, purified water, or washing water, for example. It is preferable.

[3] Others The technology according to the above-described embodiment can be implemented with modifications and changes as follows.

  The number of the bacterial cell containers 3 or the diaphragm 300 described above, the number of the shock wave generating units 4 or 400, the number of the solid walls in the water tank 2, 200a to 200e ′, and the like are not limited to the above-described numbers, and may be any number. It may be.

  In addition, the size of the microbubbles can be appropriately changed depending on the bacteria or dirt to be sterilized or cleaned. Therefore, it is preferable to generate microbubbles of an appropriate size by adjusting the shock wave generating unit 4 or 400 or the like.

1, 1 ', 100, 110, 1000a-1000e' Sterilizer 2, 2 ', 200, 200', 200a-200e 'Water tank 21, 21', 210, 210a-210e 'Solid wall 220a, 230b Combined flow path 220b, 230a Branch path 3, 3 'Cell container 300 Diaphragm 4, 4', 400 Shock wave generating unit 40 'Discharge driver circuit 41, 41' Voltage source 42, 42 'Capacitor 43, 43' Spark trigger 44, 44 'Cable 45, 45 ', 450 electrode unit 45a, 45a' conducting wire 45b, 45b ', 450b wire 450a electrode 460, 460' laser irradiation unit 460a condenser lens 460b optical fiber cable 5, 5 'electrode support

Claims (9)

An isolator for isolating the first liquid and the second liquid;
A shock wave generating unit that generates a shock wave that propagates from the first liquid to the second liquid through the isolation part and is accompanied by generation of bubbles in the second liquid. ,
The isolation part is
The material having a propagation characteristic selected based on the propagation characteristic of the shock wave in the second liquid is configured.
A purification device characterized by that. The propagation characteristics of the second liquid and the propagation characteristics of the material of the isolation part are acoustic impedances, respectively.
The purification device according to claim 1, wherein The ratio between the acoustic impedance of the material of the isolation part and the acoustic impedance of the second liquid is 0.2 or more and 5.0 or less.
The purification device according to claim 2, wherein The propagation characteristics of the shock wave in the first liquid were selected based on the propagation characteristics of the shock wave in the second liquid,
The purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein Each of the inner wall and the outer wall comprises a solid wall having a cylindrical shape with a common central axis,
In the solid wall, the flow path of one of the first liquid and the second liquid along the central axis is formed in the cylindrical space on the inner wall side, and the outer wall side is in contact with the gas,
The isolation part accommodates either the first liquid or the second liquid and is provided in the cylindrical space on the inner wall side of the solid wall.
The purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the purification apparatus is characterized. Each of the inner wall and the outer wall includes a first solid wall and a second solid wall having a cylindrical shape with a common central axis,
Each of the first and second solid walls has the central axis in common,
The inner wall side of the first solid wall and the outer wall side of the second solid wall are in contact with the gas, respectively.
One of the first liquid and the second liquid along the central axis in an annular cylindrical space between the outer wall of the first solid wall and the inner wall of the second solid wall Is formed,
The isolation portion accommodates one of the first liquid and the second liquid, and is disposed between the outer wall of the first solid wall and the inner wall of the second solid wall. Provided in an annular cylindrical space,
The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Comprising a first solid wall and a second solid wall;
A flow path of one of the first liquid and the second liquid is formed in a cylindrical space between the first surface of the first solid wall and the first surface of the second solid wall. And
In each of the first and second solid walls, the second surface facing the first surface is in contact with the gas,
The isolation portion accommodates one of the first liquid and the second liquid, the first surface of the first solid wall, and the first surface of the second solid wall; Provided in the cylindrical space between,
The purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the purification apparatus is characterized. Comprising a first solid wall and a second solid wall;
A flow path for the second liquid is formed in a cylindrical space between the first surface of the first solid wall and the first surface of the second solid wall;
In each of the first and second solid walls, the second surface facing the first surface is in contact with the gas,
The isolation part accommodates at least a part of the shock wave generation part and the first liquid, and includes the first surface of the first solid wall and the first surface of the second solid wall. Provided in the cylindrical space between,
The purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the purification apparatus is characterized. The first liquid and the second liquid are isolated by an isolation part configured using a material having a propagation characteristic selected based on the propagation characteristic of the shock wave in the second liquid,
A shock wave propagating from the first liquid through the isolation part to the second liquid, and generating the shock wave accompanied by the generation of bubbles in the second liquid;
The purification method characterized by the above-mentioned.