JP2017078698A - Combustion test device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion test device with which, even when explosion occurs during a combustion test, it is possible to process an exhaust gas or powder dust generated by the explosion without discharging the same directly into the air.SOLUTION: Provided is a combustion test device 1 having a combustion testing room 10, an exhaust gas processing device 30 for processing an exhaust gas generated in the combustion testing room 10, and an exhaust gas discharge prevention device 20 provided between the combustion testing room 10 and the exhaust gas processing device 30, the combustion test device 1 being characterized in that the exhaust gas discharge prevention device 20 has a chamber 22 and a duct 21 passing through the inside of the chamber 22 from the combustion testing room 10 and extending to the exhaust gas processing device 30, the duct 21 being provided with a diffusion opening 21c inside the chamber 22 that is covered with a diffusion plate 21d, the chamber 22 being provided with a vent hole 22c and being larger in internal space than a gas breaking the diffusion plate 21d and bursting forth into the chamber 22 due to explosion inside the combustion testing room 10.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a combustion test apparatus for performing a combustion test of a product or material, and in particular, even if a combustion object explodes during a combustion test, the exhaust gas generated by the explosion is not leaked to the outside. The present invention relates to a combustion test apparatus that can capture and remove harmful components.

  In order to improve functionality, products such as batteries and automobiles, and materials such as fibers and resins may accumulate high energy or use flammable materials. However, in order to ensure safety during use, it is necessary to reduce disasters such as fires and explosions when these items (hereinafter referred to as “combustion objects”) generate heat or are heated. Confirmation is required.

  Combustion objects such as investigation of events caused by combustion of combustion objects, reproduction of combustion (police), confirmation of explosion safety (no explosion), ignition investigation of electrical products (for example, when the power supply voltage is abnormal) It is necessary to confirm the combustion characteristics.

  Patent Document 1 shows a battery combustion test apparatus. Here, a test apparatus having a combustion test chamber and an exhaust gas treatment unit is disclosed. The exhaust gas treatment unit is exemplified by a fluorine adsorption tower, a water washing tower, and an activated carbon treatment tank. However, if the harmful components can be removed from the exhaust gas, the configuration is not limited (see paragraph 0050). .

  Further, it is shown here that a “booth” for performing a combustion test needs to have pressure resistance against an explosion that occurs during the combustion test. At this time, a preliminary estimation calculation of the blast pressure is also performed at the time of design (see paragraph 0121).

  Patent Document 2 discloses a combustion test apparatus that can protect upstream and downstream equipment even when hydrogen leaks in a combustion test chamber and explodes. Here, an explosion reducing device and a burst diffuser are connected to a test chamber having a pressure resistant structure.

  Explosive pressure reduction devices alleviate the instantaneous pressure rise that occurs inside the fire test chamber and inside the duct. The burst diffuser protects piping and equipment by rupturing when the pressure inside the piping rises and releasing the pressure to the atmosphere. The burst diffuser is sealed in the exhaust gas diffusion chamber. When the burst diffuser bursts, the exhaust gas diffusion chamber is filled with exhaust gas, and is discharged directly from the exhaust gas diffusion chamber into the atmosphere.

International Publication No. 2006/088021 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-171090

  Both Patent Documents 1 and 2 have an exhaust gas treatment unit that removes harmful components from exhaust gas generated when performing a combustion test. Consideration is also given to cases where explosions occur during the combustion test. However, although the treatment for the blast pressure at the time of the explosion is considered, the dust and exhaust gas generated at the time of the explosion are released into the atmosphere as they are.

  With such a configuration, it can be said that when an explosion occurs, harmful components are released into the atmosphere as they are, and the environmental load increases. Moreover, by releasing harmful components, such a test apparatus cannot be installed in an urban area or its suburbs.

  Since the blast is a gas flow with a very high wind speed, it is not easy to filter out dust and harmful components in the blast with a filter or the like. As another method, it is conceivable to provide a so-called water filter that allows exhaust gas containing dust after combustion to pass through the water. However, it is still not easy to remove harmful components from a blast that passes through water instantaneously.

  In addition, if an attempt is made to lengthen the passage time of the blast underwater, a large amount of water is retained in the exhaust gas duct. Such a state is a great flow resistance for the exhaust gas when not exploding. In addition, when the flow resistance increases, the blast loses its escape and puts great pressure on the inner wall of the duct connected to it from the combustion chamber.

  The present invention has been conceived in view of the above-described problems, and even if an explosion occurs during a combustion test, a combustion test apparatus capable of processing exhaust gas and dust generated by the explosion as they are without being released to the atmosphere. It is about.

More specifically, the combustion test apparatus according to the present invention is:
A combustion test chamber;
An exhaust gas treatment device for treating exhaust gas generated in the combustion test chamber;
A combustion test apparatus having an exhaust gas emission prevention device provided between the combustion test chamber and the exhaust gas treatment apparatus,
The exhaust gas emission preventing device is
A chamber;
A duct extending from the combustion test chamber through the chamber and extending to the exhaust gas treatment device,
The duct is provided with a diffusion port covered with a diffusion plate in the chamber, and the chamber is provided with a vent.
The internal volume is larger than the gas that breaks the diffuser plate and blows into the chamber due to the explosion in the combustion test chamber.

  In the combustion test apparatus according to the present invention, the volume of the chamber adjacent to the combustion test chamber is larger than the increase in the volume of the indoor gas generated by the explosion in the combustion test chamber. All the gas ejected from the mouth can be trapped in the chamber. Therefore, the exhaust gas and dust containing harmful components generated by the explosion are not directly released into the atmosphere.

  In addition, the combustion test apparatus according to the present invention is provided with a space corresponding to the volume increase of the gas in the combustion test chamber generated by the explosion in advance, and therefore does not contain the blast pressure with the strength of the container. Therefore, a particularly excessive structural strength is not required for the configuration of the combustion test chamber, the duct, and the chamber. Construction cost is also low.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the combustion test apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is an enlarged view of a chamber part. It is a figure explaining the mode in the chamber at the time of explosion having occurred in the combustion test chamber. It is a figure explaining the mode in the chamber after an explosion. It is a figure explaining a mode that exhaust gas in a chamber is discharged. It is a figure which shows other embodiment of the diffusion port in a chamber.

  The configuration of the combustion test apparatus according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The following description exemplifies an embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment. The following embodiments can be modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows the configuration of a combustion test apparatus 1 according to the present invention. The combustion test apparatus 1 according to the present invention includes a combustion test chamber 10, an exhaust gas emission prevention device 20, and an exhaust gas treatment device 30.

  The combustion test chamber 10 performs a combustion test on the combustion object 8. The combustion test chamber 10 has a supply port 11 for supplying combustion gas (for example, air) and an exhaust port 12 for discharging exhaust gas generated as a result of combustion. Further, the combustion test chamber 10 may be provided with an ignition device 15 that ignites the pressure sensor 13, the thermometer 14, and the combustion object 8.

  Further, a measuring / analyzing device 16 for sampling and measuring or analyzing exhaust gas generated by combustion is provided. In addition, the pressure sensor 13, the thermometer 14, and the measurement / analysis device 16 show only the sensor portion. Although illustration is omitted, it goes without saying that the main body of the measuring instrument is arranged after the sensor portion. As already described, the combustion object 8 includes products such as batteries and automobiles, and materials such as fibers and resins, and may be other than these (regardless of gas, liquid, or solid).

  The combustion test chamber 10 is a sealed space except for the supply port 11 and the exhaust port 12. In the combustion test chamber 10, the combustion object 8 may explode. Therefore, the combustion test chamber 10 itself has a pressure resistance enough to withstand the pressure change during the explosion. Further, a pressure-resistant observation window 10w may be provided so that the combustion state inside can be visually confirmed.

  The supply port 11 is provided with a check valve 11a that closes with pressure. The structure of the check valve 11a is not particularly limited. However, when an explosion occurs in the combustion test chamber 10, the supply port 11 is closed so that the pressure at the time of the explosion does not reach the ventilation means 11b that sends air to the supply port 11. The ventilation means 11 b supplies air consumed in the combustion test chamber 10. It can be suitably configured by a cylinder, a blower and piping. The combustion of the combustion object 8 is continued by the air supplied from the ventilation means 11b.

  The supply port 11 is preferably provided in a portion (or floor surface) close to the floor of the combustion test chamber 10. This is because by making an air flow from the lower side (supply port 11) to the upper side (exhaust port 12), the combustion is continued and light exhaust gas generated by the combustion is easily discharged from the exhaust port 12.

  The exhaust port 12 is provided on the ceiling surface of the combustion test chamber 10. This is because the exhaust gas has a high temperature and rises upward. The ignition device 15 is not particularly limited. For example, it may be like a lighter.

  A duct 21 is connected to the exhaust port 12 of the combustion test chamber 10. A chamber 22 is installed adjacent to the combustion test chamber 10. The duct 21 extends from the combustion test chamber 10 to the exhaust gas treatment device 30. Meanwhile, the duct 21 is inserted into the chamber 22 from the top surface of the chamber 22, and goes out of the chamber 22 from the side surface of the chamber 22.

  FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the chamber 22. The duct 21 enters the chamber 22 through an inlet 22 a above the chamber 22, and exits from the chamber 22 through an outlet 22 b on the side surface provided at the same height as the inlet 32 i of the dust collector 32 of the exhaust gas treatment device 30 at the subsequent stage. Therefore, at least the duct 21 has one or more bent portions 21 e in the chamber 22. Here, the bent portion 21e refers to a portion where the duct 21 changes the arrangement direction by 90 degrees or more.

  Since the duct 21 is inserted from the upper part of the chamber 22 and appears outside the chamber 22 from the side surface, the duct 21 has the bent portion 21e at least once. In the present specification, description will be given in the case where there is one bent portion 21e. Of course, there is no restriction on the number of bent portions 21e.

  The outlet 22b on the side surface of the chamber 22 is preferably provided at the same height as the inlet 32i of the subsequent dust collector 32, and the shape of the duct 21 from the chamber 22 to the dust collector 32 is preferably linear. This is because the duct 21 can be shortened by making it straight, and as a result, low pressure loss, space saving, and low cost can be realized.

  The duct 21 is provided with a diffusion port 21 c in the chamber 22. The diffusion port 21 c is an opening provided for releasing a blast generated by the explosion generated in the combustion test chamber 10 into the chamber 22. The diffusion port 21c is normally covered with a diffusion plate 21d. The diffuser plate 21d is broken by a pressure of about 10 kPa, for example, to open the diffuser port 21c. The diffusion port 21 c is provided in the upper part in the chamber 22. Further, a plurality of diffusion ports 21c provided with the diffusion plate 21d may be provided.

  The bent portion 21e of the duct 21 is provided in the immediate downstream side (exhaust gas treatment apparatus 30 side) from the diffusion port 21c. At the bent portion 21e, the blast generates a large flow resistance. Therefore, the internal pressure of the duct 21 at the diffusion port 21c is likely to increase.

  The chamber 22 is provided with an inlet 22 a into which the duct 21 is inserted and an outlet 22 b through which the duct 21 goes out of the chamber 22. These inlets 22 a and outlets 22 b are kept in a sealed state between the duct 21.

  The chamber 22 is provided with a vent 22c on the lower side surface. The vent 22 c is an opening provided in the chamber 22. The vent 22c may be provided with a gallery 22d. The gallery 22d has a plurality of long plate-like wings attached in parallel across the width direction of the vent 22c. Further, the louver 22d may be a damper for adjusting the air volume. By using the damper, the ratio of the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber and the outside air suction amount can be adjusted by adjusting the air volume of the damper after the explosion. As a result, the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber can be exhausted quickly.

  Further, a guide duct 23 having an opening 23a directed upward may be connected to the vent 22c. The guide duct 23 is provided to allow the flow of air discharged from the vent 22c to flow upward. When the guide duct 23 is provided, the guide duct 23 may be provided with a louver or an air volume adjusting damper 23d that also serves as a louver. Of course, it is not excluded to separately provide the louver 22d in the vent 22c.

  Even when the guide duct 23 is provided and the air volume adjusting damper 23d is provided in the guide duct 23, it may be said that the louver 22d or the air volume adjusting damper 22d is provided in the vent 22c. Further, it is desirable that the opening 23a of the guide duct 23 is provided with a bird net 23b. This is because small animals such as birds do not enter the chamber 22.

  The chamber 22 has an internal volume larger than the volume increase of the indoor gas caused by the explosion in the combustion test chamber 10. More specifically, the chamber 22 may be said to have a larger internal volume than the gas that breaks the diffusion plate 21d and is released into the chamber 22 when an explosion occurs. This is because even if a blast flows into the chamber 22 from the diffusion port 21c of the duct 21, the exhaust gas generated by the explosion is blown out of the chamber 22 simply by pushing out the air originally in the chamber 22 from the blast discharge port 22b. This is to prevent it from occurring.

  At least the duct 21 disposed inside the chamber 22, the diffusion port 21 c provided in the duct 21, the diffusion plate 21 d attached to the diffusion port 21 c, and the chamber 22 constitute the exhaust gas emission preventing device 20.

  Referring to FIG. 1 again, the exhaust gas treatment device 30 is a device for removing harmful components from the exhaust gas produced by combustion in the combustion test chamber 10. The exhaust gas treatment device 30 may combine the treatment devices according to the components of the exhaust gas generated by combustion. Here, the configuration of the dust collector 32, the exhaust fan 33, the scrubber 34, the adsorption tower 35, and the exhaust projection 36 is illustrated.

  The dust collector 32 removes dust in the exhaust gas, and may be configured by combining a multi-cyclone, a filter, and the like. The exhaust fan 33 sends the exhaust gas from which dust is removed by the dust collector 32 to the rear. The scrubber 34 allows the exhaust gas to pass through the liquid phase and traps harmful components in the exhaust gas in the liquid phase. Water is usually used for the liquid phase. Accordingly, the water-soluble component in the exhaust gas is dissolved in the liquid phase of the scrubber 34. Note that the liquid phase in which the water-soluble component (acid gas) of the exhaust gas is dissolved is preferably stored in the drainage storage tank 37 and subjected to a separate disposal process.

  An adsorption tower 35 is disposed downstream of the scrubber 34. The adsorption tower 35 has a porous material such as activated carbon inside. The exhaust gas that has passed through the scrubber 34 further passes through the adsorption tower 35 to deodorize the exhaust gas.

  That is, dust, acid gas, and odor components are removed from the exhaust gas by the dust collector 32, the scrubber 34, and the adsorption tower 35. The exhaust gas thus treated is returned to the atmosphere from the exhaust projection 36.

  Operation | movement of the combustion test apparatus 1 which has the above structure is demonstrated. A combustion object 8 is set in the combustion test chamber 10.

  When the combustion object 8 is set in the combustion test chamber 10, the combustion object 8 is ignited using the ignition device 15. While the combustion object 8 is burning, the combustion state of the combustion object 8 in the combustion test chamber 10 is visually observed from the observation window 10w. The exhaust gas generated by the combustion is exhausted from the exhaust port 12 of the combustion test chamber 10 toward the duct 21.

  The duct 21 extends from the upper part of the combustion test chamber 10 to the upper part of the chamber 22 adjacent to the combustion test chamber 10. The duct 21 is inserted into the chamber 22 from above the chamber 22. Inside the chamber 22, the duct 21 is provided with a bent portion 21e at least once. Here, the case where there exists one bending part 21e is shown. The duct 21 exits the chamber 22 from the side surface of the chamber 22. The duct 21 communicates with the exhaust gas treatment device 30.

  Therefore, the exhaust gas generated in the combustion test chamber 10 passes through the chamber 22 from the upper part of the combustion test chamber 10, and is guided to the exhaust gas treatment device 30 from the side surface of the chamber 22 by the duct 21.

  The exhaust fan 33 sucks the exhaust gas in the duct 21 into the exhaust gas treatment device 30 ahead of the duct 21. Therefore, the exhaust gas flows in the duct 21 toward the exhaust gas treatment device 30. In the exhaust gas treatment device 30, the exhaust gas passes through the dust collector 32. By passing through the dust collector 32, the dust in the exhaust gas is removed.

  The exhaust gas from which the dust has been removed is blown to the scrubber 34 by the exhaust fan 33. By passing through the scrubber 34, water-soluble acidic components are removed from the exhaust gas. Further, the odor component is removed by the adsorption tower 35 subsequent to the scrubber 34. The exhaust gas from which harmful components have been removed in this manner is discharged from the exhaust projection 36 into the atmosphere.

  In this way, the exhaust gas generated in the combustion test chamber 10 removes harmful components and is released into the atmosphere.

  Next, a case where an explosion occurs in the combustion test chamber 10 will be described. Normally, the combustion object 8 burns but may explode.

  When an explosion occurs in the combustion test chamber 10, the check valve 11a of the supply port 11 is closed by the explosion pressure. Thereby, the ventilation means 11b can avoid the damage by an explosion pressure.

  Explosive pressure travels through duct 21 from exhaust port 12 at the top of combustion test chamber 10. This pressure increase in the duct 21 is also applied to the diffusion port 21 c of the duct 21 located in the upper part of the chamber 22. In particular, a bent portion 21e is provided immediately downstream of the diffusion port 21c. In the bent portion 21e, the gas flow resistance increases. Therefore, the diffusion port 21c is attached to a place where the gas flow resistance becomes high.

  The diffusion port 21c is covered with a diffusion plate 21d. The diffusion plate 21d is manufactured with a pressure resistance enough to be ruptured by a predetermined pressure (for example, a pressure of about 10 kPa). Therefore, exhaust gas (blast) breaks the diffusion plate 21 d and is released into the chamber 22.

  FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the chamber 22 when an explosion occurs. The pressure increased in the duct 21 breaks the diffusion plate 21 d, and the exhaust gas is released into the chamber 22. The exhaust gas discharged into the chamber 22 pushes the air originally in the chamber 22 downward (white arrow). Then, the air originally in the chamber 22 is pushed out from the vent 22 c provided on the lower side surface of the chamber 22.

  Further, a guide duct 23 may be connected to the vent hole 22c. The opening of the guide duct 23 is provided upward. Therefore, the blast blown from the vent 22c is blown upward and is not blown toward a person who performs work around the vent 22c.

  The chamber 22 is made larger than the entire volume of exhaust gas generated by this explosion. More specifically, it has a capacity larger than the volume of the exhaust gas discharged from the diffusion port 21c by explosion. Therefore, the air originally in the chamber 22 is pushed out from the vent 22c of the chamber 22 and no exhaust gas is ejected.

  That is, even if an explosion occurs in the combustion test chamber 10, the exhaust gas generated thereby can be captured in the chamber 22 without being released into the atmosphere as it is. FIG. 3 shows that the exhaust gas generated by the explosion spreads in the chamber 22 to the position of the dotted line 50.

  Since the operation of the exhaust fan 33 continues even if an explosion occurs, after the volume increase in the combustion test chamber 10 ends and the atmospheric pressure in the combustion test chamber 10 returns to atmospheric pressure, as shown in FIG. On the contrary, the exhaust gas discharged from the diffusion port 21c is sucked into the diffusion port 21c. Accordingly, outside air is sucked into the chamber 22 through the vent 22c.

  Thus, the exhaust gas ejected from the diffusion port 21 c can be sucked without being discharged out of the chamber 22. If this state is maintained after the explosion, the outside air enters the chamber 22, and the exhaust gas is exhausted from the diffusion port 21c to the duct 21. That is, the exhaust gas in the chamber 22 is replaced with outside air.

  In the state where the diffuser plate 21d is still torn, the ventilation air volume in the combustion test chamber 10 is reduced even if the operation of the exhaust fan 33 is continued. This is because the amount of outside air suction from the diffusion port 21c is large. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, it adjusts so that opening of the vent 22c may be restrict | squeezed. This can be easily performed if the louver 22d is an air volume adjusting damper. Further, if the air volume adjusting damper 23d is provided in the guide duct 23, it can be easily performed in the same manner.

  By doing in this way, the ratio adjustment of the suction | attraction amount of the waste gas in the combustion test chamber 10 and external air can be performed. As a result, the exhaust amount in the combustion test chamber 10 can be recovered, and the ventilation is kept good. Accordingly, the combustion test chamber 10 is quickly exhausted.

  As described above, the combustion test apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes the chamber 22 having a volume larger than that of the exhaust gas generated by the explosion generated in the combustion test chamber 10, so that the exhaust gas generated by the explosion can be directly used in the atmosphere. Can be captured without being released.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of the chamber 22 portion of the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, the diffusion port 21c is formed to have an upward inclination angle. The upward inclination angle is sufficient if the diffusion port 21c has an angle θ upward in the gravitational direction with respect to the horizontal.

  When the diffusion port 21c has an upward inclination angle, a blast at the time of explosion is emitted toward the ceiling of the chamber 22. In this way, the air present in the ceiling portion of the chamber 22 can also be expelled from the chamber 22. In this way, the amount of exhaust gas that can be accumulated in the chamber 22 can be increased, and the volume in the chamber 22 can be used effectively.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be widely used for combustion tests of combustible materials such as batteries, electrical appliances, and automobiles, and combustible materials such as fibers and resins. In particular, even if an explosion occurs during a combustion test, harmful components such as dust and exhaust gas are not released into the atmosphere as they are, so that they can be installed near residential areas such as suburbs of cities.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combustion test apparatus 8 Combustion target object 10 Combustion test chamber 10w Peep window 11 Supply port 11a Check valve 11b Ventilation means 12 Exhaust port 13 Pressure sensor 14 Thermometer 15 Ignition device 16 Measurement / analytical instrument 20 Exhaust gas emission prevention device 21 Duct 21c Radiating port 21d Radiating plate 21e Bent part 22 Chamber 22a Inlet 22b Outlet 22c Vent 22d Glassy (air volume adjusting damper)
23 Guide duct 23a Opening 23b Bird net 23d Airflow adjustment damper 30 Exhaust gas treatment device 32 Dust collector 32i (Dust collector 32) inlet 33 Exhaust fan 34 Scrubber 35 Adsorption tower 36 Dump 37 Drainage storage tank 50 The blast spread in the chamber position

Claims (7)

A combustion test chamber;
An exhaust gas treatment device for treating exhaust gas generated in the combustion test chamber;
A combustion test apparatus having an exhaust gas emission prevention device provided between the combustion test chamber and the exhaust gas treatment apparatus,
The exhaust gas emission preventing device is
A chamber;
A duct extending from the combustion test chamber through the chamber and extending to the exhaust gas treatment device,
The duct is provided with a diffusion port covered with a diffusion plate in the chamber, and the chamber is provided with a vent.
A combustion test apparatus characterized in that an internal volume is larger than a gas which breaks the diffusion plate and is ejected into the chamber due to an explosion in the combustion test chamber. The duct is
Extended from the upper part of the combustion test chamber, inserted into the chamber from the upper part of the chamber, protruded from the side of the chamber, extended to the exhaust gas treatment device,
The combustion test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the diffusion port is provided in an upper portion of the chamber, and the vent is provided in a side surface of the lower portion of the chamber.   The combustion test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a guide duct that opens upward is disposed in the vent hole.   The combustion test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least one of a louver or an air volume adjusting damper is provided in the vent hole.   The combustion test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the duct has a bent portion at least once in a position below the diffusion plate in the chamber.   The check port according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a check valve that closes by an explosion in the combustion test chamber is provided at a supply port of the combustion gas (air) to the combustion test chamber. The combustion test apparatus described in 1.   The combustion test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the diffusion port has an upward inclination angle.