JP2017066742A - Daylighting system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a daylighting system which includes a daylighting mechanism such as a blind and a lighting control mechanism such as a curtain, which is excellent in optical transparency and light diffusion property, and which can smoothly change indoor brightness.SOLUTION: A daylighting system for being installed in a window includes a daylighting system that can adjust the quantity of passing light by changing an angle and/or a position of a member, and a lighting control mechanism that is a fabric or sheet-like member having a daylighting diffusion value of 0.04 or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a daylighting system installed on a window of a building such as a house or a building.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, blinds are frequently used for adjusting the amount of light that enters a room through a window, and in particular, blinds are often provided in office windows. The blind is a mechanism that adjusts the amount of light according to the tilt of the slats, so when you want to take in a lot of light indoors, you can not get the occlusion, but conversely when you want to limit the amount of light, you can not get the transparency . In addition, light hits a specific part of the room depending on the angle of the slat, the whole room does not become bright, and the light taken in between the slats also includes direct light, so it may feel dazzling .

  Patent Document 1 proposes that the amount of light from between the slats is adjusted while limiting the transparency by combining a blind and a thin curtain. The blind of Patent Document 1 is obtained by attaching a curtain raw cloth so as to sandwich the slat of the blind from the front and rear, and can raise and lower the slat and raise and lower the curtain raw cloth simultaneously. However, when an ordinary thin curtain and a blind are used in combination, although the degree of occlusion is provided to some extent, the incident light to the room is limited, so that the room brightness may be insufficient. In addition, in the configuration in which the curtain and the blind are integrated, it is not possible to use only the curtain, and it is not possible to adjust the direct light that is inserted through the gap between the adjacent blinds.

  Patent Document 2 is a daylighting system that combines a blind and another configuration, and is attached to a sheet-like light control member provided in an upper portion of an opening (window) and the inside (indoor side). A combination with a blind is disclosed. In the invention of Patent Document 2, the light control member disposed in the upper portion of the window changes the traveling direction of the incident light upward, and implements sufficient daylighting while preventing glare. However, in the lower part of the window of the daylighting system of Patent Document 2, there is no difference from a window provided with only a blind.

  Further, in Patent Document 3, light diffusing particles having a size that causes Mie scattering or geometric optical scattering is fixed to one surface of a screen made of slats of a Venetian blind or a translucent resin sheet, and the light is thereby emitted. It is disclosed that light diffuses and glare is softened so that external light reaches all sides of the room. The size of the light diffusing particles is preferably 1 μm or more, and it is disclosed that known resin particles such as acrylic particles and styrene particles, and inorganic particles such as silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide are preferably used. However, the blind of Patent Document 3 cannot diffuse the incident light directly incident from the slat interval, and it cannot be said that the blind alone has a sufficient function.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-20885 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-1083 JP 2013-2224 A

  As described above, in daylighting from a window with a blind attached, there is little localization of indoor brightness while ensuring sufficient brightness, and a sufficient daylighting system that allows light to reach the back of the room is known. It wasn't. In view of this situation, the present invention provides a daylighting system including a daylighting mechanism such as a blind, which is excellent in light permeability and diffusibility, and can smoothly change the brightness of the room. Objective.

In general, it is known that when the intensity of light and darkness is too strong within the same visual interface, it is very difficult to see a dark place. Applicant adopts brightness as an index of brightness, and if the intensity ratio (brightness ratio) of brightness in a specific plane in a model room equipped with a daylighting system exceeds 10, the brightness distribution will be greatly uncomfortable. I found.
On the other hand, the applicant has already established a method for accurately evaluating light permeability and diffusibility in a fabric (Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-166342). In this method, the lighting value (indicating the degree of transmission of light through the fabric) and the diffusion value (indicating the degree of diffusion of light transmitted through the textile) are measured and calculated for the fabric, and the lighting value and diffusion value are calculated. The multiplied value is evaluated as the daylighting diffusion value.

  As a result of further study, the applicant has found that the daylight diffusion value of the fabric correlates with the luminance ratio obtained by the daylighting system combining the fabric and the blind, and further, the daylight diffusion value is greater than a specific value. It has been found that the luminance ratio does not exceed 10 according to the daylighting system combining the fabric and the blind. According to such a daylighting system, it is possible to bring the brightness to the interior of the room with little localization of the brightness (brightness) of the room, and also to smooth the brightness of the room according to the angle of the blind. As a result, the present invention was completed.

  That is, the present invention is a daylighting system installed in a window, and a daylighting mechanism capable of adjusting the amount of light passing by displacing the angle and / or position of a member; And a dimming mechanism that is a fabric or sheet-like member of 04 or more.

  In the daylighting system, it is preferable that the dimming mechanism is provided on the indoor side of the daylighting mechanism.

  In the daylighting system of the present invention, the daylighting mechanism is more preferably a blind, and the light adjustment mechanism is more preferably a curtain or a shade.

  The dimming mechanism includes 20% or more of a yarn having an inorganic oxide content of 0.8% by weight or less and a twist number of 300 T / m or less, a cover factor of 1000 or more, and the yarn is a woven fabric. More preferably, the curtain or shade is made of a woven fabric oriented in parallel in the plane direction.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that irregularities having a size of 0.1 to 7 μm are provided on the surface of the fabric.

  The cross section of the yarn having the inorganic oxide content in the woven fabric of 0.8 wt% or less and the twist number of 300 T / m or less is more preferably a flat cross section or a circular cross section.

  According to the daylighting system of the present invention, it is excellent in light transmittance and diffusibility, and can smoothly change the brightness of the room, so that it is possible to equalize the brightness distribution in the room and realize a comfortable space. it can. Further, the brightness of the room can be changed smoothly by simply adjusting the angle and position of the daylighting mechanism, and the room can always be kept at an appropriate brightness.

1 shows a schematic configuration of a permeability and diffusivity evaluation system. A is a side view and B is a plan view. It is a front view of the housing | casing with which the permeability | transmittance / diffusivity evaluation system of FIG. 1 was equipped. It is a figure for demonstrating the example which calculates a lighting value. It is a figure for demonstrating the example which prescribes | regulates a diffusion value. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the model room used for examination of this invention. It is a figure which shows the position of the illumination used for examination of this invention. It is a figure which shows the correlation of a luminance ratio and a sensory evaluation value.

(Lighting system)
The daylighting system of the present invention is installed in a building window. Specifically, the window includes an office space window (opening), a public space window (opening), a window of a general residence, and the like. Can be mentioned. The window is preferably a highly daylighting window using transparent glass or a transparent material, but may be a window whose daylighting is limited by frosted glass or the like.

  The daylighting mechanism used in the daylighting system of the present invention adjusts the amount of light passing by displacing the angle and / or position of a member. Specifically, a venetian blind, a vertical blind, and a wooden blind are used. Such as blinds, louvers, movable shutters and the like are not particularly limited. The daylighting mechanism may be installed on the outer side (outdoor side) of the window or on the inner side (indoor side).

  The dimming mechanism used in the daylighting system of the present invention is a fabric or sheet-like member having a daylighting diffusion value (detailed later) of 0.04 or more. Examples of the fabric include woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, and combinations thereof. It is done. Examples of the sheet-like member include a sheet and a film, and examples thereof include a synthetic resin sheet (film) and a film having a multilayer thin film generally referred to as an optical film.

  Since the dimming mechanism has a function of diffusing the light taken into the room by the daylighting mechanism, the dimming mechanism is preferably provided on the indoor side of the daylighting mechanism. For example, the lighting mechanism is a blind, and the lighting control mechanism is a louver that is attached to the outside of the window or a combination that is a curtain or shade that is attached to the indoor side, and the lighting control mechanism is attached to the window glass. The combination etc. which are films are mentioned. When the dimming mechanism is a curtain, the type is not particularly limited, and may be any one of 1-fold fold, 1.5-fold fold, 2-fold fold, etc. In order to fill, it is typically a thin curtain (lace curtain or voile curtain).

As a curtain or shade having a daylight diffusion value of 0.04 or more, specifically, the fabric constituting the curtain or shade has an inorganic oxide content of 0.8% by weight or less and a twist number of 300 T / m. The following yarns are preferably contained in an amount of 20% or more based on the woven fabric.
Inorganic oxides are matting agents used in synthetic resin fibers, and examples include titanium dioxide. In general, a super bright yarn having an inorganic oxide content of substantially 0, a bright yarn having a content of 0.2% by weight or less, a bright yarn, a semi-dal yarn having a content of 0.2% to 0.8% by weight, A thread exceeding 0.8% by weight is also referred to as a dull yarn, and a thread exceeding 1% by weight is also referred to as a full dull thread. Speaking of the content of the inorganic oxide, it is preferably 0.8% by weight or less, more preferably 0.5% by weight or less, further preferably 0.2% by weight or less, and 0.05% by weight or less to about 0. Most preferably it is.

  The yarn is a so-called sweet-twisted yarn or untwisted yarn having a twist number of 300 T / m or less, more preferably 200 T / m or less, and 100 T / m or less or untwisted yarn. More preferably. Yarns having a twist number of 300 T / m or less are considered to have high light transmission properties because they tend to be loose in the woven fabric, that is, they are easily aligned in parallel without being entangled with each other in the woven fabric. On the other hand, when a yarn having a twist number exceeding 300 T / m is used, the individual fibers constituting the yarn are difficult to disperse, and the amount of light diffused through the yarn is reduced, while the gap between the yarn and the yarn is small. Therefore, the amount of light that is directly transmitted without being diffused increases, and as a result, the diffusibility of transmitted light decreases, which is not preferable.

  The yarn is PET, but any fiber such as polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, and acrylic can be used and is not particularly limited.

  The fabric constituting the curtain or shade used in the present invention preferably contains 20% or more of the above-mentioned yarn with respect to the total weight of the fabric. Although it will not be restrict | limited especially if it is 20% or more, It is more preferable if it contains 30% or more, and it is still more preferable if it is 40% or more. The above-described yarns may be used as warp yarns or weft yarns, but are preferably used as weft yarns in order to weave these yarns so that they are oriented in parallel with as little crossing as possible.

  As yarns other than the above contained in the woven fabric, known fibers such as polyester, acrylic, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon (polyamide fiber), cotton, hemp, rayon, silk, wool can be appropriately selected and used. Although not particularly limited, PET is more preferable from the viewpoints of flameproofness and washability. In the woven fabric of the present invention, from the viewpoint of daylighting, the hue of the yarn is preferably a light-colored hue, more preferably undyed or white.

Further, the woven fabric has a cover factor of 1000 or more. The cover factor is a value calculated by the following equation.
[Formula 1]

  A cover factor of 1000 or more is preferable because diffusibility is improved. In general, a woven fabric having a low cover factor is excellent in light transmittance. However, when the cover factor is less than 1000, although the transmittance is excellent, the diffusibility is low, and a desired daylighting diffusibility cannot be obtained.

  The woven fabric is preferably provided with irregularities having a size of 0.1 to 7 μm on the surface of the woven fabric. The unevenness is more preferably 0.2 to 1 μm. As for the irregularities having a size of 0.1 to 7 μm, the specific configuration is particularly suitable if a large number of irregularities of this size are formed so as to be distributed over substantially the entire surface and / or back surface of the fabric. Not limited. For example, it may be a particle having a diameter of 0.1 to 7 μm, a protrusion having a diameter of 0.1 to 7 μm, or a pleat having a width and depth of 0.1 to 7 μm provided on the surface of the yarn. Good.

In the case of 0.1 to 7 μm particles, it may be organic particles or inorganic particles, and the presence or absence of permeability is not limited, but it is preferable to have permeability. For example, metals, metal oxides, silica, ceramics, glass, inorganic salts, organic salts, resin fine particles and the like can be mentioned. These particles can be applied by post-processing after forming a woven fabric, or a yarn having particles previously applied to the surface can be used for weaving. When the particles are applied to the surface of the fabric, the applied amount of the particles can be 0.01 to 0.5 g / m ² , for example, 0.07 to 0.14 g / m of 0.37 μm silica fine particles. ^By giving it at ² , good results have been obtained.

  In the case where the unevenness is a protrusion of 0.1 to 7 μm, the protrusion may be, for example, a protrusion made of a concave portion and a convex portion processed on the surface of the fabric, and any means for forming the protrusion may be used. It can be formed by sandblasting. That is, this protrusion includes not only a spherical, columnar, or cone-shaped protrusion, but also a protrusion formed in a fixed shape or an indefinite shape.

  When the unevenness is a pleat having a width or depth of 0.1 to 7 μm, the crease is, for example, a groove or a ridge in the filament length direction provided in each filament of a fiber constituting the woven fabric. Also good. That is, as a fiber constituting the woven fabric, a modified cross-section fiber having a cross section with a groove or a raised portion may be used, or a groove may be formed by embossing, shearing, raising, weight reduction processing, or the like.

As a woven fabric having irregularities of 0.1 to 7 μm in size on the surface, specifically, for example, 100% of a flat cross-section multifilament yarn super bright (fineness 84 dtex) without adding a matting agent as a weft A 100% polyester fabric (cover factor 2000) using a circular cross-section multifilament yarn semi-dal (fineness: 84 dtex, twist number: 1000 T / m) as warp is used to give amorphous silica having an average particle size of 0.37 μm. A woven fabric having a fixed amount of 0.067 g / m ² may be mentioned. The daylight diffusion value of this fabric is 0.056, which can be suitably used in the daylighting system of the present invention. Further, a similar woven fabric having an amorphous silica fixing amount of 0.133 g / m ² has a lighting diffusion value of 0.055 and can be suitably used in the lighting system of the present invention.

  The yarn constituting the woven fabric may be a filament yarn or a spun yarn, but is preferably a filament yarn. When it is a filament yarn, it may be a multifilament yarn or a monofilament yarn. Further, the cross-sectional shape is not limited and may be a flat cross section or a circular cross section, but the flat cross section is preferred. For example, a multifilament yarn having a flat cross section and a monofilament yarn having a circular cross section can be preferably used.

  The yarn having a flat cross-sectional shape refers to a yarn having a long side and a short side having different lengths in the cross section, such as an elliptical shape, a substantially elliptical shape, or a constricted elliptical shape. Specific examples include Waveron (manufactured by Teijin Fibers Limited, registered trademark), Belsquare (registered trademark by KB Seiren), and the like. The total fineness of the filament is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 350 dtex, more preferably 20 to 200 dtex.

  The yarn having a flat cross-sectional shape is preferably a woven fabric in which the flat surface of the cross section of the yarn is oriented in the surface direction of the woven fabric. When the flat surface of the yarn is oriented on the fabric surface, the permeability is improved, and the fine gap generated between the fibers constituting the fabric is reduced, which contributes to the improvement of the diffusibility. It is considered.

  The yarn is preferably oriented in parallel in the surface direction in the woven fabric. “Oriented in parallel in the plane direction” means that the yarns used for warp or weft are woven in a state of being aligned in a line without being entangled with each other. The yarns aligned in a line may be arranged in a single layer in the thickness direction of the woven fabric, or may be arranged in parallel with each other in a state of being stacked in multiple layers. For example, when monofilament yarn having a circular cross-sectional shape is used, the monofilament yarns are preferably arranged without being entangled while overlapping in about 2 to 4 layers.

  When the yarn is a multifilament yarn, the number of twists is limited to 300 T / m or less, so that the single fibers constituting the multifilament yarn are woven in a state of being aligned in a line without overlapping each other. It becomes possible. In addition, when the yarn is a monofilament yarn, the monofilaments may be woven one by one, or may be woven one by one in the same mouth, or a plurality of yarns may be woven together at the same time. But it ’s okay.

  As long as the woven fabric has the above-described configuration and effects, functional yarns (for example, deodorant yarns, flame-retardant yarns) even if various functional processings (for example, antibacterial processing, antifouling processing, flameproofing processing, etc.) are performed. Etc.) may be woven and is not particularly limited.

(Evaluation of daylight diffusion value)
The following system is used for measurement, calculation, and evaluation of the daylighting diffusion values (lighting values and diffusion values) referred to in the present invention.
Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the evaluation system includes a housing 1 and a light source 2 accommodated in the housing 1. The housing 1 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a rectangular opening 11 is formed at the center of one side face 10 (see FIG. 2). The entire inner wall of the housing 1 is black, and the light emitted from the light source 2 is prevented from being reflected in the housing 1 as much as possible. This is performed, for example, by applying a matte black paint to the inner wall of the housing 1 or attaching black paper.

  The light source 2 emits visible light. The light source 2 is, for example, an LED, a fluorescent lamp, an incandescent lamp, an HID, or the like. The shape of the light source 2, power consumption, wavelength, presence / absence of directivity, monochromatic light or white light are not questioned. Typically, the light source 2 is disposed in the housing 1 so that its emission optical axis 20 is orthogonal to the side surface 10 and passes through the center of the opening 11, and irradiates light toward the entire opening 11.

The evaluation system includes a holding unit 4 that holds the fabric 3 on the side surface 10 of the housing 1 so that the opening 11 is covered with the fabric 3 that is a test object. The holding | maintenance part 4 is each arrange | positioned in the position above the opening 11 of the side surface 10, and the position below as FIG. The holding unit 4 holds the fabric 3 vertically by gripping the upper and lower ends of the fabric 3. The holding unit 4 is, for example, a magnet or a clip. When the fabric 3 is held by the holding unit 4, the light emitted from the light source 2 is applied to the fabric 3 with the size of the opening 11 from one side of the fabric 3 and is transmitted to the other side of the fabric 3.
With such a configuration, a situation is created in which light is inserted into a window, irradiated onto a curtain, a screen, and the like and transmitted therethrough.

  In the evaluation system, a reference point P is defined in a region where the fabric 3 is held. In the present embodiment, the reference point P is defined on the radiation optical axis 20 of the light source 2. An orthogonal plane (for example, a horizontal plane) including the reference point P on the held fabric 3 and orthogonal to the surface of the fabric 3 is defined. Furthermore, a reference line L extending from the reference point P to the other side (transmission side) of the fabric in the orthogonal plane is defined.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the evaluation system uses the reference point P in the range of −90 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 ° on the orthogonal plane, where θ is the angle between the reference line L and the straight line extending from the reference point P on the orthogonal plane. An illuminance measuring unit 5 that measures the illuminance of light transmitted through the fabric 3 at a plurality of points that are equidistant from each other is provided outside the housing 1.

  The illuminance measurement unit 5 receives light, which is arranged at an angular interval from each other at a distance d from the reference point P in a range of −90 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 ° on an orthogonal plane, and converts it into an electrical signal. The light receiving unit 50 includes a plurality of light receiving units 50 to be converted, and an illuminance calculation unit 51 that calculates the illuminance of light based on an electrical signal from the light receiving unit 50. With this configuration, the illuminance measuring unit 5 can measure the illuminance of the transmitted light at a plurality of points at an equal distance d from the reference point P on the orthogonal plane.

  In the evaluation system shown in FIG. 1B, from the viewpoint of symmetry, the plurality of light receiving units 50 are provided only over a range of 0 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 °, but the reference line L is the radiated optical axis. In some cases, the light source 2 is arranged so as not to be on the top 20, and in such a case, the plurality of light receiving units 50 are preferably provided over a range of −90 ° ≦ θ ≦ 90 °.

  Furthermore, the evaluation system calculates an index value calculation unit 6 that calculates a value serving as an index for evaluating the light transmission and diffusibility of the fabric 3 based on the illuminance at a plurality of points measured by the illuminance measurement unit 5. It has. It should be noted that the illuminance at each point used for calculation may be a value measured only once at that point or an average of values measured a plurality of times at that point.

The index value calculation unit 6 calculates a daylighting value as an index for evaluating the light transmittance of the fabric 3.
The lighting value is obtained by integrating the illuminance measured at a plurality of points with the angle θ as the illuminance integral value, and the illuminance integral value based on the illuminance in the state where the fabric 3 is present is converted into the illuminance in the blank state where the fabric 3 is absent. It is defined as the value divided by the integrated illuminance value.

  Therefore, the index value calculation unit 6 uses the illuminance at each point measured by the illuminance measurement unit 5 in the state where the fabric 3 is present to calculate the illuminance integrated value in the state where the fabric 3 is present, and the illuminance in the blank state. Using the illuminance at each point measured by the measurement unit 5, the integrated illuminance value in the blank state is calculated. Then, the index value calculation unit 6 calculates a daylighting value using the calculated two integrated illuminance values.

  As an example, as shown in FIG. 3, on the graph in which the horizontal axis is an angle (θ) and the vertical axis is illuminance (lx), a plurality of measured illuminances are plotted, and a line connecting them is drawn. The integrated illuminance value is obtained by calculating the area between the horizontal axes. That is, the area when the fabric 3 is present and the area when the fabric is blank are respectively calculated, and the daylighting value is calculated from the two calculated areas.

The index value calculation unit 6 also calculates a diffusion value as an index for evaluating the light diffusibility of the fabric 3.
When the reference line L is on the radiation optical axis 20 as in the above embodiment, the diffusion value is the illuminance at one point in the range of 15 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 75 °, or 15 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 75. Either one of the values obtained by statistically processing the illuminance at a plurality of points in the range of ° is the illuminance at one point in the range of 0 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 5 °, or 0 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 5 It is defined as the value obtained by dividing the illuminance at multiple points in the range of ° by one of the statistically processed values. The “value obtained by statistically processing the illuminance at a plurality of points” is the sum of the illuminance at each point, the average of the illuminance at each point, or the like. The same applies to the following.

  The index value calculation unit 6 is defined by using the illuminance at each point in the range of 15 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 75 ° and 0 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 5 ° measured by the illuminance measurement unit 5. Calculate the diffusion value as follows. Typically, the diffusion value is the illuminance at one point in the range of 15 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 75 ° (preferably 35 ° ≦ | θ | ≦ 65 °) as the illuminance at the point of θ = 0 °. Defined and calculated as a divided value.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the light transmitted through the fabric 3 has a range T1 in which both light that has not been transmitted and diffused and light that has been transmitted and diffused reach, and a range T2 in which only the light that has been transmitted and diffused reaches. It can be divided into two ranges. Therefore, either the illuminance at one point in the range T2 or the value obtained by statistically processing the illuminance at a plurality of points in the range T2 is used as the diffusion value, or the illuminance at one point in the range T1 or the range T1. It is defined as the value obtained by dividing the illuminance at a plurality of points by one of the statistically processed values.

  The index value calculation unit 6 also calculates a daylighting diffusion value as an index for simultaneously evaluating transparency and diffusivity. The daylighting diffusion value is defined as a value obtained by multiplying the daylighting value and the diffusion value. Therefore, the index value calculation unit 6 calculates the daylighting diffusion value using the calculated daylighting value and the diffusion value. It has been found that permeability and diffusivity are basically in a trade-off relationship. That is, the daylighting diffusion value, which is the product of the daylighting value and the diffusion value, serves as an index indicating compatibility between transparency and diffusibility.

  The cloth or sheet-like member used in the lighting system of the present invention preferably has a lighting diffusion value of 0.04 or more. More preferably, it is 0.046 or more, More preferably, it is 0.05 or more. The daylighting diffusion value is a product of the daylighting value and the diffusion value. If the daylighting diffusion value is 0.04 or more, sufficient daylighting property and diffusibility can be achieved. By using a fabric having a daylighting diffusion value of 0.04 or more as a dimming mechanism, it is possible to obtain a comfortable environment with little brightness localization while maintaining sufficient brightness.

[Example]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail based on an Example, this invention is not restrict | limited to a specific Example.
<Measurement and calculation method of daylight diffusion value>
An apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 1A was used as the measurement apparatus. A light source was installed at a position 15 cm from a 9 cm × 9 cm window surface of the measurement device casing, and light was irradiated toward the window surface. In order to make the conditions closer to the actual usage environment, measurement was performed by installing a 3 mm thick float glass inside the window surface of the housing (between the light source and the sample). A 25 W daylight white LED bulb (LEL-SL2N-E17S manufactured by Toshiba) was used as the light source. The illuminance was measured at a distance of 40 cm from the window surface (the side opposite to the light source). The measurement was performed at a total of four points of 15 °, 30 °, and 60 ° in a horizontal plane orthogonal to the sample surface, with the extension of the optical axis irradiated perpendicularly to the sample surface being 0 °. An illuminometer (T-10 manufactured by Minolta) was used for the measurement. The lighting value, diffusion value, and lighting diffusion value were calculated as follows.

(1) Daylighting value The value obtained by integrating the illuminance value from 0 ° to 60 ° and the illuminance from 0 ° to 90 ° with the illuminance at the 90 ° point as 0 lx is taken as the integrated illuminance value, and the sample is installed. The value obtained by dividing the illuminance integral value by the illuminance integral value in the state where the sample was not installed was taken as the daylighting value.
(2) Diffusion value The value obtained by dividing the illuminance at the 60 ° point by the illuminance at the 0 ° point was defined as the diffusion value.
(3) Daylighting diffusion value A value obtained by multiplying the daylighting value and the diffusion value was used as the daylighting diffusion value.

<Model room>
5 and 6 show the outline of the model room and the illumination position.
A model room having a width (W) of 1720 mm, a depth (D) of 1770 mm, a height (H) of 1820 mm, (both inner dimensions), and a window 60 of 700 mm long by 700 mm wide on one side of the side wall surface was used. . As for the window position, the lower side of the window was 690 mm from the bottom of the wall surface, and the window edge was 300 mm from the left end of the wall surface. In addition, a camera 61 was installed indoors at a position 1300 mm in height from the lower side of the wall and 200 mm inward from the right side of the wall. A beige-colored fabric was affixed to the indoor side wall surface and ceiling so as not to be as loose as possible. The interior floor was laid with a dark gray tile carpet. The illumination 62 was installed at a position 300 mm from the wall surface and 1800 mm in height outside the model room, and irradiated so that the incident angle into the room was 30 °. For model illumination, four LDR5N-N-E11 (illumination angle: 14 °, 4.5 W daylight white LED) manufactured by YAZAWA were used.
A Venetian blind 63 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, New Ceramy I-11102) was mounted as a daylighting mechanism so as to cover substantially the entire surface of the window. Moreover, the lighting system was constructed | assembled by installing the predetermined | prescribed fabric as a light control mechanism inside the blind.

<Measurement of brightness>
The luminance of the floor surface and the front wall surface in the model room was measured using a light environment evaluation system QUAAPIX manufactured by Iwasaki Electric Co., Ltd. As described above, the camera was installed at a position of 1300 mm in height and 200 mm from the end on the side wall surface with the window.

<Sensory evaluation>
Subjects (3 persons) entered the model room, and the indoor environment was evaluated with a five-level evaluation, with the brightness distribution being uniform and comfortable as grade 5, and the brightness distribution being intense and unpleasant as grade 1. .

<Correlation between indoor luminance ratio and sensory evaluation>
The luminance of the indoor floor surface was measured with the above-described luminance measurement system when various lighting systems with the lighting mechanism as a blind and the dimming mechanism as various fabrics were installed. Range of luminance measurement is cut out at the same surface as a guide the viewing angle 50 ° in a circular mask, the maximum value of the luminance (cd / m ²⁾ within the range, the luminance within the range (cd / m ² The value obtained by dividing by the minimum value of) was taken as the luminance ratio. A large luminance ratio indicates that the brightness is strong within a specific range, and a low luminance ratio indicates that the brightness is uniform within the specific range.
Moreover, the sensory evaluation at the time of using the illumination conditions and lighting system of the same conditions was performed. There were three test subjects, and the average value of the evaluations of the three subjects was used as the sensory evaluation value. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

  A correlation equation was derived from the results shown in Table 1, and when the luminance ratio was 12.6 or less, the sensory evaluation was grade 3 or higher. From this result, it was determined that a comfortable space was obtained when the luminance ratio was less than 10. The results of Table 1 are shown graphically in FIG.

[Example 1]
The lighting system was a combination of blinds (New Ceramy I-11102, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) as a daylighting mechanism, and the following polyester fabric curtain (single fold) as a dimming mechanism.
The fabric is composed of a non-twisted polyester monofilament yarn semi-dal (22 dtex) for warp, a non-twisted flat cross-section polyester multi-filament yarn super bright (84 dtex), a polyester multi-filament yarn full dull (84 dtex) and a polyester multi-filament yarn semi-dal (84 dtex). A woven fabric consisting of In the woven fabric, the content (weight ratio) of the untwisted semidal yarn and the untwisted super bright yarn was 47.5%. The lighting diffusion value of the fabric was 0.041, and the cover factor was 2296.
In this daylighting system, the slat angle (θ in FIG. 6) is changed to 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, and 120 °, and the luminance of the indoor floor surface and the front wall at each angle is measured to calculate the luminance ratio. did.

[Example 2]
The luminance of the indoor floor surface and the front wall was measured and the luminance ratio was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following polyester fabric was used as the light control mechanism.
The fabric consists of a polyester multifilament yarn semidal (84 dtex, 1000 T / m) for warp, a non-twisted flat cross section polyester multifilament yarn super bright (84 dtex), a polyester multifilament yarn bright (66 dtex, 400 T / m), and polyester. A fabric made of multifilament yarn bright (165 dtex) was used. In the woven fabric, the content (weight ratio) of the untwisted super bright yarn was 26.9%. The light diffusion value of the fabric was 0.057, and the cover factor was 1440.

[Example 3]
The brightness ratio was calculated by measuring the brightness of the indoor floor surface and the front wall in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following polyester fabric was used as the light control mechanism.
The fabric used was a woven fabric in which the warp was a polyester multifilament yarn semidal (84 dtex, 1000 T / m), and the weft was an untwisted flat cross section polyester multifilament yarn semidal (84 dtex). In the woven fabric, the content ratio (weight ratio) of the untwisted semi-dal yarn was 54.9%. The lighting diffusion value of the fabric was 0.084, and the cover factor was 1956.

[Example 4]
The brightness ratio was calculated by measuring the brightness of the indoor floor surface and the front wall in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following polyester fabric was used as the light control mechanism.
The fabric is made of a polyester multifilament yarn semi-dal (84 dtex, 1000 T / m), and a weft yarn is an untwisted flat cross section polyester multifilament yarn superbright (66 dtex) and a non-twisted polyester multifilament yarn superbright (84 dtex). Was used. In the woven fabric, the content (weight ratio) of the untwisted super bright yarn was 54.7%. The lighting diffusion value of the fabric was 0.07, and the cover factor was 1437.

[Example 5]
The luminance ratio was calculated by measuring the luminance of the indoor floor surface and the front wall in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the polyester fabric curtain, which is a light control mechanism, was folded 1.5 times.

[Example 6]
The luminance ratio was calculated by measuring the luminance of the indoor floor surface and the front wall in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the polyester fabric curtain, which is a dimming mechanism, was folded 1.5 times.

[Comparative Example 1]
The luminance ratio was calculated by measuring the luminance of the indoor floor surface and the front wall in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dimming mechanism was not used and the blind was used as the lighting mechanism.

[Comparative Example 2]
The brightness ratio was calculated by measuring the brightness of the indoor floor surface and the front wall in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following polyester fabric was used as the light control mechanism.
The fabric used was a woven fabric in which the warp was a polyester multifilament yarn semi-dal (193 dtex), the weft was a polyester spun yarn bright (24th yarn, 713 T / m) and 80-cut film. The lighting diffusion value of the fabric was 0.03, and the cover factor was 1033.

  Table 2 shows the results of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

As shown in Table 2, in the daylighting systems of Examples 1 to 6, the luminance ratio did not exceed 10 in both the floor surface and the front wall surface and the slat angle of 30 ° to 120 °. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 using no dimming mechanism and Comparative Example 2 using a fabric having a lighting diffusion value of 0.03 as the dimming mechanism have a luminance ratio of 10 or more depending on the slat angle, and brightness within the same plane. The strength was seen.
In addition, in Examples 1 to 6, it was confirmed that the dispersion of the luminance ratio was small and the change in the luminance ratio by changing the slat angle was small, that is, smooth dimming was possible.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Case 10 Side surface 11 Opening formed in side surface 2 Light source 20 Radiation axis of light source 3 Textile 4 Holding part 5 Illuminance measuring part 50 Light receiving part 51 Illuminance calculating part 6 Index value calculating part 60 Window 61 Camera 62 Illumination 63 Blind P Reference point L Reference line θ Angle formed with reference line d Distance from reference point

Claims (7)

A daylighting system installed in a window,
A daylighting mechanism capable of adjusting the amount of light passing by displacing the angle and / or position of the member;
A dimming mechanism that is a fabric or sheet-like member having a daylighting diffusion value of 0.04 or more;
A daylighting system. The daylighting system according to claim 1, wherein the dimming mechanism is provided more indoors than the daylighting mechanism. The daylighting system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the daylighting mechanism is a blind. The daylighting system according to claim 1, wherein the dimming mechanism is a curtain or a shade. The dimming mechanism includes 20% or more of a yarn having an inorganic oxide content of 0.8% by weight or less and a twist number of 300 T / m or less, a cover factor of 1000 or more, and the yarn is a surface of a woven fabric. The daylighting system according to claim 1, wherein the daylighting system is a curtain or shade made of a woven fabric oriented in parallel in a direction. The daylighting system according to claim 5, wherein unevenness having a size of 0.1 to 7 μm is provided on a surface of the fabric. The cross section of the yarn having a content of the inorganic oxide contained in the woven fabric of 0.8 wt% or less and a twist number of 300 T / m or less is a flat cross section or a circular cross section. Daylighting system.

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