JP2017049065A - Norovirus inactivation evaluation method - Google Patents

Norovirus inactivation evaluation method Download PDF

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JP2017049065A
JP2017049065A JP2015171243A JP2015171243A JP2017049065A JP 2017049065 A JP2017049065 A JP 2017049065A JP 2015171243 A JP2015171243 A JP 2015171243A JP 2015171243 A JP2015171243 A JP 2015171243A JP 2017049065 A JP2017049065 A JP 2017049065A
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norovirus
inactivation
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JP6574119B2 (en
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慎也 和泉
Shinya Izumi
慎也 和泉
拓也 奥岡
Takuya Okuoka
拓也 奥岡
広大 氏家
Kodai Ujiie
広大 氏家
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Daio Paper Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a norovirus inactivation evaluation method capable of performing evaluation without requiring much labor for culturing cultured cells.SOLUTION: In a norovirus inactivation evaluation method, norovirus-like particles similar to norovirus structurally and antigenically are used as antigen, and antibody bonded to the norovirus-like particles is quantified, to thereby evaluate inactivation of norovirus.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、ノロウイルス不活化評価方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a norovirus inactivation evaluation method.

従来、ウイルスに対する消毒薬の有効性を評価するためには、感染力のあるウイルスの量を定量的に測定する必要があり、一般に簡便で定量性の高い培養細胞を用いる方法が採用されている。感染力を有するウイルスは細胞に感染するが、消毒薬などで不活化されて感染力を失ったウイルスは細胞に感染できない。したがって、その感染したウイルス量を測定することで消毒薬の効果を判定するのである。   Conventionally, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a disinfectant against a virus, it is necessary to quantitatively measure the amount of infectious virus, and generally a simple and highly quantitative method using cultured cells has been adopted. . Infectious viruses infect cells, but viruses that have been inactivated by disinfectants or the like and have lost their infectivity cannot infect cells. Therefore, the effect of the disinfectant is determined by measuring the amount of the infected virus.

しかし、ヒトノロウイルスの場合、これまでに培養できる細胞が見つかっておらず、上記の方法では消毒薬の有効性を評価することができない。そのため、ノロウイルスの消毒薬による不活化効果は、ヒトノロウイルスと同じカリシウイルス科に属し、細胞培養が可能なネコカリシウイルスを代用することによって判断する方法が知られている(例えば、非特許文献1、2参照)。   However, in the case of human norovirus, cells that can be cultured have not been found so far, and the effectiveness of the disinfectant cannot be evaluated by the above method. Therefore, a method for determining the inactivation effect of a norovirus by a disinfectant by substituting feline calicivirus that belongs to the same caliciviridae family as human norovirus and is capable of cell culture is known (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). 2).

また、近年ではヒトノロウイルスと同じノロウイルス属に属するマウスノロウイルスの培養が可能となったことから、マウスノロウイルスを用いた消毒薬による不活化効果の評価方法も採用されている(例えば、非特許文献3参照)。   In recent years, since mouse noroviruses belonging to the same norovirus genus as human norovirus can be cultured, an evaluation method of the inactivation effect by a disinfectant using mouse norovirus is also employed (for example, Non-Patent Document 3). reference).

平成19年度国立薬品食品衛生研究所報告書「ウイルス不活化条件に関する調査」2007 National Institute of Health Sciences report “Investigation on virus inactivation conditions” 岩崎稔ら、新薬と臨床 J.New Rem.& Clin. Vol.54 No.8(2005)、p969−973Akira Iwasaki et al., New Drugs and Clinical Research New Rem. & Clin. Vol.54 No.8 (2005), p969-973 清水優子ら、環境感染誌、Vol.24 No.6(2009)、p388−394Yuko Shimizu et al., Environmental Infectious Journal, Vol.24 No.6 (2009), p388-394

しかしながら、上記の方法はいずれも培養細胞を用いて当該培養細胞に感染したウイルス量を測定するものであり、培養細胞にウイルスを接種した後、当該培養細胞を数日間培養させる必要があった。そのため、ウイルスの不活化評価に時間がかかってしまうことが課題となっていた。   However, all of the above methods measure the amount of virus infected with the cultured cells using the cultured cells, and after inoculating the cultured cells with the virus, the cultured cells had to be cultured for several days. Therefore, it has been a problem that it takes time to evaluate the inactivation of viruses.

本発明は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたもので、培養細胞を培養させる手間をかけることなく評価することができるノロウイルス不活化評価方法を提供することを目的とする。   This invention is made | formed in view of the said subject, and it aims at providing the norovirus inactivation evaluation method which can be evaluated without taking the effort which cultures a cultured cell.

上記課題を解決するため、請求項1に記載の発明は、
ノロウイルスの不活化評価方法であって、
前記ノロウイルスと構造的かつ抗原的に同等であるノロウイルス様粒子を抗原とし、
前記ノロウイルス様粒子と結合した抗体を定量することにより前記ノロウイルスの不活化を評価することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention described in claim 1
Norovirus inactivation evaluation method,
The antigen is a norovirus-like particle that is structurally and antigenically equivalent to the norovirus,
The inactivation of the norovirus is evaluated by quantifying the antibody bound to the norovirus-like particle.

請求項2に記載の発明は、請求項1に記載の発明において、
前記抗体の定量は、ELISAサンドイッチ法によって行うことを特徴とする。
The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1,
The quantification of the antibody is performed by an ELISA sandwich method.

本発明によれば、培養細胞を培養させる手間をかけることなく評価することができるノロウイルス不活化評価方法を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the norovirus inactivation evaluation method which can be evaluated without taking the effort which cultures a cultured cell can be provided.

本実施形態にかかるノロウイルス不活化評価方法により導出されたノロウイルス様粒子の不活化効果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the inactivation effect of the norovirus like particle | grains derived | led-out by the norovirus inactivation evaluation method concerning this embodiment. 従来のネコカリシウイルスを用いた不活化評価方法により導出された当該ネコカリシウイルスの不活化効果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the inactivation effect of the said feline calicivirus derived | led-out by the inactivation evaluation method using the conventional feline calicivirus.

以下、本発明の実施形態であるノロウイルス不活化評価方法を詳細に説明する。但し、発明の範囲は、図示例に限定されない。   Hereinafter, the norovirus inactivation evaluation method which is embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail. However, the scope of the invention is not limited to the illustrated examples.

[検体の調製]
まず、ノロウイルス不活化評価の対象となる検体の調整について説明する。
rNV-VLPs(recombinant Norovirus-Virus Like Particles;ノロウイルス様粒子)分散液と等量の試験検体液を接触させ、例えば、10秒後、30秒後、2分後、及び10分後に所定量のサンプルをマイクロピペットで採取し、それぞれのサンプルにLP希釈液を加えて希釈検体とする。
ここで、rNV-VLPs分散液とは、rNV-VLPsを生理食塩水(0.9w/v%)で希釈し、10分間ミキシングしたものである。
試験検体液とは、アルコールを含有するウエットワイパーのシート絞り液等である。
[Sample preparation]
First, adjustment of a sample to be subjected to norovirus inactivation evaluation will be described.
rNV-VLPs (recombinant Norovirus-Virus Like Particles) is brought into contact with an equal amount of test specimen liquid, for example, a predetermined amount of sample after 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 10 minutes. Is collected with a micropipette, and LP diluted solution is added to each sample to prepare diluted specimens.
Here, the rNV-VLPs dispersion is obtained by diluting rNV-VLPs with physiological saline (0.9 w / v%) and mixing for 10 minutes.
The test specimen liquid is a sheet squeezing liquid of a wet wiper containing alcohol.

[ノロウイルス不活化評価の原理]
次に、ノロウイルス不活化評価方法の原理について説明する。
本発明の実施形態であるノロウイルス不活化評価方法は、ELISA(Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay)サンドイッチ法を原理としている。
ELISAサンドイッチ法は、一次抗体(捕獲抗体)を固相化したマイクロプレートに検体を添加し、抗原・抗体反応を生じさせ、さらに酵素標識抗体を添加し、抗原・抗体反応を生じさせ、酵素活性を測定することにより、検体中の抗原を検出するものである。
[Principle of norovirus inactivation evaluation]
Next, the principle of the norovirus inactivation evaluation method will be described.
The norovirus inactivation evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention is based on an ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) sandwich method.
In the ELISA sandwich method, a specimen is added to a microplate on which a primary antibody (capture antibody) is solid-phased to cause an antigen-antibody reaction, an enzyme-labeled antibody is further added to cause an antigen-antibody reaction, and enzyme activity Is used to detect the antigen in the specimen.

[ノロウイルス不活化評価方法]
次に、ノロウイルス不活化評価方法について説明する。
本発明の実施形態であるノロウイルス不活化評価方法では、まず、一次抗体(捕獲抗体)をマイクロプレート(例えば、96ウェルプレート)の各ウェルの表面に吸着(固相化)させる。ここで、一次抗体とは、抗原(ノロウイルス様粒子)を捉えるために使われる抗体である。
[Norovirus inactivation evaluation method]
Next, the norovirus inactivation evaluation method will be described.
In the norovirus inactivation evaluation method according to the embodiment of the present invention, first, a primary antibody (capture antibody) is adsorbed (immobilized) on the surface of each well of a microplate (for example, a 96-well plate). Here, the primary antibody is an antibody used for capturing an antigen (norovirus-like particle).

次いで、一次抗体が固相化されたマイクロプレートの各ウェルに一定順序、一定時間間隔で上記の各希釈検体を所定量滴加し、当該マイクロプレートをプレート用ミキサーで数秒間撹拌する。そして、マイクロプレートの上面をラップ等で覆い、一次抗体に抗原が結合するまで(例えば、40分間)、20〜30℃でマイクロプレートを静置する。   Next, a predetermined amount of each of the above-mentioned diluted specimens is added dropwise to each well of the microplate on which the primary antibody is solid-phased at regular intervals and at regular time intervals, and the microplate is stirred for several seconds with a plate mixer. Then, the upper surface of the microplate is covered with a wrap or the like, and the microplate is allowed to stand at 20 to 30 ° C. until the antigen is bound to the primary antibody (for example, 40 minutes).

次いで、マイクロプレートの各ウェルの反応液を、上記の各希釈検体を滴加したときと同一順序・同一時間間隔で吸引除去する。そして、各ウェルに所定量の洗浄液を滴加し、プレート用ミキサーで数秒間撹拌した後、洗浄液を吸引除去する。そして、各ウェルに、上記の各希釈検体を滴加したときと同一順序・同一時間間隔で酵素標識抗体液を所定量滴加し、プレート用ミキサーで数秒間撹拌する。そして、マイクロプレートの上面をラップ等で覆い、さらに全体をアルミ箔等で覆うか、又は遮光容器に収納して遮光し、所定時間(例えば、20分間)、20〜30℃でマイクロプレートを静置する。   Next, the reaction solution in each well of the microplate is aspirated and removed in the same order and at the same time interval as when each of the diluted specimens was added dropwise. Then, a predetermined amount of the cleaning solution is added dropwise to each well, and after stirring for several seconds with a plate mixer, the cleaning solution is removed by suction. Then, a predetermined amount of enzyme-labeled antibody solution is added dropwise to each well in the same order and at the same time interval as when each of the diluted specimens is added dropwise, and stirred for several seconds with a plate mixer. Then, the upper surface of the microplate is covered with a wrap or the like, and further covered with an aluminum foil or the like, or is stored in a light shielding container and shielded from light, and the microplate is allowed to stand at a temperature of 20 to 30 ° C. for a predetermined time (for example, 20 minutes). Put.

次いで、マイクロプレートの各ウェルの反応液を、上記の各希釈検体を滴加したときと同一順序・同一時間間隔で吸引除去する。そして、各ウェルに所定量の洗浄液を滴加し、プレート用ミキサーで数秒間撹拌した後、洗浄液を吸引除去する。そして、各ウェルに、上記の各希釈検体を滴加したときと同一順序・同一時間間隔で基質液を所定量滴加し、プレート用ミキサーで数秒間撹拌する。そして、マイクロプレートの上面をラップ等で覆い、さらに全体をアルミ箔等で覆うか、又は遮光容器に収納して遮光し、所定時間(例えば、40分間)、20〜30℃でマイクロプレートを静置する。   Next, the reaction solution in each well of the microplate is aspirated and removed in the same order and at the same time interval as when each of the diluted specimens was added dropwise. Then, a predetermined amount of the cleaning solution is added dropwise to each well, and after stirring for several seconds with a plate mixer, the cleaning solution is removed by suction. Then, a predetermined amount of the substrate solution is added to each well in the same order and at the same time interval as when each of the diluted samples is added dropwise, and stirred for several seconds with a plate mixer. Then, the upper surface of the microplate is covered with a wrap or the like, and further covered with an aluminum foil or the like, or is stored in a light shielding container and shielded from light. Put.

次いで、マイクロプレートの各ウェルに、上記の各希釈検体を滴加したときと同一順序・同一時間間隔で反応停止液を所定量滴加する。そして、反応停止液の滴加後所定時間(例えば、30分)以内にオートリーダー(波長450nm)で各ウェルの呈色液の吸光度を測定し、抗原であるノロウイルス様粒子の残存量を定量することによって、ノロウイルスの不活化効果を擬似的に評価する。   Next, a predetermined amount of a reaction stop solution is added to each well of the microplate in the same order and at the same time interval as when each of the diluted specimens is added dropwise. Then, the absorbance of the colored solution in each well is measured with an auto reader (wavelength 450 nm) within a predetermined time (for example, 30 minutes) after the addition of the reaction stop solution, and the residual amount of norovirus-like particles that are antigens is quantified. Thus, the inactivation effect of norovirus is evaluated in a pseudo manner.

次に、本発明の実施形態であるノロウイルス不活化評価方法を下記の実施例によって具体的に説明する。   Next, the norovirus inactivation evaluation method which is an embodiment of the present invention will be specifically described by the following examples.

<実施条件>
下記の実施条件の下、希釈検体1と希釈検体2の2種類の検体についてノロウイルス不活化評価を行った。
抗原;ノロウイルス抗原キットNV−AD(デンカ生研株式会社製)に付属のノロウイ ルス用粒子
1次抗体;抗NV−GI及びGIIモノクローナル抗体(マウス)
希釈検体1;アルコールを含有するウエットワイパーA(pH6.0、PHMB、塩化 ベンザルコニウム含有)(市販品)のシート絞り液を上記検体の調整法に より調整したもの
希釈検体2;アルコールを含有するウエットワイパーB(pH9.5、PHMB、塩化 ベンザルコニウム含有)(エリエールプロダクト株式会社製;エリエール 除菌できるアルコールタオルウイルス除去用)のシート絞り液を上記検体 の調整法により調整したもの
酵素標識抗体液;ペルオキシダーゼ標識抗NV抗原ポリクローナル抗体(ウサギ)及び (マウス)並びにペルオキシダーゼ標識抗NV−GIIモノクローナル 抗体(マウス)を含む溶液
基質液;3, 3’, 5, 5’−テトラメチルベンジン(TMB)、過酸化水素 (0.009w/v%)を含む溶液
反応停止液;0.3mol/L硫酸
<Conditions for implementation>
Under the following conditions of implementation, norovirus inactivation evaluation was performed on two types of samples, diluted sample 1 and diluted sample 2.
Antigen: Norovirus antigen kit NV-AD (manufactured by Denka Seken Co., Ltd.) Particles for Norroids Primary antibody; Anti-NV-GI and GII monoclonal antibody (mouse)
Diluted sample 1; alcohol wipe-containing wet wiper A (pH 6.0, PHMB, benzalkonium chloride included) (commercially available) prepared by adjusting the sample preparation method diluted sample 2; containing alcohol Enzyme label prepared by adjusting the sheet squeezing solution of wet wiper B (pH 9.5, PHMB, containing benzalkonium chloride) (manufactured by Elleaire Products Co., Ltd .; for removing alcohol towel virus that can be eradicated) Antibody solution; solution containing peroxidase-labeled anti-NV antigen polyclonal antibody (rabbit) and (mouse) and peroxidase-labeled anti-NV-GII monoclonal antibody (mouse) Substrate solution; 3, 3 ′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzine (TMB) ), A solution containing hydrogen peroxide (0.009 w / v%) Reaction stop solution: 0 .3 mol / L sulfuric acid

図1に示す評価結果のとおり、ウエットワイパーAのシート絞り液についても、ウエットワイパーBのシート絞り液についても、rNV-VLPs(ノロウイルス様粒子)分散液と接触してから10秒経過以降にノロウイルス様粒子の不活化効果が確認された。
また、ウエットワイパーBのシート絞り液については、rNV-VLPs分散液と接触してから10秒経過した段階でほぼ全てのノロウイルス様粒子の不活化効果が確認された。
これに対して、ウエットワイパーAのシート絞り液については、rNV-VLPs分散液と接触してから10秒経過した段階で31%、30秒経過した段階で18%の活性なノロウイルス様粒子が残存し、ほぼ全てのノロウイルス様粒子が不活化するまで10分かかることが確認された。
As shown in the evaluation results shown in FIG. 1, both the sheet squeezing solution of wet wiper A and the sheet squeezing solution of wet wiper B were norovirused after 10 seconds from the contact with the rNV-VLPs (Norovirus-like particle) dispersion. The inactivation effect of the like particles was confirmed.
Moreover, about the sheet | squeezing liquid of the wet wiper B, the inactivation effect of almost all Norovirus-like particle | grains was confirmed in the stage which passed for 10 seconds after contacting with rNV-VLPs dispersion liquid.
On the other hand, in the sheet squeezing solution of wet wiper A, 31% of active norovirus-like particles remain after 10 seconds after contact with the rNV-VLPs dispersion and 18% after 30 seconds. It was confirmed that it took 10 minutes until almost all Norovirus-like particles were inactivated.

また、図1に示す評価結果は、図2に示すネコカリシウイルスを用いた消毒薬による不活化効果と高い相関性を有することが確認された。つまり、ノロウイルスと構造的かつ抗原的に同等であるノロウイルス様粒子を抗原とし、上記ELISAサンドイッチ法によって当該ノロウイルス様粒子と結合した抗体を定量することで、ノロウイルスの不活化評価方法が確立できることを示している。これにより、培養細胞を培養させる手間をかけることなく評価することができるノロウイルス不活化評価方法を提供することができる。
なお、図2に示す不活化効果は、上述したように、ヒトノロウイルスと同じカリシウイルス科に属し、細胞培養が可能なネコカリシウイルスを代用することによって判断する従来の方法(上記非特許文献2;図1 ネコカリシウイルスに対する薬液の効果参照)によって導出されたものである。
Moreover, it was confirmed that the evaluation result shown in FIG. 1 has high correlation with the inactivation effect by the disinfectant using the feline calicivirus shown in FIG. In other words, it shows that a norovirus inactivation evaluation method can be established by quantifying the antibody bound to the norovirus-like particles by the ELISA sandwich method using norovirus-like particles that are structurally and antigenically equivalent to norovirus as the antigen. ing. Thereby, the norovirus inactivation evaluation method which can evaluate without taking the effort which cultures a cultured cell can be provided.
In addition, as described above, the inactivation effect shown in FIG. 2 belongs to the same caliciviridae family as human norovirus, and is determined by substituting feline calicivirus capable of cell culture (non-patent document 2 above). ; See Fig. 1 Effect of chemicals on feline calicivirus).

以上、本発明を実施形態に基づいて具体的に説明してきたが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で変更可能である。   As mentioned above, although this invention was concretely demonstrated based on embodiment, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It can change in the range which does not deviate from the summary.

Claims (2)

ノロウイルスの不活化評価方法であって、
前記ノロウイルスと構造的かつ抗原的に同等であるノロウイルス様粒子を抗原とし、
前記ノロウイルス様粒子と結合した抗体を定量することにより前記ノロウイルスの不活化を評価することを特徴とするノロウイルス不活化評価方法。
Norovirus inactivation evaluation method,
The antigen is a norovirus-like particle that is structurally and antigenically equivalent to the norovirus,
A norovirus inactivation evaluation method comprising evaluating the inactivation of the norovirus by quantifying an antibody bound to the norovirus-like particle.
前記抗体の定量は、ELISAサンドイッチ法によって行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のノロウイルス不活化評価方法。   The norovirus inactivation evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the antibody is quantified by an ELISA sandwich method.
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