JP2017046561A - Magnetic levitation travel device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device in which, by a very simple method with no use of a special device, a pyrolytic graphite of diamagnetic material is magnetically levitated on a magnet array, for traveling in circuit by interchanging a track between an approach path and a return path.MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM: In a device, on a base made from a strip-like soft magnetism thin steel plate being bent in a length direction, a magnet array in which a plurality of box-like neodymium magnets are arranged are disposed in five or more rows along the length direction. Relating to a straight travel area of a pyrolytic graphite, polarities of magnet surfaces in each magnet array are identical, and, the polarities of the magnet surfaces of adjoining magnet arrays are opposite to each other. In order to change a track, a structure in which an arc-like guide is provided at both ends in the length direction, otherwise, a structure both ends of the base are twisted is employed.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a device for traveling a magnetically levitated thin sheet of pyrolytic graphite on a magnet array. In particular, the present invention relates to a device that travels in a circuit shape by changing the track between the forward path and the return path.

  When a diamagnetic material having a negative magnetic susceptibility is placed in a magnetic field space, a repulsive force is generated, so that it is known to levitate magnetically. Since the diamagnetic material levitated in this way does not have a contact surface, there is no frictional resistance, and it is possible to run efficiently with a slight force. If a drive device is made using this principle, it can be used as a device for moving an object that floats in the air, like a magic carpet, or as a demonstration exhibit.

For example, a magnet array composed of a plurality of permanent magnets arranged so as to form a potential wall of a magnetic field, a temperature-sensitive magnetic body placed on the magnet array, and the temperature-sensitive magnetic body are selectively heated. There is disclosed a magnetic driving device having a light irradiation light source as a heating means for magnetically levitating and driving a driving object made of a diamagnetic material from a change in a magnetic field generated by the light irradiation (for example, (See Patent Document 1).
In this magnetic drive device, a drive object made of a diamagnetic material is magnetically levitated and driven from a change in a magnetic field generated by selectively heating the temperature-sensitive magnetic material.

Further, a magnetic field potential is formed by arranging the N poles and S poles of each permanent magnet in a magnet arrangement composed of a plurality of permanent magnets in a lattice pattern so that the magnetic field potential is repelled. The diamagnetic material is levitated by force, and a part of the magnetically levitated diamagnetic material is irradiated with a laser beam to partially raise the temperature of the diamagnetic material to change the absolute value of the magnetic susceptibility, It has been disclosed that the levitation distance is shortened by only a part, and the diamagnetic material can be guided in the direction in which the laser beam is irradiated (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
In this magnetic drive device, the diamagnetic material is driven by irradiating a laser beam and partially changing the magnetic susceptibility.

  In the United States, a toy that combines a plurality of arc-shaped magnets in a Halbach array and floats a diamagnetic pyrolytic graphite is also on the market.

Further, instead of combining a plurality of magnets having different magnetic field orientations, magnetic flux density is formed by magnetizing and forming magnetic poles having different directions in adjacent regions of one magnet having a large magnetic field orientation in the thickness direction. A technique is disclosed in which peaks and valleys of distribution are formed and a diamagnetic material is levitated (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
In this patent, there is shown an example in which three magnetic poles having different SNSs are formed in the width direction as described above, and a plurality of them are arranged in a circuit shape to make the diamagnetic material travel around.

  JP 2010-68603 A   JP 2014-54129 A   US20150037128A1 Publication

  The magnetic drive device described in Patent Document 1 requires a highly accurate device such as a light irradiation device, and the magnetic drive device described in Patent Document 2 requires an expensive device such as a laser light irradiation device. .

In the case of a magnetically levitated toy sold in the United States, it is formed in a curved shape in a front view, and it is necessary to prepare an arc-shaped magnet in advance. And the curvature degree of the whole is decided with the curvature radius, and there is no freedom degree of the shape of the whole toy. Moreover, although the magnetic flux density on the magnet is increased by using the Halbach array, the number of pyrolytic graphites that can be levitated is one, despite the number of magnets being five. Furthermore, the degree of freedom of the shape is also small. Further, when the Halbach arrangement is adopted, a strong repulsive force acts between the magnets during assembly, and a special jig for assembly is required, and further, a special device for holding and fixing the assembled state is required.
Again, pyrolytic graphite simply reciprocates on the same magnet array.

In addition, in the method described in Patent Document 3, it is sufficient to prepare a single larger magnet as compared with the method of preparing and arranging individual magnets. Save. However, a dedicated magnetizing coil is required for each magnetizing pattern, the magnetizing work becomes complicated, and the total cost is not necessarily reduced. Furthermore, as compared with the case where individual fully magnetized magnets are combined, the transition of the magnetic flux density distribution in the region where the polarity of NS changes is not sharp and the levitation force on the diamagnetic material tends to decrease.
Patent Document 3 also shows an example of running a diamagnetic material in a circuit shape. However, in the corner portion, centrifugal force is applied to the diamagnetic material, and it tends to jump out. There is no disclosure on how to prevent such popping out. Furthermore, since the centrifugal force is proportional to the square of the speed, it is difficult to increase the traveling speed.

  Therefore, the present invention magnetically levitated and travels a diamagnetic pyrolytic graphite thin plate (hereinafter abbreviated as PG thin plate) without using a special device, and after reaching one end on the track, An object of the present invention is to provide a device that travels on a circuit by being reversed and moved on another track.

One of the devices of the present invention is a device for causing a PG thin plate to magnetically levitate on a magnet row and repeatedly running in a circuit shape by changing the trajectory between the forward path and the return path,
On a base made of a strip-shaped soft magnetic thin steel plate, curved in a convex shape toward the lower side in the longitudinal direction,
5 or more rows of magnet rows in which a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnets aligned in the thickness direction are arranged along the longitudinal direction,
In the central region in the longitudinal direction in which the PG thin plate travels in a straight line (hereinafter referred to as a straight travel region), the polarities of the magnet surfaces in each of the magnet rows are the same, and the polarities of the magnet surfaces of adjacent magnet rows are mutually different. The opposite direction,
It is a scientific apparatus characterized by comprising U-shaped or J-shaped guides composed of arcs facing each other or arcs and linear portions on the magnet rows at both ends in the longitudinal direction.
According to the apparatus of the present invention, when the PG thin plate that has levitated on one magnet row track reaches one end of the magnet row, the PG thin plate turns around along the guide, moves to another magnet row track, and levitates. Become.

  In the apparatus of the present invention, since the longitudinal direction of the base is convexly curved downward, the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy as the PG thin plate approaches the end portion, and the velocity is reduced. Held as. Therefore, it is possible to reduce energy loss when changing the direction by contacting the guide, and it is easy to continue running on a circuit.

  In another device of the present invention, the base is curved in a convex shape downward in the longitudinal direction, and the degree of curvature in the vicinity of both ends is greater than the degree of curvature in the central portion. This is because the effect of loosening the traveling speed of the PG thin plate at both ends is enhanced, and the continuation of the reciprocating motion traveling is further facilitated without impairing the overall speed feeling.

In the apparatus of the present invention, each magnet at both ends in the width direction of the magnet row has the following requirements:
(1) It inclines so that the surface may become low toward the center of the width direction.
(2) The maximum energy product is greater than the maximum energy product of each magnet in the inner magnet row.
(3) The thickness is thicker than each magnet in the inner magnet row.
It is preferable that at least one of the requirements is satisfied.
By increasing the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnets at both ends in the width direction, it is possible to reduce the tendency of the PG thin plate to move outward from the magnet row, and more stable travel is possible.

In the apparatus of the present invention, the magnet row is an odd-numbered row arrangement, and each magnet of the magnet row at the center in the width direction of the central region in the longitudinal direction where the PG thin plate travels linearly is more than each magnet of the magnet row on both sides thereof.
(1) The maximum energy product is large.
(2) The surface is thicker or thicker via a yoke thin plate disposed below the magnet row.
One or both of the requirements may be satisfied.
By changing the magnetic flux density distribution in the width direction on the magnet, the traveling can be stabilized by dividing the forward path and the return path in the linear traveling region of the PG thin plate.

In the apparatus of the present invention, the magnet rows are arranged in an even number of rows of 6 rows or more, and the magnets of the two rows of magnet rows in the center in the width direction of the longitudinal center region in which the PG thin plate travels linearly touch each other. The following requirements compared to each magnet on the outside in the width direction,
(1) The maximum energy product is larger.
(2) Thickness is greater or the surface is higher through a yoke thin plate below the magnet row.
(3) Each is configured to be inclined so that the magnet surface decreases toward the outside in the width direction.
And at least one of the requirements may be satisfied.
This is because stable traveling can be performed by changing the magnetic flux density distribution in the width direction on the magnet and dividing the forward path and the return path in the linear traveling region of the PG thin plate.

In the apparatus according to the present invention, in the scientific apparatus having the even-numbered row arrangement described above, it is divided into two at the center in the width direction and spreads on both sides, a gap of one or more magnets is provided, and both ends in the longitudinal direction of the magnet row are provided. The magnets are arranged without gaps so that the polarities of the surfaces of adjacent magnets differ as much as possible, and they extend from one side of the magnet array to the other array of magnets. Or it can be set as the scientific apparatus which provided the J-shaped guide.
A large round orbit can be obtained, and the demonstration effect can be further enhanced.

Another one of the devices of the present invention is a device that magnetically levitates a PG thin plate on a magnet row and changes the trajectory between the forward path and the return path and repeatedly travels in a circuit shape,
The base on which the magnet is magnetically attracted is made of a strip-shaped soft magnetic thin steel plate, and is curved in a convex shape toward the lower side in the longitudinal direction.
In addition, both ends of the base are twisted so that the PG thin plate turns and becomes a downhill with respect to the moving direction that changes the trajectory,
5 or more rows of magnet rows in which a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnets aligned in the thickness direction are arranged along the longitudinal direction,
In the central region in the longitudinal direction in which the PG thin plate travels linearly, the polarities of the magnet surfaces in each of the magnet rows are the same, the polarities of the magnet surfaces of adjacent magnet rows are opposite to each other, and the outer circumferential side surface of the magnet row And a side wall having a height of 1.5 mm or more from the magnet surface.
The side wall is installed at least in the vicinity of the exit side of the turning portion of the PG thin plate, and more preferably is installed so as to cover the entire circumference of the side surface of the magnet row.
By doing so, the PG thin plate traveling on the magnet row approaches the end and moves in the downhill direction, that is, in the width direction when the speed decreases, contacts the side wall, turns and rotates, and runs on another magnet row. .

In another device of the present invention, the base is curved in a convex shape downward in the longitudinal direction, and the degree of curvature in the vicinity of both ends is greater than the degree of curvature in the central portion.
This is because the effect of loosening the traveling speed of the PG thin plate at both ends is enhanced, and the continuation of the circuit-like traveling in which the track is changed between the forward path and the return path is further facilitated without impairing the overall speed feeling.

In the apparatus of the present invention, each magnet at both ends in the width direction of the magnet row has the following requirements:
(1) Inclined to become lower toward the center in the width direction,
(2) The maximum energy product is greater than the maximum energy product of each magnet in the inner magnet row,
(3) The thickness is thicker than each magnet in the inner magnet row,
It is preferable that at least one of the requirements is satisfied.
By increasing the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnets at both ends in the width direction, it is possible to reduce the tendency of the PG thin plate to move outward from the magnet row. Thereby, the stable driving | running | working which maintained the distance of the outer peripheral part of a PG thin plate and a side wall, ie, eliminated frictional resistance in the non-contact state is attained.

Further, in the apparatus of the present invention, when the magnet row is an odd row, each magnet of one magnet row in the center in the width direction, and when the magnet row is an even row, each magnet of the two magnet rows in the center in the width direction is Compared with the magnets of the adjacent magnet rows outside in the width direction, in the linear traveling area of the PG thin plate 5 excluding the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction,
(1) Maximum energy product is larger,
(2) The surface is high through a thicker magnet or through a yoke thin plate below the magnet row,
The apparatus satisfies at least one of the requirements. In the linear traveling area of the PG thin plate 5, it becomes difficult to come off from the magnet row that becomes a track, and the traveling is stabilized.

In the method using an arc guide to invert the PG thin plate of the present invention, the PG thin plate to be used has a thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 mm,
In the plan view, when the width of the magnet is w and the number of magnets is an odd number (2n + 1) or even number (2n + 2), where n is an integer of 2 or more,
(1) A circle having a diameter of 1.5 w or more and (n + 0.3) w or less,
Or
(2) A rotationally symmetric octagon in which four corners of a square are cut at 45 degrees with respect to each side, and an octagon including a regular octagon having a circumscribed circle diameter of 1.5 w or more and (n + 0.3) w or less. ,
Can be used.
By selecting the shape and size of the PG thin plate within the above range, it is possible to travel stably. In addition, by making a circular or rotationally symmetric octagonal PG thin plate, the PG thin plate rotates when contacting the arcuate guide and reversing the direction, compared to friction due to sliding when not rotating, There is an advantage that the speed is not easily attenuated.

In the method of twisting both ends of the base to invert the PG thin plate of the present invention, the PG thin plate to be used has a thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 mm,
When the width of the magnet is w and the number of magnet rows is m, the shape in the plan view is
A circle having a diameter of 1.5 w or more (m-2.7) w or less,
A square whose side is 1.5w or more (m-2.7) w or less,
A rectangle having a short side of 1.5 w or more (m-2.7) w or less,
Any polygon having a circumscribed circle diameter of 1.5 w or more and (m-2.7) w or less can be used.
By using the PG thin plate having these shapes and dimensions, the circuit-like continuous running in which the track is changed between the forward path and the return path is stabilized.

In the apparatus of the present invention, a blowing nozzle can be provided at one or two or more positions above the magnet row of the apparatus.
It is possible to continue running by supplying kinetic energy to the PG thin plate.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a device for magnetically levitating a PG thin plate by a very simple method without using a special auxiliary device and traveling in different circuit shapes on a forward path and a return path. Therefore, the demonstration effect is enormous, and it is highly expected to be used as a display or toy.

It is (a) top view and (b) front view which show an example of the apparatus of this invention. (A) is sectional drawing along line A-A 'of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, (b) shows the schematic diagram of surface magnetic flux density distribution. It is a front view which shows the other apparatus which made the curvature degree of the base both ends vicinity larger than the center part of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the apparatus in case the number of magnet rows of this invention is 5, (a) shows the example using the base bent so that the both ends of the width direction of a magnet row may incline inside, (b) Shows an example in which a magnet having a larger maximum energy product is used at both ends in the width direction, and (c) shows an example in which a thick magnet is used at both ends in the width direction. It is sectional drawing of the apparatus in case the number of magnet rows of the present invention is 5, using a base bent so that the surfaces of the magnets arranged at both ends in the width direction are inclined inward, and (a) the center An example using a magnet having a larger maximum energy product as a magnet of the magnet array, (b) an example using a thick magnet, (c) a spacer made of a soft magnetic material under the magnet array and raising the surface An example is shown. It is sectional drawing of the apparatus in case the number of magnet rows of the present invention is 6, using a base bent so that both ends in the width direction are inclined inward, and (a) magnets of two magnet rows in the center As an example using a magnet having a larger maximum energy product, (b is an example using a thick magnet as a magnet of two central magnet rows, (c) a spacer made of a soft magnetic material under the magnet row An example in which the surface is raised and the surface is raised, (d) an example in which a spacer made of a soft magnetic material is laid under the magnet row and a downward slope is formed on the outside, and (d1) and (d2) are shown. The expanded sectional view of a wedge-shaped spacer is shown, respectively. An example of a method for arranging magnets in a scientific apparatus in which a gap corresponding to (a) one magnet width, (b) two magnet widths, and (c) three magnet widths is provided at the center in the width direction of the straight traveling area of the present invention. FIG. However, only one side of both end portions in the longitudinal direction is shown. It is a top view which shows another example of the arrangement | positioning method of the magnet of the scientific apparatus which provided the gap | interval for 2 rows of magnet widths in the center of the width direction of the linear running area of this invention. However, only one side of both end portions in the longitudinal direction is shown. (A) is sectional drawing along line A-A 'of the scientific apparatus of this invention shown in FIG.8 (b). (B1) and (b2) are enlarged sectional views of wedge-shaped spacers, respectively. It is a front view which shows the example of the scientific apparatus made into the structure which twisted the both ends of the base of this invention. However, the lines indicating the magnet rows and the side walls are not displayed. In the case where the number of magnet rows of the present invention is 6, using a base that is bent so that both ends in the width direction are inclined inward, a cross-sectional view in the width direction of the device having a structure in which both ends are further twisted, (A) and (e) are in the vicinity of both ends, (c) is in the center in the longitudinal direction, (b) and (d) are in the middle of (a) and (c), and (c) and (e), respectively. It is sectional drawing. It is the (a) top view and (b) front view which show the example of arrangement | positioning of the air nozzle for accelerating a PG thin plate. It is a top view which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of another air nozzle for accelerating a PG thin plate. It is a figure which shows the result of having measured the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet of the scientific apparatus of Example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the (a) measurement position and (b) measurement result of magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet of the scientific apparatus of Example 4 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the (a) measurement position and (b) measurement result of magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet of the scientific apparatus of Example 5 of this invention. It is a top view which shows the arrangement | positioning method of the magnet of the scientific apparatus of Example 7 of this invention. However, only one side of both end portions in the longitudinal direction is shown. It is a figure which shows the width direction sectional drawing of the longitudinal direction center part of Example 8 of this invention. It is a top view which shows the example of the arrangement | positioning method of the magnet of Example 8 of this invention. However, only one side of both end portions in the longitudinal direction is shown.

It is known that magnetic levitation occurs because a repulsive force is generated when a diamagnetic PG thin plate having a negative magnetic susceptibility is placed in a magnetic field space.
The scientific apparatus of the present invention includes a magnet that forms a magnetic field for levitating the PG thin plate, and a PG thin plate that levitates and moves on the magnetic field.
Substances having a negative magnetic susceptibility include non-ferrous metals such as copper, lead, bismuth, and silver, and non-metals such as graphite, diamond, and PG.
At this time, the repulsive force F is
F = (χ / μ ₀ ) · V · B · dB / dz (1)
Indicated by
Where χ: magnetic susceptibility,
μ ₀ : Vacuum permeability (H / m)
V: Volume (m ³ )
B: Magnetic flux density (T)
dB / dz: vertical gradient of magnetic flux density B (T / m)
It is.
In the above equation, the product of B and dB / dz, that is, B · dB / dz, is negative even if the magnetic flux density of either N pole or S pole is defined as positive. Since the magnetic susceptibility is negative, the repulsive force F is positive, that is, a repulsive force regardless of the N and S poles. Thus, the repulsive force to the diamagnetic material has a feature that it does not depend on the polarity of the magnet.

According to the above formula, since the magnitude of the repulsive force F is proportional to the magnetic susceptibility χ, the repulsive force F increases as the absolute value of the magnetic susceptibility χ increases.
Incidentally, the magnetic susceptibility of the material, such as copper nonferrous metals -1.0 ^{(x10 -5)} having a negative magnetic susceptibility at room temperature, lead -1.8 ^{(x10 -5),} silver -2. 6 ^{(x10 -5),} bismuth is -16.6 ^{(x10 -5).} As non-metals, graphite is −1.6 (x10 ⁻⁵ ), diamond is −2.1 (x10 ⁻⁵ ), and PG is −40.9 (x10 ⁻⁵ ). In particular, it can be seen that the absolute value of the magnetic susceptibility of PG is the largest among these diamagnetic materials. Moreover, the density of PG is as small as 2.2 g / cm ³ and is suitable for magnetic levitation.

PG is usually obtained by vapor phase growth (CVD) by decomposing hydrocarbons in a high-temperature vacuum furnace. PG has a density close to the theoretical value, is highly pure and chemically stable, and is superior in mechanical strength and thermal stability to ordinary graphite. PG has a layered structure in the thickness direction grown in a vapor phase and has strong anisotropy. The absolute value of the magnetic susceptibility χ is large in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the deposited layer.
Since PG that is usually available on the market has a thickness of about 1 mm to several mm and can be easily processed, it is the most suitable diamagnetic material for use in the present invention.

In the apparatus of the present invention, a rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnet mainly having a magnetic field orientation in the thickness direction is used as a permanent magnet constituting the magnet array. A neodymium magnet is a rare earth magnet mainly composed of iron (Fe), neodymium (Nd) and boron (B), and has the largest maximum energy product among the magnets currently available, and even a small magnet is strong in its surroundings. Magnetic flux density distribution can be obtained.
In addition, a rectangular parallelepiped magnet is formed into a large block shaped body by a transverse magnetic field press method suitable for increasing the degree of orientation, then sintered and heat treated, and then cut with an outer peripheral blade, an inner peripheral blade or a multi-wire saw. Therefore, a high-performance magnet can be produced with a high yield. In this respect, it is advantageous not only from the viewpoint of characteristics but also from the viewpoint of economy rather than using a magnet having a complicated shape such as an arc shape.
Combining a PG having a negative magnetic susceptibility with a large absolute value and a high performance neodymium magnet with a large maximum energy product makes it possible to cause magnetic levitation and travel with zero frictional force.

Further, the characteristics and shape of the neodymium magnet used will be described in detail below.
From equation (1), the magnetic levitation force of the diamagnetic material does not depend on the direction of the magnetic pole, but is proportional to the product of the magnetic flux density B of the magnet and the vertical gradient of the magnetic flux density, dB / dz.
Therefore, the neodymium magnet to be used is more desirable as it has a larger maximum energy product. Then, by arranging the magnetic poles of adjacent magnets to be opposite to each other, it is possible to provide a region on the magnet surface where the product of B and dB / dz is large, that is, the repulsive force is large.

Note that neodymium magnets include those in which heavy rare earth elements such as dysprosium (Dy) are substituted in order to increase heat resistance, that is, to increase coercive force that tends to decrease with temperature.
However, in the case of the apparatus of the present invention, the usage environment is room temperature, heat resistance is not particularly required, and it is not necessary to use a high coercivity magnet containing expensive Dy and Tb. A large maximum energy product is sufficient, and there is no problem if the coercive force is about 8 kOe or more, for example. In that case, it is not impossible to obtain a product having a maximum energy product exceeding 45 MGOe or 50 MGOe.

However, as the rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnet used in the present invention, for example, a magnet having a maximum energy product of 35 MGOe class can be used.
For example, even with a magnet with a maximum energy product of 35 MGOe class, if the thickness is 1.5 mm and three or more rows are arranged on a steel plate made of a soft magnetic material having a thickness of about 1 mm, a surface magnetic flux density of 370 mT can be obtained and 0.5 mm It was confirmed that the PG thin plate having a thickness can be lifted to a height of about 0.5 mm. If it is lifted by 0.5 mm, it can be lifted stably and run. Therefore, the present invention includes a case where a magnet having a maximum energy product of 35 MGOe class is used.

  The thickness of the neodymium magnet may be 1.5 mm or more from the above. Furthermore, in order to increase the repulsive force and stabilize the running of the PG thin plate, the thickness of the magnet is desirably 2 mm or more. On the other hand, as the thickness increases, the magnetic flux density tends to increase. However, as the thickness increases, the price of the magnet increases, and the magnetic attraction force increases, making it difficult to work on the base that also functions as a yoke. Therefore, the thickness is desirably 6 mm or less.

When the width of the neodymium magnet is narrow, the surface magnetic flux density tends to increase. However, when the width is narrow, the entire width is also narrowed, and the appearance as a scientific apparatus is inferior. Therefore, it is desirable that the width of the magnet be at least 3 mm.
On the other hand, the wider the magnet, the higher the price. Furthermore, the surface magnetic flux density tends to be low. In addition, the yoke thickness necessary for maximizing the magnet characteristics and increasing the magnetic flux density increases, and the weight of the entire apparatus increases. Further, as the thickness of the yoke, that is, the base material increases, cutting and bending, particularly processing for bending both sides in the width direction to incline and twisting at both ends become more difficult. Furthermore, as the width of the magnet is wider, the magnetic attraction force to the base of the magnet is also increased, making it difficult to arrange them. Therefore, the upper limit of the magnet width is desirably about 12 mm. More preferably, the width of the magnet is 4 mm or more and 10 mm or less.

The length of the neodymium magnet is preferably in the range of 1 to 4 times the width of the magnet, and more preferably 1.5 to 3 times the width, for the reasons described below.
Since the polarities of the magnet surfaces are arranged in the opposite direction in the width direction, they are attracted to each other and stabilized. However, in particular, in the linear traveling region excluding the turning inversion region of the PG thin plate near both ends in the longitudinal direction, magnets having the same polarity are arranged in the longitudinal direction, and thus repel each other. Still, since it is magnetically adsorbed to the base material, it is possible to adhere and fix each other by frictional force with the base material without using an adhesive. In order to effectively use such a frictional force, it is desirable that the length of the magnet be at least one times the width of the magnet. More desirably, it is 1.5 times or more.
On the other hand, as the length of the magnet is increased, the curved surface drawn by the surface of the magnet deviates from a smooth curved surface when arranged on a curved base material. Therefore, there is a tendency that the PG thin plate is not smoothly run. In addition, the magnetic attraction force to the base material is increased, making it difficult to arrange.
Further, particularly in a region where the curvature in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the base 2 is increased and the radius of curvature r is small, when the length of the magnet is increased, the distance between the bottom surface of the central portion in the length direction of each magnet and the base is increased. The gap becomes wider and the effect of the base as a yoke tends to decrease.
Considering the above, the length is desirably four times or less the width. More desirably, it is set to 3 times or less.
In particular, if the length is twice the width, the degree of freedom in the arrangement of the magnets in the swivel region of the PG thin plate near both ends increases, so it is selected as the optimum dimension.

The lengths of the neodymium magnets are not necessarily the same, and the case where different length magnets are used is also included in the scope of the present invention. However, considering the workability when arranging them, it is desirable to arrange magnets of the same length in the length direction. In particular, it is desirable to arrange magnets having the same length in the width direction.
Moreover, although it is necessary to make the magnet width the same in the same row, even if the width is changed in different rows, there is no problem in running the PG thin plate. Therefore, such a combination is also included in the present invention.

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view showing an example of the apparatus of the present invention, (b) is a front view, and FIG. 2 (a) is a line AA in FIG. 2B is a diagram schematically showing contour lines of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet surface.
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the apparatus 1 of the present invention has a rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnet 3 aligned in the thickness direction on the surface of a base 2 made of a soft magnetic steel sheet processed into a strip shape. 5 rows of magnet rows 4 are arranged. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the polarities of all magnet surfaces in each row are the same except for the magnets at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and the polarities of adjacent magnet surfaces in the width direction are arranged in opposite directions.

  As in the example shown in FIG. 1, when one or two magnets are arranged so that their polarities are opposite to each other in the row direction as well, both in the longitudinal direction as well as in the width direction. Because they are attracted and stabilized, the magnet can be firmly fixed to the base. Further, both end portions are portions for turning and reversing the PG thin plate 5 along the guide, and even if the magnets are combined and arranged in this way, there is no problem in traveling of the PG thin plate 5.

As shown in FIG. 1, arc-shaped guides 7 are provided on both surfaces in the longitudinal direction on the surface of the magnet array. In particular, in order to make the velocity vector of the PG thin plate 5 easily coincide with the direction of the magnet array, it is desirable that the end portion on the outlet side is formed in a J shape by providing a straight portion. A straight portion may be provided on the inlet side to form a U shape. The height of the guide 7 may be about 3 mm to 6 mm with a slight margin since the flying distance of the PG thin plate 5 is about 1 mm and the thickness is 0.3 to 1.5 mm.
When the guide is installed to reverse the traveling direction of the PG thin plate, the shape of the PG thin plate 5 is preferably circular or rotationally symmetric octagon. This is because, in the case of a circular or rotationally symmetric octagon, since it rotates when it comes into contact with the guide, a reduction in energy due to friction can be minimized. In this case, the entrance side of the guide is provided in the full width of the magnet row 4, and the exit side is the center of the longitudinal direction of the magnet whose center is the track, in accordance with the diameter of the circle or octagon circumscribed circle of the PG thin plate It is preferable to arrange so as to coincide with the line.

For example, if the guide is made of a ferritic stainless steel such as SUS430 using a thin plate having a thickness of about 0.5 to 1.0 mm, the guide can be magnetically attracted and fixed on the magnet. In that case, fine adjustment of the radius of curvature and the installation position of the arc portion of the guide 7 is facilitated while confirming the traveling of the PG thin plate 5.
By providing such guides 7 at both ends in the longitudinal direction, after the PG thin plate 5 that has been magnetically levitated has come into contact with the guide 7, it moves along the guide 7 and moves on the opposite side of the magnet array track. It is possible to continue running.

The soft magnetic material used as the base 2 is a strip-shaped thin steel plate made of soft steel or ferritic stainless steel that is easily attracted to a magnet and can be bent. In particular, ferritic stainless steel such as SUS430 is selected as an optimal material because it has both soft magnetism and sufficient corrosion resistance and does not require surface treatment such as plating.
If the thickness of the base 2 is, for example, 1 mm or more, the effect of increasing the magnetic flux density of the magnet, that is, the effect as a yoke material is increased, and at the same time, the strength as the base is sufficient. Furthermore, in order to increase the magnetic flux density of the magnet as the maximum energy product of the magnet used is larger, thicker and wider, it is desirable to increase the thickness of the base 2 which also functions as a yoke. On the other hand, when the thickness is increased, the weight of the entire apparatus increases and processing becomes difficult. Therefore, the thickness may be appropriately determined by considering the above factors with an upper limit of 3 mm.

As shown in FIG. 1B, the base 2 is formed in a curved shape so as to protrude downward in the longitudinal direction.
As the PG thin plate 5 approaches the end, kinetic energy is converted into potential energy, and the speed decreases. This is because as the speed decreases, it is possible to reduce energy loss when contacting the guide 7 and changing the direction, and the continuation of traveling becomes easier.

  Further, as a method of accelerating the PG thin plate 5 by blowing air from a nozzle provided in the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the magnet row, for example, when using an air blower for a lens cleaner as described later, the blowing timing does not match. Alternatively, even when the blowing pressure is insufficient and the traveling PG thin plate 5 does not reach the guide, the PG thin plate 5 reciprocates by its own weight on the same magnet row, so the timing when the PG thin plate 5 passes the tip of the nozzle, that is, the blowing position. This is because it can be accelerated and accelerated again. In this way, the PG thin plate 5 can be restarted without touching the hand, and the traveling with the trajectory changed can be resumed on the forward and return journeys.

With respect to the curvature of the base 2, for example, when machining into a circular arc shape with a uniform curvature radius r, if the length of the base is taken and the elevation angle corresponding to the circular arc after machining is 2α (radians), the following equation is established.
2αr = L
α = L / (2r)
The distance h between the straight line connecting both ends of the arc and the arc at the center is obtained by the following equation. Note that h corresponds to a drop at both ends with respect to the center.
h = r-rcosα = r (1-cosα)
= R (1-cos (L / 2r))
The gradient (slope) at both ends that is the largest is obtained by the following equation.
= Tan (α) = tan (L / 2r)

In consideration of the display effect, assuming that L is a reasonably long 300 mm, for example, when the curvature radius r is increased to 4000 mm, α is calculated as 0.0375 radians (2.15 degrees).
The distance h corresponding to the head is 2.8 mm, and the gradient tan (α) at both ends, which is the maximum gradient, is as small as 0.038. Therefore, when such a large radius of curvature is used, the traveling speed of the PG thin plate 5 becomes slow. Even so, it was confirmed that the reciprocating motion was successful without any friction.
However, when the curvature radius is further increased, the drop h at both ends is small, and the effect of converting and storing the kinetic energy of the PG thin plate 5 into potential energy is reduced.
Therefore, it is known that r is about 4000 mm or less, and it is desirable to increase the curvature more than that.

Similarly, when L is set to 300 mm, the curvature is increased and the curvature radius r is set to 1000 mm, α is 0.15 radians (8.6 degrees), and the distance h corresponding to the head is 11. The gradient tan (α) at both ends that is 2 mm and the maximum gradient is 0.15.
Even when the degree of curvature was increased to such a radius of curvature, it was confirmed that the PG thin plate 5 reciprocated without any problem. From the above, it is known that the radius of curvature when processing the entire base into a curved shape is desirably about 1000 mm to 4000 mm.

Further, when L is 50 mm and the radius of curvature r is 500 mm, the distance h corresponding to the head is obtained as 0.62 mm. The numerical value is smaller than about 1 mm of the flying distance on the magnet surface of the PG thin plate 5. This calculation result shows that the PG thin plate 5 does not contact the magnet surface if the longitudinal dimension of the PG thin plate 5 is 50 mm or less.
In addition, the PG currently available on the market is 50 mm (about 2 inches) at maximum.
Therefore, from this calculation result, it is known that when the curvature in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction is increased to reduce the curvature radius, the base may be molded with the lower limit of the curvature radius being about 500 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 1, in the linear travel region of the PG thin plate 5, the polarities of the surfaces in each neodymium magnet row are the same, and the polarities of the surfaces of adjacent magnet rows are arranged in opposite directions. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′ in FIG. 1B, and a rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnet 3 having opposite polarities is arranged in the width direction of the base 2. ) Of the magnet row 4). If the small-sized rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnet 3 is used, the magnet row 4 along the curved surface can be easily obtained even if the base 2 is a curved surface.

FIG. 2B is a diagram schematically showing the contour lines of the magnetic flux density generated on the magnet surface at this time with the horizontal axis as the width direction.
When the magnets are arranged in this way, a peak of magnetic flux density distribution is formed above the magnet row, and a valley of magnetic flux density distribution is formed near the boundary between the magnet rows having different polarities.
The repulsive force on the diamagnetic material by the magnetic field formed by the magnet is proportional to not only the magnetic flux density B but also the product of B and its vertical gradient dB / dz, B · dB / dz. However, as a result of experiments conducted by actually changing the size and arrangement of various magnets and also changing the size of PG, B · dB / dz tends to be similar to the magnetic flux density B (absolute value ignoring the polarity). It was known that Therefore, hereinafter, the stability of the floating position of the PG thin plate with the distribution of the magnetic flux density B will be described.

  In the apparatus of the present invention, the PG thin plate 5 goes straight on the track of one side of the magnet row in the width direction, reaches the end in the longitudinal direction, moves in the width direction along the guide 7, and moves on the track of another magnet row. Go straight in the opposite direction. In the straight traveling region on both sides in the width direction, the distribution of the magnetic flux density in the traveling direction, that is, the longitudinal direction needs to be constant in order to run smoothly. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange magnets having the same surface polarity in the longitudinal direction. And in order to make it hard to move to the width direction and to stabilize, magnetic flux density distribution needs to form a peak and a trough. For this purpose, it is necessary to arrange the magnets so that the polarities are different from each other in the width direction.

On the other hand, in the inversion region of the PG thin plate 5 in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction, the moving direction is mainly the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and it is not necessary to have the same magnet arrangement as in the straight traveling region.
However, in order to increase the repulsive force to the PG thin plate 5 and make it float, it is necessary to make the polarities of adjacent magnets different from each other. In such an arrangement, the magnets are magnetically attracted to each other, so that they can be easily arranged on the base.
When determining the arrangement of the magnets in the inversion regions of the PG thin plates 5 at both ends in the longitudinal direction, the magnets may be arranged in consideration of the above factors, and various selections are possible.

As described above, when the guides are installed at both ends in the longitudinal direction and the PG thin plate 5 is reversed and run in a circuit shape, a circular shape is selected as the optimum shape of the PG thin plate 5, and four corners of the square are further selected. A rotationally symmetric octagon cut off at 45 degrees with respect to each side is selected. The latter is also preferably a regular octagon or an octagon close to a regular octagon.
Hereinafter, an example in which a circular PG thin plate 5 is used as a diamagnetic material to be magnetically levitated will be described. The same explanation can be made for the rotationally symmetric octagon if the diameter of the circle is replaced with the diameter of the circumscribed circle.

For example, when the number of magnet rows in FIG. 2 is 5, the center of the circular PG thin plate 5 whose diameter is about twice the width w of the magnet is substantially coincident with the center line of the second magnet row from both sides in the width direction. When placed in such a manner, both ends of the PG thin plate 5 reach the peaks on both sides beyond the bottom of the density distribution of the magnet, and the PG thin plate 5 is stable in the width direction.
On the other hand, since the magnets having the same polarity are arranged in the longitudinal direction in the linear traveling area, the magnetic flux density is constant in the longitudinal direction, and the traveling can be performed smoothly.
As already described, since the repulsive force of the magnet to the diamagnetic material is not affected by the polarity of the magnet, the magnetic flux density distribution is drawn ignoring the polarity.

  In the case of FIG. 2, for example, the PG thin plate 5 travels on the second magnet row from one end in the forward path, changes direction along the guide when it contacts the guide 7, and the return path is second from the other end. Drive on the magnet row. In either case, both sides of the PG thin plate 5 are stably levitated in the width direction over the skirts of the peaks of the magnetic flux density distribution of the adjacent magnet rows.

In another apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, the base 21 is curved in a convex shape downward in the longitudinal direction, and the degree of curvature near both ends is more than the degree of curvature in the center. It is getting bigger.
The speed of the PG thin plate 5 in the straight traveling region can be maintained at a higher speed than when the entire base is molded in a curved shape with the same radius of curvature, and the damping just before the guide 7 is possible. Therefore, a sense of speed can be enhanced as a whole.

As described above, when the degree of curvature in the vicinity of both ends is increased, it is desirable that the curvature be less than about ½ of the radius of curvature at the center. In order to maintain the speed of the PG thin plate 5 at the center in the longitudinal direction on the magnet row and increase the deceleration effect near both ends, it is desirable to increase the curvature near both ends to more than twice the center. That is, it is desirable that the radius of curvature is ½ or less.
However, as described above, when the curvature radius is decreased and the curvature is increased, depending on the performance of the magnet constituting the magnet array, the thickness and the shape dimension of the PG thin plate 5, the curvature radius is up to about 500 mm. It has been found that it does not contact the magnet surface. Therefore, the lower limit of the radius of curvature is preferably about 500 mm.

When the PG thin plate 5 is run in a circuit shape, the magnets at both ends in the magnet row width direction play an important role in order to further stabilize the movement and prevent the PG thin plate 5 from falling off the magnet row.
For example, in the case of a five-row arrangement, five peaks are formed in the magnetic flux density distribution in the width direction. However, by simply arranging magnets having the same maximum energy product and the same shape and dimension, the peaks of the magnetic flux density distribution at both ends are lowered. And it turned out that the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet row | line | column inside that, ie, the magnet row | line | column with which the PG thin plate 5 drive | works, becomes the highest. FIG. 2B schematically shows such a state in the case of five magnet rows.
Therefore, for example, when the desk or table on which the apparatus of the present invention is placed is not sufficiently horizontal, or when the influence of wind from an air conditioner, a fan, or the like is unavoidable, the PG thin plate 5 can easily fall off from the magnet row. I understood. In particular, when air is blown out from the nozzle of the present invention to accelerate the PG thin plate 5 and reverse using a guide, the PG thin plate 5 is magnetized due to a slight deviation in the nozzle blowing direction and the adjustment of the blowing speed. It turned out that it was easy to deviate from the line.
There are the following three methods for improving such a problem and further enabling a stable reciprocating motion by making the PG thin plate 5 difficult to drop off.

For example, in the apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, a method of inclining the neodymium magnets 3 in the magnet rows at both ends in the magnet row width direction toward the inside can be employed. In this case, as a method of inclining inward, the base 22 shown in FIG. 4A is bent at both ends inward.
Here, it is appropriate that the angle to be inclined inward is 1 to 10 degrees.
This is because, for example, when a magnet having a width of 6 mm is used as a representative example and tilted by 10 degrees, the corner portions of the magnets at both ends are from the center of the magnet row,
6 mm x sin (10 degrees) = 1.04 mm
Ascending, it approaches the flying distance from the magnet of the PG thin plate. Therefore, the outer peripheral portion of the PG thin plate 5 is likely to come into contact with the magnet surface. If it touches, it will decelerate and stable running will become difficult. Further, when the apparatus is viewed from the side, the floating of the PG thin plate 5 becomes difficult to observe. Therefore, it is desirable to set it to 10 degrees or less. On the other hand, if it is 1 degree or less, the effect becomes insufficient.
With such an arrangement of magnets, for example, when the PG thin plate 5 is about to come off, the distance between the magnet surface and the PG thin plate 5 is shortened, the repulsive force is increased, and the PG thin plate 5 is tilted inward to the original position. It becomes easy to return to. That is, it becomes difficult to drop off, and stable running is possible.

Furthermore, in the apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4B, a method can be adopted in which magnets 31 having a maximum energy product larger than that of the central magnet are used as the magnets arranged at both ends in the magnet row width direction. . If it does in this way, naturally the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet of both ends will become higher.
In order to enhance such an effect, it is preferable that the maximum energy product of the magnets 31 at both ends is 3 MGOe or more than the maximum energy product of the magnet 3 in the center, and 5 MGOe or more to exhibit a sufficient effect. desirable.
By adopting such a magnet arrangement, the PG thin plate 5 is less likely to drop off from the magnet row, and more stable travel is possible.

FIG. 4C shows a cross-sectional view in the width direction of another method. In this method, magnets 32 having the same maximum energy product and thickness are used for the neodymium magnets at both ends in the magnet row width direction as compared with the neodymium magnet 3 inside. In this method, the magnet with the same maximum energy product has a higher magnetic flux density on the surface as the thickness is larger, so that the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution becomes higher. Further, in the drawing, the distance between the surface of the thick magnet 32 and the lower surface of the PG thin plate 5 that floats and passes therethrough is also shortened, so that the levitation force is further increased, and the PG thin plate 5 is inclined inward and is difficult to fall off. .
In addition, since the flying distance on the magnet of the PG thin plate 5 is around 1 mm, the difference in thickness of the magnet is 0.7 mm or less which is smaller than that, and 0.3 mm or more in order to exert a sufficient effect. Is desirable.

  The methods described above can be used in combination. For example, a method of inclining the magnet so as to form a downhill inward in the width direction and a method of combining a magnet having a larger maximum energy product can be employed. Alternatively, a thicker magnet and a larger maximum energy product can be used.

Next, the case where the number of magnet rows is five will be described in more detail.
As a result of actual experiments, in order to stably run on different tracks on the forward and return paths with a 5-row magnet arrangement, not only the magnets at both ends, but also the center magnets are devised. It was found that the running of the thin plate 5 was further stabilized.
As already described, when five rows of magnets having the same maximum energy product and the same shape are simply arranged, the peaks of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet rows at both ends are the lowest. As a result of the actual measurement, as schematically shown in FIG. 2B, the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the central magnet row is slightly larger than the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet row at both ends. Although higher, it is lower than the peaks of the magnetic flux density distribution on the second and fourth magnets from both sides, that is, from one side.
Therefore, for example, when reciprocating the PG thin plate 5 having a diameter of about twice the width of the magnet, the center magnet row is more stable than the second or fourth magnet row from one side, and the center It was found that there was a tendency to move on the magnet row.
When the PG thin plate 5 is run while changing the trajectory between the forward path and the return path, it travels on the second and fourth magnet rows, and at the same time measures against the magnet rows at both ends, as well as the central magnet that divides both raceways. It is desirable to take measures to further increase the distribution of magnetic flux density on the rows.

FIG. 5 shows a method of increasing the magnetic flux density on the surface of the central magnet row by using the base 22 that has been processed to bend both ends inward as the means of FIG.
In FIG. 5A, a neodymium magnet 31 having the same size and a large maximum energy product is disposed in the central neodymium magnet. In this case, in order to enhance the effect, the maximum energy product is set to 3 MGOe or more, more desirably 5 MGOe or more, larger than the adjacent magnets.
In FIG. 5B, a thick neodymium magnet 32 having the same maximum energy product thickness is arranged in the central neodymium magnet.
In addition, since the flying distance on the magnet of the PG thin plate 5 is around 1 mm, the difference in thickness of the magnet is 0.7 mm or less which is smaller than that, and 0.3 mm or more in order to exert a sufficient effect. Is desirable.
In FIG. 5C, a magnet having the same maximum energy product and the same thickness is used as the central neodymium magnet, and a spacer 6 made of a soft magnetic material is laid on the lower side to raise the height of the magnet surface. In this case also, for the same reason, the thickness of the spacer 6 is desirably 0.3 mm or more and 0.7 mm or less.

In the method of FIG. 5 (b), by using a thick magnet as the central magnet, the surface magnetic flux density on the magnet increases, and the distance between the lower surface of the PG thin plate 5 levitating above and the magnet is also increased. Since it becomes shorter, the repulsive force can be increased, and the function as a partition when the PG thin plate 5 travels on different paths on the forward path and the return path can be increased.
In the method of FIG. 5 (c), in addition to the effect of increasing the thickness of the yoke, the distance between the magnet and the lower surface of the PG thin plate 5 that floats and passes over it is shortened as in the case of (b). And the function as a partition when the PG thin plate 5 travels on different tracks on the forward path and the return path can be increased.

  As described above, the method of increasing the magnetic flux density on the surface of the central magnet row has been described by giving the case of using the base 22 that has been processed to bend both ends inward as the means of FIG. 4 (b) and (c) can be combined with these methods.

  As described above, in the present invention, each magnet at both ends in the width direction of the magnet row is inclined toward the center in the width direction, or the maximum energy product of each magnet at both ends in the width direction of the magnet row is Is larger than the maximum energy product of the magnets inside each other, or the surface height of each magnet at both ends in the width direction of the magnet row is higher than the surface height of each magnet inside them, at least one or more The PG thin plate 5 is less likely to drop off from the magnet array and can be stably driven by satisfying the above-described configuration requirements.

  Further, in the case of the 5-row arrangement, the thickness of the magnet in the center magnet row is made thicker than the thickness of the magnets on both sides, or a spacer made of a soft magnetic material is placed on the lower side to increase the height of the magnet surface. Alternatively, by using a magnet with a larger maximum energy product, the magnetic flux density on the central magnet row is increased, the effect of the partition is enhanced, and the PG thin plate 5 travels on different paths on the forward and return paths. It can be made more stable.

  Although the case where the number of magnet rows is 5 has been described, the same applies to odd rows of 7 or more. For example, in the case of seven rows, the fourth magnet row at the center is the magnet row that divides the straight traveling regions on both sides of the fifth magnet row in the case of nine rows. Therefore, as in the case of the five-row arrangement, a measure for increasing the magnetic flux density on the individual magnet surfaces of these central magnet rows is effective.

In the above, the case of the odd-numbered row arrangement centering on the 5-row arrangement has been described. Next, the case of the 6-row arrangement will be described in detail as an example of the even-numbered row arrangement.
Similarly to the case where five rows are arranged, when six rows of magnets having the same maximum energy product having the same shape are simply arranged, the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet rows at both ends is the lowest. As a result of actual measurement, the peaks of the magnetic flux density distribution on the third and fourth magnet rows in the center are slightly higher than the peaks of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet rows at both ends, but they are adjacent to each other. That is, it becomes lower than the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the second and fifth magnets from one side.
Therefore, for example, when the PG thin plate 5 having a diameter of about twice the width of the magnet is reciprocated, the two magnet rows in the center are higher than on the second or fifth magnet row from the one side having the highest surface magnetic flux density. It turned out that the upper one is more stable and tends to move there.
When the PG thin plate 5 is reciprocated on different tracks, the PG thin plate 5 is moved on the second and fifth magnet rows. At the same time, the two magnets at the center that separates both tracks at the same time as measures against the magnet rows at both ends. It is desirable to take measures in the direction of increasing the magnetic flux density distribution on the rows, that is, the third and fourth magnet rows.

In the case of the 6-row arrangement, the function of dividing the trajectory can be enhanced by increasing the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet rows in the same manner as the method adopted in the case of the 5-row arrangement.
As an example, a cross-sectional view in the width direction of an example in which a base 23 processed so as to bend and incline at both ends is used as a base and a magnet 31 having a larger maximum energy product is used in FIG. (B) is a cross-sectional view in the width direction of an example using a thicker magnet 32 with the same maximum energy product, and (c) is a spacer 61 laid with a magnet 3 having the same maximum energy product and the same thickness. A cross-sectional view in the width direction of an example in which the surface is raised is shown.
In any case, for the same reason as in the case of the 5-row arrangement, in (a), the maximum energy product is 3 MGOe or more, more preferably 5 MGOe or more larger than the magnets 3 in the second and fifth rows, In (b), it is desirable that the thickness of the magnet is thicker in the range of 0.3 mm or more and 0.7 mm or less, and in (c), it is also desirable to use the spacer 61 having a thickness of 0.3 mm or more and 0.7 mm or less.
By doing so, for example, the circular PG thin plate 5 having a diameter of about twice the width w of the magnet can be used as a device that stably travels in a circuit shape by changing the track between the forward path and the return path. .

Further, in the case of the six-row arrangement, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 (d), for example, a spacer 62 made of a soft magnetic material whose both sides are processed into a wedge shape is arranged below the two central magnet rows, It is possible to adopt a method in which the magnets in the magnet array are inclined outward.
The upper limit of the tilt angle on both sides of the spacer 62 is set to 10 degrees for the same reason that the tilt angles of the magnets at both ends in the width direction are determined. The lower limit is preferably about 5 degrees or more in consideration of ease of processing. The width of the spacer may be appropriately shorter than twice the width w of the magnet so that both ends do not become knife edges. (D1) and (d2) are enlarged sectional views of the spacer 62 having knife edges at both ends and the spacer 621 manufactured so as not to become a knife edge by reducing the width.

The case where the PG thin plate 5 goes straight on the magnet row has been described above. Next, the behavior when the PG thin plate 5 contacts the guides 7 at both ends of the base will be described.
Since the PG thin plate 5 is magnetically levitated, there is no frictional resistance. Therefore, it travels smoothly on the magnet array and travels to the guide while converting the maximum kinetic energy at the center in the longitudinal direction into potential energy. Since the PG thin plate 5 is circular and the guide 7 also has an arc shape, the PG thin plate 5 moves smoothly along the guide 7 as it is, changes to the track of the adjacent magnet row, and runs in the opposite direction.
Only the end of the PG thin plate 5 comes into contact with the guide 7. Since the speed is also reduced and the motor rotates, the energy loss during the direction change can be kept extremely low.
When the PG thin plate 5 is a rotationally symmetric octagon, the trajectory can be changed along the guide in almost the same manner as in the case of the circular shape.

Next, an example will be described in which the magnet rows are arranged in even rows and are divided and spread at the center in the width direction to provide a circuit-like running track with a gap of one or more magnets.
7 (a), (b), and (c), an example in which a circuit-like traveling track is formed by providing a gap of one magnet width, two magnets, and three magnets at the center of six magnet arrays. The top view of is shown. However, only one side at both ends in the longitudinal direction is shown, and the upper side in the figure is one end. The lattice pattern and the diagonal lattice pattern indicate a difference in polarity NS on the magnet surface.
In any case, in the portion where the guide is installed, three pieces are arranged in the longitudinal direction so that the polarities of the magnet surfaces in the width direction are alternately reversed. And about the magnet of the extreme end of the longitudinal direction, it is installed so that the polarity may be opposite also in the longitudinal direction. This is because such an arrangement is desirable because adjacent magnets not only in the width direction but also in the longitudinal direction are not repelled and are attracted and stabilized.

In either case, arc-shaped guides 71, 72, 73 are provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the magnet row. It is desirable that the guide is formed in a J shape by providing, for example, a straight portion of about 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less on the outlet side. A straight portion may be provided on the inlet side to form a U shape.
As shown in the figure, the guide has a wide opening on the inlet side of the PG thin plate 5 and the center of the PG thin plate 5 coincides with the center line of the magnet row that forms the track on the outlet side with the outer periphery of the PG thin plate 5 in contact with the guide. It is desirable to install so as to.
The number of magnets in the length direction of the portion that fills the gaps at both ends of the magnet row is only required to secure a width necessary for the PG thin plate 5 to travel, and in each case, the number is set to three. .
By adopting such a magnet arrangement, the PG thin plate 5 that has traveled magnetically levitated in a straight traveling region turns along a guide 71, 72, or 73 disposed at both ends in the longitudinal direction to form a magnet row that forms a traveling track. It becomes possible to change.
Even in these cases, the above-mentioned countermeasure means for ensuring stable traveling, that is, the maximum energy product of the magnets on both sides of the linear traveling track portion constituted by three rows of magnets is increased, or the thickness is increased. Any of the means such as slanting or inclining inward can be effectively employed.

Next, FIGS. 8A and 8B show another example of a magnet row arrangement in which a gap for two rows of magnet rows is provided at the center. (A) is a modification of FIG. 7 (b), and shows an example in which four rows of magnets whose directions are rotated by 90 degrees are arranged in the gap portion. FIG. 8B shows an example in which the number of magnets rotated 90 degrees is doubled in the width direction.
As shown in the figure, the magnets arranged at right angles are arranged such that the polarities of the surfaces of the magnets are opposite to each other in at least one direction. As a result, the levitation force of the PG thin plate 5 can be increased, and the PG thin plate 5 can be smoothly moved along the guide 72.
And the number of the magnets to be arranged only needs to ensure a sufficient width for the PG thin plate 5 to pass through.
As long as the magnets are arranged so as to satisfy such conditions, the PG thin plate 5 smoothly moves along the guide and continues to run stably by changing the direction, not limited to the arrangement examples shown in FIGS. Is possible.

When using a circuit-like traveling track magnet array in which a gap is provided between the above-described straight traveling area of the forward path and the returning path, in order to ensure stable traveling of the PG thin plate 5 in the linear traveling area constituted by three magnet arrays. It is effective to adopt the measures for the magnets on both sides in the magnet row width direction described above.
As an example, FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a straight traveling region of the PG thin plate 5 of an example in which magnets at both ends in the width direction are inclined inward. In this example, both ends of the base are bent inward. For the straight running area, both sides made of soft magnetic material are wedge-shaped on the lower side of the third magnet row from both ends in the width direction. The spacers 63 are inserted and tilted so that the magnet surfaces of the respective magnet rows are descended outward.
It should be noted that the width of the spacer may be appropriately shorter than four times the width w of the magnet so that both ends do not become knife edges. (B1) and (b2) are sectional views of the spacer 631 manufactured so that the both ends are narrower than the knife edge spacer 63 and the knife edge is not formed.

  As described above, the example in which the number of magnet rows is 6 rows, that is, one side of the linear travel area is composed of 3 magnet rows has been described. That is, the same applies to the case where the straight running area on one side is composed of five rows. In these cases as well, the various measures listed for the purpose of stabilizing the PG thin plate 5 in the width direction can be effectively applied to the magnet rows at both ends of the above-described linear traveling region.

Next, a system in which both ends of the base are twisted so as to form a downhill in the movement direction in the width direction of the PG thin plate 5 will be described.
In this method, when the PG thin plate 5 that travels in a straight line decelerates, that is, moves closer to the base end while changing the kinetic energy into potential energy, it can be moved in the downhill direction, that is, the base width direction. When the PG thin plate 5 moves in the width direction, it strikes the side wall, changes direction, and can continue running in the longitudinal direction of the base.

  By adjusting the degree of twist, the time for which the PG thin plate 5 hits the side wall and makes contact with the side wall is extremely short, and thereafter it can be made non-contact. Therefore, energy loss due to contact with the side wall is extremely small, and continuous running of the PG thin plate 5 is facilitated.

As described above, in the method in which the both ends of the base are twisted, the speed vector component in the width direction is reduced to zero when the PG thin plate 5 approaches the both ends of the base, the speed decreases, and the traveling direction is changed to the width direction. For this purpose, a side wall is provided along the side surface of the magnet array. The side wall is installed at least in a region where the PG thin plate 5 changes direction. Furthermore, it is more preferable that the PG thin plate 5 to be described later is installed on the entire circumference including both ends in the longitudinal direction because the degree of freedom of the shape and dimensions of the PG thin plate 5 described later is increased.
Since the flying distance of the magnet surface of the PG thin plate 5 is about 1 mm, the height of the side wall from the magnet surface is preferably about 2 mm or higher, which is higher than that. For example, a plastic such as acrylic can be used.

FIG. 10 schematically shows a front view of a system in which both ends of the base 24 are twisted. However, for the sake of clarity, the side wall disposed on the side surface of the magnet is not drawn. Also, no line identifying the magnet row is drawn.
FIG. 11 shows an example in which the number of magnet rows is 6 and both ends of the base are bent so that the surfaces of the magnet rows at both ends are descended inward in order in the longitudinal direction.
(A) the end, (b) the middle of the end and the center, (c) the center, (d) the middle of the other end and the center, (e) the other end,
Sectional drawing in the position of is shown typically.

Of these devices, among the countermeasures for ensuring the stable running of the PG thin plate 5 already described, for the magnet rows at both ends in the width direction,
(1) It inclines so that it may become low toward the center of the width direction.
(2) A magnet having a maximum energy product larger than the maximum energy product of each magnet in the inner magnet row is arranged.
(3) The magnet is thicker than each magnet in the inner magnet row.
Such means can be effectively employed.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which both sides of the base in the width direction are bent at about 8 degrees. An example in which the inclination angle in the width direction by twisting at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the base is about 3 degrees in the vicinity of both ends is shown. These angles are about 1 degree at the positions (b) and (d).
Even at such an inclination angle, since the PG thin plate 5 is magnetically levitated and has no frictional resistance with the magnet surface, it can be moved to the lower side. That is, it is possible to change the magnet row that moves in the width direction and changes direction. When it moves, it hits the side wall for a moment, but by optimizing the shape and dimensions of the PG thin plate 5 described later, that is, by selecting so as not to contact the side wall in a stable state in the width direction, The traveling can be completely non-contact.

Furthermore, when the magnet row is an odd row, each magnet of one central magnet row in the linear running area of the PG thin plate 5 excluding the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction, and when the magnet row is an even row, the center two Each magnet in the magnet row is compared to the magnet in the adjacent magnet row outside in the width direction thereof,
(1) Maximum energy product is larger,
(2) The surface is high by using a magnet having a larger thickness or through a yoke thin plate on the lower side of the magnet row,
By adopting such means, in a straight traveling region, it becomes difficult to come off inward in the width direction from above the magnet row that becomes the track, and more stable traveling is possible.

FIG. 11 shows an example in which both ends of the base are twisted, and the inclination angle in the width direction of the base due to twisting of both ends is about 3 degrees. The optimum range of this inclination angle depends on the inward inclination of the magnet rows at both ends in the width direction, improvement measures such as selection of a magnet having a larger maximum energy product or selection of a thicker magnet, or the shape and size of the PG thin plate 5 However, since it also changes depending on the acceleration method and conditions of the PG thin plate 5 to be described later, it is desirable to actually manufacture and adjust.
When the thickness of the base material is, for example, about 1 mm to 2 mm, the twist angle can be adjusted by appropriately protecting the magnet surface and selecting a processing tool even after the magnets are arranged on the base. .

The PG thin plate 5 used in the present invention preferably has a thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 mm.
The magnetic repulsive force effectively acts on PG up to a thickness of about 0.5 mm, and when it is thicker than that, the weight is simply increased and the magnetic levitation distance is shortened. Furthermore, PG is expensive due to its manufacturing method, and increases in proportion to the thickness. Therefore, the thickness is desirably 1.5 mm or less.
On the other hand, it is difficult to process to 0.3 mm or less, and the strength is also lowered and cracking easily occurs. Further, the resistance when the PG thin plate 5 travels is mostly air resistance, which hardly depends on the thickness and increases in proportion to the surface area. On the other hand, since the kinetic energy of the PG thin plate 5 is proportional to the weight, that is, the thickness, a moderately thicker one is easier to travel against the air resistance and is less susceptible to crosswinds.
From the above, considering these factors comprehensively, it is desirable that the thickness be 0.3 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less.

Next, the planar shape of the PG thin plate 5 will be described.
In the method of using an arc guide to invert the PG thin plate 5 of the present invention, the PG thin plate 5 to be used is as follows:
When the width of the magnet is w and the number of magnets is an odd number (2n + 1) or even number (2n + 2), where n is an integer of 2 or more,
(1) A circle having a diameter of 1.5 w or more and (n + 0.3) w or less,
Or
(2) A rotationally symmetric octagon in which four corners of a square are cut at 45 degrees with respect to each side, and an octagon including a regular octagon having a circumscribed circle diameter of 1.5 w or more and (n + 0.3) w or less. Can be used.

For example, when n is 2, that is, the number of magnet rows is 5 and 6, the diameter is 1.5 to 2.3 times the width of the magnet, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle is 1.5 to 2 of the magnet width. Octagons including triple regular octagons can be used.
With such a shape and dimension, the PG thin plate 5 covers the magnetic flux density peak on the magnet array that becomes the track, crosses the valley of the magnetic flux density with the adjacent magnet array, and at each foot on both sides. It can be applied and stabilized in the width direction. If it is less than 1.5 times the magnet width, the extent of the bottom is insufficient and unstable. The upper limit is set to 2.3 times. At 2 times or more, the end exceeds the peak on the adjacent magnet array on both sides, but in the case of a circle or octagon, the area of the exceeding part is small. This is to stabilize to a certain extent.
Further, the circular or rotationally symmetric octagon has an advantage that speed is less likely to be attenuated compared to friction caused by sliding when rotating in contact with the guide and changing direction.

Further, when n is 3, that is, the number of magnet rows is 7 and 8, the diameter is a circle 1.5 to 3.3 times the width of the magnet, and the diameter of the circumscribed circle is 1.5 to 3 of the magnet width. Octagons including triple regular octagons can be used.
For example, in the case of a 3.3 times circular shape, the PG thin plate 5 crosses the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the two magnet arrays, and further reaches the peak beyond the skirt of the magnetic flux density distribution of the magnet arrays on both sides thereof. This is to stabilize in the width direction.
The same applies when n is 4 or more.

In the method in which the both ends of the base are twisted to reversely run the PG thin plate of the present invention at both ends in the longitudinal direction, the width of the magnet is w and the number of rows of magnets is m (where m is 5 or more). Integer), and the shape in the plan view is
(1) A circle having a diameter of 1.5 w or more and (m-2.5) w or less,
(2) A square whose side is 1.5 w or more and (m−2.5) w or less,
(3) A rectangle having a short side of 1.5 w or more and (m−2.5) w or less,
(4) Any of polygons having a circumscribed circle diameter of 1.5 w or more and (m−2.5) w or less can be used.
In this method, the speed decreases when approaching both ends in the longitudinal direction, and the PG thin plate 5 is not limited to a circular or rotationally symmetric octagon, and the size is also proportional to the number of columns. The large one can be selected.
The factor that determines the upper limit of the dimension is that if it is larger than the above dimension, for example, if acceleration nozzles are installed on both sides of the central part in the longitudinal direction, the influence from the opposite nozzle before the PG thin plate 5 is accelerated. This is because it becomes more susceptible to deceleration and slows down, making it difficult to continue running.

In the apparatus of the present invention, in order to maintain the circuit-like traveling of the PG thin plate 5, a blowing nozzle for sending wind to one place or two or more places in the linear traveling area on the magnet row is provided to accelerate the PG thin plate 5. This is effective.
Since the PG thin plate 5 is floating, there is no frictional resistance with the magnet that becomes the orbit, but the PG thin plate 5 is decelerated mainly by air resistance, more strictly, by eddy current loss although its degree is small.
Furthermore, in the method in which the arc-shaped guide is provided, energy is attenuated when the vehicle turns while contacting the guide.
On the other hand, in the method in which both ends of the base are twisted, the PG thin plate 5 approaches the end in the longitudinal direction, moves in the width direction, and instantaneously hits the side wall, so that energy is attenuated.

Therefore, during traveling, air is blown from behind the PG thin plate 5 and accelerated, whereby the turning traveling can be continued for a long time, and the demonstration effect can be further enhanced.
The example which provided the ventilation nozzle 9 in the both sides of the longitudinal direction center part of the base in FIG. 12 is shown with (a) top view and (b) front view, respectively. In the example shown in FIG. 12, two small-diameter pipes are extended to the left and right from the fixed portion 10 provided at one place so as to accelerate from obliquely upward so as not to affect the traveling of the PG thin plate 5 that travels linearly. It is configured.
FIG. 13 shows a plan view of an example in which one blowing nozzle is incorporated from each of two fixing portions.

The amount of air blown from the nozzle may be small, and for example, an electric air pump used to blow air into an aquarium for appreciation fish can be used. Alternatively, it is possible to manually accelerate using a rubber blower used for cleaning a camera lens or the like.
When the PG thin plate 5 is accelerated using a blower manually, air is blown in line with the timing of passing through the nozzle tip.
On the other hand, when an electric air pump is used, air is constantly blown from the nozzle, and is accelerated when the PG thin plate 5 passes near the tip of the nozzle. A sensor for detecting the position of the PG thin plate 5 and a control mechanism such as sending air in anticipation of timing are not required, and the cost of the entire apparatus can be kept low.

Next, the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
A SUS430 stainless steel plate having a thickness of 2 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a length of 380 mm was prepared as a base material. The base 2 was formed in a curved shape on the lower side so that the radius of curvature was approximately 2000 mm.
As the neodymium magnet forming the magnet row, a magnet having a thickness of 3 mm, a width of 6 mm, a length of 12 mm and a magnetic field orientation in the thickness direction of 47 MGOe was used.
In the same manner as shown in FIG. 1, five rows of magnet rows 4 in which 30 rectangular neodymium magnets 3 are arranged in the longitudinal direction are arranged on the curved surface inside the base. The magnets 3 arranged at both ends in the width direction of the base were arranged so that the N poles face upward and the polarities of the magnet rows in the width direction were alternately reversed. However, the magnets 3 in each row at both ends in the longitudinal direction are arranged so that the polarities of the surfaces of the magnets 3 are opposite also in the longitudinal direction in order to prevent spreading in the longitudinal direction due to repulsion.

The magnetic flux density distribution on the surface in the width direction of the magnet array arranged in this way was measured. A simple magnetic flux density measuring device (Kanetech Teslameter TM-701) was used for the measurement. The measurement was performed while the Hall element at the tip of the probe fixed to the XY stage was brought into contact with the magnet surface and moved in the width direction of the magnet array.
Further, a magnetic flux density distribution 1 mm above the surface of the magnet was also measured by placing a thin aluminum plate having a thickness of 1.0 mm on the magnet and pressing the Hall element at the tip of the probe from above. The reason why the height is 1 mm above the surface of the magnet is that the flying distance on the PG magnet is around 1 mm.

Furthermore, the maximum value of the magnetic flux density on the magnet array was measured. The measurement was performed 5 times. The average values of the maximum values of magnetic flux density on the first to fifth magnet rows counted from one side are P1 to P5, respectively, those values, the average values of P2 and P4, and the average values of P1 and P2. Difference between
ΔP = (P2 + P4) / 2− (P1 + P2) / 2
And the difference between the average value of P2 and P4 and P3,
ΔP ′ = (P2 + P4) / 2−P3
Are also shown in the table.
The smaller the value of ΔP, the more difficult it is to drop out to the outside in the width direction when the PG thin plate 5 travels on the magnet array, and this can be taken as a guide. As the value of ΔP ′ is smaller, the effect of dividing each track is increased when the PG thin plate 5 travels on the magnet array. This makes it difficult for the PG thin plate 5 to move to the central magnet row, and enables stable linear travel. It can be considered that it shows such a guide.

FIG. 14 shows the measurement result of the density distribution in the width direction, and Table 1 shows the measurement result of the maximum value of the magnetic flux density. In FIG. 14, the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet surface is indicated by a solid line, and the magnetic flux density distribution above 1 mm is indicated by a dotted line.
As shown in FIG. 14, the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet surface forms a high peak on the magnet array, and forms a valley at the boundary of the magnet array. As already described, since the repulsive force of the magnet to the diamagnetic material does not depend on the polarity of the magnet, the polarity on the surface of the magnet is not distinguished.

14 and Table 1, the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnet rows at both ends is low, and the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the magnets in the second row and the fourth row counting from the inside, that is, one side is the highest. I understand. It can be seen that the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on the central magnet row is also lower than the peak of the magnetic flux density distribution on both adjacent magnet rows.
Nevertheless, it was confirmed that the PG thin plate 5 having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of 12 mm was stably reciprocated on the second or fourth magnet row in the width direction on the prepared magnet row.

  Further, J-shaped guides 7 having arcs and straight portions similar to those shown in FIG. 1 at both ends were manufactured and set using a SUS430 stainless steel thin plate having a thickness of 0.5 mm. The height was 4 mm. Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the nozzle 9 for blowing air was set. The nozzle 9 was produced using a thin copper pipe having an outer diameter of 2 mm and an inner diameter of 1 mm.

  A PG thin plate 5 having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 12 mm was placed on the second magnet row, reciprocated, and air was blown in using a blower to accelerate the PG thin plate 5 with the timing of passing through the tip of the nozzle. . The PG thin plate 5 reaches the guide 7 while decelerating, reverses along the guide 7, moves onto the fourth magnet row, and travels in a straight line. Furthermore, in anticipation of the timing of passing through the tip of another nozzle, air is blown and accelerated using a blower, so that it moves along the opposite guide 7 onto the original second magnet row and forms a straight line. Drive to. Thereafter, by repeating the same operation, it was confirmed that the trains were continuously moved in the form of a circuit by changing the magnet rows as tracks on the forward and return paths.

  Even when the timing of blowing does not match or acceleration due to blowing is insufficient and the PG thin plate 5 does not reach the guide 7, the base is curved, so the PG thin plate 5 repeats reciprocating motion. Therefore, it was possible to repeat the acceleration with the timing again.

Using the same base as in Example 1, only the following points were changed to form a magnet array.
A 40 MGOe Nd-based magnet was arranged in the even rows, that is, the second and fourth rows, which are the traveling trajectory of the PG thin plate 5, instead of the magnet having a maximum energy product of 47 MGOe.
From Example 1, it was confirmed that the PG thin plate 5 traveled more stably.

Using the same base as in Example 1, only the following points were changed to form a magnet array.
An Nd magnet having a thickness of 0.5 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, with the same maximum energy product, in an even number of rows, i.e., two and four rows, which are traveling tracks of the G thin plate 51 having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 12 mm. Arranged.
As in Example 2, it was confirmed that the PG thin plate 5 traveled more stably than in Example 1.

A SUS430 stainless steel plate having a thickness of 2 mm, a width of 40 mm, and a length of 380 mm was prepared as a base material. As in the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 5 (c), the base is bent so that the center in the width direction is 19 mm and both sides are downhill about 8 degrees inward, and then the radius of curvature of the central portion in the longitudinal direction is approximately A material having a curved surface so that the radius of curvature in the vicinity of both ends is about 1000 mm is used.
The same magnet as in Example 1 was used as the neodymium magnet forming the magnet row.
Arranged on the curved surface inside the base in the same manner as in Example 1. However, for the linear running area of the PG thin plate 5 excluding the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction, a 0.5 mm thick SUS430 spacer is laid under the third magnet row at the center in the width direction, The surface was made higher by that amount.

The magnetic flux density distribution in the width direction of the magnet array arranged in this way was measured by the same method as in Example 1, and the result is shown in FIG. 15 together with the measurement position. However, since the contour line in the width direction of the magnet surface is not flat, the measurement position was set on a parallel line 1 mm above the second and fourth magnet surfaces in the width direction. The reason why the height is set to 1 mm is that the flying distance of the PG thin plate 5 from the magnet surface is about 1 mm.
For comparison, on a parallel line 1 mm above the magnet surface when magnets having the same characteristics and the same dimensions are arranged on a flat SUS430 stainless steel plate of the same thickness and width so that the magnet surfaces are all flat. The measurement result of the magnetic flux density, that is, the data indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 14 is also shown in FIG. 15B for comparison.

Since both ends of the base 21 are bent and the surface of the magnet disposed on the base 21 is inclined inward, the magnetic flux density on the magnets at both ends in the width direction is higher than that in the case of flat installation without improvement measures. I understand that. When the PG thin plate 5 runs on the magnet row, the closer to the end in the width direction, the shorter the distance between the end of the PG thin plate 5 and the magnet surface, the repulsive force increases, and the tilt returns to the original trajectory. That is, it stabilizes in the width direction.
Moreover, it turns out that the magnetic flux density on the magnet row | line | column of a center part is also high because the distance with a magnet surface becomes short. It can be seen that the effect of dividing the track of the two straight traveling areas is increasing.

It was confirmed that the PG thin plate 5 having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of 12 mm was stably reciprocated on the second or fourth magnet row in the width direction on the prepared magnet row.
Further, a J-shaped guide 7 composed of an arc and a straight line portion and an air blowing nozzle 9 were set at both ends in the same manner as in Example 1.
For supplying air, an air pump, which is commercially available for use as a tank for a commercially available ornamental fish and has an unloaded flow rate of 5 L / min, was used.
When the PG thin plate 5 having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of 12 mm is placed on the second magnet row in the width direction and separated from the end, it starts to travel, and then is accelerated by blowing air from the nozzle to reach the guide. I swung along the inside and continued to run on the second and fourth magnet rows in a circuit.

A SUS430 stainless steel plate having a thickness of 2 mm, a width of 46 mm, and a length of 380 mm was prepared as a base material. After the base is bent to leave the center 31 mm in the width direction and both sides are downhill about 8 degrees inward, the radius of curvature at the center in the longitudinal direction is approximately 2500 mm, and the radius of curvature near both ends is approximately 1000 mm. Thus, a curved surface processed was used.
The same magnet as Example 1 was used as a neodymium magnet which forms a magnet row.
Six rows of magnets in which 30 rectangular neodymium magnets were arranged in the longitudinal direction were arranged on the curved surface inside the base. The magnets arranged in the first row in the width direction of the base were arranged so that the N poles face upward and the polarities of the magnet rows in the width direction were alternately reversed. When arranging, as in the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 6C, except for the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction, a thickness of 0.5 mm is provided below the third and fourth magnet rows. A spacer made of SUS430 was laid to make the surface higher by that amount.

The magnetic flux density distribution in the width direction of the magnet array arranged in this way was measured by the same method as in Example 4, and the result was shown in FIG. 16 together with the measurement position.
For comparison, on a parallel line 1 mm above the magnet surface when magnets having the same characteristics and the same dimensions are arranged on a flat SUS430 stainless steel plate of the same thickness and width so that the magnet surfaces are all flat. The measurement result of the magnetic flux density is also shown by a dotted line for comparison.

Similar to the fourth embodiment, both ends of the base 21 are bent, and the surface of the magnet disposed on the base 21 is inclined inward, so that the magnetic flux density on the magnets on both ends is larger than that in the case where the magnets are installed flat without countermeasures. The PG thin plate 5 is stable in the width direction and hardly protrudes.
In addition, the magnetic flux density on the two magnet rows in the central part is also high, and it can be seen that the effect of separating the tracks of the two linear traveling areas is increasing.

It was confirmed that the PG thin plate 5 having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of 12 mm was stably reciprocated on the second or fifth magnet row in the width direction on the prepared magnet row.
Further, a J-shaped guide 7 composed of an arc and a straight line portion and an air blowing nozzle 9 were set at both ends in the same manner as in Example 1. However, the inner diameter of the arc of the guide 7 is adjusted according to the number of magnet rows, and the blowing position of the nozzle is the center in the width direction of the magnets of the second and fifth magnet rows in the width direction, which is the travel path of the PG thin plate 5. Installed according to the line.
For supplying air, an air pump having the same flow rate as in Example 4 at 5 L / min was used.
When the PG thin plate 5 having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of 12 mm is placed on the second magnet row in the width direction and separated from the end, it starts to travel, and then is accelerated by blowing air from the nozzle to reach the guide. I swung along the inside and continued to run on the second and fifth magnet rows in a circuit.

A SUS430 stainless steel plate having a thickness of 2 mm, a width of 60 mm, and a length of 380 mm was prepared as a base material. After the base is bent so that it has a center of 37 mm in the width direction and both sides are downhill about 8 degrees inward, the radius of curvature at the center in the longitudinal direction is approximately 2500 mm, and the radius of curvature near both ends is approximately 1000 mm. Thus, a curved surface processed was used.
The linear traveling area of the PG thin plate 5 is composed of two sets of three magnet rows arranged in parallel, leaving a space portion corresponding to two magnet widths in between, and for both ends in the longitudinal direction, The magnet arrangement on one side was the same as that shown in FIG. 7B, while the opposite side was arranged so that the magnet arrangement was the same as that shown in FIG. 8B.
9 is a cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 9 such that the magnet surface has a downward slope with an inclination angle of 8 degrees toward the outside below the third magnet row from both ends in the width direction of the linear traveling area of the PG thin plate 5. A spacer made of SUS430 processed in the same manner as above was prepared and spread.

Furthermore, a J-shaped guide consisting of an arc and a straight line portion and an air blowing nozzle were set. However, in the guide 72, as shown in FIG. 7B, the inner diameter of the arc is adjusted in accordance with the number of magnet rows, and the tip of the nozzle is composed of three rows each serving as a traveling track of the PG thin plate 5. It was installed according to the center line of the magnet row at the center of the magnet row.
For air supply, an air pump that is commercially available for use as a tank for a commercially available ornamental fish and that can adjust the flow rate at a maximum flow rate of 5 L / min in an unloaded state was used.

When the PG thin plate 5 having a thickness of 1.0 mm and a diameter of 12 mm is placed on the second magnet row in the width direction and separated from the end, it starts to travel, and then is accelerated by blowing air from the nozzle to reach the guide. It swirled along the inside and continued to run on the center magnet row of the magnet row composed of 3 rows in a circuit shape.
The arrangement of the magnets in the turning region of the PG thin plate 5 provided with guides at both ends in the longitudinal direction was changed on both sides, but the PG thin plate 5 swung along the guides without any problem.

  A SUS430 stainless steel plate having a thickness of 1.5 mm, a width of 46 mm, and a length of 380 mm was prepared as a base. The base was bent so that the center in the width direction was 25 mm, and both sides were downhill about 8 degrees inward, and then processed into a curved surface so that the radius of curvature of the central portion in the longitudinal direction was about 2000 mm. . Furthermore, both ends were twisted and processed so that both ends were inclined by about 3 degrees in the width direction as compared with the central portion in the shape after springback.

As the neodymium magnet forming the magnet row, the same magnet as in Example 1 having a thickness of 3 mm, a width of 6 mm, a length of 12 mm and a magnetic field orientation in the thickness direction of 47 MGOe was used.
Six rows of magnets in which 30 rectangular neodymium magnets were arranged in the longitudinal direction were arranged on the curved surface inside the base. The magnets arranged in the first row in the width direction of the base are arranged so that the N pole faces upward, and the linear traveling area of the PG thin plate 5 is arranged so that the polarities of the magnet rows in the width direction are alternately reversed. It was.

As for the swivel regions at both ends, as shown in FIG. 17 (a), with respect to the one row at the extreme end in the longitudinal direction, the arrangement is such that the polarities are opposite to each other in the longitudinal direction, and FIG. As shown in b), the four rows of the original magnet row were arranged in two ways with the orientation changed by 90 degrees.
On the side surface of the entire circumference of the magnet, a 5 mm square acrylic stick molded in advance to approximately 160 ° C. according to the shape of the base is bonded and fixed with double-sided tape, and a side wall with a height of 2 mm from the magnet surface is provided. It was constructed.
Furthermore, the tip of the two nozzles provided in the central part in the longitudinal direction is adjusted and set so as to be substantially in contact with the center of the PG thin plate 5 to be described later. Connected.

The thickness of the PG thin plate 5 was about 1 mm, and the following various PG thin plates 5 having a planar shape were prepared. Because the magnet width w is 6 mm and the number of rows N is 6,
The diameter is 1.5w or more and (N-2.7) w or less,
That is, it was confirmed that the circular PG thin plate 5 having a diameter of about 9 mm and 20 mm in a range of 9 to about 20 mm travels continuously without changing the path between the forward path and the return path.
In addition, using a rotationally symmetrical octagon with a square of 9 mm and 20 mm on one side, a rectangle with a short side × long side of 9 mm × 18 mm, 20 mm × 30 mm, a circumscribed circle of about 10 mm, and about 20 mm, He confirmed that he was going to change the track on the return path.
However, when the PG thin plate 5 was small, the air flow rate of the pump was adjusted slightly.

  Although the arrangement of the magnets was changed at both ends in the longitudinal direction, in both cases, when the PG thin plate 5 approached the end, it moved in the width direction and the trajectory could be changed. However, it has been confirmed that the direction in which the magnets are rotated 90 degrees tends to move in the width direction. Therefore, in such an arrangement, the twist angle at both ends is even smaller and can be moved in the width direction even at about 2 degrees.

  A SUS430 stainless steel plate having a thickness of 1.5 mm, a width of 52 mm, and a length of 380 mm was prepared as a base material. After the base 2 is bent so that it has a center of 31 mm in the width direction and both sides are downhill about 8 degrees inward, the radius of curvature at the center in the longitudinal direction is approximately 2500 mm, and the radius of curvature near both ends in the longitudinal direction is 1000 mm. A curved surface was processed so as to be. Furthermore, both ends were twisted and processed so that both ends were inclined by about 2 degrees in the width direction as compared to the central portion in the shape after springback.

As the neodymium magnet forming the magnet row, a magnet having a thickness of 3 mm, a width of 6 mm, a length of 12 mm and a magnetic field orientation in the thickness direction of 47 MGOe was used.
Seven rows of magnets in which 30 rectangular neodymium magnets 3 are arranged in the longitudinal direction are arranged on the curved surface inside the base. When arranging, as shown in a cross-sectional view of the central portion in the longitudinal direction in FIG. Lay down and raise the surface accordingly.

The magnets arranged in the first row in the width direction of the base are arranged so that the N pole faces upward, and the linear traveling area of the PG thin plate 5 is arranged so that the polarities of the magnet rows in the width direction are alternately reversed. It was.
In addition, about the turning area | region of both ends, as shown to Fig.19 (a), it arranged so that polarity might mutually become opposite also in a longitudinal direction about 1 row | line | column of the extreme end part of a longitudinal direction. On the opposite side, as shown in FIG. 19 (b), the original magnet row was arranged in the direction of 90 degrees with respect to the length direction of five pieces.

A side wall 8 having a height of 2 mm from the magnet surface was constructed on the side surface of the entire circumference of the magnet in the same manner as in Example 7.
Furthermore, similarly to Example 6, the tips of the two nozzles 9 provided in the center portion in the longitudinal direction are adjusted and set so as to substantially contact the center of the PG thin plate 5 described later, The same air pump as in Example 5 was connected.

Since the shape of the PG thin plate 5 is 6 mm in the width w of the magnet and 7 rows in the number N, the shape in the plan view is, for example,
PG thin plate 5 having a diameter of about 10 mm, 20 mm, and 26 mm, and a thickness of about 1 mm within a range of 9 to about 26 mm, i.e., about 1.5 mm to (N-2.7) w is a problem. It was confirmed that there was a reciprocating motion.
In addition, using a square of 9 mm, 20 mm, and 26 mm on one side, a rectangle of 9 mm × 18 mm, 20 mm × 30 mm, and 26 mm × 30 mm, a circumscribed circle of about 10 mm, about 20 mm, and about 26 mm, continuously using a rotationally symmetric octagon It was confirmed that the track was changed on the forward and return journeys.
However, as in Example 6, when the PG thin plate 5 was small, the air flow rate of the pump (not shown in the figure) was adjusted slightly.

  Although the arrangement of the magnets was changed at both ends in the longitudinal direction, in both cases, when the PG thin plate 5 approached the end, it moved in the width direction and the trajectory could be changed. However, it has been confirmed that the direction in which the magnets are rotated 90 degrees tends to move in the width direction.

By raising the surface of the central magnet row by 0.5 mm, the straight traveling property of the PG thin plate 5 in the linear traveling region excluding both ends in the longitudinal direction is increased, and the tendency to move in the width direction before approaching the end portion is increased. Could be suppressed.
In addition, the degree of curvature at the center in the longitudinal direction was made smaller and the degree of curvature near both ends was made larger, so that the overall feeling of speed could be improved.

  If the scientific device according to the present invention is used, it is not necessary to use a special auxiliary device, and a diamagnetic pyrolytic graphite thin plate is magnetically levitated on the magnet array in a very simple manner, continuously. Since it is possible to continue traveling in a circuit shape by changing the trajectory between the forward path and the return path, it can be used as a model for explaining the properties of magnets and diamagnetic materials, a display for advertising, or a toy.

1 .... Running device 2,21,22,23 ... Base 3, 31,32 ... Neodymium magnet 4 .... Magnet array 5・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ PG thin plate 6 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Spacer made of soft magnetic material 61, 62, 63 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Wedge spacer made of soft magnetic material 7 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Guide 8 ・ ・・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Side wall 9 ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・ Blast nozzle

Claims (13)

(Premise) A device that magnetically levitates a thin sheet of pyrolytic graphite on a magnet array, changes the trajectory on the forward path and the return path, and repeatedly travels in a circuit shape,
(Requirement 1) On a base made of a strip-shaped soft magnetic thin steel plate and curved in a convex shape toward the lower side in the longitudinal direction,
(Requirement 2) Five or more rows of magnets arranged with a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnets oriented in a magnetic field in the thickness direction are arranged along the longitudinal direction.
(Requirement 3) The polarities of the magnet surfaces in each of the magnet rows in the central region in the longitudinal direction are the same,
(Requirement 4) The polarities of the magnet surfaces of adjacent magnet rows in the central region in the longitudinal direction are opposite to each other,
(Requirement 5) A scientific apparatus comprising a U-shaped or J-shaped guide composed of a circular arc or a circular arc and a linear portion facing each other on a magnet row at both ends in the longitudinal direction.   The scientific apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the curvature of the base in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction is larger than the curvature of the central portion. Each magnet at both ends in the width direction of the magnet row has the following requirements,
(1) Inclined so that the surface becomes lower toward the center in the width direction,
(2) The maximum energy product is greater than the maximum energy product of each magnet in the inner magnet row,
(3) The thickness is thicker than each magnet in the inner magnet row,
The scientific device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the requirements is satisfied. The magnet row is an odd-numbered row arrangement of 5 rows or more, and each magnet of the magnet row at the center in the width direction of the longitudinal center region has the following requirements than each magnet of the adjacent magnet row,
(1) Maximum energy product is larger,
(2) The surface is thicker or thicker via a yoke thin plate laid under the magnet row,
The scientific device according to claim 3, wherein one or both of the requirements are satisfied. The magnet row is an even row arrangement of 6 rows or more, and each magnet of the two magnet rows in the center in the width direction of the central region in the longitudinal direction has the following requirements compared to the magnets in the outer row with which they are in contact ,
(1) Maximum energy product is larger,
(2) Thickness is thicker or the surface is higher through the lower yoke thin plate of the magnet row,
(3) Each is configured to be inclined so that the surface decreases toward the outside in the width direction.
The scientific device according to claim 3, wherein at least one of the requirements is satisfied.   6. The scientific apparatus for an even number of rows of 6 rows or more according to claim 5, wherein the scientific device is divided into two at the center in the width direction and spreads on both sides to provide a gap having a width of one or more magnets, and at both ends of the magnet row in the longitudinal direction. The magnets are arranged without gaps so that the polarities of the surfaces of adjacent magnets are different as much as possible, and they are U-shaped, which is composed of arcs facing each other or arcs and straight parts, extending from one magnet row to another. A scientific device characterized by a J-shaped guide. (Premise) It is a device that makes a pyrolytic graphite sheet magnetically levitated on a magnet row and changes the trajectory on the forward path and the return path and repeatedly runs in a circuit shape,
(Requirement 1) A base on which a magnet is magnetically attracted is made of a strip-shaped soft magnetic thin steel plate, and is curved in a convex shape toward the lower side in the longitudinal direction.
(Requirement 2) Both ends of the base are twisted so that the pyrolytic graphite sheet is downhill with respect to the direction of changing the orbit,
(Requirement 3) 5 or more rows of magnet rows in which a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped neodymium magnets aligned in the thickness direction are arranged along the longitudinal direction,
(Requirement 4) The polarities of the magnet surfaces in each of the magnet rows in the central region in the longitudinal direction are the same,
(Requirement 5) The polarities of the magnet surfaces of adjacent magnet rows in the central region in the longitudinal direction are opposite to each other,
(Requirement 6) A scientific apparatus comprising a side wall having a height of 2 mm or more from the magnet surface along the outer peripheral side surface of the magnet array.   The scientific apparatus according to claim 7, wherein a curvature degree in the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction of the base is larger than a curvature degree in a central portion. Each magnet at both ends in the width direction of the magnet row has the following requirements,
(1) Inclined to become lower toward the center in the width direction,
(2) The maximum energy product is greater than the maximum energy product of each magnet in the inner magnet row,
(3) The thickness is thicker than each magnet in the inner magnet row,
The scientific device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein at least one of the requirements is satisfied. When the number of magnet rows is an odd number, each magnet of one central magnet row, and when the number of magnet rows is even, each magnet of two central magnet rows is a magnet of an adjacent magnet row outside in the width direction thereof. In comparison, in the linear travel area of the pyrolytic graphite sheet excluding the vicinity of both ends in the longitudinal direction, the following requirements:
(1) Maximum energy product is larger,
(2) The surface is thicker or thicker via a yoke thin plate laid under the magnet row,
The scientific device according to claim 9, wherein one or both of the requirements are satisfied. Pyrolytic graphite has a thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 mm. In the plan view, when the width of the magnet is w and the number of magnets is an odd number (2n + 1) or even number (2n + 2) As a column (where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2),
(1) A circle having a diameter of 1.5 w or more and (n + 0.3) w or less,
Or
(2) A rotationally symmetric octagon in which four corners of a square are cut at 45 degrees with respect to each side, and an octagon including a regular octagon having a circumscribed circle diameter of 1.5 w or more and (n + 0.3) w or less. ,
The scientific apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the scientific apparatus is any one of the following. Pyrolytic graphite has a thickness of 0.3 to 1.5 mm, and the shape in the plan view is such that the width of the magnet is w and the number of rows of magnets is m (where m is an integer of 5 or more),
(1) A circle having a diameter of 1.5 w or more and (m-2.7) w or less (2) A square having a side of 1.5 w or more and (m-2.7) w or less (3) A short side of 1 A rectangle of not less than .5w and not more than (m-2.7) w and (4) a circumscribed circle having a diameter of any one of polygons not less than 1.5w and not more than (m-2.7) w. The scientific device according to any one of Items 7 to 10.   The scientific apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein an air blowing nozzle is provided at one or two or more positions above the magnet row of the apparatus.

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