JP2017021480A - Information processor, difference association method and difference association program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information processor or the like capable of efficiently and surely confirming the validity of change between a source code and a specification.SOLUTION: The information processor includes: specification difference analysis means for extracting difference between an unchanged specification and a changed specification, and also extracting a keyword relevant to the extracted difference by performing analysis processing of the specification; source code difference analysis means for extracting difference between an unchanged source code and a changed source code, created on the basis of the specification, and also extracting a keyword relevant to the extracted difference by performing analysis processing of the source code; and difference association means for associating the difference between specifications with the difference of the source codes on the basis of the degree of association of the keyword relevant to the extracted difference between the specifications and the keyword relevant to the extracted keyword between the source codes, and presenting a result of the association.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for confirming the validity of changes to source code and specifications.

  In software development, it is an important issue to check the validity of changes to source code and specifications efficiently and without oversight. It is also an important issue to clarify the correspondence between the source code and the specification, and to keep the source code and the specification without divergence and high maintainability.

  In grasping the contents of the change, it is possible to easily extract the difference before and after the change of the source code and the specification that are in a causal relationship with each other by using a version management system or the like.

  For example, in order to identify code differences (correction) between source codes, use the UNIX (registered trademark) diff command to extract source code differences by comparing text before and after the corrections in line units. Method is used.

  However, a developer or the like makes a decision as to which requirement of the specification the difference in the source code extracted as described above corresponds to. For example, as described above, source code differences are extracted, and based on the differences, the developer sequentially matches the description of the reason for change with the specifications, thereby associating the source code differences with the corresponding requirements. The method of confirming is taken. In this case, since it is not possible to confirm whether or not all the changes in the specification document have been finally covered, there is a possibility of overlooking the reflection of the change made to the specification document in the source code.

  On the other hand, based on the difference between specifications, a method in which the developer sequentially checks whether the contents of the change are reflected by checking with the source code is also conceivable. In this case, since all the changes in the source code cannot be finally confirmed, there is a possibility that a mixture of changes in the source code not described in the specification may be overlooked.

  Therefore, in order to prevent the changes made to the specifications as described above from being reflected in the source code, or to overlook the mixture of changes in the source code that are not described in the specifications, the source code difference base is usually used. And the developer is checking on the basis of the difference between specifications. Alternatively, an expert who has a good overview of the specification and implementation checks the validity of changes to the specification and source code.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a source code comparison apparatus that compares a source code before correction with a source code after correction to extract a difference and accurately and easily associates the difference with a function. Has been.

  Also, in Patent Document 2, when there is a change in the source code, a test case that comprehensively executes the code related to the change is created, an appropriate test case identifier is attached, and the changed source code An information processing apparatus that registers in association with a functional unit is disclosed.

JP 2013-0665267 A JP 2010-067188 A

  As described above, in order to accurately confirm the validity of changes in specifications and source code, it is necessary to take time and high level of knowledge such as double confirmation based on difference between source code and difference between specifications and confirmation by experts. There is a problem that a lot of knowledge is required.

  In the source code comparison apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the correction part and the function are associated with each other regarding the correction of the source code, but it is confirmed whether the change in the specification is correctly reflected in the source code. Is not disclosed.

  Moreover, in the information processing apparatus described in Patent Document 2, the function and the source code are associated with each other by an execution trace when the test case is executed for each function. Therefore, since it is necessary to execute a program for the association, it still takes time to confirm.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and mainly provides an information processing apparatus and the like that can efficiently and accurately confirm the validity of changes in source code and specifications. Objective.

  The first information processing apparatus of the present invention extracts a difference between the specification before the change and the specification after the change, and performs an analysis process on the specification, thereby relating to the extracted difference. A specification difference analyzing means for extracting a keyword to be extracted, a difference between the source code before the change and the source code after the change created based on the specification is extracted, and an analysis process is performed on the source code Source code difference analysis means for extracting a keyword related to the extracted difference, the keyword related to the difference of the extracted specification, and the difference of the extracted source code The difference between the specifications and the difference of the source code are associated with each other based on the degree of association with the keyword related to And a differential association means for presenting the results.

  In the first difference association method of the present invention, the difference between the specification before the change and the specification after the change is extracted, and an analysis process is performed on the specification so that the difference is extracted. Extracting relevant keywords, extracting the difference between the source code before the change and the source code after the change, which is created based on the specifications, and performing the analysis process on the source code, A keyword related to the extracted difference is extracted, and based on the degree of association between the keyword related to the difference of the extracted specification and the keyword related to the difference of the extracted source code Then, the difference between the specifications and the difference between the source codes are associated with each other, and the result of the association is presented.

  This object is also achieved by a computer program that realizes the difference association method having the above-described configurations by a computer, and a computer-readable storage medium that stores the computer program.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an effect that the validity of the change of the source code and the specification can be confirmed efficiently and reliably in the information processing apparatus.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the information processing apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the source code before a change and the source code after a change which the information processing apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention acquires. It is a figure which shows an example of the specification before change and the specification after change which the information processing apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention acquires. It is a flowchart explaining the detail of the matching operation | movement by the difference corresponding | compatible estimation part of the information processing apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the keyword relevant to the difference and the difference which the information processing apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention extracted. It is a figure explaining calculation of the score regarding the keyword extracted by the information processing apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. An example (a) of a calculation result of a degree of association between a source code difference and a specification difference by the information processing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention and a correspondence relationship between the source code difference and the specification difference are schematically illustrated. It is an example (b) shown. It is an example (a) of a difference list with correspondence information and an example (b) of a difference list with no correspondence presented by the information processing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the information processing apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which illustrates the hardware constitutions of the information processing apparatus which concerns on each embodiment.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an information processing apparatus 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the information processing apparatus 100 includes a source code comparison unit 110, a source code difference analysis unit 120, a specification comparison unit 130, a specification difference analysis unit 140, and a difference correspondence estimation unit 150.

  The information processing apparatus 100 determines whether the change of the specification and the change of the source code are appropriate, that is, whether each changed part of the specification and each changed part of the source code are associated with each other. Then, the information processing apparatus 100 displays information 180 including information on the associated changes (difference list with correspondence information) and information on changes without association (difference list without correspondence) on a display unit (not shown). Present through.

  The difference list with correspondence information includes a source code difference list before and after the change and a specification difference list before and after the change. The difference list with correspondence information may further include information that can trace a difference in the specification associated with each difference in the source code and a difference in the source code associated with each difference in the specification.

  The non-corresponding difference list includes a list of source code differences that do not have associated specification differences and a specification difference list that does not have associated source code differences. Differences in source code that do not have differences in supported specifications may cause changes in source code that are not required, or omissions in specifications. Differences in specifications that do not have corresponding source code differences may result in missing source code changes or incorrect specifications. The information processing apparatus 100 may present these lists as warnings.

  In the information processing apparatus 100, the source code comparison unit 110 acquires the pre-change source code 161 and the post-change source code 162. In addition, the information processing apparatus 100 acquires the pre-change specification 171 and the post-change specification 172 in the specification comparison unit 130. The pre-change source code 161 and the pre-change specification 171, and the post-change source code 162 and the post-change specification 172 have a causal relationship with each other. That is, the source code 161 before change and the source code 162 after change are created based on the specification before change 171 and the specification after change 172, respectively.

  An outline of each component of the information processing apparatus 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 will be described.

  The source code comparison unit 110 acquires the source code 161 before change and the source code 162 after change, and extracts a difference between the source codes before and after the change by a normal text comparison process.

  The source code difference analysis unit 120 performs a syntax analysis process on the changed source code 162 and extracts information such as a function name, a data name, and a comment related to each changed part as a keyword.

  The specification comparison unit 130 acquires the pre-change specification 171 and the post-change specification 172, and extracts the difference between the specifications before and after the change by a normal document comparison process.

  The specification difference analysis unit 140 performs document structure analysis processing and natural language analysis processing on the changed specification 172, detects the document structure such as a chapter heading and a paragraph, and extracts a keyword from the section heading and the text of each changed portion. To extract.

  The difference correspondence estimation unit 150 matches the extracted keywords with respect to the pair of each changed portion of the source code extracted as described above and each changed portion of the specification, and changes the changed portion of the source code and the specification. Calculate the relevance of the location. Then, when the calculated relevance is higher than a predetermined reference, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 estimates that the changed portion of the source code and the changed portion of the specification are associated (corresponding to each other).

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the source code 161 before change and the source code 162 after change. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the pre-change specification 171 and the post-change specification 172 having a causal relationship with the pre-change source code 161 and the post-change source code 162, respectively.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is assumed that the processing of “function A” and the contents of “processing 1” and “processing 2” of “function B” are changed. In this example, “Process 1” and “Process 2” of “Function B” are both related to “XX table”. “FuncA” in the source code corresponds to “function A”, “funcB” corresponds to “function B”, and “XXXTable” corresponds to “XX table” in the specification. The source code for “funcB” has two blocks. The first block (indicated by “a” in FIG. 2) is designated as “Process 1”, and the second block (indicated by “b” in FIG. 2). ) Corresponds to processing 2 respectively (however, in the present embodiment, it is assumed that it is difficult to mechanically determine these correspondences from simple text information).

  Accordingly, the result obtained in the present embodiment is that the information processing apparatus 100 performs the following association. That is, the change to “function A” in the specification is associated with the change to “funcA” in the source code. Also, a change to “Process 1” of “Function B” in the specification is associated with a change to “XXXTable” of the source code and a change to the first block of “funcB”. Furthermore, a change to “Process 2” of “Function B” in the specification is associated with a change to “XXXTable” of the source code and a change to the second block of “funcB”.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating details of the operation in which the information processing apparatus 100 performs the association. With reference to FIGS. 2 to 4, the association operation in the information processing apparatus 100 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 2, it is assumed that the four locations indicated by c, d, e, and f are changed in the source code 161 before the change. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, it is assumed that three locations indicated by g, h, and i are changed in the pre-change specification 171.

  The source code comparison unit 110 acquires the source code 161 before change and the source code 162 after change, detects changes indicated by c, d, e, and f in FIG. Source code differences having numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 (hereinafter referred to as source code differences 1, 2, 3, and 4) are extracted (S101).

  Subsequently, the source code difference analysis unit 120 performs a syntax analysis process on the changed source code 162, and includes data, functions, block information to which the changed part belongs, comments inserted before and after the data, and the like. It extracts as a keyword (S102).

  In FIG. 2, keywords extracted as a result of the syntax analysis processing by the source code difference analysis unit 120 regarding the changed portions c, d, e, and f are shown by surrounding them with broken lines. For example, with respect to the changed part c, “/ * OO table * /” and “XXXTable” are extracted as keywords. The source code difference analysis unit 120 holds these extracted keywords in association with the source code difference 1.

  Similarly, the source code difference analysis unit 120 extracts “funcA ()” as a keyword for the changed portion d, and holds the keyword in association with the source code difference 2. In addition, the source code difference analysis unit 120 extracts “funcB ()”, “// function B”, and “/ * process 1 * /” as keywords with respect to the changed part e, and the source code difference 3 Keep it associated with.

  Further, the source code difference analysis unit 120 extracts “funcB ()”, “// function B”, and “/ * processing 2 * /” to which the changed part f belongs as keywords for the changed part f, These keywords are stored in association with the source code difference 4.

  FIG. 5 shows source code differences 1 to 4 extracted by the source code comparison unit 110 and keywords extracted by the source code difference analysis unit 120 in relation to the source code differences 1 to 4.

  On the other hand, the specification comparison unit 130 acquires the pre-change specification 171 and the post-change specification 172, detects changes indicated by g, h, and i in FIG. It is extracted as a specification difference having numbers 1, 2, 3 (hereinafter referred to as specification difference 1, 2, 3 respectively) (S103).

  Subsequently, the specification difference analysis unit 140 performs a natural language analysis process on the post-change specification 172 based on the document structure of the specification, with respect to the heading and body of the chapter to which the changed portion belongs. The related keywords are extracted (S104).

  In FIG. 3, keywords extracted as a result of the natural language analysis processing by the specification difference analysis unit 140 with respect to the changed portions g, h, i are surrounded by a broken line. For example, “function B”, “processing 1”, and “XX table” are extracted as keywords for the changed portion g. The specification difference analysis unit 140 stores these extracted keywords in association with the specification difference 1.

  Similarly, the specification difference analysis unit 140 extracts “function B”, “processing 2”, and “XXXTable” to which the changed portion h belongs as keywords for the changed portion h, and uses these keywords as the specification difference 2 Keep it associated with. Further, the specification difference analysis unit 140 extracts “function A” and “func A” as keywords for the changed portion i, and holds the keywords in association with the specification difference 3.

  FIG. 5 shows specification difference 1 to 3 extracted by the specification comparison unit 130 and keywords extracted by the specification difference analysis unit 140 in relation to the specification difference 1 to 3.

  Note that the specification difference analysis unit 140 may extract a keyword that is determined to have a high degree of association with the change in order to prevent a word that is less relevant to the change from being extracted as a keyword. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining calculation of a score related to a keyword. The specification difference analysis unit 140 determines the importance of each word in the specification, for example, the word in the headline in the specification, the word considered as the identifier in the source code, and the word with high appearance frequency as shown in FIG. On the other hand, a weighted score is calculated. And the specification difference analysis part 140 may extract the word which has a score higher than a predetermined reference | standard as a keyword. Here, the specification difference analysis unit 140 extracts words having a score of “40” or more as keywords, for example.

  Subsequently, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 matches the source code difference and the specification difference by matching the keyword extracted by the source code difference analysis unit 120 with the keyword extracted by the specification difference analysis unit 140. The relationship is estimated (S105).

  FIG. 7 schematically shows the correspondence between the source code difference and the specification difference, and FIG. 7A showing an example of the calculation result of the relevance between the source code difference and the specification difference by the difference correspondence estimation unit 150. It is FIG.7 (b) shown. The difference correspondence estimation unit 150 matches the keywords included in the source code differences 1 to 4 with the keywords included in the specification differences 1 to 3, respectively, and calculates the degree of association based on the ratio of the matching keywords. . Furthermore, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 may calculate the degree of association by weighting the keywords using the scores shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 7B, the specification difference and the source code difference that are in a correspondence relationship are shown connected by a solid line. As shown in FIG. 7B, for example, in the specification difference 1 and the source code difference 1, the keyword “XX table” matches. Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the score of the keyword “XX table” is “40”. Based on these, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 calculates the degree of association between the specification difference 1 and the source code difference 1 as “80” as shown in FIG.

  Similarly, for example, in the specification difference 3 and the source code difference 2, the keyword “funcA” matches. Also, as shown in FIG. 6, the score of the keyword “funcA” is “66”. Based on these, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 calculates the degree of association between the specification difference 3 and the source code difference 2 as “95” as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 calculates the degree of association for all pairs of the specification difference and the source code difference shown in FIG.

  Here, “Process 1” and “Process 2” are both included in the function B. Therefore, the “Process 1” pair in the source code and the “Process 2” pair in the specification, and the “Process 2” pair in the source code and the “Process 1” pair in the specification are not closely associated with each other. doing. That is, the degree of association is calculated as “30” for the pair of the source code difference 3 and the specification difference 2 and the pair of the source code difference 4 and the specification difference 1. Therefore, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 may set a predetermined reference that is regarded as being associated with the degree of association, and may exclude a pair having a degree of association that does not satisfy the reference from the correspondence.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a difference list with correspondence information (a) and a difference list without correspondence (b) presented by the difference correspondence estimation unit 150. As shown in FIG. 8, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 adds a difference between specifications corresponding to each difference of source code in addition to a list of specification differences and a list of source code differences as a difference list with correspondence information. The information (correspondence relationship) that can trace the difference of the corresponding source code from each difference of the specification is presented (S106).

  In the above example, all the specification differences and source code differences have been described as having a corresponding source code difference and specification difference, respectively, but if there is no corresponding source code difference or specification difference, The difference correspondence estimation unit 150 presents a warning. That is, the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 presents specification differences without associated source code differences or source code differences without associated specification difference as an uncorresponding difference list. FIG. 8B shows an example in which the specification difference 4 is presented together with a “confirmation required” warning that there is no corresponding source code difference.

  Here, when there are few descriptions about the implementation in the specifications, or when there are few descriptions of appropriate comments in the source code, the accuracy of the correspondence between the differences in the specifications and the differences in the source code deteriorates, and the correspondence is inherently There is a possibility that certain differences may be included in the uncorresponding difference list. In order to prevent this, the developer can improve the accuracy of the association by adding a description or comment that links the specification and the implementation. Adding information used for association for improving the accuracy of association is also effective for the developer in grasping the contents of change.

  Further, the specification and source code applied to the information processing apparatus 100 are not limited to a specific coding rule or specification format. However, the accuracy of associating the specification difference with the source code difference can be further improved by defining the coding rule and the specification format.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the information processing apparatus 100 extracts a keyword related to the changed portion (difference) of the source code and also uses a keyword related to the changed portion (difference) of the specification. To extract. Then, the information processing apparatus 100 calculates the relevance level of each difference by matching the keyword related to the change location of the source code with the keyword related to the change location of the specification, and the relevance level is high. Information indicating the correspondence of the determined difference is presented. The information processing apparatus 100 also presents a difference that has no associated source code difference or specification difference as a warning.

  By adopting the above configuration, according to the first embodiment, the reflection of the change made to the specification document to the source code is not reflected, or the change of the source code not described in the specification document is mixed. The effect that it can confirm efficiently and reliably (without oversight) is acquired.

  In addition, when the information used for association is small in the specification or source code, the information is presented to the developer together with omissions or errors in the specification or source code. This prompts the addition of necessary comments or the like to the specification or source code, so that it is possible to create a specification or source code that is more maintainable for the developer.

Second Embodiment FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an information processing apparatus 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The information processing apparatus 100 in the first embodiment described above is based on the information processing apparatus 100 in the second embodiment.

  As illustrated in FIG. 9, the information processing apparatus 200 includes a specification difference analysis unit 210, a source code difference analysis unit 220, and a difference association unit 230.

  The specification difference analysis unit 210 extracts a difference between the specification before the change and the specification after the change, and extracts a keyword related to the extracted difference by performing an analysis process on the specification.

  The source code difference analysis unit 220 extracts the difference between the source code before the change and the source code after the change, which is created based on the specification, and performs an analysis process on the source code to extract the difference Extract keywords related to.

  The difference associating unit 230 calculates the difference between the specification and the source code based on the degree of association between the keyword related to the extracted specification difference and the keyword related to the extracted source code difference. At the same time, the result of the association is presented. The difference association unit 230 corresponds to the difference correspondence estimation unit 150 in the first embodiment.

  By adopting the above configuration, according to the first embodiment, the difference association unit 230 performs association by matching the source code difference before and after the change with the specification difference, so that the source code and The effect that the validity of the change of the specification document can be confirmed efficiently and accurately is obtained.

  Note that each unit of the information processing apparatus illustrated in FIG. 1 and the like is realized by hardware resources illustrated in FIG. That is, the configuration shown in FIG. 10 includes a processor 50, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 51, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 52, an external connection interface 53, and a storage device 54.

  The functions shown in each block in the information processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and the like are executed by the processor 50 shown in FIG. 10 reading various software programs (computer programs) stored in the ROM 52 or the storage device 54 to the RAM 51. By doing so, it may be realized. Alternatively, some or all of the functions shown in each block shown in FIG. 1 and the like may be realized as hardware.

  Further, in the present invention described by taking each embodiment as an example, after a computer program capable of realizing the functions described above is supplied to the information processing apparatus, the processor 50 reads the computer program into the RAM 51. Achieved by executing.

  The supplied computer program may be stored in a computer-readable storage device such as a readable / writable memory (temporary storage medium) or a hard disk device. In such a case, the present invention can be understood as being configured by a code representing the computer program or a storage medium storing the computer program.

50 processor 51 RAM
52 ROM
53 External connection interface 54 Storage device 100, 200 Information processing device 110 Source code comparison unit 120 Source code difference analysis unit 130 Specification comparison unit 140 Specification difference analysis unit 150 Difference correspondence estimation unit 161 Source code 162 before change Source code after change 171 Specification before change 172 Specification after change 180 Information 200 Information processing device 210 Specification difference analysis unit 220 Source code difference analysis unit 230 Difference association unit

Claims (8)

A specification difference analysis means for extracting a keyword related to the extracted difference by extracting a difference between the specification before the change and the specification after the change and performing an analysis process on the specification; ,
Extracting the difference between the source code before the change and the source code after the change, which is created based on the specifications, and performing analysis processing on the source code, thereby relating to the extracted difference Source code difference analysis means for extracting keywords;
Based on the degree of association between the keyword related to the difference of the extracted specification and the keyword related to the difference of the extracted source code, the difference of the specification and the source code An information processing apparatus comprising: a difference association unit that associates the difference with each other and presents a result of the association. The difference associating means, based on a ratio of the keyword related to the difference of the extracted specification and the keyword related to the difference of the extracted source code, The information according to claim 1, wherein the degree of association between the difference between the source code and the difference between the source codes is calculated, and the difference between the specifications and the difference between the source codes are associated with the degree of association. Processing equipment. The difference associating means, the difference of the source code that does not have the difference of the associated specification, or the difference of the specification that does not have the difference of the associated source code, The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. The specification difference analysis means performs a document structure analysis process and a natural language analysis process on the specification, thereby giving a weight that is weighted based on the importance of the word included in the specification The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a word satisfying a predetermined criterion is extracted as the keyword. The source code difference analysis means extracts at least one of a function name, a data name, and a comment related to the difference as the keyword by performing a syntax analysis process on the source code. Item 5. The information processing device according to any one of items 4 to 4. The difference associating means is based on a ratio of the keyword related to the difference of the extracted specification and the keyword related to the difference of the extracted source code, and the score The information processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the degree of association is calculated. Extracting a difference between the specification before the change and the specification after the change, and performing an analysis process on the specification, thereby extracting a keyword related to the extracted difference,
Extracting the difference between the source code before the change and the source code after the change, which is created based on the specifications, and performing analysis processing on the source code, thereby relating to the extracted difference Extract keywords,
Based on the degree of association between the keyword related to the difference of the extracted specification and the keyword related to the difference of the extracted source code, the difference of the specification and the source code The difference correlation method of associating the difference and presenting the result of the correlation. A process for extracting a keyword related to the extracted difference by extracting a difference between the specification before the change and the specification after the change, and performing an analysis process on the specification.
Extracting the difference between the source code before the change and the source code after the change, which is created based on the specifications, and performing analysis processing on the source code, thereby relating to the extracted difference Processing to extract keywords;
Based on the degree of association between the keyword related to the difference of the extracted specification and the keyword related to the difference of the extracted source code, the difference of the specification and the source code And the process of associating the difference and presenting the result of the association,
A difference matching program to be executed by a computer.

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