JP2016196331A - Bottle having closing cap - Google Patents

Bottle having closing cap Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2016196331A
JP2016196331A JP2016074181A JP2016074181A JP2016196331A JP 2016196331 A JP2016196331 A JP 2016196331A JP 2016074181 A JP2016074181 A JP 2016074181A JP 2016074181 A JP2016074181 A JP 2016074181A JP 2016196331 A JP2016196331 A JP 2016196331A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
bottle
screw
closure cap
aluminum
neck
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JP2016074181A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
ヒュールス ペーター
Huels Peter
ヒュールス ペーター
シュバイグコフラー シュテファニ
Schwegkofler Stephanie
シュバイグコフラー シュテファニ
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Red Bull GmbH
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Red Bull GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D23/00Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
    • B65D23/02Linings or internal coatings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/46Snap-on caps or cap-like covers
    • B65D41/465Snap-on caps or cap-like covers with integral internal sealing means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B65D1/023Neck construction
    • B65D1/0246Closure retaining means, e.g. beads, screw-threads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0207Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by material, e.g. composition, physical features
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/02Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents
    • B65D1/0223Bottles or similar containers with necks or like restricted apertures, designed for pouring contents characterised by shape
    • B65D1/023Neck construction
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D1/00Containers having bodies formed in one piece, e.g. by casting metallic material, by moulding plastics, by blowing vitreous material, by throwing ceramic material, by moulding pulped fibrous material, by deep-drawing operations performed on sheet material
    • B65D1/40Details of walls
    • B65D1/42Reinforcing or strengthening parts or members
    • B65D1/46Local reinforcements, e.g. adjacent closures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/325Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings with integral internal sealing means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/348Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being rolled or pressed to conform to the shape of the container, e.g. metallic closures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt
    • B65D41/348Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being rolled or pressed to conform to the shape of the container, e.g. metallic closures
    • B65D41/3485Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt the tamper element being rolled or pressed to conform to the shape of the container, e.g. metallic closures having tear-off strips
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/02Grip means
    • B65D2251/026Grip means made of material having a high friction coefficient and preventing slippage during removal by hand, e.g. band, coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D23/00Details of bottles or jars not otherwise provided for
    • B65D23/08Coverings or external coatings
    • B65D23/0807Coatings
    • B65D23/0814Coatings characterised by the composition of the material
    • B65D23/0828Coatings characterised by the composition of the material consisting mainly of paints or lacquers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/32Caps or cap-like covers with lines of weakness, tearing-strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices, e.g. to facilitate formation of pouring openings
    • B65D41/34Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers provided with tamper elements formed in, or attached to, the closure skirt

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To avoid going-out of carbonic acid, by guaranteeing extremely excellent sealing of a bottle, even when internal pressure of the bottle is extremely high.SOLUTION: A bottle 1 comprises a bottle body 2 composed of light metal and a neck 3 having an outer screw 4, and in its case, the bottle 1 comprises a closing cap 5 of a sleeve shape having a cover 6 for closing an opening part of the bottle 1 and a jacket surface 7 continuing with the cover 6 and having a screw 8 corresponding to the outer screw 4 of the neck 3. The edge 9 of the neck 3 of the bottle 1 is formed of a folded-back part 10 of the neck 3 for forming a protrusion part for making a round around the opening part of the bottle 1, and in its case, a free end part of the folded-back part 10 turns in the direction of an outside surface or an inside surface of the bottle 1, the folded-back part 10 is curvedly formed in an area of an apex part 11 of turning to the cover of the edge 9, and the edge 9 of the bottle 1 has a substantially O-shaped cross-section.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、軽金属からなるボトル本体を有するボトルに関するものであって、ボトルのネックが外ネジを有しており、ボトルは、ボトルの開口部を閉鎖するカバーとカバーに連続するジャケット面とを備えたスリーブ形状の閉鎖キャップを有しており、ジャケット面は、ボトルが閉鎖された状態においてネックの外ネジと対応するネジを有している。   The present invention relates to a bottle having a bottle body made of light metal, wherein the neck of the bottle has an external screw, and the bottle has a cover for closing the opening of the bottle and a jacket surface continuous to the cover. With a sleeve-shaped closure cap with a jacket surface having threads corresponding to the outer threads of the neck in the closed state of the bottle.

冒頭で挙げた種類のボトルは、しばしば飲料、特に炭酸を含んだ飲料用の使い捨てボトルとして使用される。質的に高価値の炭酸を含む飲料は、充填してボトルを閉鎖した後に、パスツール殺菌することができる。その場合に温度が高いことと飲料に含まれる炭酸に基づいて、ボトル内に、例えば5−6バールの極めて高い内圧がもたらされることがあり、それによって閉鎖キャップの領域内で意図せずに炭酸が抜ける結果となることがある。というのは、内圧が高いことによりボトルの閉鎖部の領域内でシールが不十分になり得るからである。しかし、炭酸含有量の減少は、望ましくない飲料の品質の低下となる。   The types of bottles mentioned at the beginning are often used as disposable bottles for beverages, in particular beverages containing carbonic acid. Beverages containing qualitatively high value carbonates can be pasteurized after filling and closing the bottle. In that case, based on the high temperature and the carbonic acid contained in the beverage, a very high internal pressure of, for example, 5-6 bar may be produced in the bottle, thereby causing unintentional carbonation in the region of the closure cap. May result in missing. This is because the high internal pressure can result in poor sealing in the area of the bottle closure. However, a decrease in the carbonic acid content results in an undesirable degradation of the beverage quality.

したがって本発明の課題は、ボトルの内圧が極めて高い場合でも、ボトルの極めて良好な密閉を保証し、且つ炭酸が抜けるのを防止することである。   The object of the present invention is therefore to guarantee a very good sealing of the bottle and to prevent the escape of carbonic acid even when the internal pressure of the bottle is very high.

この課題は、冒頭で挙げた種類のボトルによって、本発明によれば、ボトルのネックの端縁がボトル本体の開口部の回りを一周する隆起部を形成する、ネックの折り返した部分によって形成されており、その場合に折り返した部分の自由端部がボトルの外側面又は内側面を向いており、折り返した部分が端縁の閉鎖キャップのカバーを向いた頂部の領域内で湾曲して形成されており、ボトルの端縁が略O字の形状の横断面を有していることによって、解決される。   According to the present invention, this problem is formed by the bottles of the type mentioned at the outset, by the folded part of the neck, where the edge of the neck of the bottle forms a bulge that goes around the opening of the bottle body. In this case, the free end portion of the folded portion faces the outer surface or the inner surface of the bottle, and the folded portion is curved in the region of the top portion facing the cover of the end closure cap. This is solved by the fact that the bottle edge has a substantially O-shaped cross section.

本発明に係る解決手段は、端縁が溝に最適且つ密に当接することを保証するので、パスツール殺菌の場合に発生するように、ボトルの内圧が高い場合でも、閉鎖の高い密閉性が与えられる。   The solution according to the invention ensures that the edge is in optimum and tight contact with the groove, so that even when the internal pressure of the bottle is high, as in the case of pasteur sterilization, a high sealing performance is achieved. Given.

端縁の横断面がO字形状であることに基づいて、折り返された部分はほぼ閉鎖されている。すなわち折り返した部分の自由端部はボトルの外側面に当接するか、あるいは折り返した部分の自由端部とボトルの外側面との間の間隙は極めて小さく、0.5mmを越えない。   Based on the cross-section of the edge being O-shaped, the folded part is almost closed. That is, the free end of the folded portion abuts against the outer surface of the bottle, or the gap between the free end of the folded portion and the outer surface of the bottle is extremely small and does not exceed 0.5 mm.

特に好ましくは、閉鎖キャップは軽金属から形成されたベース本体を有している。この実施形態は、特に、閉鎖キャップのネジが、圧延工程によってボトルのネックの外ネジを閉鎖キャップの材料内へ刻印する1つ又は複数のローラによって形成されることを、特徴としている。   Particularly preferably, the closure cap has a base body made of light metal. This embodiment is particularly characterized in that the screw of the closure cap is formed by one or more rollers that imprint the outer thread of the bottle neck into the material of the closure cap by a rolling process.

重量が小さいことに加えて、極めて薄い肉厚も可能にする、本発明の好ましい変形例によれば、ボトル本体及び/又は閉鎖キャップのベース本体は、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金から形成することができる。   According to a preferred variant of the invention, which allows for very thin wall thicknesses in addition to low weight, the bottle body and / or the base body of the closure cap can be made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

ボトルの本体は、ボトルのネックと底との間の領域内で、0.5mm以下の肉厚を有することができる。   The body of the bottle may have a wall thickness of 0.5 mm or less in the region between the bottle neck and bottom.

ボトルを簡単に開けることができるようにするために、閉鎖キャップのジャケット面の内側を塗料で塗装することができ、その場合に塗料とアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数は、アルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数よりも小さい。上で挙げた塗料は、例えば少なくとも1−2重量割合のワックス及び/又は他の摩擦を減少させる添加物、例えばグラファイト粒子、を有することができる。   The inside of the jacket surface of the closure cap can be painted with paint so that the bottle can be opened easily, in which case the coefficient of static friction between the paint and aluminum is It is smaller than the static friction coefficient between. The paints listed above can have, for example, at least 1-2 weight percent wax and / or other friction reducing additives such as graphite particles.

開放プロセスは、閉鎖キャップの外側面を塗料で塗装することによって、さらに簡単になり、その場合に人の皮膚とマット塗料との間の静止摩擦係数は、アルミニウムと人の皮膚との間の静止摩擦係数よりも大きい。閉鎖キャップの外側面を塗装するために使用される塗料は、摩擦を高める添加物、例えばゴム粒子、を有することができる。   The opening process is further simplified by painting the outer surface of the closure cap with paint, in which case the coefficient of static friction between the human skin and the matte paint is the static coefficient between the aluminum and the human skin. Greater than friction coefficient. The paint used to paint the outer surface of the closure cap can have additives that increase friction, such as rubber particles.

閉鎖キャップがボトルのネックを収容するための開口部を除いて閉鎖して形成されていると、特に好ましいことが明らかにされており、その場合に閉鎖キャップのジャケット面はジャケット面のネジとカバーとの間に位置する部分の領域内に、互いに離間したリブを備えたローレットを有しており、その場合にローレットが少なくとも0.1mmの深さを有している。ローレットの深さに基づいて、ボトルの開放が著しく容易になる。   It has been found that it is particularly preferred if the closure cap is formed closed except for an opening for accommodating the neck of the bottle, in which case the jacket surface of the closure cap is the screw and cover of the jacket surface In the region of the part located between the two, the knurls are provided with ribs spaced apart from each other, in which case the knurl has a depth of at least 0.1 mm. Based on the depth of the knurl, the opening of the bottle is significantly facilitated.

本発明の極めて好ましい変形例においては、閉鎖キャップが引きちぎりリング(tear-off ring)を有しており、その引きちぎりリングがウェブを介してネジを有するジャケット面と結合されており、ボトルのネックが、外ネジに連続し、且つボトルの外側に位置する、引きちぎりリングの部分のための第1の載置面を有しており、その場合に第1の載置面が第1の載置面に対して傾斜し、且つ同様にボトルの外側に位置する第2の載置面へ移行しており、その場合に第2の載置面がボトルの底の方向に見て第1の載置面からボトルの長手中心平面の方向に傾斜しており、その場合に第1の載置面と第2の載置面に接する接線平面の第1の載置面を向いた部分との間に形成される角度は、最大で45°である。   In a highly preferred variant of the invention, the closure cap has a tear-off ring, which is connected via a web to a jacket surface with threads, The neck has a first mounting surface for a portion of the tear ring that is continuous with the outer screw and located outside the bottle, in which case the first mounting surface is the first mounting surface. The second mounting surface is inclined with respect to the mounting surface and is similarly located outside the bottle. In this case, the second mounting surface is first viewed in the direction of the bottom of the bottle. The first mounting surface and a portion of the tangential plane that is in contact with the second mounting surface and facing the first mounting surface. The angle formed between the maximum is 45 °.

引きちぎりリングの領域内の少なくとも45°の角度によって、ボトルの機械的な強度が従来のボトルに比較してずっと高くなるので、ボトルは、パスツール殺菌する際にボトルの内部に生じる高い圧力によっても、損なわれない。   An angle of at least 45 ° in the area of the tear ring makes the bottle mechanical strength much higher compared to conventional bottles, so that the bottle is driven by the high pressure generated inside the bottle when pasteurizing. Is not impaired.

密閉性の高い閉鎖と同時にボトルを簡単に開放することは、外ネジが1条ネジであって、外ネジの深さの値が0.5mmの下限と0.9mmの上限を有する値領域内にあり、外ネジの公称直径の値が、25mmの下限と30mmの上限を有する値領域内にあり、ネジの高さの値が9mmの下限と15mmの上限を有する値領域内にあって、その場合に外ネジのネジ山の数が少なくとも2つ、特に2と3の間にあることによって、得られる。ネジの深さが大きいことによって、ボトルの良好な密閉性が保証され、その推移が比較的平坦であることによりわずかな力を加えるだけで閉鎖キャップのネジりが実現される。   Opening the bottle at the same time as closing with high hermeticity means that the outer thread is a single thread and the depth value of the outer thread is within a value range with a lower limit of 0.5 mm and an upper limit of 0.9 mm. The nominal diameter value of the outer screw is in a value region having a lower limit of 25 mm and an upper limit of 30 mm, and the height value of the screw is in a value region having a lower limit of 9 mm and an upper limit of 15 mm, In this case, the number of threads of the outer thread is at least two, in particular between 2 and 3. The large screw depth ensures good sealing of the bottle, and the transition is relatively flat, so that the closure cap is twisted with little effort.

閉鎖キャップをネジるために加える力が小さいことは、外ネジが丸ネジであって、その場合にネジ側面の曲率半径のための値が0.4と0.8mmの間の値領域に基づくことによって、得られる。   The small force applied to twist the closure cap is based on a value region where the outer thread is a round thread and the value for the radius of curvature of the screw side is between 0.4 and 0.8 mm. Can be obtained.

ボトルを開けるために必要とされる力の消費は、少なくとも外ネジが塗料で塗装されることによって、さらに減少され、その場合に塗料とアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数はアルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数よりも小さい。   The consumption of the force required to open the bottle is further reduced by at least the outer screw being painted with paint, in which case the coefficient of static friction between the paint and aluminum is between aluminum and aluminum. Is smaller than the coefficient of static friction.

好ましい実施形態によれば、閉鎖キャップのカバーはシール挿入片を有することができる。好ましくはプラスチックから形成されて、例えば閉鎖キャップ内へ射出形成することができる、シール挿入片によって、ボトルの密閉性がさらに高められる。   According to a preferred embodiment, the cover of the closure cap can have a sealing insert. The sealing of the bottle is further enhanced by a sealing insert, which is preferably formed from plastic and can be injection molded, for example, into a closure cap.

本発明を理解しやすくするために、以下の図を用いて本発明を詳細に説明する。図は、著しく簡略化して図式的に示すものである。   In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings. The figure is shown schematically in a simplified manner.

本発明に係るボトルを閉鎖キャップを取り外して示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which removes the closure cap and shows the bottle which concerns on this invention. 図1に基づくボトルのための閉鎖キャップを示す斜視図である。FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a closure cap for the bottle according to FIG. 1. 閉鎖キャップを素の状態で示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows a closure cap in a bare state. 図1に基づくボトルのネックの輪郭をより詳細に示すものである。Fig. 2 shows in more detail the contour of the bottle neck according to Fig. 1;

最初に記録しておくが、異なるように記載される実施形態において、同一の部分には同一の参照符号ないし同一の構成部分名称が設けられており、その場合に説明全体に含まれる開示は、意味に従って同一の参照符号ないし同一の構成部分名称を有する同一の部分へ移し替えることができる。また、説明内で選択される、例えば上、下、側方などのような位置記載は、直接説明され、且つ示される図に関するものであって、これらの位置記載は位置が変化した場合には意味に従って新しい位置へ移し替えられる。   Although initially recorded, in the embodiments described differently, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, and the disclosure included in the entire description in that case is: According to the meaning, it can be transferred to the same part having the same reference number or the same part name. Also, position descriptions, such as up, down, side, etc., selected in the description are directly related to the figure shown and shown, and these position descriptions are in the event of a change in position. It is moved to a new position according to the meaning.

具体的な説明内の値領域についてのすべての記載は、その任意の部分領域とすべての部分領域を共に含むものであって、例えば記載1から10は、下限の1と上限の10から始まるすべての部分領域、すなわち下限の1またはそれ以上で始まり、上限の10またはそれ以下で終了する、例えば1から1.7、または3.2から8.1、あるいは5.5から10のすべての部分領域、を一緒に含んでいるものとする。   All the descriptions of the value area in the specific description include both the arbitrary partial area and all the partial areas. For example, the descriptions 1 to 10 are all starting from the lower limit 1 and the upper limit 10 Subregions, i.e. all parts starting with 1 or more of the lower limit and ending with 10 or less of the upper limit, for example 1 to 1.7, or 3.2 to 8.1, or 5.5 to 10 Territory together.

ここで指摘しておくが、以下において図は包括的に記述されている。   It should be pointed out here that the figures are comprehensively described below.

図1によれば、本発明に係るボトル1は、軽金属、特にアルミニウムあるいはアルミニウム合金からなる、ボトル本体2を有している。ボトル本体2は、その外側及び/又は内側すべてに、あるいは部分的にコーティングすること、例えば塗装することができる。ボトル本体2はネック3を有しており、そのネックには外ネジ4が刻まれている。   According to FIG. 1, a bottle 1 according to the invention has a bottle body 2 made of a light metal, in particular aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The bottle body 2 can be coated, e.g. painted, on the outside and / or all inside, or partially. The bottle body 2 has a neck 3, and an external screw 4 is carved on the neck.

外ネジ4は、好ましくは1条のネジである。その場合に外ネジ4の深さは、好ましくは0.5mmと0.9mmの間にある。外ネジの公称直径は、例えば25mmと30mmの間とすることができる。図示される実施形態によれば、ネジは9mmと15mmの間の範囲の高さを有することができる。外ネジ4のネジ山の数は、少なくとも2つ、特に2と3の間にある。特に好ましくは、外ネジ4のネジ山の数は2.2−2.5の領域に基づいている。外ネジ4は、丸ネジとして形成することができ、その場合にネジ側面の曲率半径は、好ましくは0.4mmと0.8mmの間にある。   The outer screw 4 is preferably a single screw. In that case, the depth of the external screw 4 is preferably between 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm. The nominal diameter of the outer screw can be, for example, between 25 mm and 30 mm. According to the illustrated embodiment, the screw can have a height in the range between 9 mm and 15 mm. The number of threads of the outer screw 4 is at least two, in particular between 2 and 3. Particularly preferably, the number of threads of the outer screw 4 is based on the region 2.2-2.5. The external screw 4 can be formed as a round screw, in which case the radius of curvature of the screw side is preferably between 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm.

外ネジ4は、摩擦を減少させる塗料でコーティングすることができ、その場合に塗料とアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数は、アルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数よりも小さい。   The outer screw 4 can be coated with a paint that reduces friction, in which case the static coefficient of friction between the paint and aluminum is smaller than the static coefficient of friction between aluminum and aluminum.

ボトル1は、同様に、図2と図3に詳細に示すスリーブ形状の閉鎖キャップ5を有している。閉鎖キャップ5は、カバー6とジャケット面7とを有しており、そのジャケット面内に外ネジ4と対応するネジ8が刻印されているので、閉鎖キャップ5は回すことによってネック3から外すことができ、且つ回すことによって再び閉鎖することができる。図3は、閉鎖キャップ5を素の状態で示している。図3に示す閉鎖キャップ5は、ボトル1を閉鎖するためにボトル1の充填後にそれにかぶせられ、その場合にジャケット面7がボトルのネック3の外ネジ4上に位置する。それに続いてここには図示されていない工具により、例えばローラによって、それ自体知られているようにして外ネジ4の輪郭がジャケット面7内へ刻印される。それによって閉鎖キャップ5がボトル1と結合される。それに続いてボトル1は、閉鎖キャップ5を回すことによって再び閉鎖可能に開けることができる。   The bottle 1 likewise has a sleeve-shaped closure cap 5 shown in detail in FIGS. The closure cap 5 has a cover 6 and a jacket surface 7, and a screw 8 corresponding to the external screw 4 is engraved in the jacket surface, so that the closure cap 5 is removed from the neck 3 by turning. And can be closed again by turning. FIG. 3 shows the closure cap 5 in its raw state. The closure cap 5 shown in FIG. 3 is placed on the bottle 1 after it has been filled to close the bottle 1, in which case the jacket surface 7 is located on the external thread 4 of the bottle neck 3. Subsequently, the contour of the external screw 4 is imprinted into the jacket surface 7 in a manner known per se, for example by means of a tool not shown here. Thereby, the closure cap 5 is coupled to the bottle 1. Subsequently, the bottle 1 can be opened again by closing the closure cap 5.

摩擦を減少させるために、閉鎖キャップ5のジャケット面7の内側に塗料を塗ることができ、その場合に塗料とアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数は、アルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数よりも小さい。   In order to reduce the friction, paint can be applied to the inside of the jacket surface 7 of the closure cap 5, in which case the coefficient of static friction between the paint and aluminum is greater than the coefficient of static friction between aluminum and aluminum. Is also small.

もちろん閉鎖キャップ5の内側も、外ネジ4も塗装することができる。この場合においては、2つの塗料の間の静止摩擦係数が、アルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数よりも小さいと、効果的である。   Of course, both the inside of the closure cap 5 and the external screw 4 can be painted. In this case, it is effective if the coefficient of static friction between the two paints is smaller than the coefficient of static friction between aluminum and aluminum.

取扱いを改良し、且つボトル1を開けやすくするために、閉鎖キャップ5の外側面にも塗料を塗ることができ、その場合に人の皮膚とマット塗料との間の静止摩擦係数は、アルミニウムと人の皮膚との間の静止摩擦係数よりも大きい。閉鎖キャップ5の外側面用の塗料として、いわゆる「ソフトタッチ塗料(Soft-Touch-Lack)」を使用することができる。   In order to improve handling and make it easier to open the bottle 1, the outer surface of the closure cap 5 can also be painted, in which case the coefficient of static friction between the human skin and the mat paint is aluminum and It is larger than the coefficient of static friction between human skin. A so-called “Soft-Touch-Lack” can be used as the coating for the outer surface of the closure cap 5.

ここで指摘しておくが、アルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数に関する、この文書における静止摩擦係数のデータは、ボトル1あるいは閉鎖キャップ5のための材料として他の軽金属が使用されるか、に関係なく、量的な値の意味における一般的な基準である。言い換えると、これに関連してアルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数は、1.05の値を意味している。   It should be pointed out here that the static coefficient of friction data in this document concerning the coefficient of static friction between aluminum and aluminum is that other light metals are used as the material for bottle 1 or closure cap 5, Regardless of the general criterion in terms of quantitative values. In other words, the coefficient of static friction between aluminum in this context means a value of 1.05.

閉鎖キャップ5は、ボトル1のネック3を収容するための開口部を除いて閉鎖して形成することができる。ジャケット面7のネジ8とカバー6との間に位置する部分内に、互いに離間したリブを包囲するローレット16を配置することができる。ローレット16は、少なくとも0.1mmの深さを有している。   The closure cap 5 can be formed closed except for an opening for accommodating the neck 3 of the bottle 1. A knurl 16 surrounding the ribs spaced from each other can be arranged in a portion of the jacket surface 7 located between the screw 8 and the cover 6. The knurl 16 has a depth of at least 0.1 mm.

図3から明らかなように、カバー6は、U字状の横断面を備えた溝18を有することができる。溝18は、それ自体閉成されたカーブに沿って、特に円に沿って、一周し、且つ例えばシール挿入片16内に設けることができ、そのシール挿入片はプラスチックから形成されて、例えば閉鎖キャップ5内へ射出形成することができる。しかし溝18は、必ずしも必要ではないので、例えば溝18を省き、シール挿入片16をまったく溝18なしで形成することもできる。   As is apparent from FIG. 3, the cover 6 can have a groove 18 with a U-shaped cross section. The groove 18 can circulate along a closed curve, in particular along a circle, and can be provided, for example, in the seal insert piece 16, which seal insert piece is formed from plastic, for example a closure. It can be injection molded into the cap 5. However, since the groove 18 is not always necessary, for example, the groove 18 may be omitted, and the seal insertion piece 16 may be formed without the groove 18 at all.

ボトル1のネック3の端縁9は、ネック3の折り返した部分10によって形成されており、その部分は、ボトル本体2の開口部の回りを一周する隆起部の形状を有している。図1の表示から明らかなように、ボトル1の端縁9は略O字形状の横断面を有することができる。折り返した部分10の自由端縁は、ボトル1の外側面の方向を向いている。しかし原則的には、端縁9を内側へ折り返すことも可能である。この場合において、折り返した部分10の自由端部はボトル1の内側表面を向くことになる。端縁9は、カバー6へ向いた頂部11の領域内で湾曲して形成されている。   An edge 9 of the neck 3 of the bottle 1 is formed by a folded portion 10 of the neck 3, and this portion has a shape of a raised portion that goes around the opening of the bottle body 2. As is apparent from the representation of FIG. 1, the edge 9 of the bottle 1 can have a substantially O-shaped cross section. The free edge of the folded portion 10 faces the outer surface of the bottle 1. However, in principle, it is also possible to fold the edge 9 inward. In this case, the free end portion of the folded portion 10 faces the inner surface of the bottle 1. The edge 9 is curved and formed in the region of the top 11 facing the cover 6.

図3から明らかなように、閉鎖キャップ5は引きちぎりリング12を有することができ、その引きちぎりリングはウェブ19を介してジャケット面7と結合されている。同時にボトル1のネック3は、図1と4に示すように、外ネジ4に連続し、且つボトル1の外側に位置する、引きちぎりリング12の部分のための第1の載置面13を有することができる。その場合に第1の載置面12は、同様にボトル1の外側に配置されている第2の載置面14へ移行している。第2の載置面14は、第1の載置面13に対して傾斜している。第1の載置面13の方向から見て、第2の載置面14はボトル1の長手中心平面eの方向へ傾斜している。図4から明らかなように、第1の載置面13と、第2の載置面14に接する接線平面tの第1の載置面13へ向いた部分との間に形成される角度αは、最大で45°である。   As can be seen from FIG. 3, the closure cap 5 can have a tear ring 12, which is connected to the jacket surface 7 via a web 19. At the same time, the neck 3 of the bottle 1 has a first mounting surface 13 for the part of the tear-off ring 12 which is continuous with the external screw 4 and located outside the bottle 1, as shown in FIGS. Can have. In that case, the 1st mounting surface 12 has changed to the 2nd mounting surface 14 arrange | positioned on the outer side of the bottle 1 similarly. The second placement surface 14 is inclined with respect to the first placement surface 13. When viewed from the direction of the first placement surface 13, the second placement surface 14 is inclined in the direction of the longitudinal center plane e of the bottle 1. As is clear from FIG. 4, the angle α formed between the first placement surface 13 and the portion of the tangential plane t that contacts the second placement surface 14 that faces the first placement surface 13. Is at most 45 °.

最後に形式的に指摘しておくが、本発明に係るボトルの構造を理解しやすくするために、ボトルもしくはその構成要素は部分的に縮尺通りでなく、及び/又は拡大及び/又は縮小して示されている。   Finally, as pointed out formally, in order to facilitate understanding of the structure of the bottle according to the present invention, the bottle or its components are not partially scaled and / or enlarged and / or reduced. It is shown.

1 ボトル
2 ボトル本体
3 ネック
4 外ネジ
5 閉鎖キャップ
6 カバー
7 ジャケット面
8 ネジ
9 端縁
10 部分
11 頂部
12 引きちぎりリング
13 載置面
14 載置面
15 シール挿入片
16 ローレット
17 ウェブ
18 溝
e 長手中心平面
t 接線平面
α 角度
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bottle 2 Bottle main body 3 Neck 4 External screw 5 Closure cap 6 Cover 7 Jacket surface 8 Screw 9 Edge 10 Part 11 Top part 12 Tear-off ring 13 Placement surface 14 Placement surface 15 Seal insertion piece 16 Knurl 17 Web 18 Groove e Longitudinal center plane t Tangent plane α Angle

Claims (12)

軽金属からなるボトル本体(2)と外ネジ(4)を備えたネック(3)とを有するボトル(1)であって、該ボトル(1)が、該ボトル(1)の開口部を閉鎖するカバー(6)と該カバー(6)に連続し且つ当該ボトルが閉鎖された状態において前記ネック(3)の前記外ネジ(4)と対応するネジ(8)を有するジャケット面(7)とを備えたスリーブ形状の閉鎖キャップ(5)を具備するボトルにおいて、
当該ボトル(1)の前記ネック(3)の端縁(9)が、前記ボトル本体(2)の開口部を一周する隆起部を形成する、前記ネック(3)の折り返された部分(10)によって形成されており、前記折り返された部分(10)の自由端部が当該ボトル(1)の外側面又は内側面を向いており、前記折り返された部分(10)が前記端縁(9)の前記カバー(6)を向いた頂部(11)の領域内で湾曲して形成されており、当該ボトル(1)の前記端縁(9)が略O字形状の横断面を有していることを特徴とするボトル。
A bottle (1) having a bottle body (2) made of light metal and a neck (3) having an external screw (4), the bottle (1) closing an opening of the bottle (1) A cover (6) and a jacket surface (7) having a screw (8) corresponding to the outer screw (4) of the neck (3) in a state of being continuous with the cover (6) and the bottle being closed In a bottle comprising a sleeve-shaped closure cap (5) with:
The folded portion (10) of the neck (3), wherein the edge (9) of the neck (3) of the bottle (1) forms a raised portion that goes around the opening of the bottle body (2). The free end of the folded portion (10) faces the outer or inner surface of the bottle (1), and the folded portion (10) is the edge (9). In the region of the top (11) facing the cover (6), and the edge (9) of the bottle (1) has a substantially O-shaped cross section. A bottle characterized by that.
前記閉鎖キャップ(5)が軽金属から形成されたベース本体(12)を有していることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のボトル。   2. Bottle according to claim 1, characterized in that the closure cap (5) has a base body (12) made of light metal. 前記ボトル本体(2)及び/又は前記閉鎖キャップ(5)の前記ベース本体(12)が、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金から形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載のボトル。   Bottle according to claim 2, characterized in that the bottle body (2) and / or the base body (12) of the closure cap (5) are made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. 前記閉鎖キャップ(5)の前記ジャケット面(7)の内側が塗料で塗装されており、該塗料とアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数が、アルミニウムとアルミニウムの間の静止摩擦係数よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   The inside of the jacket surface (7) of the closure cap (5) is coated with paint, and the coefficient of static friction between the paint and aluminum is smaller than the coefficient of static friction between aluminum and aluminum. The bottle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: 前記閉鎖キャップ(5)の外側面が塗料で塗装されており、人の皮膚とマット塗料との間の静止摩擦係数がアルミニウムと人の皮膚との間の静止摩擦係数よりも大きいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   The outer surface of the closure cap (5) is coated with paint, and the coefficient of static friction between the human skin and the mat paint is larger than the coefficient of static friction between the aluminum and the human skin. The bottle according to any one of claims 1 to 4. 前記閉鎖キャップ(5)が前記ボトル(1)の前記ネック(3)を収容するための開口部を除いて閉鎖して形成されており、前記閉鎖キャップ(5)の前記ジャケット面(7)が、前記ジャケット面(7)の前記ネジ(8)と前記カバー(6)との間に位置する部分内に、互いに離間したリブを備えたローレット(16)を有しており、前記ローレットが少なくとも0.1mmの深さを有していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   The closure cap (5) is formed closed except for an opening for accommodating the neck (3) of the bottle (1), and the jacket surface (7) of the closure cap (5) A knurl (16) having ribs spaced from each other in a portion of the jacket surface (7) located between the screw (8) and the cover (6). The bottle according to claim 1, which has a depth of 0.1 mm. 前記閉鎖キャップ(5)が引きちぎりリング(12)を有し、該引きちぎりリングがウェブ(19)を介して前記ネジ(8)を有するジャケット面(7)と結合されており、前記ボトル(1)の前記ネック(3)が、前記外ネジ(4)に連続し且つ当該ボトル(1)の外側に位置する、前記引きちぎりリング(12)の部分のための第1の載置面(13)を有しており、前記第1の載置面(13)が、該第1の載置面(13)に対して傾斜し且つ同様に当該ボトルの外側に位置する第2の載置面(14)へ移行しており、該第2の載置面が、前記第1の載置面(13)から当該ボトル(1)の底の方向に見て、当該ボトル(1)の長手中心平面(e)の方向に傾斜しており、前記第1の載置面(13)と、前記第2の載置面(14)に接する接線平面(t)の前記第1の載置面(13)を向いた部分との間に形成される角度(α)が、最大で45°であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   The closure cap (5) has a tear ring (12), which is connected via a web (19) to a jacket surface (7) with the screw (8), The first mounting surface (1) for the part of the tear ring (12) in which the neck (3) of 1) is continuous with the external screw (4) and is located outside the bottle (1) 13), and the first placement surface (13) is inclined with respect to the first placement surface (13) and is similarly located outside the bottle. The second placement surface is seen from the first placement surface (13) toward the bottom of the bottle (1), and the length of the bottle (1) It is inclined in the direction of the central plane (e) and is in contact with the first placement surface (13) and the second placement surface (14). The angle (α) formed between the line plane (t) and the portion facing the first placement surface (13) is 45 ° at the maximum. The bottle according to any one of the above. 前記外ネジ(4)が1条ネジであって、該外ネジ(4)の深さの値が、0.5mmを下限とし0.9mmを上限とする値領域内にあり、且つ、前記外ネジ(4)の公称直径の値が、25mmを下限とし30mmを上限とする値領域内にあり、且つ、ネジの高さの値が、9mmを下限とし15mmを上限とする値領域内にあって、前記外ネジのネジ山数が少なくとも2つ、特に2と3の間にある、ことを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   The external screw (4) is a single thread, and the depth value of the external screw (4) is in a value region where 0.5 mm is the lower limit and 0.9 mm is the upper limit, The nominal diameter value of the screw (4) is in the value region where the lower limit is 25 mm and the upper limit is 30 mm, and the height value of the screw is within the value region where the lower limit is 9 mm and the upper limit is 15 mm. The bottle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the number of threads of the outer screw is at least 2, in particular between 2 and 3. 前記外ネジ(4)が丸ネジであって、ネジ側面の曲率半径の値が0.4mmと0.8mmとの間の値領域に基づいていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   The external screw (4) is a round screw, and the value of the curvature radius of the screw side is based on a value region between 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm. The bottle according to any one item. 少なくとも前記外ネジ(4)が塗料で塗装されており、塗料とアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数が、アルミニウムとアルミニウムとの間の静止摩擦係数よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   10. The outer screw (4) is coated with a paint, and a coefficient of static friction between the paint and aluminum is smaller than a coefficient of static friction between aluminum and aluminum. The bottle according to any one of the above. 前記閉鎖キャップ(5)の前記カバー(6)がシール挿入片(16)を有していることを特徴とする請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載のボトル。   11. Bottle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (6) of the closure cap (5) has a sealing insert (16). 前記シール挿入片(16)がプラスチックから形成されていることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のボトル。   12. Bottle according to claim 11, characterized in that the sealing insert (16) is made of plastic.
JP2016074181A 2015-04-02 2016-04-01 Bottle having closing cap Pending JP2016196331A (en)

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