JP2016180343A - Internal combustion engine combustion state determination method and internal combustion engine combustion state determination device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an internal combustion engine combustion state determination method and an internal combustion engine combustion state determination device capable of making a size of the determination device into compact one and reducing its cost in which complex calculation processing using a high-speed CPU or a memory is not required for determining whether or not irregular combustion occurs at the time of combustion of the internal combustion engine and a time duration for the determination is short.SOLUTION: In this invention, a normal combustion state light emission intensity EIn(α) and a determination combustion state light emission intensity EId(β) of substance having spectrum of flame selected are measured under a normal combustion state and a determination combustion state of an internal combustion engine E, a normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn and a determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd are calculated in reference to these measured values and compared with each other, thereby it is determined whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E under the determination combustion state is an irregular combustion state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine combustion state determination method and an internal combustion engine combustion state determination device that determine whether or not the combustion state of an internal combustion engine is abnormal, in particular, whether or not knocking has occurred. It is.

  Conventionally, Patent Document 1 discloses a method for judging and diagnosing a combustion state by analyzing a spectrum of light emitted from combustion products contained in a flame of a burner in a furnace. In the above-mentioned document, the spectrum emitted from one substance as a reference substance is measured and divided into two or more wavelengths, and the brightness of the substance is analyzed to determine the flame temperature and the emission rate of the substance. In addition to detecting combustion abnormalities by diagnosing the combustion state of the flame from the relationship with the index indicating the combustion state obtained in advance, it is also possible to predict the amount of NOx, CO, and dust generated from the combustion flame A technique related to the combustion state diagnosis method is disclosed.

  The technical idea regarding the above-described combustion state diagnosis method is that, even in the research and development of internal combustion engines, it is possible to visualize the combustion state by analyzing the flame in the combustion chamber and feed back the results to the research and development of internal combustion engines. Etc. can be utilized.

  However, in the case of an internal combustion engine, unlike a furnace, a device for diagnosing the state of exhaust gas with another detection device is provided. For this reason, in research and development, the amount of NOx, CO, and dust is predicted. However, it is expected to be utilized for diagnosis of whether or not the combustion state, particularly the abnormal combustion state, or the state where knocking has occurred. However, the prior art method for diagnosing the combustion state requires complicated calculations with functions, and thus requires complex arithmetic processing using a high-speed CPU and memory, which in turn requires a long time to make a determination. In addition, there are problems such as an increase in size and cost of the determination device.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-27571

  The present application has been made in view of such circumstances, and its purpose is to determine whether or not abnormal combustion, so-called knocking, has occurred during combustion of the internal combustion engine in the combustion state determination method, and to perform high-speed CPU and memory The present invention provides an internal combustion engine combustion state determination method and an internal combustion engine combustion state determination device that do not require complicated arithmetic processing using an engine, can be performed in a short time until determination, and can reduce the size and cost of the determination device. is there.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
In the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine, the spectrum of the emission of the combustion products contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is spectrally divided into the wavelength range of radical emission of one substance selected from the combustion products,
For each crank rotation angle of the internal combustion engine, measure the normal combustion state emission intensity, which is the radical emission intensity of the selected substance,
Obtaining a maximum normal combustion state emission intensity which is the maximum value of the normal combustion state emission intensity in one cycle of the internal combustion engine;
The normal combustion state luminescence intensity is converted into a normal combustion state luminescence intensity peak ratio value which is a peak ratio value with the maximum normal combustion state luminescence intensity being 100%,
Obtaining a first region of a crank rotation angle at which the normal combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value;
Obtaining a first crank rotation angle and a second crank rotation angle which are both ends of the first region;
Calculating a normal combustion state crank rotation angle width that is a width between the first crank rotation angle and the second crank rotation angle;
In the determination combustion state for determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine, the spectrum of emission of the combustion products contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is spectrally divided into the wavelength region of radical emission of the selected substance,
A determination combustion state luminescence intensity that is a radical luminescence intensity of the selected substance is measured for each crank rotation angle of the internal combustion engine in the determination combustion state;
Obtaining a maximum judgment combustion state luminescence intensity which is a maximum value of the judgment combustion state luminescence intensity in one cycle of the internal combustion engine in the judgment combustion state;
The determination combustion state luminescence intensity is converted into a determination combustion state luminescence intensity peak ratio value that is a peak ratio value with the maximum determination combustion state luminescence intensity being 100%,
Obtaining a second region of crank rotation angle at which the determined combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than the reference emission intensity peak ratio value;
Obtain the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle that are both ends of the second region,
A determination combustion state crank rotation angle width that is a width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle is calculated;
By comparing the magnitude of the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width and the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width,
An internal combustion engine combustion state determination method characterized by determining whether or not a combustion state of an internal combustion engine in a determination combustion state is an abnormal combustion state.

  According to such a configuration, in the method for determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is abnormal, in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine and the determination combustion state for which determination is sought, respectively, The radical emission intensity of one substance selected from the combustion products contained in the flame is measured for each crank rotation angle, and the radical emission intensity is divided by the maximum radical emission intensity of the maximum value in one cycle to obtain radicals. Converted to a luminescence intensity peak ratio value, a crank rotation angle region where the radical luminescence intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference luminescence intensity peak ratio value is determined, and a crank rotation angle width at both ends of the region is determined. The combustion state crank rotation angle width is compared with the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width, and whether or not the combustion state to be determined is abnormal combustion by comparing the magnitudes. Since it is determined whether or not so-called knocking has occurred, it is possible to determine the combustion state of the internal combustion engine without complicated calculations as in the prior art, and the calculation time until the determination result can be shortened. In addition, complicated arithmetic processing using a higher-speed CPU and memory is not required, and the determination device used in the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method can be reduced in size and cost.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides:
In the determination combustion state for determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine, the emission spectrum of the combustion product contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is the radical emission of one substance selected from the combustion products. Spectroscopy into the wavelength region,
A determination combustion state luminescence intensity that is a radical luminescence intensity of the selected substance is measured for each crank rotation angle of the internal combustion engine in the determination combustion state;
Obtaining a maximum judgment combustion state luminescence intensity which is a maximum value of the judgment combustion state luminescence intensity in one cycle of the internal combustion engine in the judgment combustion state;
The determination combustion state luminescence intensity is converted into a determination combustion state luminescence intensity peak ratio value that is a peak ratio value with the maximum determination combustion state luminescence intensity being 100%
Obtaining a second region of the crank rotation angle at which the determined combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value;
Obtain the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle that are both ends of the second region,
A determination combustion state crank rotation angle width that is a width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle is calculated;
By comparing the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width with respect to a predetermined reference crank rotation angle width,
An internal combustion engine combustion state determination method characterized by determining whether or not a combustion state of an internal combustion engine in a determination combustion state is an abnormal combustion state.

  According to such a configuration, in the method for determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is abnormal, the combustion product contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in the determination combustion state for determining the internal combustion engine The radical emission intensity of one substance selected from the above is measured at each crank rotation angle, and this radical emission intensity is divided by the maximum radical emission intensity of the maximum value in one cycle and converted to a radical emission intensity peak ratio value. Determining a crank rotation angle region that is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value, determining a crank rotation angle width at both ends of the region, determining combustion state crank rotation angle width, and predetermined reference crank rotation angle width; Can be determined by comparing the magnitudes and whether or not the combustion state to be determined is abnormal combustion. The combustion state of the internal combustion engine can be determined, the calculation time until the determination result can be shortened, and complicated calculation processing using a high-speed CPU and memory is not required. Downsizing and cost reduction can be achieved.

The substance selected from the combustion products is OH,
The reference light emission intensity peak ratio value may be 85% or more and 95% or less.

  According to such a configuration, the change amount of the emission intensity peak ratio value with respect to the crank rotation angle in the region where the emission intensity peak ratio value of OH radical emission is 85% or more and 95% or less is caused by abnormal combustion occurring in the internal combustion engine. If it is detected, the combined light with the light emitted by the self-ignition in addition to the light emitted by the flame propagation from the spark plug is detected. On the other hand, if no abnormal combustion has occurred in the internal combustion engine, the flame propagation from the spark plug Since only the light emission due to is detected, the abnormal combustion state becomes larger than the normal combustion state. That is, the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width in the abnormal combustion state is smaller than the combustion state crank rotation angle width in the normal combustion state. It becomes easy to determine whether or not abnormal combustion has occurred in the engine, and the accuracy of determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is abnormal can be improved.

In the determination combustion state, when there are two or more second regions,
Of the plurality of second regions, the width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle at both ends of the first second region in one cycle of the internal combustion engine may be used as the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width. Good.

  According to such a configuration, when there are two or more second regions of the crank rotation angle that are equal to or greater than the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value in one cycle of the internal combustion engine, the two ends of the second region that are generated first are Since the width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle is the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width, it is possible to reduce the determination time as to whether or not the internal combustion engine is in abnormal combustion, and to improve the determination accuracy. Can be improved.

The reference crank rotation angle width is within a range of more than 0 ° and not more than 6 °,
When the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width is equal to or smaller than the reference crank rotation angle width, it may be determined that the combustion state of the internal combustion engine in the determination combustion state is an abnormal combustion state.

  According to such a configuration, it is easy to determine whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is an abnormal combustion state, the time required for the determination can be further shortened, and the determination accuracy can be further improved. it can.

  The reference crank rotation angle width may be greater than 0 ° and not greater than 4 °.

  According to such a configuration, it is possible to further improve the accuracy of determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is an abnormal combustion state.

The present invention
An optical probe that receives light emitted from a combustion product contained in a flame in a combustion chamber of a predetermined combustion state of the internal combustion engine;
A spectroscope connected to the optical probe and performing spectroscopy on a wavelength in a wavelength region of radical emission of one substance selected from the combustion products;
A light emission intensity detector that converts the light emission intensity of the dispersed light into an electrical signal and outputs the electrical signal;
A crank rotation angle detector that transmits a signal for each predetermined crank rotation angle as the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine rotates.
A data recording device for inputting and recording the light emission intensity at the crank rotation angle and the crank rotation angle;
An analysis processing device that receives the crank rotation angle and the emission intensity for each crank rotation angle from the data recording device, and determines whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is an abnormal combustion state;
The analysis processing apparatus includes:
Determining a determination combustion state maximum light emission intensity which is a maximum value of the light emission intensity in one cycle of the internal combustion engine for determining a combustion state;
The emission intensity is converted into a determination combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value which is a peak ratio value where the determination combustion state maximum emission intensity is 100%,
Obtaining a second region of the crank rotation angle at which the determined combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value;
Obtain the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle that are both ends of the second region,
A determination combustion state crank rotation angle width that is a width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle is calculated;
It is determined whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is an abnormal combustion state by comparing the magnitude of the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width with a reference crank rotation angle width input in advance. Is an internal combustion engine combustion determination device.

  According to such a configuration, in the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device that determines whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is abnormal, the combustion product contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the predetermined combustion state of the internal combustion engine Is emitted from the optical probe, and is dispersed into the wavelength of the radical emission wavelength region of one substance selected from the combustion products by the spectrometer, and the radical emission of the light separated by the emission intensity measuring device. The intensity is converted into an electrical signal for each crank rotation angle and output, and the radical emission intensity is divided by the maximum radical emission intensity of the maximum value in one cycle and converted into a radical emission intensity peak ratio value by an analysis processing device. , A crank rotation angle region where the radical emission intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value is determined, and the crank rotation angle at both ends of the region is determined. The determined combustion state crank rotation angle width is compared with a reference crank rotation angle width input in advance, and by comparing the magnitudes, it is determined whether or not the combustion state to be determined is abnormal combustion. As a result, it is possible to determine the combustion state of an internal combustion engine without complicated calculations as in the past, and it is possible to shorten the calculation time to the determination result, and to use a faster CPU and memory. Arithmetic processing is not required, and the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device can be reduced in size and cost.

The reference crank rotation angle width is calculated in advance in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine and input to the analysis processing device,
The reference crank rotation angle width is
Spectral emission spectrum of combustion products contained in a flame in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in a normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine in a wavelength region of radical emission of the selected substance,
For each crank rotation angle of the internal combustion engine, measure the normal combustion state emission intensity, which is the radical emission intensity of the selected substance,
Obtaining a maximum normal combustion state emission intensity which is the maximum value of the normal combustion state emission intensity in one cycle of the internal combustion engine;
The normal combustion state luminescence intensity is converted into a normal combustion state luminescence intensity peak ratio value which is a peak ratio value with the maximum normal combustion state luminescence intensity being 100%,
Obtaining a first region of a crank rotation angle at which the normal combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than the reference emission intensity peak ratio value;
Obtaining a first crank rotation angle and a second crank rotation angle which are both ends of the first region;
It may be calculated as a width between the first crank rotation angle and the second crank rotation angle.

  According to such a configuration, the reference crank rotation angle width is calculated from the value obtained by measuring the normal combustion state emission intensity, which is the radical emission intensity of the substance selected in advance in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine, and the analysis processing device. Whether or not the combustion state to be determined is abnormal combustion by comparing the reference crank rotation angle width with the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width to be determined and comparing the magnitudes Therefore, the calculation time until the determination result can be further shortened, complicated calculation processing using a high-speed CPU or memory is not required, and the determination device used in the combustion state determination method for the internal combustion engine Can be further reduced in size and cost.

The substance selected from the combustion products is OH,
The reference light emission intensity peak ratio value may be 85% or more and 95% or less.

  According to such a configuration, since OH is one substance selected from the combustion products and the standard emission intensity peak ratio value is 85% or more and 95% or less, the emission intensity peak ratio of OH radical emission The amount of change in the emission intensity peak ratio value relative to the crank rotation angle in the region where the value is 85% or more and 95% or less is not only the light emission due to the propagation of the flame from the spark plug when abnormal combustion occurs in the internal combustion engine. Although the combined light with the light emission due to ignition is detected, on the other hand, when there is no abnormal combustion in the internal combustion engine, only light emission due to the propagation of flame from the spark plug is detected, so normal combustion in the abnormal combustion state It becomes larger than the case of the state. That is, the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width in the abnormal combustion state is smaller than the combustion state crank rotation angle width in the normal combustion state. It becomes easy to determine whether or not abnormal combustion has occurred in the engine, and the accuracy of determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is abnormal can be improved.

When there are two or more second regions of the crank rotation angle,
Of the plurality of second regions, the width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle at both ends of the first second region in one cycle of the internal combustion engine may be used as the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width. Good.

  According to such a configuration, when there are two or more second regions of the crank rotation angle that are equal to or greater than the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value in one cycle of the internal combustion engine, the two ends of the second region that are generated first are Since the width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle is the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width, it is possible to reduce the determination time as to whether or not the internal combustion engine is in abnormal combustion, and to improve the determination accuracy. Can be improved.

The reference crank rotation angle width is in the range of more than 0 ° and not more than 6 °,
The analysis processing device may determine that the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is an abnormal combustion state when the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width is within the range of the reference crank rotation angle width.

  According to such a configuration, it is easy to determine whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is an abnormal combustion state, the time required for the determination can be further shortened, and the determination accuracy can be further improved. it can.

  The reference crank rotation angle width may be greater than 0 ° and not greater than 4 °.

  According to such a configuration, it is possible to further improve the accuracy of determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is an abnormal combustion state.

  In the present invention, it is possible to determine the combustion state of the internal combustion engine without complicated calculation as in the prior art, it is possible to shorten the calculation time until the determination result, and more complex using high-speed CPU and memory Arithmetic processing is not required, and the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device used in the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method can be reduced in size and cost.

It is the schematic of an internal combustion engine combustion state determination apparatus. It is the side view which cut a part showing an example of an internal-combustion engine used for the present invention. It is the figure which looked at the upper wall part of the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine from the piston side. 6 is a graph showing the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value and the in-cylinder pressure in the combustion chamber measured for each crank rotation angle, respectively, measured by optical probes attached to a plurality of locations on the upper wall of the combustion chamber. 4 is a graph showing the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value and in-cylinder pressure for each crank rotation angle when the internal combustion engine is in a non-knocking condition under a high load condition. 4 is a graph showing the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value and in-cylinder pressure for each crank rotation angle when the internal combustion engine is in a trace knocking state under high load conditions. 5 is a graph showing the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value and in-cylinder pressure for each crank rotation angle when the internal combustion engine is in a heavy knocking state under high load conditions. 6 is a graph showing the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value and in-cylinder pressure for each crank rotation angle when the engine is in a non-knock state under a low load condition of an internal combustion engine. 5 is a graph showing the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value and in-cylinder pressure for each crank rotation angle when the internal combustion engine is in a trace knocking state under low load conditions. 5 is a graph showing the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value and in-cylinder pressure for each crank rotation angle when the internal combustion engine is in a heavy knocking state under low load conditions. 3 is a graph showing the in-cylinder pressure and the peak ratio value of OH radical emission intensity for each crank rotation angle under predetermined conditions of an internal combustion engine. 4 is a graph showing a peak ratio value of OH emission intensity in a typical knocking state and a non-knocking state of an internal combustion engine for each crank rotation angle. It is the graph which showed the appearance rate of the area | region which becomes more than the reference | standard peak ratio value in the various combustion states of an internal combustion engine for every crank rotation angle width. It is the graph which showed the accumulation appearance rate in which the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd in the various engine speeds of an internal combustion engine becomes below standard crank rotation angle width B (4 degree | times) for every ignition timing. It is the graph which showed the accumulation appearance rate in which the judgment combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd in the various cooling water temperature of an internal combustion engine becomes below the reference | standard crank rotation angle width B (4 degree | times) for every ignition timing. It is the graph which showed the accumulation appearance rate in which the judgment combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd in the various compression ratios of an internal combustion engine becomes below the reference | standard crank rotation angle width B (4 degree | times) for every ignition timing.

  The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is abnormal. Specifically, the combustion light in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine E is measured, and the internal combustion engine E is measured. It is determined whether or not the engine E is in a knocking state where knocking occurs. This will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[Outline of Internal Combustion Engine Combustion State Judgment Device]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an internal combustion engine combustion state determination device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The internal combustion engine combustion state determination apparatus 1 includes an optical probe 2 that is attached with a tip directed into the combustion chamber 30 of the internal combustion engine E and into which combustion light in the combustion chamber 30 is incident, and combustion light incident from the optical probe 2 A spectroscope 4 that splits the light into light of a predetermined wavelength, a crank rotation angle encoder 8 that is attached to the end of the crankshaft 27 of the internal combustion engine E and sends a crank rotation angle signal every time the crankshaft 27 rotates 0.1 degrees, and combustion A pressure measuring device 9 for measuring the in-cylinder pressure in the chamber 30, a combustion analysis device 10 for recording in-cylinder pressure data sent from the pressure measuring device 9, and the power of the internal combustion engine E attached to the end of the crankshaft 27 Power meter 11, fuel flow meter 12, A / F sensor 13, data recording device 15 for recording data sent from these devices, and data recording device 15 Based on the analysis processing, combustion of the internal combustion engine An analysis processing device 16 that determines whether or not the firing state is abnormal is provided. The data recording device 15 and the analysis processing device 16 are stored in the personal computer 14.

  FIG. 2 shows an example of an internal combustion engine E in which the combustion state is measured by the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device 1 of the present embodiment. In the internal combustion engine E, a cylinder block 20, a cylinder head 21, and a head cover 22 are sequentially stacked on a crankcase 23, and are fastened together with bolts (not shown). The cylinder block 20 is formed with a cylindrical cylinder bore 24, and a piston 25 is slidably fitted in the cylinder bore 24. The piston 25 is rotatably supported on the crankcase 23 via a connecting rod 26. Is connected to the crankshaft 27. A combustion chamber 30 is formed in the cylinder head 21, an intake valve port 31 and an exhaust valve port 32 are formed in the upper wall portion 30a of the combustion chamber 30, and the intake valve port 31 is connected to the exhaust valve port by an intake valve 41. 32 is opened and closed by an exhaust valve 42.

  FIG. 2 is a view of the upper wall portion 30a of the combustion chamber 30 of the internal combustion engine E as viewed from the piston side. The upper wall portion 30a of the combustion chamber 30 is formed with an intake valve port 31 and an exhaust valve port 32 on which one or a plurality of intake valves 41 and exhaust valves 42 are respectively seated. A spark plug insertion hole 33 through which the spark plug 43 is inserted is provided at the center surrounded by the valve port 32.

  In the internal combustion engine combustion state determination apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, an optical probe insertion hole 34 is provided at a point A located at the end of the combustion chamber 30 on the exhaust valve port 32 side of the upper wall portion 30a. The optical probe 2 is inserted and attached so that its tip protrudes slightly from the upper wall portion 30a of the combustion chamber 30. The other end of the optical probe 2 is connected to the spectroscope 4 via the optical fiber 3, and the combustion light in the combustion chamber 30 enters the optical probe 2 and reaches the spectroscope 4 via the optical fiber 3. It has come to be. The optical probe 2 attached to the internal combustion engine combustion state determination apparatus 1 of the present embodiment has a viewing angle of 23 degrees, for example.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a pressure measuring device mounting hole 35 is formed at a point P on the upper wall portion 30 a of the combustion chamber 30, and a pressure measuring device 9 for measuring the in-cylinder pressure of the combustion chamber 30 is mounted. Yes.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the spectroscope 4 to which the combustion light of the internal combustion engine E is incident reflects a dichroic mirror 5 that reflects only light of a predetermined wavelength and allows light of other wavelengths to pass through, and reflects from the dichroic mirror 5. And a band-pass filter 6 that transmits only light of a specific wavelength, and the spectroscope 4 splits only light of a predetermined wavelength in the flame emission of the internal combustion engine E. . The spectroscope 4 of the present embodiment is configured to split the wavelength of radical emission of one of the combustion products in the combustion chamber 30 from the emission of the flame of the internal combustion engine E, for example, OH radical emission. The light of the wavelength of 307.5 mm which is the wavelength region of is divided.

  The OH radical emission intensity EI (α), which is the intensity of light having a wavelength of 307.5 mm, which is the wavelength region of the dispersed OH radical, is 0.1 degree of the crank rotation angle α by the optical electron multiplier 7 as the emission intensity detector. Each time it is measured and converted into an electric signal having a voltage value, sent to the data recording device 15 and recorded.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a pressure measuring device mounting hole 35 is formed at one end of a region sandwiching the intake valve port 31 and the exhaust valve port 32 at a point P on the upper wall portion 30a of the combustion chamber 30 of the internal combustion engine. The pressure measuring device 9 is formed in the pressure measuring device mounting hole 35, and the in-cylinder pressure P (α) in the combustion chamber 30 is measured every 0.1 degrees of the crank rotation angle α, and the data is sent to the combustion analysis apparatus 10. Is then sent to the data recording device 15 for recording. The pressure measuring device 9 of the present embodiment uses a pressure element type pressure transducer.

  A crank rotation angle encoder 8 as a crank rotation angle detector for converting the crank rotation angle α of the crankshaft 27 into an electric signal is attached to the shaft end of the crankshaft 27, and the crank rotation is performed every 0.1 degrees of the crank rotation angle α. An angle signal is sent to the data recording device 15. As for the crank rotation angle α, the crank rotation angle at the top dead center of the internal combustion engine E is detected as 0 degree, and the crank rotation angle after the top dead center is detected as a positive value.

[Internal combustion engine combustion state judgment method]
The internal combustion engine combustion state determination method of the present invention uses the above-described internal combustion engine combustion state determination device 1 to determine whether the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is abnormal in the following procedure. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the internal combustion engine E is in a knocking state in which knocking has occurred.

[Calculation of normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn in normal combustion state of internal combustion engine]
(1) The emission spectrum of the combustion products contained in the flame in the combustion chamber 30 of the internal combustion engine E in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is made incident from the optical probe 2 whose tip protrudes into the combustion chamber 30. The spectroscope 4 is reached through the optical fiber 3.

  (2) The incident combustion light is split by the spectroscope 4 into the radical emission wavelength region of one substance selected from the combustion products. In the present embodiment, the dichroic mirror 5 and the bandpass filter 6 of the spectroscope 4 split the light into a wavelength of 307.5 nm which is a wavelength region of OH radical emission.

  (3) In the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine E, the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) every 0.1 degrees of the crank rotation angle α of the internal combustion engine E is a voltage value by the optical electron multiplier 7 as the emission intensity measuring device. Is converted into an electrical signal and measured, sent to the data recording device 15, and recorded. Hereinafter, the emission intensity of light dispersed in the wavelength region of OH radical emission at the crank rotation angle α in the normal combustion state is referred to as normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α).

(4) The normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α) of the internal combustion engine E recorded in the data recording device 15 is read out to the analysis processing device 16, and the analysis processing device 16 is normal during one cycle of the internal combustion engine E. Processing for obtaining the maximum normal combustion state light emission intensity EIn _max which is the maximum value of the combustion state light emission intensity EIn (α) is performed.

(5) The analysis processing device 16 determines that the normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α) is a peak ratio value obtained by setting the previously obtained maximum normal combustion state emission intensity EIn _max to 100%. The following processing for converting to EInR (α) is performed.
EInR (α) = EIn (α) / EIn _max

(6) The analysis processing device 16 obtains the first region of the crank rotation angle where the normal combustion state light emission intensity peak ratio value EInR (α) is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A as described below. .
EInR (α) ≧ A
A first crank rotation angle α1 and a second crank rotation angle α2 that are both ends of the first region are obtained. A normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn, which is the difference between the first crank rotation angle α1 and the second crank rotation angle α2, is calculated and recorded in the data recording device 15.
Dn = α2-α1
The predetermined reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A is preferably a value of 85% or more.

[Calculation of Determination Combustion State Crank Rotation Angle Width Dd in Determination Combustion State of Internal Combustion Engine]
(1) Determination for determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E The tip of the combustion chamber 30 is projected from the emission spectrum of the combustion products contained in the flame in the combustion chamber 30 of the internal combustion engine E in the combustion state. The light is incident from the optical probe 2 and reaches the spectroscope 4 through the optical fiber 3.

  (2) The incident combustion light is split by the spectroscope 4 into the radical emission wavelength region of one substance selected from the combustion products. In the present embodiment, the dichroic mirror 5 and the bandpass filter 6 of the spectroscope 4 split the light into a wavelength of 307.5 nm which is a wavelength region of OH radical emission.

  (3) In the determined combustion state of the internal combustion engine E, the OH radical emission intensity EI (β) is measured every 0.1 degrees of the crank rotation angle β of the internal combustion engine E, sent to the data recording device 15 and recorded. Hereinafter, the emission intensity dispersed in the wavelength region of OH radical emission at the crank rotation angle α in the determined combustion state is referred to as determined combustion state emission intensity EId (β).

(4) The determined combustion state emission intensity EId (β) of the internal combustion engine E recorded in the data recording device 15 is read out to the analysis processing device 16, and the analysis processing device 16 performs the determined combustion in one cycle of the internal combustion engine E. performs processing for obtaining the maximum determined combustion state emission intensity EId _max is the maximum value of the state emission intensity EId (beta).

(5) The analysis processing device 16 determines the determined combustion state luminescence intensity EId (β) as a peak ratio value where the previously determined maximum determined combustion state luminescence intensity (EId _max ) is 100%. The following processing for converting to the ratio value EIdR (β) is performed.
EIdR (β) = EId (β) / EId _max

(6) The analysis processing device 16 obtains the second region of the crank rotation angle where the determined combustion state light emission intensity peak ratio value EIdR (β) is equal to or greater than the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A as described below.
End (β) ≧ A
A third crank rotation angle β1 and a fourth crank rotation angle β2 that are both ends of the second region are obtained. A determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd that is a difference between the third crank rotation angle β1 and the fourth crank rotation angle β2 is calculated.
Dd = β2-β1

  When there are two or more second regions in one cycle of combustion of the internal combustion engine E, the third crank rotation angle β1 and the fourth crank rotation angle β2 at both ends of the first second region in one cycle The width is calculated as the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd. Note that one cycle of the internal combustion engine E starts from the intake stroke, and in that order is one cycle in the intake stroke, the compression stroke, the combustion / expansion stroke, and the exhaust stroke.

[Judgment of combustion state]
The analysis processing device 16 reads out the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn from the data recording device, and compares the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd with the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn, thereby determining the determined combustion state. It is determined whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is an abnormal combustion state.
At this time, when the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is larger than the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn, that is,
Dd> Dn
In the case of non-knocking state, that is, normal combustion state,
When the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is equal to or less than the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn, that is,
Dd ≦ Dn
In this case, the knocking state, that is, the abnormal combustion state is determined.

[Judgment method to input the reference crank rotation angle width B in advance]
In the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method described above, the normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α) in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is measured to calculate the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn, and the determined combustion state The combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is determined in comparison with the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd. However, the data recording device can be used in advance without measuring the normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α) of the internal combustion engine E. The reference crank rotation angle width B may be input to 15. The reference crank rotation angle width B is preferably in the range of more than 0 ° and not more than 6 °, and optimally more than 0 ° and not more than 4 °.

  In this case, first, as described above, in the determined combustion state, the combustion light in the combustion chamber 30 is dispersed, the determined combustion state emission intensity EId (β) is measured, and the analysis processing device 16 determines the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd. Is calculated.

The analysis processing device 16 reads the reference crank rotation angle width B from the data recording device, and compares the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd with the reference crank rotation angle width B to thereby determine the internal combustion engine E in the determined combustion state. It is determined whether the combustion state is an abnormal combustion state.
At this time, when the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is larger than the reference crank rotation angle width B, that is, Dd> B
In the case of non-knocking state, that is, normal combustion state,
Determination combustion state When the crank rotation angle width Dd is equal to or less than the reference crank rotation angle width B, that is, Dd ≦ B
In this case, the knocking state, that is, the abnormal combustion state is determined.

[Principle and Verification of Internal Combustion Engine Combustion State Determination Method of the Present Invention]
In the internal combustion engine combustion state determination apparatus 1 and the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method using the same according to the present invention, the principle of the method for determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is abnormal and the verification thereof will be described in detail below. To do.

  A 4-stroke water-cooled single-cylinder internal combustion engine E for a small two-wheeled vehicle having the performance shown in Table 1 below is operated under various conditions by using the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device 1, and the combustion chamber 30 is operated. The in-cylinder pressure P (α) and the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) are measured and verified every 0.1 degrees of the crank rotation angle α.

Table 1

[Verification of optical probe mounting position]
The optimum mounting position of the optical probe 2 used in the internal combustion engine combustion state determination apparatus 1 of this embodiment in the combustion chamber 30 is verified. As shown in FIG. 2, the optical probe 2 is attached to each of the points A, B, C, and D of the upper wall portion 30a, the pressure measuring device 9 is attached to the point P, and the operating conditions are defined as the engine speed. Knocking is intentionally generated by advancing the ignition timing at 6000 rpm and throttle opening 100%, and the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) and in-cylinder pressure P (α) are set for each crank rotation angle (α). Measured. As shown in FIG. 2, point A is at the end of the combustion chamber 30 on the exhaust valve port 32 side of the upper wall portion 30a, and points B and C are the end of the combustion chamber between the intake valve port 31 and the exhaust valve port 32. In addition, point D is a point located at the end of the combustion chamber 30 on the intake valve port 31 side.

The OH radical emission intensity EI (α) measured at each position of the optical probe 2 is divided by the maximum OH radical emission intensity EI _max in each cycle to obtain the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value EIR (α). FIG. 4 is a graph in which the in-cylinder pressure P (α) is the vertical axis and the crank rotation angle α is the horizontal axis. Hereinafter, the shape of the graph with the crank rotation angle α as the horizontal axis and the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio EIR (α) as the vertical axis is defined as the OH radical emission intensity waveform, and the crank rotation angle α as the horizontal axis. The shape of the graph representing the in-cylinder pressure P (α) as the vertical axis is defined as the in-cylinder pressure waveform.

  According to the graph of FIG. 4, the in-cylinder pressure waveform starts to oscillate from around 10 degrees of the crank rotation angle, and shows a waveform unique to the occurrence of knocking. Further, in the OH radical emission intensity waveform, it was confirmed that the OH radical emission intensity waveform at the point A showed the largest value with respect to the other points. There is also a report that the self-ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the knocking state occurs on the intake valve port 31 side of the combustion chamber 30. From the above, it was verified that the point A was optimal for the mounting position of the optical probe 2.

[Verification of relationship between various combustion states and OH radical emission intensity of internal combustion engine]
Next, the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) and in-cylinder pressure P (α) are set for each crank rotation angle (α) of the internal combustion engine E in various combustion states under high load operation conditions and low load operation conditions. Measurements were made to verify the relationship between various combustion states of the internal combustion engine E and OH radical emission intensity.

  In this experiment, various combustion states of the internal combustion engine E were created by changing the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine E. First, in the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E, a non-knocking state in which knocking has not occurred is created, and a trace knocking state, which is a limit at which knocking starts to occur by gradually advancing the ignition timing from the ignition timing in this non-knocking state, Further, the ignition timing was advanced to create a heavy knocking state in which intense knocking occurred, and experiments were performed under the high load operation condition and the low load operation condition of the internal combustion engine E, respectively.

In each state, the in-cylinder pressure P (α) and the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) in the combustion chamber 30 for each crank rotation angle α are measured, and the OH radical emission intensity in each cycle of the internal combustion engine E is measured. The maximum OH radical emission intensity EI _max which is the maximum value of EI (α) is obtained, the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) is divided by the maximum OH radical emission intensity EI _max , and the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio EIR (α ) Since the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) varies depending on the amplifier gain of the optical electron multiplier 7, it is treated as the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value EIR (α) with a maximum value of 100%. The results are shown in FIG. 5 to FIG. 10 as graphs in which the horizontal axis is the crank rotation angle α and the vertical axis is the in-cylinder pressure P (α) and OH radical emission intensity EI (α) in the combustion chamber 30.

  The internal combustion engine E is operated as a high load operating condition under the conditions of an engine speed of 6000 rpm and a throttle opening degree of 100%, and measurements are made in a non-knocking state, a trace knocking state, and a heavy knocking state, and these results are shown in FIGS. It was shown in the graph.

  Further, as a low load operation condition, the internal combustion engine E was operated under the conditions of an engine speed of 3000 rpm and a throttle opening of 20%, and measurement was performed in a non-knocking state, a trace knocking state, and a heavy knocking state. Or shown in the graph of FIG.

  4 to FIG. 10, as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 8, in the non-knocking state, the OH radical emission intensity waveform is a gentle mountain shape regardless of the load state of the internal combustion engine E. Is shown.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 9, in the trace knocking state, the OH radical emission intensity waveform has a peak shape as compared with the waveform in the non-knocking state, regardless of the load state of the internal combustion engine E. It shows a sharp and sharp shape.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 10, in the heavy knocking state, the peak of the OH radical emission intensity waveform is further increased compared to the trace knocking state regardless of the load state of the internal combustion engine E. .

  By observing the OH radical emission intensity waveform from the non-knocking state to the heavy knocking state, it was confirmed that the waveform had certain characteristics regardless of the operating state of the internal combustion engine. It was shown that the knocking phenomenon can be detected from the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value, that is, the OH radical emission intensity.

[Verification of relationship between OH radical emission intensity waveform and in-cylinder pressure waveform]
Next, the relationship between the OH radical emission intensity waveform in the knocking state and the in-cylinder pressure waveform is verified. In order to verify these relationships, 200 cycles were recorded for in-cylinder pressure P (α) and OH radical emission intensity EI (α) with respect to crank rotation angle α under the same operating conditions of internal combustion engine E. A cycle in which the pressure waveform was oscillating was extracted.

  As a typical example, the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine E are an engine speed of 3000 rpm, a throttle opening of 20%, and in a heavy knocking state, the in-cylinder pressure P (α) and the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) with respect to the crank rotation angle α. It was measured. FIG. 11 shows a graph of the OH radical emission intensity waveform and in-cylinder pressure waveform of the measurement results. The crank rotation angle α at which the in-cylinder pressure waveform starts to oscillate was around 11 degrees after top dead center, and at that time, it was confirmed that the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value showed about 85%. That is, it has been found that a predetermined emission intensity peak ratio value can be used as a reference for starting knocking. This predetermined light emission intensity peak ratio value is referred to as a reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A. FIG. 11 showing the above experimental results verified that the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A is preferably 85% or more and 95% or less.

  Next, FIG. 12 shows OH radical emission intensity waveforms in a representative cycle of the internal combustion engine E in the knocking state and the non-knocking state. Here, a reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A is set to 85%, a region where the OH radical light emission intensity peak ratio value EIR (α) is equal to or greater than the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A is obtained, and crank rotation angles at both ends of the region are obtained. The crank rotation angle width D, which is the width of, was measured.

  As shown in FIG. 12, in the representative cycle in the knocking state, the crank rotation angle width D is 3 degrees in the region where the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value is greater than or equal to. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the crank rotation angle width D of the region that is equal to or higher than the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value in the representative cycle in the non-knocking state is 7 degrees that is larger than that in the knocking state.

  When the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is detected by the optical probe 2, in the combustion in the knocking state, the combined light of the light emission due to the propagation of the flame from the spark plug and the light emission due to self-ignition is detected within the viewing angle of the optical probe 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, the OH radical emission intensity waveform has a sharp and sharp peak. On the other hand, in combustion in a non-knock state, only light emission due to the propagation of flame from the spark plug is detected within the viewing angle of the optical probe 2, so that the OH radical emission intensity waveform has a rounded shape. Show. From this, it is considered that there is a difference in the crank rotation angle width D in a region equal to or greater than the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value depending on whether the peak shape is a sharp shape or a rounded shape. From this result, in the determination combustion state for determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine, the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd which is the crank rotation angle width D in the region of the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A or more is read. It was considered that it was possible to determine whether the combustion state of the engine E was a knocking state or a non-knocking state.

  Next, by reading the crank rotation angle width D in the region where the OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value is equal to or greater than the reference emission intensity peak ratio value A, the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is knocking or non-knocking The validity of the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method for determining whether or not the internal combustion engine is in the range of the load state and the combustion state of the internal combustion engine was verified.

  For validity verification, the ignition timing is advanced from the non-knock state, trace knocking, light knocking, heavy knocking knocking states are generated, 200 cycles are recorded for each condition, and the standard emission intensity peak ratio value The distribution of the crank rotation angle width D in the region A or higher was confirmed. In this test, the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A was set to 85% which is an optimum value. The ignition timing of occurrence of trace knocking was determined by observation and hearing of the in-cylinder pressure waveform by the measurer. The ignition timing at which this trace knocking occurs is called “Starting point of trace knocking”, and is hereinafter abbreviated as SK. In addition, the ignition timing in the non-knocking state is −3 degrees sufficiently retarded from SK, the ignition timing in the light knocking state is advanced by +3 degrees from SK, and the ignition timing in the heavy knocking state is advanced by +5 degrees from SK. It was time. Table 2 shows operating conditions and ignition timing.

Table 2

  FIG. 13 shows the appearance frequency for each crank rotation angle width D in the region of the reference emission intensity peak ratio value A (85%) or more in each combustion state of the internal combustion engine. In the non-knocking state, the crank rotation angle width D in a region where the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A is equal to or greater than 7 degrees is distributed. In the trace knocking state, the cumulative frequency of the cycle in which the crank rotation angle width D is 6 degrees or less was about 5.5%. Further, in the light knocking state and the heavy knocking state, the crank rotation angle width D has a distribution having a clear peak of 4 degrees or less as shown in the region surrounded by the broken line in FIG. From this, when the knocking state occurs, the crank rotation angle width D in the region where the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A or more is larger than about 0 degree and 6 degrees or less is compared with the non-knocking state. It has been found that the appearance rate increases. Further, it has been found that the appearance rate is further increased in the range of the crank rotation angle width D from about 0 degree to 4 degrees or less as compared with the non-knocking state.

  From this result, in the determination combustion state for determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E, by reading the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd that is the crank rotation angle width D in the region of the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A or more, It has been verified that it is possible to determine whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is a knocking state. From FIG. 13, the reference crank rotation angle width B serving as a reference for determining whether or not the knocking state is compared with the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd in the determination combustion state for which determination is obtained is preferably It was verified that the angle was not less than 0 degrees and not more than 6 degrees, optimally greater than 0 ° and not more than 4 °.

  When determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E, it is determined whether or not it is in the knocking state using the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A and the reference crank rotation angle width B regardless of various operating conditions of the internal combustion engine E. In order to verify the validity of the possibility of internal combustion engine E, the number of ignitions and the load rate differ, the engine speed differs, the combustion chamber and cylinder wall temperatures differ, the engine coolant temperature differs, and the compression ratio and valve timing change. Then, the firing state emission intensity EI (α) under various conditions was measured and verified. In this test, the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A was set to 85%, and the reference crank rotation angle width B was set to be larger than the optimum 0 ° and 4 ° or less.

  The operating conditions of the internal combustion engine E at different engine speeds are shown in Table 3 below. The engine speed was five conditions of 6000 rpm, 6500 rpm, 7000 rpm, 75000 rpm, and 8000 rpm, and 200 cycles were measured for each condition.

Table 3

  Based on the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) in various combustion states measured by this experiment, the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd calculated by the above-described method is equal to or less than the reference crank rotation angle width B (4 degrees). The results at various ignition timings are shown in FIG. As shown in the area surrounded by the broken line in FIG. 14, this cumulative frequency tends to increase as the engine speed increases, and further increases as the advance amount of the ignition timing increases. ing.

  Next, an experiment was conducted by changing the engine coolant temperature under the condition that the temperature in the combustion chamber and the cylinder wall were different. As shown in Table 4 below, the engine operating conditions are an engine speed of 8000 rpm, a throttle opening of 100%, and the engine cooling water temperature is 73 ° C and 93 ° C by adjusting the amount of cooling air supplied to the radiator. Two types of tests were performed.

Table 4

  Based on the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) in various combustion states measured by this experiment, the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd calculated by the above-described method is equal to or less than the reference crank rotation angle width B (4 degrees). FIG. 15 shows the results at various ignition timings for each engine coolant temperature at the cumulative frequency. It was confirmed that the cumulative frequency increases as the coolant temperature increases even at the same ignition timing.

  Next, the experiment was performed by changing the compression ratio. As shown in Table 5 below, the engine operating conditions are an engine speed of 8000 rpm, a throttle opening of 100%, an engine cooling water temperature of 93 ° C., and the compression ratio is changed by changing the piston top shape. Therefore, two types of tests, 11.0 and 11.7, were performed by adjusting the thickness of the cylinder head gasket.

Table 5

  Based on the OH radical emission intensity EI (α) in various combustion states measured by this experiment, the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd calculated by the above-described method is equal to or less than the reference crank rotation angle width B (4 degrees). FIG. 16 shows the results at various ignition timings for each cumulative frequency compression ratio. It was confirmed that the cumulative frequency increases as the compression ratio increases.

  From the above results, the cumulative frequency at which the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is equal to or less than the reference crank rotation angle width B (4 degrees) is such that knocking is likely to occur regardless of the ignition timing, high engine speed, and high The engine cooling water temperature shows a tendency to increase at a high compression ratio, and the embodiment of the present invention is used to determine whether or not the internal combustion engine E is in a knocking state, that is, whether or not the internal combustion engine E is in an abnormal combustion state. The validity of the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device 1 and the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method of FIG.

As described above, the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device 1 and the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method for determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E according to one embodiment of the present invention is abnormal are described in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine E. The normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α), which is the radical emission intensity of one substance selected from the combustion products contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine E, is measured for each crank rotation angle α. The normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α) is divided by the maximum normal combustion state emission intensity EIn _max which is the maximum value of the normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α) in one cycle. It is converted into a normal combustion state light emission intensity peak ratio value EInR (α), a first region of crank rotation angle that is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A is obtained, and is the width of the crank rotation angle at both ends of that region. Normal combustion state crank rotation The determination combustion state emission intensity EId (β), which is the radical emission intensity of one selected substance, is measured for each crank rotation angle β in the determination combustion state for determining the angle width Dn and determining, and this determination combustion state emission Divide the intensity EId (β) by the maximum judgment combustion state emission intensity EId _max which is the maximum value of the judgment combustion state emission intensity EId (β) in one cycle, and determine the judgment combustion state emission intensity to the judgment combustion state emission intensity peak ratio Converted to a value EIdR (β), a second region of the crank rotation angle that is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A is obtained, and a judgment combustion state crank rotation that is the width of the crank rotation angle at both ends of the second region The angle width Dd is obtained, and the normal combustion state, the crank rotation angle width Dn, and the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd are compared, so that the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is the normal combustion state crank rotation angle. When it is larger than the width Dn, it can be determined as a normal combustion state, and when the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is equal to or less than the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn, it can be determined that it is an abnormal combustion state. The combustion state of the internal combustion engine E can be determined without complicated calculations as in the conventional case, the calculation time until the determination result can be shortened, and more complicated calculation processing using a high-speed CPU and memory is possible. It becomes unnecessary, and the determination device used in the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method can be reduced in size and cost.

The internal combustion engine combustion state determination device 1 and the internal combustion engine combustion state determination method of the present embodiment are selected from the combustion products contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in the determination combustion state for determining the internal combustion engine E. The determined combustion state emission intensity EId (β), which is the radical emission intensity of one substance, is measured for each crank rotation angle β, and this determination combustion state emission intensity EId (β) is the maximum maximum determined combustion state in one cycle. Divided by the emission intensity EId _max and converted into a determined combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value EIdR (β), a second region of the crank rotation angle that is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value A is obtained, and the second region The determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd which is the width of the crank rotation angle at both ends of the engine is obtained, and the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is compared with a predetermined reference crank rotation angle width B to determine the determined combustion state. When the rank rotation angle width Dd is larger than the reference crank rotation angle width B, it is determined as a normal combustion state, and when the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is equal to or less than the reference crank rotation angle width B, it is an abnormal combustion state. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not the combustion state to be determined is abnormal combustion by comparing the magnitudes of the combustion. Judgment of the state is possible, the calculation time to the determination result can be shortened, and complicated calculation processing using a high-speed CPU and memory is not required, and the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device is reduced in size and cost. Can be achieved. Furthermore, by inputting the reference crank rotation angle width B to the data recording device 15 in advance, it is possible to further shorten the time until determination.

  Further, the reference crank rotation angle width B is set to a normal combustion state emission intensity EIn (α that is a radical emission intensity of the selected substance with respect to the crank rotation angle α in the normal combustion state in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine in advance. ) Is measured and calculated, the determination accuracy of the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E can be made higher.

  Also, in this example, the substance selected from the combustion products is OH, and the reference emission intensity peak ratio value is 85% or more and 95% or less, so the emission intensity peak ratio value of OH radical emission When the abnormal combustion occurs in the internal combustion engine E, the amount of change in the emission intensity peak ratio value in the region of 85% to 95% is in addition to the light emission due to the propagation of flame from the spark plug 43. In the case where no abnormal combustion occurs in the internal combustion engine E, only the light emission due to the propagation of flame from the spark plug 43 is detected. The case is larger than that in the normal combustion state. That is, the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd in the abnormal combustion state is smaller than the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn in the normal combustion state, and therefore the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd and the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width Dn. By calculating Dn and determining the magnitude, it becomes easy to determine whether or not abnormal combustion has occurred in the internal combustion engine E, and whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is abnormal is determined. Accuracy can be improved.

  In the present embodiment, when there are two or more second regions of the crank rotation angle that are equal to or greater than the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value A in one cycle of the internal combustion engine E, the internal combustion engine E of the plurality of second regions is selected. Since the width between the third crank rotation angle and the fourth crank rotation angle at both ends of the first second region in one cycle is the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd, whether or not the internal combustion engine E is in abnormal combustion The determination time can be shortened and the determination accuracy can be improved.

  In this embodiment, when the reference crank rotation angle width B is in the range of more than 0 ° and not more than 6 ° and the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width Dd is less than or equal to the reference crank rotation angle width B, Since it is determined that the combustion state of the internal combustion engine is the abnormal combustion state, it is easy to determine whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is the abnormal combustion state, and the time required for the determination can be further shortened. The determination accuracy can be further improved.

  Further, since the reference crank rotation angle width B is set to be larger than 0 ° and not larger than 4 °, it is possible to further improve the accuracy of determination as to whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine E is an abnormal combustion state.

E: Internal combustion engine, α: Crank rotation angle, β: Crank rotation angle, EI (α): OH radical emission intensity, EI _max : Maximum OH radical emission intensity, EIR (α): OH radical emission intensity peak ratio value, EIn (α): Normal combustion state emission intensity, EIn _max : Maximum normal combustion state emission intensity, EInR (α): Normal combustion state emission intensity peak ratio, EId (α): Determination combustion state emission intensity, EId _max : Maximum determination Combustion state luminescence intensity, EIdR (α): Determination combustion state luminescence intensity peak ratio value, P (α): In-cylinder pressure,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Internal combustion engine combustion state determination apparatus, 2 ... Optical probe, 3 ... Optical fiber, 4 ... Spectroscope, 5 ... Dichroic mirror, 6 ... Band pass filter, 7 ... Optical electron multiplier, 8 ... Crank rotation angle encoder, 9 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Pressure measuring device, 10 ... Combustion analyzer, 11 ... Power measuring device, 12 ... Fuel flow meter, 13 ... A / F sensor, 14 ... Personal computer, 15 ... Data recording device, 16 ... Analysis processing device,
20 ... Cylinder block, 21 ... Cylinder head, 22 ... Head cover, 23 ... Crank case, 24 ... Cylinder bore, 25 ... Piston, 26 ... Connecting rod, 27 ... Crank shaft,
30 ... Combustion chamber, 30a ... Upper wall, 31 ... Intake valve port, 32 ... Exhaust valve port, 33 ... Spark plug hole, 34 ... Optical probe insertion hole, 35 ... Pressure measuring device mounting hole,
41 ... Intake valve, 42 ... Exhaust valve, 43 ... Spark plug.

Claims (12)

In the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E), the emission spectrum of the combustion product contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (E) is the radical emission of one substance selected from the combustion products. Spectroscopy into the wavelength region,
For each crank rotation angle (α) of the internal combustion engine (E), a normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn (α)) that is a radical emission intensity of the selected substance is measured,
A maximum normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn _max ) that is a maximum value of the normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn (α)) in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (E);
Normal combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value (EInR (α) = EIn) where the normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn (α)) is a peak ratio value with the maximum normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn _max ) being 100%. (α) / EIn _max )
A first region of crank rotation angle (EInR (α) ≧ A) in which the normal combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value (EInR (α)) is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value (A) is determined;
Obtaining the first crank rotation angle (α1) and the second crank rotation angle (α2) that are both ends of the first region,
A normal combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dn = α2−α1) that is a width between the first crank rotation angle (α1) and the second crank rotation angle (α2);
In the determination combustion state for determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E), the emission spectrum of the combustion product contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (E) is selected as the wavelength of radical emission of the selected substance. Spectroscopy into the area,
For each crank rotation angle (β) of the internal combustion engine (E) in the determined combustion state, a determined combustion state emission intensity (EId (β)) that is a radical emission intensity of the selected substance is measured.
A maximum determined combustion state light emission intensity (EId _max ) that is a maximum value of the determined combustion state light emission intensity (EId (β)) in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (E) in the determination combustion state;
The determination combustion state light emission intensity (EId (β)) is a peak ratio value where the maximum determination combustion state light emission intensity (EId _max ) is 100%, and a determination combustion state light emission intensity peak ratio value (EIdR (β) = EId (β) / EId _max )
A crank rotation angle second region (EIdR (β) ≧ A) in which the determined combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value (EIdR (β)) is equal to or greater than the reference emission intensity peak ratio value (A) is determined;
The third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2) that are both ends of the second region are obtained,
A determination combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dd = β2-β1) that is a width between the third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2);
By comparing the magnitude of the normal combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dn) and the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dd),
A method for determining the combustion state of an internal combustion engine, comprising: determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) in the determination combustion state is an abnormal combustion state. In the determination combustion state for determining the combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E), a spectrum in which the combustion products contained in the flame in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (E) emit light is selected from the combustion products 1 Spectroscopy into the wavelength region of radical emission of two substances,
For each crank rotation angle (β) of the internal combustion engine (E) in the determined combustion state, a determined combustion state emission intensity (EId (β)) that is a radical emission intensity of the selected substance is measured.
A maximum determined combustion state light emission intensity (EId _max ) that is a maximum value of the determined combustion state light emission intensity (EId (β)) in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (E) in the determined combustion state;
The determination combustion state light emission intensity (EId (β)) is a peak ratio value where the maximum determination combustion state light emission intensity (EId _max ) is 100%, and a determination combustion state light emission intensity peak ratio value (EIdR (β) = EId (β) / EId _max )
A second region (EIdR (β) ≧ A) of the crank rotation angle (β) in which the determined combustion state light emission intensity peak ratio value (EIdR (β)) is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference light emission intensity peak ratio value (A). Seeking
The third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2) that are both ends of the second region are obtained,
A determination combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dd = β2-β1) that is a width between the third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2);
By comparing the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dn) with a predetermined reference crank rotation angle width (B),
A method for determining the combustion state of an internal combustion engine, comprising: determining whether or not the combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) in the determination combustion state is an abnormal combustion state. The substance selected from the combustion products is OH,
The internal combustion engine combustion state determination method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value (A) is a value not less than 85% and not more than 95%. In the determination combustion state, when there are two or more second regions,
Of the plurality of second regions, the width between the third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2) at both ends of the first second region in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (E) is 4. The internal combustion engine combustion state determination method according to claim 1, wherein the determination combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dd = β2−β1) is set. The reference crank rotation angle width (B) is in the range of greater than 0 ° and less than or equal to 6 °,
When the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dn) is equal to or smaller than the reference crank rotation angle width (B), it is determined that the combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) in the determination combustion state is an abnormal combustion state. The internal combustion engine combustion state determination method according to claim 2, wherein the internal combustion engine combustion state is determined.   6. The internal combustion engine combustion state determination method according to claim 5, wherein the reference crank rotation angle width (B) is greater than 0 ° and not greater than 4 °. An optical probe (2) on which light emitted from a combustion product contained in a flame in a combustion chamber in a predetermined combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) is incident;
A spectroscope (4) connected to the optical probe (2) and for spectrally splitting into a wavelength in a wavelength region of radical emission of one substance selected from the combustion products;
An emission intensity detector (7) for converting the emission intensity (EI (α), EI (β)) of the dispersed light into an electrical signal and outputting it;
A crank rotation angle detector (8) for transmitting a signal for each predetermined crank rotation angle (α, β) as the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine (E) rotates;
A data recording device (15) for inputting and recording the light emission intensity (EI (α), EI (β)) at the crank rotation angle (α, β) and the crank rotation angle (α, β);
The light emission intensity (EId (α), EId (β)) for each of the crank rotation angles (α, β) and the crank rotation angles (α, β) is input from the data recording device (15), and the internal combustion engine An analysis processing device (16) for determining whether or not the combustion state of the engine (E) is an abnormal combustion state;
The analysis processing device (16)
A determination combustion state maximum light emission intensity (EIdmax) which is a maximum value of the light emission intensity (EId (β)) in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (E) for determining the combustion state;
The determined combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value (EIdR (β) = EId (β) /) is a peak ratio value where the emission intensity (EId (β)) is 100% of the determined combustion state maximum emission intensity (EIdmax). Eid _max )
A crank rotation angle second region (EIdR (β) ≧ A) in which the determined combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value (EIdR (β)) is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference emission intensity peak ratio value (A) is determined;
The third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2) that are both ends of the second region are obtained,
A determination combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dd = β2-β1) that is a width between the third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2);
The combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) is an abnormal combustion state by comparing the magnitude of the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dn) with the reference crank rotation angle width (B) inputted in advance. An internal combustion engine combustion state determination device characterized by determining whether or not. The reference crank rotation angle width (B) is calculated in advance in the normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) and input to the analysis processing device (7),
The reference crank rotation angle width (B) is:
A spectrum of light emitted from combustion products contained in a flame in a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine (E) in a normal combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) is split into a wavelength region of radical emission of the selected substance;
For each crank rotation angle (α) of the internal combustion engine (E), a normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn (α)), which is a radical emission intensity of the selected substance, is measured,
A maximum normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn _max ) that is a maximum value of the normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn (α)) in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (E);
Normal combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value (EInR (α) = EIn) where the normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn (α)) is a peak ratio value with the maximum normal combustion state emission intensity (EIn _max ) being 100%. (α) / EIn _max )
A first region (EInR (α) ≧ A) of a crank rotation angle in which the normal combustion state emission intensity peak ratio value (EInR (α)) is equal to or greater than the reference emission intensity peak ratio value (A);
Obtaining the first crank rotation angle (α1) and the second crank rotation angle (α2) that are both ends of the first region,
The internal combustion engine combustion according to claim 7, characterized in that it is calculated as a width (Dn = α2-α1) between the first crank rotation angle (α1) and the second crank rotation angle (α2). State determination device. The substance selected from the combustion products is OH,
The internal combustion engine combustion state determination device according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the reference light emission intensity peak ratio value (A) is a value of 85% or more and 95% or less. When there are two or more second regions of the crank rotation angle (β),
Of the plurality of second regions, the width between the third crank rotation angle (β1) and the fourth crank rotation angle (β2) at both ends of the first second region in one cycle of the internal combustion engine (E) is The internal combustion engine combustion state determination device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a determination combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dd = β2-β1) is set. The reference crank rotation angle width (B) is in the range of more than 0 ° and not more than 6 °,
When the determined combustion state crank rotation angle width (Dn) is within the reference crank rotation angle width (B), the analysis processing device (16) determines that the combustion state of the internal combustion engine (E) is abnormal combustion. The internal combustion engine combustion state determination device according to claim 7, wherein the internal combustion engine combustion state determination device is determined to be in a state.   The internal combustion engine combustion state determination device according to claim 11, wherein the reference crank rotation angle width (B) is greater than 0 ° and equal to or less than 4 °.

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