JP2016160283A - Reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization and method for producing polymer emulsion using the same - Google Patents

Reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization and method for producing polymer emulsion using the same Download PDF

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JP2016160283A
JP2016160283A JP2015037373A JP2015037373A JP2016160283A JP 2016160283 A JP2016160283 A JP 2016160283A JP 2015037373 A JP2015037373 A JP 2015037373A JP 2015037373 A JP2015037373 A JP 2015037373A JP 2016160283 A JP2016160283 A JP 2016160283A
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尚之 池永
Naoyuki Ikenaga
尚之 池永
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Kao Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization capable of producing a polymer emulsion excellent in hot water whitening resistance of a coating film, glossiness of a coating film and adhesiveness of a coating film while satisfying polymerization stability and mechanical stability.SOLUTION: There is provided a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization represented by the following formula (I). (wherein, A represents a straight or branched alkylene group having 8 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms or an alkoxymethylethylene group represented by the formula (II) or (III); p represents an average added number of moles of AO and is a number of 0.8 or more and 2 or less; X represents a group represented by the formula (1-1) or (1-2); and m represents an average polymerization degree of X and is a number of 2 or more and 20 or less.)SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

本発明は、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤、及びこれを用いるポリマーエマルションの製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization and a method for producing a polymer emulsion using the same.

ポリマーエマルションは、酢酸ビニル、アクリル酸エステル等のビニル系モノマーの乳化重合によって得られ、そのまま塗料、接着剤、紙加工、繊維加工等の分野に、あるいは重合体が分離されてプラスチック、ゴムとして広く工業的に使用されている。乳化重合には、乳化剤として、アルキル硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル硫酸塩等の陰イオン界面活性剤、及びポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル等の非イオン界面活性剤が用いられている。
乳化重合における乳化剤は、重合の開始反応、生長反応に影響を及ぼすのみでなく、重合中のポリマーエマルションの安定性、生成したポリマーエマルションの機械的安定性、化学的安定性、凍結安定性、貯蔵安定性に影響し、さらにポリマーエマルションの粒子径、粘度、起泡性等のエマルション物性に大きな影響を与える。
また塗料や接着剤等の用途では、ポリマーエマルションを塗布し、乾燥によりポリマー塗膜が形成されるが、ポリマー塗膜中に残る乳化剤は、耐水性、接着性、耐候性、耐熱性等を低下させる原因となることが知られている。
このような観点から、ラジカル重合性の二重結合基を有し、従来の乳化剤と同様にミセル形成能、モノマー乳化力、及びポリマー粒子分散能を有し、重合途中までは通常の乳化剤として機能し、重合終了時にはポリマー鎖に取り込まれる乳化重合用反応性乳化剤が提案されてきた。
また、近年の環境保護問題において、カーボンニュートラルという観点から、環境中への二酸化炭素排出量を削減するため、従来の石油由来原料から植物由来原料への転換が進められている。しかし、従来の代表的な陰イオン性界面活性剤であるポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩に使用されるエチレンオキシドは石油由来であるため、原料植物化率の向上が望まれている。
Polymer emulsions are obtained by emulsion polymerization of vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate and acrylate esters, and can be used in the fields of paints, adhesives, paper processing, fiber processing, etc. Used industrially. In emulsion polymerization, as an emulsifier, an anionic surfactant such as an alkyl sulfate ester salt, an alkylbenzene sulfonate salt, a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate salt, a polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate salt, and a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, Nonionic surfactants such as oxyethylene alkylphenyl ether are used.
Emulsifiers in emulsion polymerization not only affect the initiation and growth reactions of polymerization, but also the stability of the polymer emulsion during polymerization, the mechanical stability of the resulting polymer emulsion, chemical stability, freeze stability, storage It affects the stability and also has a great influence on the emulsion physical properties such as particle size, viscosity and foaming properties of the polymer emulsion.
In applications such as paints and adhesives, a polymer coating is formed by applying a polymer emulsion and drying, but the emulsifier remaining in the polymer coating reduces water resistance, adhesion, weather resistance, heat resistance, etc. It is known to be a cause.
From this point of view, it has a radical polymerizable double bond group, has micelle forming ability, monomer emulsifying ability, and polymer particle dispersibility like conventional emulsifiers, and functions as a normal emulsifier until the middle of polymerization. At the end of the polymerization, reactive emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization that have been incorporated into the polymer chain have been proposed.
Moreover, in recent environmental protection problems, from the viewpoint of carbon neutrality, in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions into the environment, conversion from conventional petroleum-derived raw materials to plant-derived raw materials is being promoted. However, since ethylene oxide used for polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, which is a typical representative anionic surfactant, is derived from petroleum, it is desired to improve the planting rate of raw materials.

特許文献1には、ポリオキシアルキレン鎖を持たず、乳化重合時の安定性、塗膜の耐水性、接着性を改善することを目的として、共重合性を有する不飽和基としてアリル基又はメタリル基を有し、親水基部分としてポリグリセリン及びアニオン性親水基を持った乳化重合用反応性乳化剤が開示されている。   Patent Document 1 does not have a polyoxyalkylene chain and has an allyl group or methallyl as a copolymerizable unsaturated group for the purpose of improving stability during emulsion polymerization, water resistance of a coating film, and adhesion. A reactive emulsifier for emulsion polymerization having a group and having a polyglycerin and an anionic hydrophilic group as a hydrophilic group portion is disclosed.

特開2007−091914号公報JP 2007-091914 A

しかしながら、特許文献1で用いられる乳化剤では、塗膜の耐温水白化性、塗膜の光沢性、塗膜の密着性において、十分とは言えず、更なる性能の改善が求められている。
本発明は、重合安定性及び機械的安定性を満足しつつ、塗膜の耐温水白化性、塗膜の光沢性、及び塗膜の密着性に優れるポリマーエマルションを製造することができる乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤、及びこれを用いるポリマーエマルションの製造方法を提供することを課題とする。
However, the emulsifier used in Patent Document 1 is not sufficient in the hot water whitening resistance of the coating film, the glossiness of the coating film, and the adhesion of the coating film, and further improvement in performance is required.
The present invention is for emulsion polymerization capable of producing a polymer emulsion excellent in hot water whitening resistance of coating film, glossiness of coating film, and adhesion of coating film while satisfying polymerization stability and mechanical stability. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reactive surfactant and a method for producing a polymer emulsion using the same.

本発明者は、ポリマーエマルションの製造に際して、特定の化合物を乳化重合の界面活性剤として用いることにより、前記の課題を解決しうることを見出した。
すなわち、本発明は、次の[1]及び[2]を提供する。
[1]下記式(I)で表される、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤。
The present inventor has found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using a specific compound as a surfactant for emulsion polymerization in the production of a polymer emulsion.
That is, the present invention provides the following [1] and [2].
[1] A reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization represented by the following formula (I).

(式(I)中、Aは炭素数8以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、又は下記式(II)若しくは式(III)で表されるアルコキシメチルエチレン基を示し、pはAOの平均付加モル数を示し、0.8以上2以下の数である。Xは下記式(1−1)又は(1−2)で表される基を示し、mはXの平均重合度を示し、2以上20以下の数である。) (In the formula (I), A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxymethylethylene group represented by the following formula (II) or formula (III), and p represents AO The average added mole number is 0.8 or more and 2 or less, X is a group represented by the following formula (1-1) or (1-2), and m is the average degree of polymerization of X. The number is 2 or more and 20 or less.)

(式(II)及び式(III)中、Rは炭素数4以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基である。) (In the formulas (II) and (III), R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.)

(式(1−1)及び(1−2)中、Zは、水素原子、−SOM基、及びXの結合手から選ばれる1種以上を示し、同一又は異なっていてもよいが、全てのZが水素原子のものを除く。Mはカチオンである。) (In formulas (1-1) and (1-2), Z represents one or more selected from a hydrogen atom, a —SO 3 M group, and a bond of X, and may be the same or different, (All except Z are hydrogen atoms, M is a cation.)

[2]前記[1]記載の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤を用いて乳化重合を行う、ポリマーエマルションの製造方法。 [2] A method for producing a polymer emulsion, wherein emulsion polymerization is carried out using the reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization described in [1].

本発明によれば、重合安定性及び機械的安定性を満足しつつ、塗膜の耐温水白化性、塗膜の光沢性、及び塗膜の密着性に優れるポリマーエマルションを製造することができる乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤、及びこれを用いるポリマーエマルションの製造方法を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, emulsification capable of producing a polymer emulsion excellent in hot water whitening resistance of coating film, glossiness of coating film, and adhesion of coating film while satisfying polymerization stability and mechanical stability. A reactive surfactant for polymerization and a method for producing a polymer emulsion using the same can be provided.

<乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤>
本発明の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤(以下、単に「反応性界面活性剤」ともいう)は、下記式(I)で表される。
<Reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization>
The reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization of the present invention (hereinafter also simply referred to as “reactive surfactant”) is represented by the following formula (I).

(式(I)中、Aは炭素数8以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、又は下記式(II)若しくは式(III)で表されるアルコキシメチルエチレン基を示し、pはAOの平均付加モル数を示し、0.8以上2以下の数である。Xは下記式(1−1)又は(1−2)で表される基を示し、mはXの平均重合度を示し、2以上20以下の数である。) (In the formula (I), A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxymethylethylene group represented by the following formula (II) or formula (III), and p represents AO The average added mole number is 0.8 or more and 2 or less, X is a group represented by the following formula (1-1) or (1-2), and m is the average degree of polymerization of X. The number is 2 or more and 20 or less.)

(式(II)及び式(III)中、Rは炭素数4以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基である。) (In the formulas (II) and (III), R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.)

(式(1−1)及び(1−2)中、Zは、水素原子、−SOM基、及びXの結合手から選ばれる1種以上を示し、同一又は異なっていてもよいが、全てのZが水素原子のものを除く。Mはカチオンである。) (In formulas (1-1) and (1-2), Z represents one or more selected from a hydrogen atom, a —SO 3 M group, and a bond of X, and may be the same or different, (All except Z are hydrogen atoms, M is a cation.)

本発明によれば、ポリマーエマルションの製造に際して、前記反応性界面活性剤を乳化重合の界面活性剤として用いることにより、重合安定性及び機械的安定性を満足しつつ、塗膜の耐温水白化性(以下、単に耐温水白化性ともいう)、塗膜の光沢性(以下、単に光沢性ともいう)及び塗膜の密着性(以下、単に密着性ともいう)に優れるポリマーエマルションを製造することができる。その理由は定かではないが、以下のように考えられる。
本発明の反応性界面活性剤は、重合性基として3−メチル−3−ブテニル基を有し、疎水基として特定の炭素数のアルキレン基又は特定の炭素数のアルキル基を有するアルコキシメチルエチレン基を有し、アニオン性親水基として−SOMで示される基を有し、該疎水基と該アニオン性親水基の連結基としてX[前記式(1−1)又は(1−2)で表される基の構造]を有する。
本発明は、前記式(1)においてAで示されるアルキレン基又はアルコキシメチルエチレン基の炭素数、前記式(1)においてAOの繰り返し数及びXの平均重合度を特定の範囲に調整することにより、従来の界面活性剤では発現し得ない良好な塗膜の耐温水白化性、塗膜の光沢性、及び塗膜の密着性を示すものであり、さらに、重合性基である3−メチル−3−ブテニル基が、モノマーと共重合して、得られるポリマー中に取り込まれるため、重合安定性及び機械的安定性を満足しつつ、より一層、耐温水白化性、光沢性及び密着性に優れる効果が発現すると考えられる。
According to the present invention, in the production of a polymer emulsion, by using the reactive surfactant as a surfactant for emulsion polymerization, while maintaining the polymerization stability and mechanical stability, the hot water whitening resistance of the coating film (Hereinafter, simply referred to as warm water whitening resistance), coating film gloss (hereinafter also simply referred to as gloss), and coating film adhesion (hereinafter also referred to simply as adhesive) are excellent. it can. The reason is not clear, but it is thought as follows.
The reactive surfactant of the present invention has an alkoxymethylethylene group having a 3-methyl-3-butenyl group as a polymerizable group and an alkylene group having a specific carbon number or an alkyl group having a specific carbon number as a hydrophobic group. And a group represented by —SO 3 M as an anionic hydrophilic group, and X as a linking group of the hydrophobic group and the anionic hydrophilic group [in the formula (1-1) or (1-2) The structure of the represented group].
In the present invention, the carbon number of the alkylene group or alkoxymethylethylene group represented by A in the formula (1), the number of AO repeats and the average polymerization degree of X in the formula (1) are adjusted to a specific range. , Which exhibits good hot water whitening resistance of a coating film that cannot be expressed by conventional surfactants, gloss of the coating film, and adhesion of the coating film, and further, 3-methyl- which is a polymerizable group Since the 3-butenyl group is copolymerized with the monomer and incorporated into the resulting polymer, it satisfies the polymerization stability and mechanical stability, and is further excellent in hot water whitening resistance, glossiness and adhesion. It is thought that the effect is manifested.

前記式(I)中、Aは炭素数8以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、又は前記式(II)若しくは式(III)で表されるアルコキシメチルエチレン基を示す。
前記式(I)中、Aで示されるアルキレン基の炭素数は、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、18以下であり、好ましくは16以下、より好ましくは14以下あり、そして、同様の観点から、8以上であり、好ましくは10以上、より好ましくは12以上である。
In the formula (I), A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxymethylethylene group represented by the formula (II) or the formula (III).
In the formula (I), the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group represented by A is 18 or less from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion, preferably 16 or less, more preferably 14 or less, and from the same viewpoint, it is 8 or more, preferably 10 or more, more preferably 12 or more.

前記式(I)において、Aで示される炭素数8以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基としては、オクチレン基、ノニレン基、デシレン基、ウンデシレン基、ドデシレン基、テトラデシレン基、ヘキサデシレン基、オクタデシレン基等の直鎖のアルキレン基;ヘキシルエチレン基、オクチルエチレン基、デシルエチレン基、ドデシルエチレン基、テトラデシルエチレン基、ヘキサデシルエチレン基の炭素数6以上16以下のアルキル基を有するエチレン基等の分岐鎖のアルキレン基が挙げられる。
前記式(I)において、Aで示される炭素数8以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基は、重合安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、好ましくは炭素数8以上18以下の分岐鎖のアルキレン基であり、より好ましくは炭素数6以上16以下のアルキル基を有するエチレン基であり、更に好ましくはオクチルエチレン基、デシルエチレン基、ドデシルエチレン基、及びテトラデシルエチレン基から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、より更に好ましくはデシルエチレン基、及びドデシルエチレン基から選ばれる少なくとも1種である。
In the formula (I), examples of the linear or branched alkylene group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms represented by A include an octylene group, a nonylene group, a decylene group, an undecylene group, a dodecylene group, a tetradecylene group, a hexadecylene group, Linear alkylene group such as octadecylene group; hexylethylene group, octylethylene group, decylethylene group, dodecylethylene group, tetradecylethylene group, ethylene group having an alkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms of hexadecylethylene group, etc. Of these branched chain alkylene groups.
In the formula (I), the linear or branched alkylene group represented by A having 8 to 18 carbon atoms is preferably from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion. A branched alkylene group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably an ethylene group having an alkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, still more preferably an octylethylene group, a decylethylene group, a dodecylethylene group, and It is at least one selected from tetradecylethylene groups, and more preferably at least one selected from decylethylene groups and dodecylethylene groups.

本発明の反応性界面活性剤は、前記式(I)において、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、Aで示される炭素数8以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基が単一のものではなく異なる炭素数の混合物であることが好ましく、好ましくは炭素数12以上14以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基が80質量%以上である。   The reactive surfactant of the present invention has a carbon number of 8 or more represented by A in the formula (I) from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion. It is preferable that the linear or branched alkylene group having 18 or less is not a single group but a mixture having different carbon number, and preferably 80% by mass or more of the linear or branched alkylene group having 12 to 14 carbon atoms. That's it.

前記式(I)において、Aは好ましくは下記式(II)又は式(III)で表されるアルコキシメチルエチレン基である。   In the formula (I), A is preferably an alkoxymethylethylene group represented by the following formula (II) or formula (III).

(式(II)及び式(III)中、Rは炭素数4以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基である。) (In the formulas (II) and (III), R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.)

前記式(II)及び式(III)において、Rで示されるアルキル基の炭素数は、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、18以下であり、好ましくは16以下、より好ましくは14以下、更に好ましくは12以下、より更に好ましくは10以下であり、そして、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性及び密着性の観点から、4以上であり、好ましくは6以上、より好ましくは8以上である。   In the formulas (II) and (III), the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group represented by R is 18 or less from the viewpoint of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion. Preferably, it is 16 or less, more preferably 14 or less, still more preferably 12 or less, and even more preferably 10 or less, and from the viewpoint of mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, gloss and adhesion. It is 4 or more, preferably 6 or more, more preferably 8 or more.

前記式(II)又は(III)において、Rで示される炭素数4以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基としては、ブチル基、ヘキシル基、オクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、テトラデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、オクタデシル基等の直鎖のアルキル基;2−エチルヘキシル基、イソノニル基、イソデシル基等の分岐鎖のアルキル基が挙げられ、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、好ましくはオクチル基、2−エチルヘキシル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、及びドデシル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、より好ましくはオクチル基、ノニル基、デシル基、及び2−エチルヘキシル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、更に好ましくはオクチル基、デシル基、及び2−エチルヘキシル基から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、より更に好ましくは2−エチルヘキシル基である。   In the formula (II) or (III), the linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms represented by R is a butyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, or an undecyl group. Linear alkyl groups such as dodecyl group, tetradecyl group, hexadecyl group and octadecyl group; branched chain alkyl groups such as 2-ethylhexyl group, isononyl group and isodecyl group, polymerization stability, mechanical stability, In addition, from the viewpoint of hot water whitening resistance, gloss, and adhesion, preferably at least one selected from an octyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, and dodecyl group, more preferably It is at least one selected from an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, and a 2-ethylhexyl group, more preferably an octyl group, a decyl group, Group, and at least one selected from 2-ethylhexyl group, even more preferably a 2-ethylhexyl group.

本発明の反応性界面活性剤は、前記式(II)又は(III)において、Rで示される炭素数4以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基が単一のものではなく異なる炭素数の混合物であってもよく、例えば、好ましくは炭素数8以上12以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基が80質量%以上であり、より好ましくは炭素数8以上10以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基が80質量%以上である。   The reactive surfactant of the present invention is different from the formula (II) or (III) in that the linear or branched alkyl group having 4 or more and 18 or less carbon atoms represented by R is different from the carbon number. For example, the linear or branched alkyl group having preferably 8 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms is preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 8 or 10 or less linear or branched chains. The alkyl group is 80% by mass or more.

前記式(I)において、pはAOの平均付加モル数を示し、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、0.8以上であり、好ましくは0.9以上、より好ましくは0.95以上であり、そして、同様の観点から、2以下であり、好ましくは1.5以下、より好ましくは1.3以下、更に好ましくは1.1以下である。   In the formula (I), p represents the average addition mole number of AO, and is 0.8 or more from the viewpoint of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, and resistance to warm water whitening, gloss, and adhesion, Preferably, it is 0.9 or more, more preferably 0.95 or more, and from the same viewpoint, it is 2 or less, preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.3 or less, and still more preferably 1.1. It is as follows.

前記式(I)において、mはXの平均重合度を示し、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、2以上であり、好ましくは3以上、より好ましくは4以上、より更に好ましくは5以上であり、そして、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、20以下であり、好ましくは15以下、より好ましくは10以下、更に好ましくは8以下、より更に好ましくは6以下であり、より更に好ましくは5である。なお、Xは、グリシドールを付加重合させた場合の繰り返し単位を表しており、平均重合度は、後述するグリシドールの平均付加モル数を用いることができる。また、繰り返し構造(Xm)の末端のXに存在するZは、水素原子又は−SOM基である。 In the formula (I), m represents an average degree of polymerization of X, and is 2 or more, preferably 3 from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion. Or more, more preferably 4 or more, still more preferably 5 or more, and 20 or less from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion, preferably Is 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less, still more preferably 8 or less, still more preferably 6 or less, and even more preferably 5. X represents a repeating unit when glycidol is subjected to addition polymerization, and the average addition degree of glycidol described later can be used as the average degree of polymerization. Also, Z present at the end of X in the repeating structure (Xm) is a hydrogen atom or a -SO 3 M group.

前記式(1−1)及び(1−2)中、Zは、水素原子、−SOM基、及びXの結合手から選ばれる1種以上を示し、同一又は異なっていてもよいが、全てのZが水素原子のものを除く。
即ち、前記式(1)において、少なくとも1個のZは、−SOM基を有し、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、好ましくは1個以上2個以下、より好ましくは1個のZが−SOM基である。
前記式(1−1)及び(1−2)において、Mで示されるカチオンは、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、好ましくはナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、又は炭素数1以上4以下のアルキル基で置換されたアンモニウムイオンであり、より好ましくはナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属イオン、又はアンモニウムイオンであり、更に好ましくはアンモニウムイオンである。
In the formulas (1-1) and (1-2), Z represents one or more selected from a hydrogen atom, a —SO 3 M group, and a bond of X, and may be the same or different. Except for all Z being a hydrogen atom.
That is, in the formula (1), at least one Z has a —SO 3 M group, and from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion, Preferably 1 or more and 2 or less, more preferably 1 Z is a —SO 3 M group.
In the formulas (1-1) and (1-2), the cation represented by M is preferably sodium from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion. , An alkali metal ion such as potassium, an ammonium ion, or an ammonium ion substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkali metal ion such as sodium or potassium, or an ammonium ion, and still more preferably. Is an ammonium ion.

本発明の前記式(I)で表される反応性界面活性剤は、下記工程1〜3の方法を用いて製造することが好ましい。
工程1:3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールに、炭素数8以上18以下のオレフィンエポキサイド、及び炭素数4以上18以下のアルキルグリシジルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種を付加する工程
工程2:工程1で得られた反応生成物に、さらにグリシドールを付加してエーテルアルコールを得る工程
工程3;工程2で得られたエーテルアルコールを、硫酸化する工程
The reactive surfactant represented by the formula (I) of the present invention is preferably produced by using the methods of the following steps 1 to 3.
Step 1: Step of adding at least one selected from olefin epoxide having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and alkyl glycidyl ether having 4 to 18 carbon atoms to 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol Step 2: Step of adding glycidol to the reaction product obtained in Step 1 to obtain ether alcohol Step 3; Step of sulfating the ether alcohol obtained in Step 2

[工程1]
工程1は、3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールに、好ましくは触媒存在下、炭素数8以上18以下のオレフィンエポキサイド(好ましくはα−オレフィンエポキサイド)、及び炭素数4以上18以下のアルキルグリシジルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種を付加する工程である。
炭素数8以上18以下のオレフィンエポキサイド中の好ましい炭素数は、前述のAで示されるアルキレン基の好ましい炭素数と同じである。また、炭素数4以上18以下のアルキルグリシジルエーテル中のアルキル基の好ましい炭素数は、前述のRで示されるアルキル基の好ましい炭素数と同じである。
なお、原料として前記オレフィンエポキサイドと前記アルキルグリシジルエーテルとを併用してもよく、異なる炭素数の前記オレフィンエポキサイド又は前記アルキルグリシジルエーテルを2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
[Step 1]
In step 1, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol is preferably an olefin epoxide having 8 to 18 carbon atoms (preferably an α-olefin epoxide) and an alkyl having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably in the presence of a catalyst. It is a step of adding at least one selected from glycidyl ether.
The preferable carbon number in the olefin epoxide having 8 to 18 carbon atoms is the same as the preferable carbon number of the alkylene group represented by A. Moreover, the preferable carbon number of the alkyl group in a C4-C18 alkyl glycidyl ether is the same as the preferable carbon number of the alkyl group shown by above-mentioned R.
In addition, the said olefin epoxide and the said alkyl glycidyl ether may be used together as a raw material, and the said olefin epoxide or the said alkyl glycidyl ether of a different carbon number may be used in mixture.

前述のpの平均付加モル数を0.8以上2以下にするためには、3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール1モルに対して、炭素数8以上18以下のオレフィンエポキサイド又は炭素数4以上18以下のアルキルグリシジルエーテルを過少量反応させればよく、例えば、好ましくは0.01モル以上、より好ましくは0.05モル以上、更に好ましくは0.08モル以上であり、そして、好ましくは0.8モル以下、より好ましくは0.5モル以下、更に好ましくは0.3モル以下である。   In order to make the above average added mole number of p 0.8 or more and 2 or less, olefin epoxide having 8 to 18 carbon atoms or carbon number with respect to 1 mole of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol. The alkyl glycidyl ether of 4 or more and 18 or less may be reacted in a small amount, for example, preferably 0.01 mol or more, more preferably 0.05 mol or more, still more preferably 0.08 mol or more, and preferably Is 0.8 mol or less, more preferably 0.5 mol or less, still more preferably 0.3 mol or less.

工程1の触媒としては、アルカリ触媒が好ましい。アルカリ触媒としては、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩、及びアルコキサイドから選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられ、好ましくはアルカリ金属のアルコキサイドであり、より好ましくはナトリウムのアルコキサイドである。前記のアルキルグリシジルエーテルを、アルカリ触媒で付加反応させた場合、得られる反応生成物は、前記式(II)で表される構造を主として含む。
工程1の反応温度は、好ましくは50℃以上、より好ましくは70℃以上であり、そして、好ましくは180℃以下、より好ましくは150℃以下である。工程1の反応時間は、好ましくは3時間以上、より好ましくは8時間以上であり、そして、好ましくは30時間以下、より好ましくは20時間以下である。反応時間は、反応の熟成を行う場合は、熟成時間を含む。
As the catalyst in Step 1, an alkali catalyst is preferable. Examples of the alkali catalyst include at least one selected from an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate, bicarbonate, and alkoxide, preferably an alkali metal alkoxide, more preferably sodium. It is an alkoxide. When the alkyl glycidyl ether is subjected to an addition reaction with an alkali catalyst, the resulting reaction product mainly contains a structure represented by the formula (II).
The reaction temperature in Step 1 is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 70 ° C. or higher, and preferably 180 ° C. or lower, more preferably 150 ° C. or lower. The reaction time in Step 1 is preferably 3 hours or longer, more preferably 8 hours or longer, and preferably 30 hours or shorter, more preferably 20 hours or shorter. The reaction time includes the aging time when aging the reaction.

[工程2]
工程2は、工程1で得られた反応生成物に、好ましくは触媒存在下、さらにグリシドールを付加してエーテルアルコールを得る工程である。
工程1で得られた反応生成物1モルに対して、グリシドールを、平均2モル以上20モル以下付加反応させる。グリシドールの好ましい平均付加モル数は、前述のXの平均重合度であるmの好ましい値と同じである。グリシドールの付加反応は、ほぼ理論値通りに反応するので、グリシドールの平均付加モル数を、Xの平均重合度mとする。
[Step 2]
Step 2 is a step in which ether alcohol is obtained by adding glycidol to the reaction product obtained in Step 1 preferably in the presence of a catalyst.
An average of 2 to 20 mol of glycidol is added to 1 mol of the reaction product obtained in step 1. The preferable average added mole number of glycidol is the same as the preferable value of m which is the average degree of polymerization of X described above. Since the addition reaction of glycidol reacts almost as the theoretical value, the average addition mole number of glycidol is defined as the average polymerization degree m of X.

工程2の触媒としては、アルカリ触媒が好ましい。アルカリ触媒としては、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の水酸化物、炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩、及びアルコキサイドから選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられ、好ましくはアルカリ金属の水酸化物であり、より好ましくは水酸化ナトリウムである。
工程2の反応温度は、好ましくは50℃以上、より好ましくは80℃以上であり、そして、好ましくは180℃以下、より好ましくは150℃以下である。工程2の反応時間は、好ましくは0.5時間以上、より好ましくは1時間以上であり、そして、好ましくは20時間以下、より好ましくは10時間以下である。反応時間は、反応の熟成を行う場合は、熟成時間を含む。
As the catalyst in Step 2, an alkali catalyst is preferable. Examples of the alkali catalyst include at least one selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, and alkoxides, preferably alkali metal hydroxides, more preferably. Sodium hydroxide.
The reaction temperature of step 2 is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, and preferably 180 ° C. or lower, more preferably 150 ° C. or lower. The reaction time in Step 2 is preferably 0.5 hours or longer, more preferably 1 hour or longer, and preferably 20 hours or shorter, more preferably 10 hours or shorter. The reaction time includes the aging time when aging the reaction.

[工程3]
工程3は、工程2で得られたエーテルアルコールを、硫酸化する工程である。硫酸化剤としては、クロロスルホン酸、無水硫酸、スルファミン酸、三酸化硫黄ガスが挙げられる。スルファミン酸を用いた場合には、既にアンモニウム塩を形成しているので塩基性物質による中和は必ずしも必要ではない。三酸化硫黄ガス等で硫酸化した場合は、アンモニア、アルカリ金属の水酸化物等で中和することが好ましい。工程2で得られたエーテルアルコール1モルに対して、反応させる硫酸化剤の量は、エーテルアルコール1分子中に−SOM基を1個以上有する観点から、好ましくは0.1モル以上、より好ましくは0.3モル以上、更に好ましくは0.5モル以上であり、そして、好ましくは10モル以下、より好ましくは5モル以下、更に好ましくは3モル以下である。
[Step 3]
Step 3 is a step of sulfating the ether alcohol obtained in Step 2. Examples of the sulfating agent include chlorosulfonic acid, sulfuric anhydride, sulfamic acid, and sulfur trioxide gas. When sulfamic acid is used, neutralization with a basic substance is not always necessary because an ammonium salt has already been formed. When sulfated with sulfur trioxide gas or the like, it is preferable to neutralize with ammonia, an alkali metal hydroxide or the like. The amount of the sulfating agent to be reacted with respect to 1 mol of the ether alcohol obtained in the step 2 is preferably 0.1 mol or more from the viewpoint of having one or more —SO 3 M groups in one ether alcohol molecule. More preferably, it is 0.3 mol or more, More preferably, it is 0.5 mol or more, and Preferably it is 10 mol or less, More preferably, it is 5 mol or less, More preferably, it is 3 mol or less.

(その他の界面活性剤)
本発明において乳化重合時の重合安定性をより向上させ、得られるポリマーエマルションの機械的安定性等を向上させる観点から、本発明の反応性界面活性剤に加えて、さらに他の界面活性剤を併用することもできる。
併用できるその他の界面活性剤は特に限定されないが、例えば、ノニオン性界面活性剤としては、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル、脂肪酸ポリエチレングリコールエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられ、アニオン性界面活性剤としては、脂肪酸セッケン、ロジン酸セッケン、アルカンスルホン酸塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、アルキルスルホコハク酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキル硫酸塩等が挙げられる。
なお、本発明の反応性界面活性剤に加えて、さらに他の界面活性剤を併用する場合、本発明の界面活性剤100質量部に対して、他の界面活性剤は、好ましくは5質量部以上、より好ましくは10質量部以上、更に好ましくは20質量部以上であり、そして、好ましくは50質量部以下、より好ましくは40質量部以下であり、更に好ましくは30質量部以下である。
(Other surfactants)
In addition to the reactive surfactant of the present invention, in addition to the reactive surfactant of the present invention, from the viewpoint of further improving the polymerization stability during emulsion polymerization and improving the mechanical stability of the resulting polymer emulsion. It can also be used together.
Other surfactants that can be used in combination are not particularly limited. For example, nonionic surfactants include polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, fatty acid polyethylene glycol ethers, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, and the like, and anionic surfactants Examples thereof include fatty acid soap, rosin acid soap, alkane sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate, and the like.
In addition to the reactive surfactant of the present invention, when other surfactant is used in combination, the other surfactant is preferably 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the surfactant of the present invention. As mentioned above, More preferably, it is 10 mass parts or more, More preferably, it is 20 mass parts or more, Preferably it is 50 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 40 mass parts or less, More preferably, it is 30 mass parts or less.

<ポリマーエマルションの製造方法>
本発明のポリマーエマルションの製造方法は、本発明の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤を用いて、ビニル系モノマーの乳化重合を行う方法である。
本発明の製造方法において、前記の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤の使用量は、重合安定性、機械的安定性、並びに耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性の観点から、ビニル系モノマーの総量に対して、好ましくは0.1質量%以上、より好ましくは0.5質量%以上、更に好ましくは1質量%以上であり、そして、好ましくは10質量%以下、より好ましくは5質量%以下である。
<Method for producing polymer emulsion>
The method for producing a polymer emulsion of the present invention is a method for carrying out emulsion polymerization of a vinyl monomer using the reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization of the present invention.
In the production method of the present invention, the amount of the reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization used is a vinyl monomer from the viewpoints of polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion. Is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 0.5% by mass or more, still more preferably 1% by mass or more, and preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass. It is as follows.

本発明の製造方法で用いられるビニル系モノマーとしては、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、クロロスチレン等の芳香族ビニルモノマー;(メタ)アクリル酸メチル、(メタ)アクリル酸ブチル、(メタ)アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル等の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル;(メタ)アクリル酸;塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン等のハロゲン化ビニル及びハロゲン化ビニリデン類;酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル等のビニルエステル類;(メタ)アクリロニトリル等のニトリル類;ブタジエン、イソプレン等の共役ジエン類が挙げられる。
これらのモノマーは、単独で重合させても、2種以上を共重合させてもよい。
Examples of vinyl monomers used in the production method of the present invention include aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, and chlorostyrene; methyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, and (meth) acrylic acid 2 (Meth) acrylic acid esters such as ethylhexyl; (meth) acrylic acid; vinyl halides and vinylidene halides such as vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide and vinylidene chloride; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate and vinyl propionate; Nitriles such as (meth) acrylonitrile; conjugated dienes such as butadiene and isoprene.
These monomers may be polymerized alone or two or more of them may be copolymerized.

本発明の製造方法で用いられる開始剤としては、例えば、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム等の過硫酸塩、過酸化水素、t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物;アゾビスジイソブチロニトリル、2,2−アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)ジハイドロクロライド等のアゾ系開始剤等が挙げられ、重合反応性、作業性及び経済性の観点から、好ましくは過硫酸塩である。さらに、重合開始剤としては、過酸化物に亜硫酸ナトリウム、ロンガリット、アスコルビン酸等の還元剤を組み合わせたレドックス系の開始剤も使用できる。   Examples of the initiator used in the production method of the present invention include persulfates such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, organic peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, benzoyl peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide. Oxides; azo-based initiators such as azobisdiisobutyronitrile and 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, and the like. From the viewpoint of polymerization reactivity, workability, and economy, Sulfate. Furthermore, as the polymerization initiator, a redox initiator in which a peroxide and a reducing agent such as sodium sulfite, Rongalite, and ascorbic acid are combined can also be used.

モノマーの添加方法は、モノマー滴下法、モノマー一括仕込み法、あるいはプレエマルション法等を用いることができるが、重合安定性からプレエマルション法が好ましい。滴下時間は1時間以上8時間以下が好ましく、熟成時間は1時間以上5時間以下が好ましい。重合温度は、開始剤の分解温度により調整されるが、過硫酸塩の場合は好ましくは60℃以上95℃以下、より好ましくは70℃以上90℃以下である。   As a monomer addition method, a monomer dropping method, a monomer batch charging method, a pre-emulsion method, or the like can be used, but the pre-emulsion method is preferable from the viewpoint of polymerization stability. The dropping time is preferably from 1 hour to 8 hours, and the aging time is preferably from 1 hour to 5 hours. The polymerization temperature is adjusted by the decomposition temperature of the initiator. In the case of persulfate, it is preferably 60 ° C. or higher and 95 ° C. or lower, more preferably 70 ° C. or higher and 90 ° C. or lower.

以下の実施例及び比較例において、「%」は、特記しない限り質量%である。
なお、以下の実施例1−1〜1−12において、本発明の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤の構造、及び式(I)におけるAOの平均付加モル数pは、H−NMRを用いて確認した。
H−NMRの測定は、Agilent Technologies社製、H−NMR測定装置「400−MR DD2」を用いて、溶媒:重クロロホルム、測定温度:25℃、パルス遅延時間:10秒の条件で行った。
In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, “%” is mass% unless otherwise specified.
In Examples 1-1 to 1-12 below, the structure of the reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization of the present invention and the average added mole number p of AO in the formula (I) were determined using 1 H-NMR. Confirmed.
1 H-NMR measurement is, Agilent Technologies Inc., by 1 H-NMR measurement apparatus "400-MR DD2", solvent: chloroform, measurement temperature: 25 ° C., a pulse delay time: carried out in 10 seconds Conditions It was.

<乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤の製造>
実施例1−1(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−1]の製造)
[工程1]
攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール(東京化成(株)製)861.0g(10モル)、粉末ナトリウムメトキサイド3.11g(0.0576モル)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下130℃で炭素数12、14のα−オレフィンエポキサイド(AOE X24、ダイセル化学工業(株)製)236.7g(1.15モル)を4時間かけて滴下し、この温度で12時間熟成した。この反応物にリン酸を加えてナトリウムメトキサイドを中和した後、減圧下で未反応の3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールを除去し、反応物中に含まれるリン酸ナトリウム塩を濾過により除去し、α−オレフィンエポキサイドの3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール付加体である反応生成物265.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、α―オレフィンエポキサイドの平均付加モル数pは1であった。
[工程2]
このα−オレフィンエポキサイドの3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール付加体232.8g(0.8モル)、NaOH3.2g(0.08モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール296.0g(4モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−1を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−1に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−1の精製物330.5g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下105℃で3時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−1]を得た。
<Production of reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization>
Example 1-1 (Production of Reactive Surfactant for Emulsion Polymerization [A-1])
[Step 1]
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube, 861.0 g (10 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 3.11 g of powdered sodium methoxide (0.0576 mol) was charged, and 136.7 g (1.15 mol) of α-olefin epoxide having 12 and 14 carbon atoms (AOE X24, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at 130 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 4 hours. Then, the mixture was aged at this temperature for 12 hours. After adding phosphoric acid to this reaction product to neutralize sodium methoxide, unreacted 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was removed under reduced pressure, and sodium phosphate contained in the reaction product was removed. The reaction product was removed by filtration to obtain 265.0 g of a reaction product which was a 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol adduct of α-olefin epoxide. According to 1 H-NMR measurement, the average added mole number p of α-olefin epoxide was 1.
[Step 2]
This α-olefin epoxide 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol adduct 232.8 g (0.8 mol) and NaOH 3.2 g (0.08 mol) were added to a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube. The reaction vessel provided was heated to 120 ° C., 296.0 g (4 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-1 as ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-1, purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, and then dehydrated under reduced pressure. A purified product of intermediate a-1 (330.5 g, 0.5 mol) and sulfamic acid (51.5 g, 0.53 mol) were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was heated at 105 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-1].

実施例1−2(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−2]の製造)
[工程1]
攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール2583.0g(30モル)、粉末ナトリウムメトキサイド10.8g(0.2モル)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下85℃でn−ブチルグリシジルエーテル390.0g(3モル)を2時間かけて滴下し、この温度で8時間熟成した。この反応物にリン酸を加えてナトリウムメトキサイドを中和した後、減圧下で未反応の3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールを除去し、反応物中に含まれるリン酸ナトリウム塩を濾過により除去し、1−O−n−ブチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンである反応生成物460.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、アルキルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数は1であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−ブチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン216.1g(1モル)とNaOH4.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させグリシドール370.0g(5モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−2を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−2に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−2の精製物293.1g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下110℃で4時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−2]を得た。
Example 1-2 (Production of Reactive Surfactant [A-2] for Emulsion Polymerization)
[Step 1]
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube was charged with 2583.0 g (30 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and 10.8 g (0.2 mol) of powdered sodium methoxide. Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 390.0 g (3 mol) of n-butyl glycidyl ether was added dropwise over 2 hours at 85 ° C., and the mixture was aged at this temperature for 8 hours. After adding phosphoric acid to this reaction product to neutralize sodium methoxide, unreacted 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was removed under reduced pressure, and sodium phosphate contained in the reaction product was removed. The reaction product was removed by filtration to obtain 460.0 g of a reaction product which was 1-O-n-butyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin. According to the measurement of 1 H-NMR, the average added mole number of alkyl glycidyl ether was 1.
[Step 2]
This 1-O-n-butyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin 216.1 g (1 mol) and NaOH 4.0 g (0.1 mol) were mixed with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux. The reaction vessel equipped with a tube was charged, the temperature was raised to 120 ° C., 370.0 g (5 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-2 as ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-2 and purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure. 293.1 g (0.5 mol) of a purified product of intermediate a-2 and 51.5 g (0.53 mol) of sulfamic acid were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the reaction was carried out at 110 ° C. for 4 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-2].

実施例1−3(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−3]の製造)
[工程1]
実施例1−2の[工程1]において、n−ブチルグリシジルエーテルの代わりに、n−ドデシルグリシジルエーテル726.0g(3モル)を用いる以外は実施例1−2の[工程1]と同様にして1−O−n−ドデシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンである反応生成物697.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、アルキルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数pは1であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−ドデシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン328.1g(1モル)、NaOH4.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール370.0g(5モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−3を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−3に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−3の精製物349.1g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下105℃で3時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−3]を得た。
Example 1-3 (Production of Reactive Surfactant [A-3] for Emulsion Polymerization)
[Step 1]
In [Step 1] of Example 1-2, in the same manner as [Step 1] of Example 1-2, except that 726.0 g (3 mol) of n-dodecyl glycidyl ether was used instead of n-butyl glycidyl ether. As a result, 697.0 g of a reaction product which was 1-O-n-dodecyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin was obtained. According to the measurement of 1 H-NMR, the average added mole number p of alkyl glycidyl ether was 1.
[Step 2]
This 1-O-n-dodecyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin 328.1 g (1 mol) and NaOH 4.0 g (0.1 mol) were added to a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel, reflux. A reaction vessel equipped with a tube was charged, the temperature was raised to 120 ° C., 370.0 g (5 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-3 as ether alcohol. .
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-3 and the mixture was purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure. A purified product of intermediate a-3 (349.1 g, 0.5 mol) and sulfamic acid (51.5 g, 0.53 mol) were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the reaction was performed at 105 ° C. for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-3].

実施例1−4(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−4]の製造)
[工程1]
攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール397.0g(4.6モル)、粉末ナトリウムメトキサイド3.11g(0.0576モル)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下130℃で炭素数12、14のα―オレフィンエポキサイド(AOE X24、ダイセル化学工業(株)製)236.7g(1.15モル)を4時間かけて滴下し、この温度で12時間熟成した。この反応物にリン酸を加えてナトリウムメトキサイドを中和した後、減圧下で未反応の3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールを除去し、反応物中に含まれるリン酸ナトリウム塩を濾過により除去し、α−オレフィンエポキサイドの3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール付加体である反応生成物300.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、α―オレフィンエポキサイドの平均付加モル数は1.32であった。
[工程2]
このα−オレフィンエポキサイドの3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール付加体286.3g(0.8モル)とNaOH3.2g(0.08モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール296.0g(4モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−4を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−4に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−4の精製物582.3g(0.8モル)にスルファミン酸80.0g(0.82モル)を仕込み120℃で3時間反応させて、硫酸エステル化を行った。未反応スルファミン酸を除去して、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−4]を得た。
Example 1-4 (Production of reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-4])
[Step 1]
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux tube, 397.0 g (4.6 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and 3.11 g (0.0576 mol) of powdered sodium methoxide were used. In a nitrogen atmosphere, 236.7 g (1.15 mol) of an α-olefin epoxide having 12 and 14 carbon atoms (AOE X24, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added dropwise over 4 hours at a temperature of 130 ° C. For 12 hours. After adding phosphoric acid to this reaction product to neutralize sodium methoxide, unreacted 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was removed under reduced pressure, and sodium phosphate contained in the reaction product was removed. The reaction product was removed by filtration to obtain 300.0 g of a reaction product which was a 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol adduct of α-olefin epoxide. According to 1 H-NMR measurement, the average added mole number of α-olefin epoxide was 1.32.
[Step 2]
286.3 g (0.8 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol adduct of this α-olefin epoxide and 3.2 g of NaOH (0.08 mol) were added to a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube. The reaction vessel was charged, heated to 120 ° C., 296.0 g (4 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-4 as ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-4, the mixture was purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, and then dehydrated under reduced pressure. To 582.3 g (0.8 mol) of the purified intermediate a-4, 80.0 g (0.82 mol) of sulfamic acid was charged and reacted at 120 ° C. for 3 hours to carry out sulfate esterification. Unreacted sulfamic acid was removed to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-4].

実施例1−5(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−5]の製造)
[工程1]
攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール2583.0g(30モル)、粉末ナトリウムメトキサイド8.1g(0.15モル)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下85℃でn−オクタデシルグリシジルエーテル652.0g(2モル)を2時間かけて滴下し、この温度で8時間熟成した。この反応物にリン酸を加えてナトリウムメトキサイドを中和した後、減圧下で未反応の3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールを除去し、反応物中に含まれるリン酸ナトリウム塩を濾過により除去し、1−O−n−オクタデシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンである反応生成物526.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、アルキルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数は1であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−オクタデシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン412.1g(1モル)とNaOH4.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール370g(5モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−5を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−5に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−5の精製物391.1g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下105℃で3時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−5]を得た。
Example 1-5 (Production of Reactive Surfactant for Emulsion Polymerization [A-5])
[Step 1]
A reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel, and a reflux tube was charged with 2583.0 g (30 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and 8.1 g (0.15 mol) of powdered sodium methoxide. Then, 652.0 g (2 mol) of n-octadecylglycidyl ether was added dropwise at 85 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 2 hours, and the mixture was aged at this temperature for 8 hours. After adding phosphoric acid to this reaction product to neutralize sodium methoxide, unreacted 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was removed under reduced pressure, and sodium phosphate contained in the reaction product was removed. The reaction product was removed by filtration to obtain 526.0 g of a reaction product which was 1-On-octadecyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin. According to the measurement of 1 H-NMR, the average added mole number of alkyl glycidyl ether was 1.
[Step 2]
This 1-O-n-octadecyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin 412.1 g (1 mol) and NaOH 4.0 g (0.1 mol) were mixed with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel, reflux. A reaction vessel equipped with a tube was charged, the temperature was raised to 120 ° C., 370 g (5 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-5 which is ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-5 and purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure. A purified product of intermediate a-5 (391.1 g, 0.5 mol) and sulfamic acid (51.5 g, 0.53 mol) were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was heated at 105 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant [A-5] for emulsion polymerization.

実施例1−6(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−6]の製造)
[工程1]
実施例1−2の[工程1]において、n−ブチルグリシジルエーテルの代わりに、n−オクチルグリシジルエーテルとn−デシルグリシジルエーテルの混合体(n−オクチルグリシジルエーテルとn−デシルグリシジルエーテルのモル比1:1)398.0g(2モル)を用いる以外は実施例1−2の[工程1]と同様にして、1−O−n−オクチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンと1−O−n−デシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンの混合体(モル比1:1)である反応生成物517.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、アルキルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数は1であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−オクチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンと1−O−n−デシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンの混合体285.1g(1モル)とNaOH 4.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール370.0g(5モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−6を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−6に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−6の精製物327.5g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下105℃で3時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−6]を得た。
Example 1-6 (Production of reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-6])
[Step 1]
In [Step 1] of Example 1-2, instead of n-butyl glycidyl ether, a mixture of n-octyl glycidyl ether and n-decyl glycidyl ether (molar ratio of n-octyl glycidyl ether and n-decyl glycidyl ether) 1: 1) 1-O-n-octyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) as in [Step 1] of Example 1-2 except that 398.0 g (2 mol) was used. ) 517.0 g of a reaction product which is a mixture (molar ratio 1: 1) of glycerin and 1-On-decyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin was obtained. According to the measurement of 1 H-NMR, the average added mole number of alkyl glycidyl ether was 1.
[Step 2]
A mixture 285 of this 1-On-octyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin and 1-On-decyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin .1 g (1 mol) and 4.0 g of NaOH (0.1 mol) were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube, heated to 120 ° C., and 370.0 g of glycidol (5 mol) ) Was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-6 as ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-6, the mixture was purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, and then dehydrated under reduced pressure. A purified product of intermediate a-6 (327.5 g, 0.5 mol) and sulfamic acid (51.5 g, 0.53 mol) were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred at 105 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-6].

実施例1−7(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−7]の製造)
[工程1]
実施例1−6の[工程1]と同様にして、1−O−n−オクチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンと1−O−n−デシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンの混合体(モル比1:1)である反応生成物を得た。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−オクチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンと1−O−n−デシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンの混合体(モル比1:1)285.1g(1モル)とNaOH 4.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール444.0g(6モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌して中間体a−7を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−7に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−7の精製物364.5g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下105℃で3時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−7]を得た。
Example 1-7 (Production of reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-7])
[Step 1]
In the same manner as in [Step 1] of Example 1-6, 1-On-octyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin and 1-On-decyl-3-O- A reaction product which was a mixture (molar ratio 1: 1) of (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin was obtained.
[Step 2]
A mixture of 1-O-n-octyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerol and 1-O-n-decyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerol ( (Molar ratio 1: 1) 285.1 g (1 mol) and 4.0 g NaOH (0.1 mol) were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube, and the temperature was raised to 120 ° C. 444.0 g (6 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-7.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-7 and the mixture was purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure. 364.5 g (0.5 mol) of a purified product of intermediate a-7 and 51.5 g (0.53 mol) of sulfamic acid were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the reaction was carried out at 105 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-7].

実施例1−8(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−8]の製造)
[工程1]
実施例1−6の[工程1]と同様にして、1−O−n−オクチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンと1−O−n−デシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンの混合体(モル比1:1)である反応生成物を得た。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−オクチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンと1−O−n−デシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンの混合体(モル比1:1)285.1g(1モル)とNaOH 4.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール296.0g(4モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−8を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−8に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−8の精製物290.5g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下105℃で3時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−8]を得た。
Example 1-8 (Production of reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-8])
[Step 1]
In the same manner as in [Step 1] of Example 1-6, 1-On-octyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin and 1-On-decyl-3-O- A reaction product which was a mixture (molar ratio 1: 1) of (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin was obtained.
[Step 2]
A mixture of 1-O-n-octyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerol and 1-O-n-decyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerol ( (Molar ratio 1: 1) 285.1 g (1 mol) and 4.0 g NaOH (0.1 mol) were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube, and the temperature was raised to 120 ° C. 296.0 g (4 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-8 which is an ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-8 and the mixture was purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure. 290.5 g (0.5 mol) of a purified product of intermediate a-8 and 51.5 g (0.53 mol) of sulfamic acid were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the reaction was carried out at 105 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-8].

実施例1−9(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−9]の製造)
[工程1]
実施例1−2の[工程1]において、n−ブチルグリシジルエーテルの代わりに、n−テトラデシルグリシジルエーテル810.0g(3モル)を用いる以外は実施例1−2の[工程1]と同様にして、1−O−n−テトラデシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンである反応生成物735.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、アルキルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数は1であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−テトラデシル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン356.1g(1モル)とNaOH4.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール296.0g(4モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−9を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−9に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−9の精製物326.1g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下105℃で3時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−9]を得た。
Example 1-9 (Production of reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-9])
[Step 1]
[Step 1] of Example 1-2 is the same as [Step 1] of Example 1-2 except that 810.0 g (3 mol) of n-tetradecylglycidyl ether is used instead of n-butyl glycidyl ether. As a result, 735.0 g of a reaction product which was 1-On-tetradecyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin was obtained. According to the measurement of 1 H-NMR, the average added mole number of alkyl glycidyl ether was 1.
[Step 2]
This 1-O-n-tetradecyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin (356.1 g, 1 mol) and NaOH 4.0 g (0.1 mol) were added to a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel, reflux. A reaction vessel equipped with a tube was charged, the temperature was raised to 120 ° C., 296.0 g (4 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-9 which was an ether alcohol. .
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-9 and purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure. 326.1 g (0.5 mol) of a purified product of intermediate a-9 and 51.5 g (0.53 mol) of sulfamic acid were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and at 105 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-9].

実施例1−10(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−10]の製造)
[工程1]
攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール1937.0g(22.5モル)、粉末ナトリウムメトキサイド8.1g(0.15モル)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下85℃で2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル279.4g(1.5モル)を2時間かけて滴下し、この温度で8時間熟成した。この反応物にリン酸を加えてナトリウムメトキサイドを中和した後、減圧下で未反応の3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールを除去し、反応物中に含まれるリン酸ナトリウム塩を濾過により除去し、1−O−(2−エチルヘキシル)−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン304.0gである反応生成物を得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、アルキルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数は1であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−(2−エチルヘキシル)−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン272.3g(1モル)とNaOH04.0g(0.1モル)を攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に仕込み、120℃まで昇温させ、グリシドール296.0g(4モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−10を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−10に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−10の精製物284.2g(0.5モル)、スルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を攪拌機、温度計を備えた反応容器に仕込み、窒素雰囲気下110℃で4時間反応させて硫酸化を行った後、未反応のスルファミン酸を加圧濾過により除去し、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−10]を得た。
Example 1-10 (Production of Reactive Surfactant for Emulsion Polymerization [A-10])
[Step 1]
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube, 1937.0 g (22.5 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 8.1 g (0.15 mol) of powdered sodium methoxide Then, 279.4 g (1.5 mol) of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether was added dropwise over 2 hours at 85 ° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, and the mixture was aged at this temperature for 8 hours. After adding phosphoric acid to this reaction product to neutralize sodium methoxide, unreacted 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was removed under reduced pressure, and sodium phosphate contained in the reaction product was removed. Removal by filtration gave a reaction product of 304.0 g 1-O- (2-ethylhexyl) -3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin. According to the measurement of 1 H-NMR, the average added mole number of alkyl glycidyl ether was 1.
[Step 2]
272.3 g (1 mol) of 1-O- (2-ethylhexyl) -3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin and 44.0 g (0.1 mol) of NaOH were added to a stirrer, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel. Into a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux tube, the temperature was raised to 120 ° C., 296.0 g (4 mol) of glycidol was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain intermediate a-10, which was ether alcohol. Obtained.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-10, the mixture was purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, and then dehydrated under reduced pressure. 284.2 g (0.5 mol) of the purified product of intermediate a-10 and 51.5 g (0.53 mol) of sulfamic acid were charged into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the reaction was carried out at 110 ° C. for 4 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction and sulfation, unreacted sulfamic acid was removed by pressure filtration to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-10].

実施例1−11(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−11]の製造)
[工程1]
攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール310.0g(3.6モル)、粉末ナトリウムメトキサイド1.95g(0.0361モル)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下130℃で2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテル223.6g(1.2モル)を2時間半かけて滴下し、この温度で5時間熟成した。この反応物にリン酸を加えてナトリウムメトキサイドを中和した後、減圧下で未反応の3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールを除去し、反応物中に含まれるリン酸ナトリウム塩を濾過により除去し、1−O−(2−エチルヘキシル)−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリンである反応生成物250.0gを得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、2−エチルヘキシルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数は1.53であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−(2−エチルヘキシル)−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン222.4g(0.6モル)を120℃まで昇温させグリシドール177.6g(2.4モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−11を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−11に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−11の精製物333.3g(0.5モル)にスルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を仕込み120℃で3時間反応させて、硫酸エステル化を行った。未反応スルファミン酸を除去して、下記式で表される乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−11]を得た。
Example 1-11 (Production of Reactive Surfactant for Emulsion Polymerization [A-11])
[Step 1]
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, dropping funnel and reflux tube, 310.0 g (3.6 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and 1.95 g (0.0361 mol) of powdered sodium methoxide were used. Then, 233.6 g (1.2 mol) of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether was added dropwise at 130 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere over 2 hours and aged at this temperature for 5 hours. After adding phosphoric acid to this reaction product to neutralize sodium methoxide, unreacted 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was removed under reduced pressure, and sodium phosphate contained in the reaction product was removed. Removal by filtration gave 250.0 g of a reaction product which was 1-O- (2-ethylhexyl) -3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin. According to 1 H-NMR measurement, the average added mole number of 2-ethylhexyl glycidyl ether was 1.53.
[Step 2]
The 1-O- (2-ethylhexyl) -3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin 222.4 g (0.6 mol) was heated to 120 ° C. and glycidol 177.6 g (2.4 mol) was obtained. ) Was added dropwise over 1 hour, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-11 which is an ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
Water was added to the intermediate a-11 and the mixture was purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, followed by dehydration under reduced pressure. The purified product of intermediate a-11 was charged with 331.5 g (0.5 mol) of sulfamic acid 51.5 g (0.53 mol) and reacted at 120 ° C. for 3 hours to effect sulfate esterification. Unreacted sulfamic acid was removed to obtain an emulsion polymerization reactive surfactant [A-11] represented by the following formula.

実施例1−12(乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−12]の製造)
[工程1]
攪拌機、温度計、滴下漏斗、還流管を備えた反応容器に3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オール180.8g(2.1モル)、粉末ナトリウムメトキサイド3.40g(0.0629モル)を仕込み、窒素雰囲気下140℃でn−ブチルグリシジルエーテル273.4g(2.1モル)を2時間かけて滴下し、この温度で7時間熟成した。この反応物にリン酸を加えてナトリウムメトキサイドを中和した後、減圧下で未反応の3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールを除去し、反応物中に含まれるリン酸ナトリウム塩を濾過により除去し、1−O−n−ブチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン340.0gである反応生成物を得た。H−NMRの測定によれば、ブチルグリシジルエーテルの平均付加モル数は1.72であった。
[工程2]
この1−O−n−ブチル−3−O−(3−メチル−3−ブテニル)グリセリン309.7g(1モル)を120℃まで昇温させグリシドール444.0g(6モル)を1時間かけて滴下し、さらに2時間撹拌してエーテルアルコールである中間体a−12を得た。
[工程3]
中間体a−12に水を加え陽イオン交換樹脂及び陰イオン交換樹脂を通過させ精製した後、減圧脱水した。中間体a−12の精製物376.9g(0.5モル)にスルファミン酸51.5g(0.53モル)を仕込み120℃で3時間反応させて、硫酸エステル化を行った。未反応スルファミン酸を除去して、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤[A−12]を得た。
Example 1-12 (Production of reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-12])
[Step 1]
In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux tube, 180.8 g (2.1 mol) of 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3.40 g (0.0629 mol) of powdered sodium methoxide In a nitrogen atmosphere, 273.4 g (2.1 mol) of n-butyl glycidyl ether was added dropwise over 2 hours at 140 ° C., and the mixture was aged at this temperature for 7 hours. After adding phosphoric acid to this reaction product to neutralize sodium methoxide, unreacted 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol was removed under reduced pressure, and sodium phosphate contained in the reaction product was removed. Removal by filtration gave a reaction product of 340.0 g 1-O-n-butyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin. According to 1 H-NMR measurement, the average added mole number of butyl glycidyl ether was 1.72.
[Step 2]
309.7 g (1 mol) of 1-O-n-butyl-3-O- (3-methyl-3-butenyl) glycerin was heated to 120 ° C., and 444.0 g (6 mol) of glycidol was added over 1 hour. The mixture was added dropwise, and the mixture was further stirred for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate a-12 which is ether alcohol.
[Step 3]
The intermediate a-12 was added with water, purified by passing through a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin, and then dehydrated under reduced pressure. The purified product of intermediate a-12 (376.9 g, 0.5 mol) was charged with 51.5 g (0.53 mol) of sulfamic acid and reacted at 120 ° C. for 3 hours to carry out sulfate esterification. Unreacted sulfamic acid was removed to obtain a reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization [A-12].

実施例2−1〜2−12
実施例1−1〜1−12で得られた本発明の反応性界面活性剤を表1に示す。これらを乳化剤として用い、下記の方法で乳化重合を行い、下記方法で性能を評価した結果を表2に示す。
Examples 2-1 to 2-12
The reactive surfactants of the present invention obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-12 are shown in Table 1. Using these as emulsifiers, emulsion polymerization is carried out by the following method, and the results of performance evaluation by the following method are shown in Table 2.

(乳化重合方法)
攪拌機、原料投入口を備えた1Lフラスコに、室温(20℃)で、イオン交換水112.5g、重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム0.36g、実施例1−1〜1−12で得られた本発明の反応性界面活性剤3.6gを混合し、500r/minで攪拌しながら、アクリル酸ブチル110.8g、メタクリル酸メチル110.8g、アクリル酸3.4gのモノマー混合物を約5分間かけて滴下し、30分間攪拌して乳化物滴下液を得た。
次に攪拌機、還流冷却器、原料投入口を備えた1Lセパラブルフラスコ内に、イオン交換水162.5g、重合開始剤として過硫酸カリウム0.09g、実施例1−1〜1−12で得られた本発明の反応性界面活性剤0.90g、上記乳化物滴下液の5%に相当する量(17.1g)を仕込み、80℃に昇温し、30分間1段目重合を行なった。その後、残りの乳化物滴下液を3時間かけて滴下し、滴下終了後、さらに1時間熟成した。得られたポリマーエマルションを30℃以下に冷却し、200メッシュステンレス金網でろ過し、エマルション中の凝集物を回収した。フラスコ内、及び攪拌羽根に付着した凝集物も回収した。なお、上記反応性界面活性剤量はすべて、固形分換算である。
(Emulsion polymerization method)
In a 1 L flask equipped with a stirrer and a raw material inlet, at room temperature (20 ° C.), 112.5 g of ion-exchanged water, 0.36 g of potassium persulfate as a polymerization initiator, obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-12 While mixing 3.6 g of the reactive surfactant of the present invention and stirring at 500 r / min, a monomer mixture of butyl acrylate 110.8 g, methyl methacrylate 110.8 g, and acrylic acid 3.4 g was applied over about 5 minutes. Then, the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes to obtain an emulsion dropping solution.
Next, in a 1 L separable flask equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, and a raw material charging port, 162.5 g of ion exchange water, 0.09 g of potassium persulfate as a polymerization initiator, obtained in Examples 1-1 to 1-12 0.90 g of the obtained reactive surfactant of the present invention and an amount (17.1 g) corresponding to 5% of the emulsion dropping solution were charged, the temperature was raised to 80 ° C., and the first stage polymerization was performed for 30 minutes. . Thereafter, the remaining emulsion dropping solution was added dropwise over 3 hours, and after completion of the addition, it was further aged for 1 hour. The obtained polymer emulsion was cooled to 30 ° C. or lower and filtered through a 200 mesh stainless steel wire mesh to collect aggregates in the emulsion. Aggregates adhered to the flask and the stirring blade were also collected. In addition, all the said reactive surfactant amounts are conversion of solid content.

比較例1〜4
比較例で用いた従来型陰イオン界面活性剤は、以下のとおりである。これらを乳化剤として用い、実施例と同様の方法で乳化重合を行い、下記方法で性能を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
B−1:ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム(花王(株)、商品名:ラテムルE−118B)、エチレンオキサイドの平均付加モル数:18
B−2:リニアアルキルベンゼンスルホン酸ナトリウム(花王(株)、商品名:ネオペレックスG−25)
B−3:ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル硫酸ナトリウム(花王(株)、商品名:エマール20C)、エチレンオキサイドの平均付加モル数:3
B−4:アリルドデシルスルホサクシネートナトリウム(反応性界面活性剤、三洋化成工業(株)、商品名:エレミノールJS−20)
Comparative Examples 1-4
The conventional anionic surfactants used in the comparative examples are as follows. Using these as emulsifiers, emulsion polymerization was performed in the same manner as in Examples, and the performance was evaluated by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 2.
B-1: Sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate (Kao Corporation, trade name: Latemul E-118B), average added mole number of ethylene oxide: 18
B-2: Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (Kao Corporation, trade name: Neoperex G-25)
B-3: Sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether sulfate (Kao Corporation, trade name: Emar 20C), average added mole number of ethylene oxide: 3
B-4: Sodium allyldodecyl sulfosuccinate (reactive surfactant, Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: Eleminol JS-20)

<性能評価方法>
(1)重合安定性
回収した凝集物を水洗後26.6kPa、105℃で2時間乾燥後、秤量して、凝集物量を求めた。使用したモノマーの総量に対する凝集物の質量%で、重合安定性を表した。結果を表2に示す。
<Performance evaluation method>
(1) Polymerization stability The collected aggregates were washed with water, dried at 26.6 kPa and 105 ° C. for 2 hours, and then weighed to determine the amount of aggregates. Polymerization stability was expressed in terms of mass% of aggregates based on the total amount of monomers used. The results are shown in Table 2.

(2)平均粒径
得られたポリマーエマルションを25%アンモニア水で中和し、pH8〜9とした。ベックマン・コールター社製の動的光散乱法粒径測定装置「N4 Plus」を使用して、中和後のポリマーエマルション粒子の体積平均粒径を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
(2) Average particle diameter The obtained polymer emulsion was neutralized with 25% aqueous ammonia to a pH of 8-9. The volume average particle size of the polymer emulsion particles after neutralization was measured using a dynamic light scattering particle size measuring device “N4 Plus” manufactured by Beckman Coulter. The results are shown in Table 2.

(3)機械的安定性
上記中和後のポリマーエマルション50gをマロン式機械的安定性試験機にて、98N、1000r/minの条件で5分間回転させ、生成した凝集物を200メッシュステンレス金網でろ過し、ろ過残渣を水洗後に、26.6kPa、105℃で2時間乾燥後、秤量して、ポリマーに対する凝集物量を質量%で表した。結果を表2に示す。
(3) Mechanical stability 50 g of the neutralized polymer emulsion was rotated for 5 minutes under the conditions of 98 N, 1000 r / min with a Maron mechanical stability tester, and the resulting agglomerate was 200 mesh stainless steel mesh. After filtration, the filtration residue was washed with water, dried at 26.6 kPa and 105 ° C. for 2 hours, and then weighed, and the amount of aggregate relative to the polymer was expressed by mass%. The results are shown in Table 2.

(4)塗膜の耐温水白化性
上記中和後のポリマーエマルションを、透明アクリル板上にアプリケーターを使用して、乾燥膜厚が50μmとなるよう塗工し、熱風乾燥機で100℃、10分間乾燥し、アクリル板上に塗膜を形成した。このアクリル板を60℃の温水に48時間浸漬した後、ヘイズメーターを使用して、塗膜のヘイズ値を測定した。耐温水白化性はヘイズ値が小さい程良好である。結果を表2に示す。
(4) Warm water whitening resistance of coating film The neutralized polymer emulsion is applied on a transparent acrylic plate using an applicator so that the dry film thickness is 50 μm, and is heated at 100 ° C. and 10 ° C. with a hot air dryer. It was dried for a minute to form a coating film on the acrylic plate. After this acrylic plate was immersed in warm water of 60 ° C. for 48 hours, the haze value of the coating film was measured using a haze meter. The hot water whitening resistance is better as the haze value is smaller. The results are shown in Table 2.

(5)塗膜の光沢性
<塗料の作成方法>
250mLポリ容器に1mm径と2mm径のガラスビーズ各50g、二酸化チタン150g、ポイズ530(特殊ポリカルボン酸型界面活性剤40%品、花王(株)製)3.75g、イオン交換水62gを仕込み、ペイントシェーカーで3時間攪拌し、顔料固形分が70%である顔料水分散液を調製した。
次にフラスコに上記顔料水分散液7.1g、各ポリマーエマルション11.1g、イオン交換水1.8gを秤取り、均一に混合し、仕上がり塗料固形分50%(PWC50%)の塗料を得た。なお、PWCとは、下記式によって算出される値である。
PWC=顔料固形分/(顔料固形分+ポリマーエマルション固形分)×100
<光沢の測定法>
上記の塗料をバーコーターNo.8でポリプロピレンフィルム上に塗工し、塗工後、室温で一昼夜乾燥し評価用塗膜を得た。この塗膜の表面光沢を光沢計(GM−60、ミノルタ(株)製)で、入射角度60°の条件において測定した。結果を表2に示す。
(5) Glossiness of coating film <Method of creating paint>
A 250 mL plastic container is charged with 50 g of 1 mm diameter and 2 mm diameter glass beads, 150 g of titanium dioxide, 3.75 g of Poise 530 (40% special polycarboxylic acid type surfactant, manufactured by Kao Corporation), and 62 g of ion-exchanged water. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours with a paint shaker to prepare a pigment aqueous dispersion having a pigment solid content of 70%.
Next, 7.1 g of the pigment aqueous dispersion, 11.1 g of each polymer emulsion, and 1.8 g of ion-exchanged water were weighed and uniformly mixed in the flask to obtain a paint having a finished paint solid content of 50% (PWC 50%). . PWC is a value calculated by the following equation.
PWC = pigment solid content / (pigment solid content + polymer emulsion solid content) × 100
<Measuring method of gloss>
The above coating was applied to bar coater no. 8 was coated on a polypropylene film, and after coating, it was dried overnight at room temperature to obtain a coating film for evaluation. The surface gloss of this coating film was measured with a gloss meter (GM-60, manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.) at an incident angle of 60 °. The results are shown in Table 2.

(6)塗膜の密着性(碁盤目試験)
基材としてアクリル板上に、(4)と同様の方法で塗膜を形成した。これらの塗膜において、JIS K5600−5−6に規定されたクロスカット法に従って切込みを入れ、マス目を100個形成した。市販の粘着テープを圧着させた後1〜2分間放置し、垂直方向に剥離したときの塗膜に残るマス目の数を目視で計測し、下記の基準で評価した。結果を表2に示す。
A:残ったマス目が95個以上
B:残ったマス目が90個以上95個未満
C:残ったマス目が70個以上90個未満
D:残ったマス目が70個未満
(6) Coating film adhesion (cross cut test)
A coating film was formed on an acrylic plate as a substrate by the same method as (4). In these coating films, incisions were made according to the cross-cut method defined in JIS K5600-5-6 to form 100 squares. After the commercially available adhesive tape was pressure-bonded, it was allowed to stand for 1 to 2 minutes, and the number of squares remaining on the coating film when peeled in the vertical direction was visually measured and evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2.
A: 95 or more cells remaining B: 90 or more cells less than 95 cells C: 70 or more cells less than 90 cells D: 70 cells or less cells remaining D: less than 70 cells

実施例2−1〜2−12は、比較例1〜4と比較して、従来型の界面活性剤とほぼ同等の重合安定性及び機械的安定性を維持しつつ、耐温水白化性、光沢性、及び密着性に優れていることが分かる。
平均重合度mが5である、実施例2−2,2−3,2−5,2−6を比較すると、Rで示されるアルキル基の炭素数が8、10である実施例2−6が、機械的安定性、耐温水白化性、光沢性、密着性に優れていることが分かる。
平均重合度mが4である、実施例2−8,2−9,2−10を比較すると、Rで示されるアルキル基の炭素数が8である実施例2−10が、機械的安定性、耐温水白化性、光沢性、密着性に優れていることが分かる。
C8、C10グリシジルエーテル混合体を用いた、実施例2−6〜2−8の比較では、平均重合度mが5である実施例2−6が、重合安定性、機械的安定性、耐温水白化性、光沢性、密着性に優れていることが分かる。
実施例2−1,2−4の比較、及び実施例2−10,2−11の比較では、AOの平均付加モル数pが1である実施例2−1及び2−10が、重合安定性、機械的安定性、耐温水白化性、光沢性、密着性に優れていることが分かる。
比較例1〜3で用いた界面活性剤は、重合性基を有しておらず、実施例2−1〜2−12と比較して、耐温水白化性、光沢性、密着性が劣っている。
比較例4は、実施例2−1〜2−12と比較して、重合性基であるアリル基を有しているにもかかわらず、重合安定性、機械的安定性、耐温水白化性、光沢性、密着性が劣っている。
Examples 2-1 to 2-12 have hot water whitening resistance and gloss while maintaining substantially the same polymerization stability and mechanical stability as conventional surfactants compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 4. It turns out that it is excellent in property and adhesiveness.
When Examples 2-2, 2-3, 2-5, and 2-6 having an average degree of polymerization m of 5 are compared, Examples 2-6 in which the alkyl group represented by R has 8 and 10 carbon atoms. However, it turns out that it is excellent in mechanical stability, warm water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesiveness.
Comparing Examples 2-8, 2-9, and 2-10, in which the average degree of polymerization m is 4, Example 2-10 in which the alkyl group represented by R has 8 carbon atoms has mechanical stability. It can be seen that the water-whitening resistance, glossiness and adhesion are excellent.
In comparison of Examples 2-6 to 2-8 using a C8, C10 glycidyl ether mixture, Example 2-6 having an average degree of polymerization m of 5 is polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water resistance. It turns out that it is excellent in whitening property, glossiness, and adhesiveness.
In the comparison between Examples 2-1 and 2-4 and the comparison between Examples 2-10 and 2-11, Examples 2-1 and 2-10 in which the average added mole number p of AO is 1 are polymerization stable. It can be seen that it has excellent properties, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion.
The surfactant used in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 does not have a polymerizable group and is inferior in warm water whitening resistance, glossiness, and adhesion as compared with Examples 2-1 to 2-12. Yes.
Comparative Example 4 has polymerization stability, mechanical stability, hot water whitening resistance, despite having an allyl group that is a polymerizable group, as compared with Examples 2-1 to 2-12. Glossiness and adhesion are inferior.

本発明の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤は、例えば、塗料、接着剤、紙加工、繊維加工、プラスチック、ゴム等の分野に有用である。   The reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization of the present invention is useful in the fields of paints, adhesives, paper processing, fiber processing, plastics, rubbers and the like.

Claims (5)

下記式(I)で表される、乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤。

(式(I)中、Aは炭素数8以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキレン基、又は下記式(II)若しくは式(III)で表されるアルコキシメチルエチレン基を示し、pはAOの平均付加モル数を示し、0.8以上2以下の数である。Xは下記式(1−1)又は(1−2)で表される基を示し、mはXの平均重合度を示し、2以上20以下の数である。)

(式(II)及び式(III)中、Rは炭素数4以上18以下の直鎖又は分岐鎖のアルキル基である。)

(式(1−1)及び(1−2)中、Zは、水素原子、−SOM基、及びXの結合手から選ばれる1種以上を示し、同一又は異なっていてもよいが、全てのZが水素原子のものを除く。Mはカチオンである。)
A reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization represented by the following formula (I).

(In the formula (I), A represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, or an alkoxymethylethylene group represented by the following formula (II) or formula (III), and p represents AO The average added mole number is 0.8 or more and 2 or less, X is a group represented by the following formula (1-1) or (1-2), and m is the average degree of polymerization of X. The number is 2 or more and 20 or less.)

(In the formulas (II) and (III), R is a linear or branched alkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms.)

(In formulas (1-1) and (1-2), Z represents one or more selected from a hydrogen atom, a —SO 3 M group, and a bond of X, and may be the same or different, (All except Z are hydrogen atoms, M is a cation.)
式(I)において、Aが式(II)又は式(III)で表されるアルコキシメチルエチレン基である、請求項1に記載の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤。   The reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization according to claim 1, wherein A is an alkoxymethylethylene group represented by formula (II) or formula (III) in formula (I). Xの平均重合度が、3以上10以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤。   The reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average degree of polymerization of X is 3 or more and 10 or less. 下記工程1〜3により得られる、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤。
工程1:3−メチル−3−ブテン−1−オールに、炭素数8以上18以下のオレフィンエポキサイド、及び炭素数4以上18以下のアルキルグリシジルエーテルから選ばれる少なくとも1種を付加する工程
工程2:工程1で得られた反応生成物に、さらにグリシドールを付加してエーテルアルコールを得る工程
工程3:工程2で得られたエーテルアルコールを、硫酸化する工程
The reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization according to any one of claims 1 to 3, obtained by the following steps 1 to 3.
Step 1: Step of adding at least one selected from olefin epoxide having 8 to 18 carbon atoms and alkyl glycidyl ether having 4 to 18 carbon atoms to 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol Step 2: Step of adding glycidol to the reaction product obtained in step 1 to obtain ether alcohol Step 3: Step of sulfating the ether alcohol obtained in step 2
請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の乳化重合用反応性界面活性剤を用いて乳化重合を行う、ポリマーエマルションの製造方法。   The manufacturing method of a polymer emulsion which performs emulsion polymerization using the reactive surfactant for emulsion polymerization in any one of Claims 1-4.
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JP2002080506A (en) * 2000-09-11 2002-03-19 Kao Corp Surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization
JP2007131732A (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-31 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, manufacturing method of polymer emulsion and polymer emulsion
JP2010275496A (en) * 2009-06-01 2010-12-09 Kao Corp Method for producing polymer emulsion

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JP2002080506A (en) * 2000-09-11 2002-03-19 Kao Corp Surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization
JP2007131732A (en) * 2005-11-10 2007-05-31 Dai Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co Ltd Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, manufacturing method of polymer emulsion and polymer emulsion
JP2010275496A (en) * 2009-06-01 2010-12-09 Kao Corp Method for producing polymer emulsion

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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WO2020039601A1 (en) * 2018-08-23 2020-02-27 日本化薬株式会社 Oil-in-water type emulsion of actinic-ray-curable resin composition, and thermal recording material

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