JP2016127698A - Charger and control method - Google Patents
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- JP2016127698A JP2016127698A JP2014266449A JP2014266449A JP2016127698A JP 2016127698 A JP2016127698 A JP 2016127698A JP 2014266449 A JP2014266449 A JP 2014266449A JP 2014266449 A JP2014266449 A JP 2014266449A JP 2016127698 A JP2016127698 A JP 2016127698A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、例えば、リチウムイオン2次電池等の電池パックを充電する充電装置及び当該充電装置の制御方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a charging device for charging a battery pack such as a lithium ion secondary battery, and a control method for the charging device.
リチウムイオン2次電池の電池セルの充電電圧は、4.2Vのものが多く、2つの電池セルを直列に接続すると、2倍の電圧が取り出せるようになり、充電する際の充電電圧も2倍の8.4Vになる。 The charging voltage of the battery cell of a lithium ion secondary battery is often 4.2V. When two battery cells are connected in series, it becomes possible to extract twice the voltage, and the charging voltage when charging is doubled. 8.4V.
しかし、2つの電池セルの容量に差があると、セルバランスが崩れ、8.4Vで充電した際に、一方の電池セルの電圧が4.0V、他方の電池セルの電圧が4.4Vというように2つの電池セル間に電位差が生じる場合がある。このため、電池パックには、電池セルの安全性を確保すべく、例えばセル当り4.23Vに達すると、電流を制御するFET等により充電電流を遮断して過充電を保護する保護回路が設けられている。 However, if there is a difference in capacity between the two battery cells, the cell balance will be lost, and when charged at 8.4V, the voltage of one battery cell is 4.0V and the voltage of the other battery cell is 4.4V. Thus, a potential difference may occur between the two battery cells. For this reason, in order to ensure the safety of battery cells, the battery pack is provided with a protection circuit that protects overcharge by blocking the charging current with an FET or the like that controls the current when the voltage reaches 4.23 V per cell, for example. It has been.
電池パックの一般的な充電方法として、定電流定電圧充電を行い、定電圧充電時に満充電検出電流値以下の充電電流値を検出すると、充電回路が満充電と判定して、充電を終了する技術が知られている(第1従来例)。また、過充電の保護回路を有する電池パックの充電方法として、特許文献1には、保護電圧を超えないようにパルス充放電を繰り返す技術が提案されている(第2従来例)。 As a general charging method for battery packs, constant current and constant voltage charging is performed, and when a charging current value equal to or lower than the full charge detection current value is detected during constant voltage charging, the charging circuit determines that the battery is fully charged and terminates charging. Technology is known (first conventional example). As a method for charging a battery pack having an overcharge protection circuit, Patent Document 1 proposes a technique of repeating pulse charge / discharge so as not to exceed a protection voltage (second conventional example).
しかし、上記従来例1では、複数の電池セルのセルバランスが崩れて保護回路が作動すると、充電経路が遮断されて充電電流が流れなくなる。このため、充電電流値は、満充電検出電流値以下となり、充電回路が満充電と判定して充電が終了してしまう。この状態では、電池セルの内部抵抗により電池セルの電圧は高くなっているため、充電電流値を下げれば保護回路が作動せずに充電可能であった容量を充電することなく充電が終了してしまう。 However, in the above conventional example 1, when the cell balance of the plurality of battery cells is lost and the protection circuit is activated, the charging path is interrupted and the charging current does not flow. For this reason, the charging current value becomes equal to or less than the full charge detection current value, the charging circuit determines that the charging is full, and the charging ends. In this state, since the voltage of the battery cell is high due to the internal resistance of the battery cell, if the charging current value is lowered, the charging is completed without charging the capacity that could be charged without the protection circuit being activated. End up.
一方、上記従来例2では、パルス充放電を何度も繰り返した場合、充電が終了したときには、必要以上に充電が行われて電池セルが過充電状態となり、電池セルの劣化を起こす原因になる。 On the other hand, in the above-mentioned conventional example 2, when the pulse charge / discharge is repeated many times, when the charging is completed, the battery cell is overcharged and the battery cell is overcharged, causing deterioration of the battery cell. .
そこで、本発明は、複数の電池セルに対して容量に応じた電力を効率よく充電することができるようにすることを目的とする。 Then, an object of this invention is to enable it to charge the electric power according to a capacity | capacitance efficiently with respect to a some battery cell.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る充電装置は、複数の電池セルが直列に接続され、過充電を保護する保護回路が設けられた電池パックを充電する充電装置であって、前記電池パックに対する充電電流値を検出する電流検出手段と、前記電流検出手段により検出された前記充電電流値が第1の設定値未満で、かつ前記第1の設定値より小さい第2の設定値以上である場合、満充電と判定して前記電池パックに対する充電を終了し、前記電流検出手段により検出された前記充電電流値が前記第2の設定値未満である場合、前記電池パックの前記保護回路が作動したと判定し、前記保護回路による過充電保護が解除された後、前記充電電流値を下げて前記電池パックに対して充電を制御する制御手段とを有することを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, a charging device according to the present invention is a charging device for charging a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and provided with a protection circuit for protecting overcharge. Current detection means for detecting a charge current value for the pack; and the charge current value detected by the current detection means is less than a first set value and greater than or equal to a second set value that is less than the first set value. In some cases, it is determined that the battery pack is fully charged, and charging of the battery pack is terminated. When the charging current value detected by the current detection means is less than the second set value, the protection circuit of the battery pack is It is determined that the battery pack is activated, and after the overcharge protection by the protection circuit is released, the battery pack includes control means for controlling the charging of the battery pack by reducing the charging current value.
本発明によれば、複数の電池セルに対して容量に応じた電力を効率よく充電することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electric power according to a capacity | capacitance can be efficiently charged with respect to a some battery cell.
以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態を説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図1は、実施形態1における充電装置100及び電池パック200が有する構成要素を説明するためのブロック図である。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining components included in the charging device 100 and the battery pack 200 according to the first embodiment.
図1に示すように、充電装置100は、AC入力部101と、AC/DCコンバータ102と、制御部103と、電流制御素子104と、電流検出素子105と、表示部106とを有する。電池パック200は、充電装置100に装着される。電池パック200は、充電装置100から取り外し可能である。AC入力部101、AC/DCコンバータ102、制御部103と、電流制御素子104、電流検出素子105及び表示部106の少なくとも一つは、ハードウェア構成を有する。 As illustrated in FIG. 1, the charging device 100 includes an AC input unit 101, an AC / DC converter 102, a control unit 103, a current control element 104, a current detection element 105, and a display unit 106. Battery pack 200 is attached to charging device 100. Battery pack 200 is removable from charging device 100. At least one of the AC input unit 101, the AC / DC converter 102, the control unit 103, the current control element 104, the current detection element 105, and the display unit 106 has a hardware configuration.
AC入力部101は、プラグ付きケーブルや直接プラグを介して商用電源のコンセントと接続され、充電装置100へ電力を供給する。AC/DCコンバータ102は、AC電圧を整流し充電に適したDC電圧へ変換する。 AC input unit 101 is connected to a commercial power outlet via a cable with a plug or a direct plug, and supplies power to charging device 100. The AC / DC converter 102 rectifies the AC voltage and converts it into a DC voltage suitable for charging.
制御部103は、電池パック200のサーミスタ205の温度、充電電圧及び充電電流を検出し、電池パック200に対する充電制御を行う。電流制御素子104は、トランジスタ、FET(Field Effect Transistor)等を使用して充電電流を制御する素子であり、制御部103によって制御される。 The control unit 103 detects the temperature, the charging voltage, and the charging current of the thermistor 205 of the battery pack 200 and performs charging control for the battery pack 200. The current control element 104 is an element that controls a charging current using a transistor, a field effect transistor (FET), or the like, and is controlled by the control unit 103.
電流検出素子105は、抵抗器等で構成され、抵抗両端の電圧差を制御部103が検出することにより充電電流が検出される。表示部106は、LED(Light Emitting Diode)等で構成され、電池パック200に対する充電状態を表示する。 The current detection element 105 includes a resistor or the like, and the charging current is detected when the control unit 103 detects a voltage difference between both ends of the resistor. The display part 106 is comprised by LED (Light Emitting Diode) etc., and displays the charge condition with respect to the battery pack 200. FIG.
電池パック200は、保護回路201と、複数の電池セル202及び203と、FET(Field Effect Transistor)204と、サーミスタ205とを有する。 The battery pack 200 includes a protection circuit 201, a plurality of battery cells 202 and 203, an FET (Field Effect Transistor) 204, and a thermistor 205.
保護回路201は、複数の電池セル202及び203の電圧や充放電電流を検出し、検出値が例えばセル当り所定の電圧値に達すると、充電電流を制御する電流制御素子104により充電電流を遮断して過充電保護を行う。 The protection circuit 201 detects the voltage and charging / discharging current of the plurality of battery cells 202 and 203. When the detected value reaches a predetermined voltage value per cell, for example, the current control element 104 that controls the charging current cuts off the charging current. Overcharge protection.
複数の電池セル202及び203は、リチウムイオン電池等の充放電可能な2次電池である。なお、図1では、2つの電池セル202及び203を直列に接続して電池パック200を構成しているが、3つ以上の電池セルを直列に接続して電池パック200を構成してもよい。 The plurality of battery cells 202 and 203 are rechargeable secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries. In FIG. 1, the battery pack 200 is configured by connecting two battery cells 202 and 203 in series, but the battery pack 200 may be configured by connecting three or more battery cells in series. .
FET204は、保護回路201の制御により充電や放電を遮断するためのスイッチ回路である。サーミスタ205は、複数の電池セル202及び203の温度を検出する。 The FET 204 is a switch circuit for cutting off charging and discharging under the control of the protection circuit 201. The thermistor 205 detects the temperature of the plurality of battery cells 202 and 203.
図2は、電池パック200に対する充電制御方法の一例を説明するためのフローチャートである。図2を用いて説明される処理は、充電装置100が有するメモリ等に記憶されたプログラムが制御部103によって実行されることによって制御される。 FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a charging control method for the battery pack 200. The processing described using FIG. 2 is controlled by the control unit 103 executing a program stored in a memory or the like included in the charging device 100.
図2において、ステップS101では、制御部103は、電池パック200のサーミスタ205の接続を検出すると、電池パック200が充電装置100に装着されたと判定してステップS102に進む。 In FIG. 2, when the control unit 103 detects the connection of the thermistor 205 of the battery pack 200 in step S <b> 101, the control unit 103 determines that the battery pack 200 is attached to the charging device 100, and proceeds to step S <b> 102.
ステップS102では、制御部103は、サーミスタ205の温度の検出結果に基づき温度条件、電池電圧条件に合わせた充電条件を決定し、決定した充電条件で電池パック200への充電を開始し、ステップS103に進む。 In step S102, the control unit 103 determines a charging condition in accordance with the temperature condition and the battery voltage condition based on the temperature detection result of the thermistor 205, and starts charging the battery pack 200 under the determined charging condition. Proceed to
ステップS103では、制御部103は、電流検出素子105の両端の電圧を測定して充電電流を検出し、ステップS104に進む。ここでの電流検出方法は、一定間隔のサンプリングにより常時充電電流を検出する方法が一般的であり、通常の充電特性による電流変化量に対してサンプリング間隔は十分に細かく設定される。 In step S103, the control unit 103 measures the voltage across the current detection element 105 to detect the charging current, and proceeds to step S104. The current detection method here is generally a method in which the charging current is always detected by sampling at a constant interval, and the sampling interval is set sufficiently fine with respect to the amount of current change due to normal charging characteristics.
ステップS104では、制御部103は、ステップS103で検出した充電電流の電流値が第1の設定値未満か否かを判定する。ステップS103で検出した充電電流の電流値が第1の設定値未満である場合(ステップS104でYES)、制御部103は、ステップS105へ進む。ステップS103で検出した充電電流の電流値が第1の設定値以上である場合(ステップS104でNO)、制御部103は、ステップS103へ戻る。 In step S104, the control unit 103 determines whether or not the current value of the charging current detected in step S103 is less than the first set value. If the current value of the charging current detected in step S103 is less than the first set value (YES in step S104), the control unit 103 proceeds to step S105. If the current value of the charging current detected in step S103 is greater than or equal to the first set value (NO in step S104), the control unit 103 returns to step S103.
ステップS105では、制御部103は、ステップS103で検出した充電電流の電流値が第1の設定値より小さい第2の設定値未満か否かを判定する。ステップS103で検出した充電電流の電流値が第2の設定値未満である場合(ステップS105でYES)は、制御部103は、ステップS106で電池パック200の保護回路201による過充電保護が行われていると判定し、ステップS108に進む。ステップS103で検出した充電電流の電流値が第2の設定値以上である場合(ステップS105でNO)、制御部103は、ステップS107で満充電と判定して充電処理を終了する。 In step S105, the control unit 103 determines whether the current value of the charging current detected in step S103 is less than a second set value that is smaller than the first set value. When the current value of the charging current detected in step S103 is less than the second set value (YES in step S105), the control unit 103 performs overcharge protection by the protection circuit 201 of the battery pack 200 in step S106. And the process proceeds to step S108. When the current value of the charging current detected in step S103 is greater than or equal to the second set value (NO in step S105), the control unit 103 determines that the battery is fully charged in step S107 and ends the charging process.
ステップS108では、制御部103は、電池パック200の保護回路201による過充電保護が解除されて充電可能な状態となるまで所定時間待機し、ステップS109に進む。保護回路201による過充電保護を解除する方法としては、所定時間の待機に代えて短時間放電を行う方法でもよい。 In step S108, the control unit 103 waits for a predetermined time until the overcharge protection by the protection circuit 201 of the battery pack 200 is canceled and the battery pack 200 is in a chargeable state, and the process proceeds to step S109. As a method of canceling the overcharge protection by the protection circuit 201, a method of discharging for a short time instead of waiting for a predetermined time may be used.
ステップS109では、制御部103は、電流制御素子104を制御してステップS102で決定した充電条件より充電電流値を下げて電池パック200に対して充電を行い、ステップS110に進む。 In step S109, the control unit 103 controls the current control element 104 to lower the charging current value from the charging condition determined in step S102 and charges the battery pack 200, and proceeds to step S110.
ステップS110では、制御部103は、電流検出素子105の両端の電圧を測定して充電電流を検出し、ステップS111に進む。 In step S110, the control unit 103 detects the charging current by measuring the voltage across the current detection element 105, and proceeds to step S111.
ステップS111では、制御部103は、ステップS110で検出した充電電流の電流値が第1の設定値未満であるか否かを判定する。ステップS110で検出した充電電流の電流値が第1の設定値未満である場合(ステップS111でYES)、制御部103は、充電処理を終了する。ステップS110で検出した充電電流の電流値が第1の設定値以上である場合(ステップS111でNO)、制御部103は、ステップS110へ戻り、電池パック200に対して充電電流値を下げた充電を複数回繰り返す。 In step S111, the control unit 103 determines whether or not the current value of the charging current detected in step S110 is less than the first set value. When the current value of the charging current detected in step S110 is less than the first set value (YES in step S111), the control unit 103 ends the charging process. When the current value of the charging current detected in step S110 is greater than or equal to the first set value (NO in step S111), the control unit 103 returns to step S110 and performs charging with a reduced charging current value for the battery pack 200. Repeat several times.
図3(a)は、電池パック200に対して一般的な定電流定電圧充電を行い、充電電流が満充電検出電流値を下回った時点で満充電と判定して充電を終了している充電装置の充電特性の一例を説明するための図である。図3(b)は、充電途中に電池パック200の保護回路が作動し充電を終了している充電装置の充電特性の一例を説明するための図である。図3(c)は、充電途中に電池パック200の保護回路が作動した場合に、制御部が過充電保護が働いたと判定し、充電電流を下げて充電を行っている実施形態1の充電装置の充電特性の一例を説明するための図である。 FIG. 3 (a) shows a case where the battery pack 200 is subjected to a general constant-current / constant-voltage charge, and when the charge current falls below the full charge detection current value, the charge is determined to be full and the charge is finished. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the charge characteristic of an apparatus. FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining an example of the charging characteristics of the charging device in which the protection circuit of the battery pack 200 is activated during the charging to end the charging. FIG. 3C illustrates the charging apparatus according to the first embodiment in which when the protection circuit of the battery pack 200 is activated during charging, the control unit determines that overcharge protection has been activated and performs charging by reducing the charging current. It is a figure for demonstrating an example of the charge characteristic.
以上説明したように、実施形態1では、電池パック200の過充電の保護回路201が作動したのか、正常に満充電が行われたのかを判別し、判別結果に応じて充電制御を行っている。これにより、複数の電池セル202及び203に対して容量に応じた電力を効率よく充電することができる。 As described above, in the first embodiment, it is determined whether the overcharge protection circuit 201 of the battery pack 200 is operated or the full charge is normally performed, and the charge control is performed according to the determination result. . Thereby, the electric power according to a capacity | capacitance can be efficiently charged with respect to the some battery cells 202 and 203. FIG.
なお、本発明は、実施形態1に例示したものに限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において適宜変更可能である。 In addition, this invention is not limited to what was illustrated in Embodiment 1, In the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention, it can change suitably.
例えば、実施形態1では、図2のステップS111で充電電流値が第1の設定値未満である場合は、充電処理を終了しているが、これに限定されない。例えば、図2のステップS111において充電電流値が再度第2の設定値未満となって保護回路201による過充電保護が行われていると判定される場合は、満充電と判定して充電処理を終了するようにしてもよい。 For example, in the first embodiment, when the charging current value is less than the first set value in step S111 of FIG. 2, the charging process is terminated, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, if it is determined in step S111 in FIG. 2 that the charging current value is again less than the second set value and the overcharge protection by the protection circuit 201 is performed, it is determined that the battery is fully charged and the charging process is performed. You may make it complete | finish.
また、本発明は、以下の処理を実行することによっても実現される。即ち、上述した実施形態の機能を実現するソフトウェア(プログラム)を、ネットワーク又は各種記憶媒体を介してシステム或いは装置に供給し、そのシステム或いは装置のコンピュータ(またはCPUやMPU等)がプログラムを読み出して実行する処理である。ネットワーク又は各種記憶媒体を介して取得したソフトウェア(プログラム)をパーソナルコンピュータ(CPU,プロセッサ)にて実行することでも実現できる。 The present invention can also be realized by executing the following processing. That is, software (program) that realizes the functions of the above-described embodiments is supplied to a system or apparatus via a network or various storage media, and a computer (or CPU, MPU, or the like) of the system or apparatus reads the program. It is a process to be executed. It can also be realized by executing software (program) acquired via a network or various storage media on a personal computer (CPU, processor).
100 充電装置
103 制御部
104 電流制御素子
105 電流検出素子
200 電池パック
201 保護回路
202,203 電池セル
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Charging apparatus 103 Control part 104 Current control element 105 Current detection element 200 Battery pack 201 Protection circuit 202,203 Battery cell
Claims (7)
前記電池パックに対する充電電流値を検出する電流検出手段と、
前記電流検出手段により検出された前記充電電流値が第1の設定値未満で、かつ前記第1の設定値より小さい第2の設定値以上である場合、満充電と判定して前記電池パックに対する充電を終了し、前記電流検出手段により検出された前記充電電流値が前記第2の設定値未満である場合、前記電池パックの前記保護回路が作動したと判定し、前記保護回路による過充電保護が解除された後、前記充電電流値を下げて前記電池パックに対して充電を制御する制御手段と
を有することを特徴とする充電装置。 A charging device for charging a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and provided with a protection circuit for protecting overcharge,
Current detecting means for detecting a charging current value for the battery pack;
When the charging current value detected by the current detection means is less than a first set value and greater than or equal to a second set value that is less than the first set value, it is determined that the battery pack is fully charged. When charging is finished and the charging current value detected by the current detection means is less than the second set value, it is determined that the protection circuit of the battery pack has been activated, and overcharge protection is provided by the protection circuit. And a control means for controlling the charging of the battery pack by lowering the charging current value after the battery is released.
前記電池パックに対する充電電流値を検出する電流検出ステップと、
前記電流検出ステップで検出された前記充電電流値が第1の設定値未満で、かつ前記第1の設定値より小さい第2の設定値以上である場合、満充電と判定して前記電池パックに対する充電を終了し、前記電流検出ステップで検出された前記充電電流値が前記第2の設定値未満である場合、前記電池パックの前記保護回路が作動したと判定し、前記保護回路による過充電保護が解除された後、前記充電電流値を下げて前記電池パックに対して充電を制御する制御ステップと
を有することを特徴とする制御方法。 A control method of a charging device for charging a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and provided with a protection circuit for protecting overcharge,
A current detecting step for detecting a charging current value for the battery pack;
When the charge current value detected in the current detection step is less than a first set value and greater than or equal to a second set value that is less than the first set value, it is determined that the battery pack is fully charged. When charging is terminated and the charging current value detected in the current detection step is less than the second set value, it is determined that the protection circuit of the battery pack has been activated, and overcharge protection is provided by the protection circuit. And a control step of controlling charging of the battery pack by lowering the charging current value after release of the battery.
前記電池パックに対する充電電流値を検出する電流検出ステップと、
前記電流検出ステップで検出された前記充電電流値が第1の設定値未満で、かつ前記第1の設定値より小さい第2の設定値以上である場合、満充電と判定して前記電池パックに対する充電を終了し、前記電流検出ステップで検出された前記充電電流値が前記第2の設定値未満である場合、前記電池パックの前記保護回路が作動したと判定し、前記保護回路による過充電保護が解除された後、前記充電電流値を下げて前記電池パックに対して充電を制御する制御ステップと
をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。 A program for controlling a charging device for charging a battery pack in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and provided with a protection circuit for protecting overcharge,
A current detecting step for detecting a charging current value for the battery pack;
When the charge current value detected in the current detection step is less than a first set value and greater than or equal to a second set value that is less than the first set value, it is determined that the battery pack is fully charged. When charging is terminated and the charging current value detected in the current detection step is less than the second set value, it is determined that the protection circuit of the battery pack has been activated, and overcharge protection is provided by the protection circuit. A program for causing a computer to execute a control step of controlling charging of the battery pack by lowering the charging current value after release of the charging.
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