JP2016125777A - Boiler system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a boiler system 1 in which a target pressure value P1 of a first group 2A of boilers is set high and a target pressure value P2 of a second group 2B of boilers is set low and each of them is individually controlled to the target pressure value, respectively, and the second group 2B of boilers assured a combustion amount equal to or more than the prescribed value without being related to applied amount of steam.SOLUTION: The first group 2A of boilers is PI controlled or PID controlled for a combustion state in such a way that a header pressure value PV coincides with the pre-set first target pressure value P1, the second group 2B of boilers outputs the first steam amount V1 when a requisite steam amount MV calculated by either PI algorithm or PID algorithm in such a way that the header pressure value PV coincides with the pre-set second target pressure value P2 is lower than the pre-set first steam amount V1, and outputs the requisite steam amount MV when the requisite amount of steam MV becomes equal to or more than the first steam amount V1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  In the present invention, the first boiler group having one or more boilers whose combustion rate is determined so that the steam pressure value becomes a preset target pressure value, and the steam pressure value is set in the first boiler group. A boiler in which a plurality of boiler groups are mixed, including a second boiler group having one or more boilers that do not belong to the first boiler group and whose combustion rate is determined to be a target pressure value different from the target pressure value About the system.

  In a boiler system that collects steam generated in a boiler group consisting of multiple boilers in a steam header and supplies steam to the load equipment from this steam header, the boiler group is roughly divided into two types, and these are controlled in number Boiler systems are known. For example, Patent Document 1 broadly classifies an eco-operation boiler group that burns a boiler group at a combustion rate that increases boiler efficiency, and a load-following boiler group that burns by changing the combustion rate according to a change in required load. It is described to do.

Although not described in Patent Document 1, there are two types of boiler groups, and both boiler groups have steam pressure values inside the steam header (hereinafter also referred to as “header pressure values”) in advance. If the target pressure is controlled individually so that the set target pressure value is reached, if the target pressure value of both boiler groups is the same, the load tracking operation will be performed on both sides. Is likely to become unstable.
For this reason, when the two types of boiler groups are individually controlled by the target pressure value, usually one of the boiler groups is mainly burned (hereinafter also referred to as “first boiler group”), and the other one is In general, the boiler group is sub-burned so as to make up for the shortage (hereinafter also referred to as “second boiler group”).

For this reason, for example, when the target pressure value of the first boiler group is set high and the target pressure value of the second boiler group is set low, the header pressure value of the first boiler group is reduced when the overall load is low. It stabilizes near the target pressure value. In this case, also in the second boiler group, the header pressure value is stabilized in the vicinity of the target pressure value of the first boiler group.
Then, since the header pressure value of the second boiler group greatly exceeds the target pressure value set in advance in itself, the combustion amount of the second boiler group is basically zero.

JP 2014-98529 A

In this case, load imbalance occurs between the boiler systems. As a result, for example, when the total load is low and the first boiler group can cover the entire required amount, the boilers of the second boiler group may stop burning and may stand by for all units. If it does so, the fear of boiler can body corrosion by low load will arise. Moreover, since the load bias is too large between the boiler groups, there is a problem of non-uniform boiler load.
For this reason, even when the target pressure value of the first boiler group is set high and the target pressure value of the second boiler group is set low, it is desirable that the boilers of the second boiler group are burned to some extent.

  The present invention includes a boiler group including a first boiler group including one or more boilers and a second boiler group including one or more boilers, and sets a target pressure value of the first boiler group high, In the boiler system in which the target pressure value of the two boiler group is set low, the boiler of the second boiler group is made easy to burn, the load unevenness among the boiler groups is corrected, and the entire load is in the high load band. In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a boiler system that can maintain the header pressure value to be the target pressure value of the first boiler group.

  The present invention relates to a first boiler group composed of one or more boilers, a second boiler group composed of one or more boilers, a boiler group composed of steam, and a steam header for collecting steam generated in the boiler group. A steam pressure measuring means for measuring a header pressure value, which is a steam pressure inside the steam header, and combustion of the first boiler group so that the header pressure value coincides with a preset first target pressure value. A boiler system comprising: a first control unit that performs PI control or PID control of a state; and a second control unit that controls a combustion state of the second boiler group, wherein the second control unit is configured to measure the vapor pressure. The required steam volume is determined by the PI algorithm or the PID algorithm so that the header pressure value measured by the means matches a preset second target pressure value that is smaller than the first target pressure value. When the required steam amount calculated by the required steam amount calculating unit and the required steam amount calculating unit are less than a preset first steam amount, the first steam amount is output, and the required steam amount is An output control part which controls the combustion state of the 2nd boiler group so that the amount of required steam may be outputted when it becomes more than the 1st steam quantity, relates to a boiler system provided with.

  The output control unit can burn a preset number of boilers in the second boiler group at a preset fixed combustion rate when outputting the first steam amount.

  In addition, the fixed combustion rate may be a combustion rate with the highest combustion efficiency of the boiler to be burned (hereinafter also referred to as “eco-operating point”).

  Further, the fixed combustion rate can be a minimum combustion rate of the boiler to be burned.

  According to the boiler system of the present invention, the boiler system includes a first boiler group composed of one or more boilers and a second boiler group composed of one or more boilers, and the target pressure value of the first boiler group is determined. In the boiler system in which the target pressure value of the second boiler group is set high and the target pressure value of the second boiler group is set low, even if the overall load is low, the second boiler group can be burned by a certain amount. In addition to correcting the uniformity, even if the overall load is low and the first boiler group can cover the total required amount, the boilers in the second boiler group do not stand by all units and prevent boiler can body corrosion due to low loads. In addition, the load non-uniformity among the boiler groups can be improved.

It is a figure showing the outline of boiler system 1 concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the outline of a boiler group. It is a functional block diagram which shows the structure of the 2nd control part 4B. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the boiler system 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the boiler system 1 which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows transition of the amount of generated steam in a 1st boiler group and a 2nd boiler group in the case of implementing the conventional number control. It is a figure which shows transition of the amount of generated steam in a 1st boiler group and a 2nd boiler group when the number control which concerns on 1st Embodiment is implemented.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, with reference to drawings, boiler system 1 concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention is explained. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a boiler system 1.

  The boiler system 1 includes a boiler group 2 including a first boiler group 2A including three continuous control boilers 20A and a second boiler group 2B including two continuous control boilers 20B, and a plurality of continuous control boilers 20A and 20B. Controls the combustion state of the first boiler group 2A, the steam header 6 that collects the steam generated in step 1, the steam pressure sensor 7 that measures the pressure inside the steam header 6 (hereinafter also referred to as "header pressure"), and the like. A number control device 3A having a first control unit 4A and a number control device 3B having a second control unit 4B for controlling the combustion state of the second boiler group 2B are provided. Hereinafter, the steam pressure value inside the steam header 6 measured by the steam pressure sensor 7 is also referred to as “header pressure value PV”.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the continuous control boilers 20A and 20B respectively include boiler bodies 21A and 21B in which combustion is performed, and local control units 22A and 22B that control the combustion state of the continuous control boilers 20A and 20B. .

The boiler group 2 generates steam to be supplied to the steam use facility 18.
The steam header 6 is connected to a plurality of continuous control boilers 20 </ b> A and 20 </ b> B constituting the boiler group 2 via a steam pipe 11. A downstream side of the steam header 6 is connected to a steam use facility 18 via a steam pipe 12.
The steam header 6 collects and stores the steam generated in the boiler group 2, thereby adjusting the pressure difference and pressure fluctuation between the plurality of continuous control boilers 20 </ b> A and 20 </ b> B. Supply to use equipment 18.

  The vapor pressure sensor 7 is electrically connected to the number control devices 3A and 3B through the signal line 13, respectively. The vapor pressure sensor 7 measures the header pressure, and transmits a signal (vapor pressure signal) related to the measured header pressure value PV to the number control devices 3A and 3B via the signal line 13, respectively.

  The number control devices 3A and 3B are electrically connected to a plurality of continuous control boilers 20A and 20B via signal lines 16A and 16B, respectively. The number control devices 3A and 3B control the combustion state of the continuous control boilers 20A and 20B based on the header pressure value PV measured by the vapor pressure sensor 7, respectively.

  The above boiler system 1 can supply the steam generated in the first boiler group 2 </ b> A and the second boiler group 2 </ b> B to the steam use facility 18 via the steam header 6.

  Specifically, if the required load (steam consumption) increases due to an increase in demand for the steam use facility 18, and the amount of steam supplied to the steam header 6 is insufficient, the header pressure decreases. On the other hand, if the demand load (steam consumption) decreases due to a decrease in demand for the steam use facility 18 and the amount of steam supplied to the steam header 6 becomes excessive, the header pressure increases. Therefore, the boiler system 1 can monitor the fluctuation of the required load based on the fluctuation of the header pressure value PV measured by the vapor pressure sensor 7. Then, the boiler system 1 calculates a necessary steam amount MV that is a steam amount required according to the consumed steam amount (required load) of the steam using facility 18 based on the header pressure value PV.

Here, the several boilers 20A and 20B which comprise the boiler system 1 of 1st Embodiment are demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating the boiler group 2 according to the first embodiment.
The boilers 20A and 20B of the first embodiment are continuous control boilers that can be combusted by continuously changing the load factor.
The continuous control boiler is a boiler in which the combustion amount can be continuously controlled at least in the range from the minimum combustion state S1 (for example, the combustion state at 20% of the maximum combustion amount) to the maximum combustion state S2. It is. The continuous control boiler adjusts the amount of combustion by, for example, controlling the opening degree (combustion ratio) of a valve that supplies fuel to the burner and a valve that supplies combustion air.

  Further, the continuous control of the combustion amount means that the computations and signals in the local control units 22A and 22B are digitally handled in stages (for example, the output (combustion amount) of the boilers 20A and 20B is 1%). Even when the output can be controlled in a continuous manner.

The change of the combustion state between the combustion stop state S0 and the minimum combustion state S1 in the boilers 20A and 20B in the first embodiment is controlled by turning on / off the combustion of the boilers 20A and 20B (burner), respectively. The In the range from the minimum combustion state S1 to the maximum combustion state S2, the combustion amount can be controlled continuously.
More specifically, a unit steam amount U, which is a unit of variable steam amount, is set in each of the boilers 20A and 20B. Thus, the boilers 20A and 20B can change the steam amount in units of the unit steam amount U in the range from the minimum combustion state S1 to the maximum combustion state S2.

The unit steam amount U can be appropriately set according to the steam amount (maximum steam amount) in the maximum combustion state S2 of the boilers 20A and 20B. From the viewpoint of improving the followability of the output steam amount to the necessary steam amount in the boiler system 1. The maximum steam amount of the boiler 20 is preferably set to 0.1% to 20%, more preferably 1% to 10%.
The output steam amount indicates the steam amount output by the first boiler group 2A and the second boiler group 2B, and this output steam amount is a total value of the steam amounts output from the plurality of boilers 20A and 20B. Is represented by

  Moreover, in 1st Embodiment, the eco-operation point which is a load factor with which boiler efficiency becomes the highest is set to the several boilers 20A and 20B.

Moreover, the priority order is set to each of the boilers 20A and 20B. The priority order is used for the number control devices 3A and 3B to select the boilers 20A and 20B that give the combustion instruction and the combustion stop instruction, respectively. The priority order can be set, for example, using an integer value so that the lower the numerical value, the higher the priority order.
As shown in FIG. 2, for example, when the priority order of “1” to “3” is assigned to each of the No. 1 to No. 3 machines of the boiler 20A of the first boiler group 2A, the No. 1 priority order is the highest. High and Unit 3 has the lowest priority. In the normal case, this priority is changed at predetermined time intervals (for example, 24 hour intervals) under the control of the first control unit 4A described later.
Similarly, when priority of “1” and “2” is assigned to each of No. 4 and No. 5 of the boiler 20B of the second boiler group 2B, No. 4 has the highest priority and No. 5 has priority. The ranking is the lowest. In the normal case, this priority order is changed at predetermined time intervals (for example, 24 hour intervals) under the control of the second control unit 4B described later.

As described above, the continuous control boilers 20A and 20B include boiler bodies 21A and 21B in which combustion is performed, and local control units 22A and 22B that control the combustion state of the boilers 20A and 20B, respectively.
The local control units 22A and 22B change the combustion state of the boilers 20A and 20B according to the steam consumption. Specifically, the local control units 22A and 22B are based on control signals transmitted from the number control devices 3A and 3B via the signal lines 16A and 16B, respectively, or control signals input by a driver's manual operation, respectively. The combustion state of the boilers 20A and 20B is controlled. Further, the local control units 22A and 22B transmit signals used in the number control device 3 to the number control devices 3A and 3B, respectively, via the signal lines 16A and 16B. Examples of signals used in the number control devices 3A and 3B include actual combustion states of the boilers 20A and 20B, other data, and the like.

  In the boiler system 1 configured as described above, the steam generated in the first boiler group 2A and the second boiler group 2B is supplied to the steam using facility 18 via the steam header 6.

Next, details of the number control devices 3A and 3B will be described.
The number control devices 3A and 3B calculate the combustion state of the boilers 20A and 20B according to the required load based on the steam pressure signal from the steam pressure sensor 7, and the boilers 20A and 20B (local control units 22A and 22B). ) To send the unit control signal. As shown in FIG. 1, the number control devices 3A and 3B include a first storage unit 5A and a second storage unit 5B, a first control unit 4A and a second control unit 4B, respectively, and signal lines 16A and 16B, respectively. Are electrically connected to the boilers 20A and 20B.

The first control unit 4A and the second control unit 4B transmit various instructions to the boilers 20A and 20B via the signal lines 16A and 16B, respectively, and receive various data from the boilers 20A and 20B, respectively. Then, control of the combustion state and the number of operating units of the boilers 20A and 20B is executed. When each boiler 20A and 20B receives a signal for changing the combustion state from the number control devices 3A and 3B, the boilers 20A and 20B control the combustion amount of the corresponding boilers 20A and 20B according to the instruction. The first control unit 4A and the second control unit 4B receive information related to the combustion states of the boilers 20A and 20B via the signal lines 16A and 16B, respectively.
Detailed configurations of the first control unit 4A and the second control unit 4B will be described later.

The first storage unit 5A is controlled by the number control device 3A (first control unit 4A), the contents of instructions given to the boiler 20A, information such as the combustion state received from each boiler 20A, and each boiler. Information related to the setting of the unit steam amount U of 20A, information related to the setting of the priority order of the plurality of boilers 20A, setting information related to the change (rotation) of the priority order, and the like are stored.
In the first storage unit 5A, a first target pressure value P1 related to the combustion control of the first boiler group 2A may be set in advance as a setting condition related to the header pressure value PV measured by the vapor pressure sensor 7. it can.

Similarly to the first storage unit 5A, the second storage unit 5B receives the contents of instructions given to the boiler 20B and the boilers 20B under the control of the number control device 3B (first control unit 4B). The information on the combustion state and the like, the information on the setting of the unit steam amount U of each boiler 20B, the information on the setting of the priority order of the plurality of boilers 20B, the setting information on the change (rotation) of the priority order, etc. are stored.
Further, in the second storage unit 5B, a second target pressure value P2 related to the combustion control of the second boiler group 2B may be set in advance as a setting condition related to the header pressure value PV measured by the vapor pressure sensor 7. it can.
Furthermore, in the second storage unit 5B, a fixed amount of steam corresponding to the base load is set in advance in the second boiler group 2B, and a fixed amount of steam is output for each boiler 20B of the second boiler group 2B. The combustion rate and the number of boilers can be set in advance.
By doing so, as described below, the output control section 41A of the second boiler group 2B, by comparing the required amount of steam MV _n to the first steam quantity V1 is calculated based on the header pressure value PV, need Based on the steam amount MV _n , the number of boilers set in advance in the second boiler group 2B is preset so as to control the combustion state of the second boiler group 2B or output the first steam amount V1. It can be determined whether to burn at a fixed combustion rate.

Next, detailed configurations of the first control unit 4A and the second control unit 4B will be described.
First, the first control unit 4A will be described.

The first control unit 4A calculates a control amount such that the pressure value (header pressure value) of the steam generated from the first boiler group 2A becomes the first target pressure value P1 set in advance. Based on this, the combustion amount of the boiler 20A constituting the first boiler group 2A is controlled.
That is, the first control unit 4A determines a predetermined PI algorithm or PID algorithm for the deviation between the header pressure value PV and the first target pressure value P1 of the first boiler group 2A set in the first storage unit 5A in advance. by performing the feedback control based on, it calculates the amount of steam MV _n required for header pressure value PV is a first target pressure value P1, a first boiler group 2A to generate the calculated amount of steam MV _n Is controlled.

Here, feedback control based on the PID algorithm of the first controller 4A will be briefly described.
The first control unit 4A sets the current pressure so that the deviation between the header pressure value PV (feedback value) measured by the vapor pressure sensor 7 and the first target pressure value P1 (set value) set in advance becomes zero. The required steam amount MV _n is calculated by the speed type PID algorithm shown below. Note that the speed type PI algorithm is obtained by omitting the D control output (change) in the speed type PID algorithm, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The first control unit 4A is a necessary steam amount MV _n at the present time to be generated from a plurality of boiler 20A, is calculated by the velocity-type calculation formula (Equation 1).
MV _n = MV _n-1 + ΔMV _n (Equation 1)
In (Expression 1), MV _n : current required steam volume (current required steam volume), MV _n-1 : required steam volume at the previous control cycle (previous steam volume), ΔMV _n : from the previous time to this time This is the required amount of steam change. Here, the subscript n indicates the number of iterations (the nth: a positive integer value of n = 1, 2,..., N).
The speed type calculation calculates only the necessary steam amount change ΔMV _n from the previous time to the current time every control cycle, and adds the previous required steam amount MV _n−1 to this to calculate the current required steam amount MV _n . Is the method.
On the other hand, the PID control algorithm that directly calculates the required steam amount MV _n this time for each control cycle is referred to as position type calculation.

The required amount of steam change ΔMV _n from the previous time to the current time is calculated by the following (Formula 2).
ΔMV _n = ΔP _n + ΔI _n + ΔD _n ... (Formula 2)
In (Expression 2), ΔP _n : P control output (change), ΔI _n : I control output (change),
ΔD _n : D control output (change), which is obtained by the following (Equation 3) to (Equation 5), respectively.
_{ΔP n = K P × (e} n -e n-1) ········· ( Equation 3)
ΔI _n = K _P × (Δt / T _I ) × e _n ...
_{ΔD n = K P × (T} D / Δt) × (e n -2e n-1 + e n-2) ··· ( Equation 5)
In (Expression 3) to (Expression 5), Δt: control period, K _P : proportional gain, T _I : integration time, T _D : differentiation time, e _n : current deviation amount, e _n-1 : previous control Deviation amount at the time of the cycle,
e _n-2 : Deviation amount at the previous control cycle.
Deviation e _n at the present time is, the first target pressure value P1, a difference between the header pressure value PV measured by the vapor pressure sensor 7, is determined by the following equation (6).
e _n = P1-PV (Equation 6)

The first control unit 4A sums the outputs (changes) calculated in (Equation 3), (Equation 4), and (Equation 5) according to (Equation 2), so that the necessary steam from the previous time to this time is obtained. The amount of change ΔMV _n is calculated.
Then, the first control unit 4A can calculate the present required steam amount MV _n by adding the required steam amount change ΔMV _n to the previous required steam amount MV _n−1 as in (Equation 1). .
By doing so, the first control unit 4A calculates the steam amount necessary for the header pressure value PV to become the first target pressure value P1, and sets the first boiler group 2A so as to generate the calculated steam amount. The boiler 20A to be configured is controlled.
The first control unit 4A that controls the first boiler group 2A including the continuous control boiler 20A has been described above.

Next, the second control unit 4B will be described.
As shown in FIG. 3, the second control unit 4B includes a necessary steam amount calculation unit 41B and an output control unit 42B.

The necessary steam amount calculation unit 41B applies a predetermined PI algorithm or PID algorithm to the deviation between the header pressure value PV and the second target pressure value P2 of the second boiler group 2B set in the second storage unit 5B in advance. based header pressure value PV to calculate the required amount of steam MV _n needed to become a second target pressure value P2.
In addition, about the calculation method of the required steam amount by the PI algorithm or PID algorithm of the required steam amount calculation unit 41B, it is the same as the calculation method of the required steam amount by the PI algorithm or PID algorithm of the first control unit 4A described above. The description is omitted.

The output control unit 42B, when below a first steam quantity V1 that required steam amount MV _n calculated by necessary steam amount calculating section 41B is set in advance, so as to output a first steam quantity V1, second boiler group A preset number of boilers in 2B are burned at a preset fixed combustion rate.
Further, when the required steam amount MVn calculated by the required steam amount calculating unit 41B is _equal to or more than the preset first steam amount V1, the output control unit 42B requires the necessary steam calculated by the required steam amount calculating unit 41B. Control to output the quantity MV _n .
By doing so, even if the overall load is low, the second boiler group 2B can be burned by a certain amount, so that the boiler can body corrosion is prevented and the first boiler group 2A and the second boiler group 2B. It is possible to improve the load non-uniformity.

The fixed combustion rate is preferably set to the highest combustion rate of the combustion efficiency of the boiler 20B to be burned in the second boiler group 2B. Further, the fixed combustion rate can be set to the minimum combustion rate of the boiler 20B to be burned in the second boiler group 2B.
As described above, the fixed combustion rate is set for each boiler 20B of the second boiler group 2B so that the second boiler group 2B outputs the first steam amount V1 corresponding to the base load to the second storage unit 5B. It can be set in advance.

<Output steam amount control by output control unit 42B>
The second control unit 4B, when below a first steam quantity V1 to the base load required steam amount MV _n calculated is set in advance by the required steam amount calculating section 41B, the first steam quantity by the output control unit 42B V1 Is output at a preset fixed combustion rate in the second boiler group 2B.
Further, when the required steam amount MVn calculated by the required steam amount calculating unit 41B is _equal to or more than the first steam amount V1 that is a preset base load, the second control unit 4B is required by the output control unit 42B. Control is performed so as to output the required steam amount MV _n calculated by the steam amount calculation unit 41B.

When the load in the second boiler unit 2B is low by doing so (first steam quantity necessary steam amount MV _n calculated based on the header pressure value PV in the second boiler group 2B corresponds to preset base load Boilers can be fixedly burned at a fixed combustion rate corresponding to the first steam amount V1 set in advance, even in the case of less than V1). While preventing corrosion, the load nonuniformity in the 1st boiler group 2A and the 2nd boiler group 2B can be improved.

Conversely, when the overall load increases, the required load cannot be covered only by the first boiler group 2A, and the load in the second boiler group 2B becomes high (necessary steam calculated by the required steam amount calculation unit 41B) When the amount MV _n is equal to or greater than a predetermined steam amount corresponding to a preset base load), load follow-up is performed in all the boilers belonging to the second boiler group 2B including the fixed combustion boilers that burn at a fixed combustion rate. be able to.

Next, the flow of processing for realizing the operation of the boiler system 1 of the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. 4 and 5 are flowcharts showing the flow of processing of the first boiler group 2A and the second boiler group 2B, respectively.
First, the flow of processing in the first boiler group 2A will be described with reference to FIG.

  As a preparation for the process, the first target pressure value P1 is set for the first boiler group 2A and stored in a predetermined area of the first storage unit 5A (not shown).

  In step ST1, combustion control of the first boiler group 2A is started by the number control device 4A.

In step ST2, the combustion state of the first boiler group 2A is controlled by the first control unit 4A for each control cycle.
More specifically, for each control cycle, the first control unit 4A determines the deviation between the header pressure value PV and the first target pressure value P1 of the first boiler group 2A set in the first storage unit 5A in advance. Te, by performing feedback control based on a predetermined PI algorithm or PID algorithm calculates the amount of steam MV _n required for header pressure value PV is a first target pressure value P1, the calculated amount of steam MV _n The boiler 20A which comprises the 1st boiler group 2A is controlled so that it may generate | occur | produce.

  The first control unit 4A repeats step ST2 for each control cycle.

Next, the flow of processing in the second boiler group 2B will be described with reference to FIG.
As a pre-process preparation, a second target pressure value P2 is set for the second boiler group 2B and stored in the second storage unit 5B. In addition, a predetermined steam amount (first steam amount V1) corresponding to the base load is set in advance in the second boiler group 2B, and the first boiler amount 2B corresponding to the base load is output. The fixed combustion rate and the number of boilers for each boiler 20B are set and stored in the second storage unit 5B. In addition, about the relationship between the 1st steam volume V1 and a fixed combustion rate, the 1st steam volume V1 can be set so that it may generate | occur | produce not by burning all units | sets but burning an arbitrary number. . (The above is not shown).

  In step ST11, combustion control of the second boiler group 2B is started by the number control device 4B.

In step ST12, the second control unit 4B is whether below in each control cycle, the first steam quantity V1 to the base load required steam amount MV _n calculated is set in advance by the required steam amount calculating section 41B Determine. When the required steam amount MV _n is lower than the first steam amount V1 (Yes), the process proceeds to step ST13. When the required steam amount MVn is _equal to or greater than the first steam amount V1 (No), the process proceeds to step ST14.

  In step ST13, the output control unit 42B burns a preset number of boilers in the second boiler group 2B at a preset fixed combustion rate so as to output the first steam amount V1.

  Thereafter, the process proceeds to step ST12.

In step ST14, the second control unit 4B (necessary steam amount calculation unit 41B) sets the header pressure value PV and the second boiler previously set in the second storage unit 5B for each control cycle by the necessary steam amount calculation unit 41B. The header pressure value PV becomes the second target pressure value P2 by performing feedback control based on a predetermined PI algorithm or PID algorithm with respect to the deviation (P2-PV) from the second target pressure value P2 of the group 2B. Therefore, the necessary steam amount MV _n is calculated, and the second control unit 4B (output control unit 42B) controls the boiler 20B constituting the second boiler group 2B so as to generate the calculated necessary steam amount MV _n .

  Thereafter, the process proceeds to step ST12.

  Next, referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the target pressure value P1 of the first boiler group 2A is set high, the target pressure value P2 of the second boiler group 2B is set low, and a predetermined PI algorithm or PID is set. The operation when the number control according to the first embodiment is performed will be described while comparing with the case of performing feedback control based on an algorithm (hereinafter referred to as “conventional number control”).

Here, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the transition of the header pressure when the “conventional number control” is performed. On the other hand, FIG. 7 is a figure which shows transition of the header pressure at the time of implementing the unit control which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention.
Here, in both (B) to (D) of FIG. 6 and (B) to (D) of FIG. 7, the vertical axis represents the amount of steam and the horizontal axis represents time. Therefore, the steam generation amount of the first boiler group in FIGS. 6 and 7 is the sum of the steam generation amounts of the boilers included in the first boiler group. Moreover, MAX of the 1st boiler group generation | occurrence | production steam amount becomes the sum total of the maximum output steam amount of the boiler contained in a 1st boiler group. The same applies to the amount of steam generated in the second boiler group in FIGS. 6 and 7.

<Conventional unit control>
When the conventional unit number control is performed, as shown in FIG. 6, when the overall load is low (t _{0 to} t ₁ ), the first boiler group 2A has the header pressure value PV equal to the first target pressure value P1. Generate the required amount of steam. During this time, the second boiler group 2B is in a standby state for all units.
Thereafter, even if the increase in the overall load, until t _2, the first boiler group 2A is covered by the output steam of its amount of steam required for the header pressure value PV is a first target pressure value P1 be able to. During this time, the second boiler group 2B is in a stand-by state for all units.
Time t ₂ later, the header pressure value PV is the amount of steam required for the first target pressure value P1 is greater than the maximum amount of steam X can be output in the first boiler group 2A, although the header pressure drops, the header Until the pressure value PV becomes equal to or less than the threshold value P (t ₃ ), the second boiler group 2B is in a stand-by state.
t ₃ or later, still, because the amount used steam exceeds the maximum amount of steam X can be output in the first boiler group 2A, the first boiler group 2A outputs the maximum amount of steam X printable own, second The boiler group 2B compensates for the shortage of the used steam amount, calculates the steam amount necessary for the header pressure value PV to become the second target pressure value P2, and generates the calculated steam amount.
As described above, when the conventional number control is performed, the second boiler group 2B is in a standby state until the amount of steam used exceeds the maximum steam amount X that can be output from the first boiler group 2A.

<Number control according to the first embodiment>
On the other hand, when the number control according to the first embodiment is performed, as shown in FIG. 7, when the overall load is low (t _{0 to} t ₁ ), the first boiler group 2A has the header pressure value PV A steam amount necessary to maintain one target pressure value P1 is generated. On the other hand, in the second boiler group 2B, the required steam amount calculated by the required steam amount calculating unit 41B becomes zero and is lower than the preset first steam amount V1, and therefore the first steam amount V1 is set by the output control unit 42B. Output.
Thereafter, the entire load is increased, also the amount of used steam is increased, until t ₂ ~t _3, first boiler group 2A, the header pressure value PV is required to keep the first target pressure value P1 The amount of steam can be covered by its own output steam volume. For this reason, in the second boiler group 2B, the required steam amount calculated by the required steam amount calculating unit 41B is still zero and is lower than the preset first steam amount V1, and therefore the first steam amount is output by the output control unit 42B. V1 is output.
t ₂ later, the header pressure value PV steam amount required for the first target pressure value P1 is greater than the maximum amount of steam X can be output in the first boiler group 2A, although the header pressure value PV decreases the In the two-boiler group 2B, the required steam amount calculated by the required steam amount calculation unit 41B is set in advance to the time point (t ₃ ) when the header pressure value PV becomes a value close to the second target pressure value P2. Below the steam volume V1, the output controller 42B still outputs the first steam volume V1.
Thereafter, since the amount of steam used still exceeds the maximum steam amount X that can be output by the first boiler group 2A, the first boiler group 2A outputs the maximum steam amount X that can be output by itself, and the second boiler group 2B. The header pressure value PV is the second target pressure value P2 so as to compensate for the shortage of the used steam amount after the time when the necessary steam amount calculated by the required steam amount calculating unit 41B becomes equal to or greater than the first steam amount V1. The amount of steam required to become
In this way, when the number control according to the first embodiment is performed, the second boiler group 2B can be burned by a certain amount or more regardless of the amount of steam used.

According to the boiler system 1 of the first embodiment, for example, the following effects are produced.
In the boiler system 1 of the first embodiment, the first boiler group 2A is PI-controlled or PID-controlled in its combustion state so that the header pressure value PV matches the preset first target pressure value P1. . On the other hand, the second boiler group 2B uses the PI algorithm or the PID algorithm so that the header pressure value PV matches the preset second target pressure value P2 that is smaller than the first target pressure value P1. and the required steam amount calculation unit 41B for calculating an MV _n, based on the required amount of steam MV _n calculated by the required steam amount calculation unit 41A, an output control unit 42B for controlling the combustion state of the second boiler group 2B, the provided, the output control unit 42B, when below a first steam quantity V1 that required steam amount MV _n calculated by the required steam amount calculating section 41B is set in advance, so as to output a first steam quantity V1, second When a predetermined number of boilers in the boiler group 2B are burned at a preset fixed combustion rate and the required steam amount is equal to or higher than the first steam amount V1, the required steam amount MV _n is output. Similarly, the combustion state of the second boiler group 2B is controlled.

  Therefore, according to 1st Embodiment, since the combustion amount more than predetermined amount can be ensured with respect to the 2nd boiler group 2B irrespective of the amount of used steams, while preventing boiler can body corrosion, between boiler groups The load non-uniformity can be improved.

  Moreover, in the boiler system 1 of 1st Embodiment, the fixed combustion rate set beforehand can be made into the combustion rate (eco-operation point) with the highest combustion efficiency of the boiler 20B burned in the 2nd boiler group 2B.

  Therefore, according to the first embodiment, when the overall load is low, the second boiler group 2B can be burned efficiently.

  Moreover, in the boiler system 1 of 1st Embodiment, the preset fixed combustion rate can be made into the minimum combustion rate of the boiler 20B burned in the 2nd boiler group 2B.

  Therefore, according to 1st Embodiment, when the whole load rises and the 2nd boiler group 2B supplements the shortage of the output steam amount of the 1st boiler group 2A, the boiler system 1 excellent in load followability is provided. can do.

The preferred embodiment of the boiler system of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate.
For example, in the first embodiment, the present invention is applied to a boiler system 1 including a boiler group 2 including a first boiler group 2A including three boilers 20A and a second boiler group 2B including two boilers 20B. However, it is not limited to this. That is, the present invention may be applied to a boiler system including a first boiler group including four or more boilers 20 and applied to a boiler system including a first boiler group including one or two boilers. May be.
Similarly, the present invention may be applied to a boiler system including a second boiler group composed of three or more boilers 20 or applied to a boiler system including a second boiler group composed of one boiler. Also good.

  In the first embodiment, the continuous control boilers 20A and 20B are all set to the same boiler capacity, but the present invention is not limited to this. In other words, the present invention is also applicable when the continuous combustion boilers 20A and 20B have different combustion capacities as the minimum combustion amount, unit steam amount, and maximum combustion amount.

Further, in the first embodiment, as the PI (or PID) control algorithm for the first boiler group 2A and the second boiler group 2B, only the necessary steam amount change ΔMV _{n for} each control cycle is calculated, and the previous required steam is calculated. The PI or PID control by the speed type PI (or speed type PID) algorithm for calculating the required steam quantity MV _n this time is applied by adding the amount MV _n-1 , but the speed type PI (or position type PID) algorithm is applied. It is not limited. The required amount of steam MV _n time in each control cycle may be applied to PI or PID control by the position-type PI (or position-type PID) algorithm for direct computation.

  In the first embodiment, the change of the combustion state between the combustion stop state S0 and the minimum combustion state S1 in the boilers 20A and 20B is controlled by turning on / off the combustion of the boilers 20A and 20B, respectively. In the range from the minimum combustion state S1 to the maximum combustion state S2, it is configured by the continuous control boilers 20A and 20B capable of continuously controlling the combustion amount, but is not limited thereto. That is, the boiler may be configured by a continuous control boiler that can continuously control the combustion amount in the entire range from the combustion stop state to the maximum combustion state.

  In the first embodiment, the plurality of boilers 20A of the first boiler group 2A and the plurality of boilers 20B of the second boiler group 2B are respectively configured by continuous control boilers, but the first boiler group 2A and / or It is good also as comprising the 1st boiler group 2B by a step value control boiler. The stage value control boiler has a plurality of staged combustion positions, and controls the amount of combustion by selectively turning on / off combustion, adjusting the size of the flame, etc. It is a boiler that can increase or decrease the amount of combustion in stages according to the selected combustion position. As an example, the plurality of boilers 20A and 20B may be configured by a three-position boiler having three positions of a combustion stop position, a low combustion position, and a high combustion position. Of course, the boilers 20A and 20B are not limited to three positions, and may have arbitrary N positions of combustion positions.

  Moreover, when comprised by a stage value control boiler, it is good also as a thing which changes the boiler capacity | capacitance, the stage number N of a combustion position, the combustion rate in each combustion position, etc. for every stage value boiler.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Boiler system 2 Boiler group 2A 1st boiler group 2B 2nd boiler group 20 Boiler 20A Continuous control boiler 20B Continuous control boiler 3A Number control apparatus 4A 1st control part 5A 1st memory | storage part 3B Number control apparatus 4B 2nd control part 41B Necessary steam amount calculation unit 42B Output control unit 5B Second storage unit 6 Steam header (steam collecting unit)
7 Vapor pressure sensor (Vapor pressure measuring means)
18 Steam use facilities (load equipment)

Claims (4)

A boiler group consisting of a first boiler group consisting of one or more boilers and a second boiler group consisting of one or more boilers;
A steam header for collecting steam generated in the boiler group;
Vapor pressure measuring means for measuring a header pressure value which is a vapor pressure inside the vapor header;
A first control unit that performs PI control or PID control on a combustion state of the first boiler group so that the header pressure value matches a preset first target pressure value;
A second control unit for controlling the combustion state of the second boiler group;
A boiler system comprising:
The second controller is
The required steam volume by the PI algorithm or PID algorithm so that the header pressure value measured by the steam pressure measuring means matches a preset second target pressure value that is smaller than the first target pressure value. A required steam amount calculation unit for calculating
When the required steam amount calculated by the required steam amount calculation unit is less than a preset first steam amount, the first steam amount is output, and when the required steam amount is equal to or greater than the first steam amount, A boiler system comprising: an output control unit that controls a combustion state of the second boiler group so as to output the necessary steam amount.   The boiler system according to claim 1, wherein the output control unit burns a preset number of boilers in the second boiler group at a preset fixed combustion rate when outputting the first steam amount.   The boiler system according to claim 2, wherein the fixed combustion rate is a combustion rate with the highest combustion efficiency of the boiler to be burned.   The boiler system according to claim 2, wherein the fixed combustion rate is a minimum combustion rate of the boiler to be burned.

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