JP2016125422A - Combustion chamber structure of direct injection type engine - Google Patents

Combustion chamber structure of direct injection type engine Download PDF

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JP2016125422A
JP2016125422A JP2015000229A JP2015000229A JP2016125422A JP 2016125422 A JP2016125422 A JP 2016125422A JP 2015000229 A JP2015000229 A JP 2015000229A JP 2015000229 A JP2015000229 A JP 2015000229A JP 2016125422 A JP2016125422 A JP 2016125422A
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wall portion
combustion chamber
bottom wall
center
piston
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飯島　章
Akira Iijima
章 飯島
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combustion chamber structure of a direct injection type engine capable of sufficiently effectively using the air of a cylinder central portion, and further reducing smoke.SOLUTION: A cross-sectional wall shape of a combustion chamber recessed at a top center of a piston, includes an upper guide wall portion 6 projecting toward the piston center, a lower guide wall portion 7 formed by a circular arc-shaped curve defining a side wall lower portion and a bottom wall outer peripheral portion of the combustion chamber, a central bottom wall portion 8 formed on the center of the combustion chamber and raised upward, and an intermediate bottom wall portion 9 formed between the lower guide wall portion 7 and the central bottom wall portion 8, and formed by a relaxation curve smoothly connected to the lower guide wall portion 7. The central bottom wall portion 8 is formed by the circular arc-shaped curve so that it is kept into contact to the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 but a radius of curvature is suddenly changed to separate jet flow from the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 upward.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、ピストン頂面に凹状の燃焼室が形成された直噴式エンジンの燃焼室構造に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a combustion chamber structure of a direct injection engine in which a concave combustion chamber is formed on a piston top surface.

図４、図５（ａ）に示すように、直噴式ディーゼルエンジンのピストン２０の頂面２１には、燃焼室（窪み）２２が形成されており、インジェクタ５からの噴霧（主に軽油）が燃焼しながら燃焼室２２の形状にそって拡散するようになっている。   As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5A, a combustion chamber (recess) 22 is formed on the top surface 21 of the piston 20 of the direct injection diesel engine, and spray (mainly light oil) from the injector 5 is formed. It diffuses along the shape of the combustion chamber 22 while burning.

ところで、図５（ａ）に示すように、燃焼室２２には、断面円弧状に形成される壁面部分２３と断面直線状に形成される底面部分２４とが接続して形成されるものがある。かかる燃焼室２２では、噴霧が壁面部分２３から底面部分２４に沿って流れるとき、燃焼室２２の内面の曲率が急激に変わるため、噴霧の流れが淀むという問題があった。かかる問題を解決する手段としては、例えば、特許文献１のように壁面部分２３と底面部分２４との間に断面緩和曲線状の部分２５（図５（ｂ）参照）を形成することが知られていた。   Incidentally, as shown in FIG. 5A, some combustion chambers 22 are formed by connecting a wall surface portion 23 formed in a circular arc cross section and a bottom surface portion 24 formed in a straight cross section. . In the combustion chamber 22, when the spray flows from the wall surface portion 23 along the bottom surface portion 24, the curvature of the inner surface of the combustion chamber 22 changes abruptly. As a means for solving such a problem, for example, as in Patent Document 1, it is known to form a cross-sectional relaxation curve-shaped portion 25 (see FIG. 5B) between the wall surface portion 23 and the bottom surface portion 24. It was.

特開２０１３−２１７３０６号公報JP 2013-217306 A 特表２００４−５３６９９２号公報Special table 2004-536992 gazette 特開平０８−１３５４４９号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-135449 特開平０７−０４２５５９号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-042559 特開平１１−２１０４６７号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-210467

しかしながら、図５（ｂ）に示すように、壁面部分２３と底面部分２４との間に断面緩和曲線状の部分２５を形成した場合、噴霧はいつまでも断面直線状の底面部分２４に沿って流れるため、シリンダ中央部の空気が十分有効に使えておらず、スモークの低減量に改善の余地があるという課題があった。   However, as shown in FIG. 5B, when a section 25 having a cross-sectional relaxation curve is formed between the wall surface portion 23 and the bottom surface portion 24, the spray flows along the bottom surface portion 24 having a straight cross section. The air in the center of the cylinder is not used effectively enough, and there is a problem that there is room for improvement in the amount of smoke reduction.

本発明の目的は、シリンダ中央部の空気を十分有効に使うことができ、スモークを更に低減できる直噴式エンジンの燃焼室構造を提供することにある。   An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion chamber structure for a direct injection engine that can sufficiently effectively use air at the center of a cylinder and can further reduce smoke.

上述の目的を達成するため、本発明は、ピストンの頂部中央に凹設され、前記ピストンの上方に配置されたインジェクタから噴射された燃料の噴霧と空気の混合気を形成して燃焼させる燃焼室を備え、前記燃焼室の断面壁形状は、その燃焼室の上部にピストン中央に向けて凸となる上部案内壁部と、前記上部案内壁部と連続し燃焼室の側壁下部と底壁外周部を区画する円弧状曲線で形成された下部案内壁部と、前記燃焼室の中央に形成され上方に盛り上がる中央底壁部と、前記下部案内壁部と前記中央底壁部との間に形成され前記下部案内壁部と滑らかに接続する緩和曲線で形成された中間底壁部とを備え、前記中央底壁部は、前記中間底壁部からの噴流を上方に剥離させる円弧状曲線で形成されたものである。   In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a combustion chamber that is recessed in the center of the top of a piston and burns by forming a mixture of fuel spray and air injected from an injector disposed above the piston. The cross-sectional wall shape of the combustion chamber includes an upper guide wall portion that protrudes toward the center of the piston at the upper portion of the combustion chamber, a lower portion of the side wall of the combustion chamber, and an outer peripheral portion of the bottom wall that is continuous with the upper guide wall portion. Formed between the lower guide wall portion and the central bottom wall portion formed in the center of the combustion chamber and rising upward. An intermediate bottom wall portion formed by a relaxation curve that smoothly connects with the lower guide wall portion, and the central bottom wall portion is formed by an arcuate curve that peels upward the jet flow from the intermediate bottom wall portion. It is a thing.

本発明の直噴式エンジンの燃焼室構造によれば、シリンダ中央部の空気を十分有効に使うことができ、スモークを更に低減できる。   According to the combustion chamber structure of the direct injection engine of the present invention, the air at the center of the cylinder can be used sufficiently effectively, and smoke can be further reduced.

本発明の一実施の形態に係るピストンの要部拡大断面図である。It is a principal part expanded sectional view of the piston which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. 図１に係るピストンの斜視説明図である。It is a perspective explanatory view of the piston concerning FIG. インジェクタからの噴流を説明する概略説明図であり、（ａ）は燃料噴射直後、（ｂ）はその後の状態を示す。It is a schematic explanatory drawing explaining the jet flow from an injector, (a) shows immediately after fuel injection, (b) shows the subsequent state. 従来のピストンの断面説明図である。It is sectional explanatory drawing of the conventional piston. （ａ）は、図４の要部拡大説明図であり、（ｂ）は、（ａ）の問題を解決した従来のピストンの要部拡大説明図である。(A) is principal part expansion explanatory drawing of FIG. 4, (b) is principal part expansion explanatory drawing of the conventional piston which solved the problem of (a).

以下、本発明の好適な実施の形態を添付図面にしたがって説明する。   Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図２及び図３（ａ）に示すように、ピストン１は、直噴式エンジン２のシリンダ３内に上下に往復動自在に設けられている。直噴式エンジン２は、ディーゼルエンジンからなる。また、ピストン１は、シリンダ３に全周に亘って内接するよう略円柱状に形成されており、頂部中央には凹状の燃焼室４が形成されている。   As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3A, the piston 1 is provided in the cylinder 3 of the direct injection engine 2 so as to reciprocate up and down. The direct injection engine 2 is a diesel engine. The piston 1 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape so as to be inscribed in the cylinder 3 over the entire circumference, and a concave combustion chamber 4 is formed in the center of the top portion.

燃焼室４は、ピストン１の上方に配置されたインジェクタ５から斜め下方に噴射される燃料の噴霧と空気の混合気を形成して燃焼させるためのものであり、平面視でインジェクタ５を中心とする円形に形成されている。   The combustion chamber 4 is for forming and combusting a fuel / air mixture that is injected obliquely downward from an injector 5 disposed above the piston 1. The combustion chamber 4 is centered on the injector 5 in plan view. It is formed in a circular shape.

図１に示すように、燃焼室４の断面壁形状は、燃焼室４の上部にピストン中央に向けて凸となる上部案内壁部６と、上部案内壁部６と連続し燃焼室４の側壁下部と底壁外周部を区画する円弧状曲線で形成された下部案内壁部７と、燃焼室４の中央に形成され上方に盛り上がる中央底壁部８と、下部案内壁部７と中央底壁部８との間に形成され下部案内壁部７及び中央底壁部８と滑らかに接続する緩和曲線で形成された中間底壁部９とを備える。   As shown in FIG. 1, the cross-sectional wall shape of the combustion chamber 4 is such that the upper guide wall portion 6 that protrudes toward the center of the piston at the upper portion of the combustion chamber 4 and the side wall of the combustion chamber 4 that is continuous with the upper guide wall portion 6. A lower guide wall portion 7 formed by an arcuate curve that divides the lower portion and the outer peripheral portion of the bottom wall, a central bottom wall portion 8 that is formed at the center of the combustion chamber 4 and rises upward, and the lower guide wall portion 7 and the central bottom wall And an intermediate bottom wall portion 9 formed between the lower guide wall portion 7 and the central bottom wall portion 8 and formed with a relaxation curve.

上部案内壁部６は、インジェクタ５からの噴流を下方の下部案内壁部７に案内するものであり、燃焼室４の内周側に凸状に張り出すように形成されている。また、上部案内壁部６は、ピストン頂面、下部案内壁部７間を円弧曲線でつなぐ断面形状で形成されている。   The upper guide wall portion 6 guides the jet flow from the injector 5 to the lower lower guide wall portion 7 and is formed so as to project in a convex shape toward the inner peripheral side of the combustion chamber 4. The upper guide wall 6 is formed in a cross-sectional shape that connects the top surface of the piston and the lower guide wall 7 with an arc curve.

下部案内壁部７は、上部案内壁部６からの噴流を燃焼室４の中央に案内するものであり、凹状に窪んで形成されている。   The lower guide wall portion 7 guides the jet flow from the upper guide wall portion 6 to the center of the combustion chamber 4 and is formed to be recessed in a concave shape.

中央底壁部８は、中間底壁部９からの噴流を上方に剥離すべく円弧状曲線で形成されている。中央底壁部８は、噴流を上方に剥離させることで膨張行程中の下降するピストン中央からシリンダ３の中央に噴流を案内するようになっている。また、中央底壁部８の半径Ｒ１は、下部案内壁部７の半径Ｒ２よりも大きく形成されている。   The center bottom wall portion 8 is formed in an arcuate curve so that the jet flow from the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 is peeled upward. The central bottom wall portion 8 guides the jet flow from the lowering piston center during the expansion stroke to the center of the cylinder 3 by separating the jet flow upward. Further, the radius R1 of the central bottom wall portion 8 is formed larger than the radius R2 of the lower guide wall portion 7.

中間底壁部９は、下部案内壁部７と滑らかに接続される緩和曲線状に形成されており、下部案内壁部７からの噴流を淀みなく中央底壁部８側に案内するようになっている。中間底壁部９は、下部案内壁部７と接続される外周側端部の半径が下部案内壁部７の半径Ｒ２と同じに形成されると共に、外周側端部から内周側端部に向かうにつれて曲率半径が連続的に大きくなるように形成されており、最終的に曲率半径∞即ち直線となり、中央底壁部８と接する。よって接点で曲率半径が急変することになり、噴霧が中央底壁部８から離れ、シリンダ中央部に向かっていく。具体的には、中間底壁部９は、クロソイド曲線で形成されている。   The intermediate bottom wall portion 9 is formed in a relaxed curve shape that is smoothly connected to the lower guide wall portion 7, and guides the jet flow from the lower guide wall portion 7 toward the center bottom wall portion 8 without stagnation. ing. The intermediate bottom wall portion 9 is formed so that the radius of the outer peripheral end connected to the lower guide wall 7 is the same as the radius R2 of the lower guide wall 7, and from the outer peripheral end to the inner peripheral end. The curvature radius is formed so as to increase continuously as it goes, and finally the curvature radius ∞, that is, a straight line, is in contact with the central bottom wall portion 8. Accordingly, the radius of curvature suddenly changes at the contact point, and the spray leaves the central bottom wall portion 8 and moves toward the central portion of the cylinder. Specifically, the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 is formed with a clothoid curve.

次に本実施の形態の作用を述べる。   Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

図３（ａ）に示すように、圧縮行程中の上死点近傍でインジェクタ５から燃料が噴射されると、噴射された燃料とその周囲の空気とが噴流１０となって燃焼室４の上部案内壁部６に向かう。このとき、噴流１０は周囲の空気を巻き込みながら流れると共に、噴流１０内の燃料の霧と周囲の空気とが徐々に着火する。この後、噴流１０は徐々に着火する状態を維持したまま上部案内壁部６、下部案内壁部７及び中間底壁部９に沿って流れる。具体的には、噴流１０は、上部案内壁部６で下方に案内されたのち、円弧状の下部案内壁部７に沿って流れて燃焼室４の中央に向きを変えられ、中間底壁部９に沿って流れて中央底壁部８に向かって流れる。中間底壁部９は緩和曲線で形成されているため、下部案内壁部７と中間底壁部９との境や中間底壁部９と中央底壁部８との境で噴流１０が淀むことはなくスムーズに流れる。   As shown in FIG. 3 (a), when fuel is injected from the injector 5 in the vicinity of the top dead center during the compression stroke, the injected fuel and the surrounding air become a jet 10 to form an upper portion of the combustion chamber 4. Head toward the guide wall 6. At this time, the jet 10 flows while entraining the surrounding air, and the fuel mist in the jet 10 and the surrounding air gradually ignite. Thereafter, the jet 10 flows along the upper guide wall 6, the lower guide wall 7, and the intermediate bottom wall 9 while maintaining a gradually ignited state. Specifically, the jet 10 is guided downward by the upper guide wall 6, then flows along the arc-shaped lower guide wall 7 and is turned to the center of the combustion chamber 4, and the intermediate bottom wall 9 flows toward the central bottom wall 8. Since the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 is formed with a relaxation curve, the jet 10 stagnates at the boundary between the lower guide wall portion 7 and the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 or at the boundary between the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 and the central bottom wall portion 8. It flows smoothly.

図３（ｂ）に示すように、中央底壁部８が円弧状曲線で形成され、ピストン１は上死点を過ぎると下降することから、中央底壁部８に至った噴流１０は、中央底壁部８で上方に剥離され、ピストン上方に位置するシリンダ中央の空間に向かって流れ、シリンダ中央の空気と速やかに混合され、シリンダ中央の空気を有効に使って燃焼する。   As shown in FIG. 3B, the central bottom wall portion 8 is formed in an arcuate curve, and the piston 1 descends after passing through the top dead center, so that the jet flow 10 reaching the central bottom wall portion 8 It peels upward at the bottom wall 8 and flows toward the space in the center of the cylinder located above the piston, quickly mixed with the air in the center of the cylinder, and burns using the air in the center of the cylinder effectively.

このように、中間底壁部９を緩和曲線で形成し、中央底壁部８をわざと曲率を急激に変える円弧状曲線で形成するものとしたため、噴流１０を確実に上方に剥離させることができ、シリンダ３の中央部の空気を有効に使うことができ、スモークを更に低減させることができる。   Thus, since the intermediate bottom wall portion 9 is formed with a relaxation curve and the central bottom wall portion 8 is formed with an arcuate curve that suddenly changes the curvature, the jet 10 can be reliably peeled upward. The air at the center of the cylinder 3 can be used effectively, and the smoke can be further reduced.

１ ピストン
２ 直噴式エンジン
４ 燃焼室
６ 上部案内壁部
７ 下部案内壁部
８ 中央底壁部
９ 中間底壁部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Piston 2 Direct injection type engine 4 Combustion chamber 6 Upper guide wall part 7 Lower guide wall part 8 Center bottom wall part 9 Middle bottom wall part

Claims (2)

ピストンの頂部中央に凹設され、前記ピストンの上方に配置されたインジェクタから噴射された燃料の噴霧と空気の混合気を形成して燃焼させる燃焼室を備え、前記燃焼室の断面壁形状は、その燃焼室の上部にピストン中央に向けて凸となる上部案内壁部と、前記上部案内壁部と連続し燃焼室の側壁下部と底壁外周部を区画する円弧状曲線で形成された下部案内壁部と、前記燃焼室の中央に形成され上方に盛り上がる中央底壁部と、前記下部案内壁部と前記中央底壁部との間に形成され前記下部案内壁部と滑らかに接続する緩和曲線で形成された中間底壁部とを備え、前記中央底壁部は、前記中間底壁部からの噴流を上方に剥離させる円弧状曲線で形成されたことを特徴とする直噴式エンジンの燃焼室構造。   It comprises a combustion chamber that is recessed in the center of the top of the piston and forms a mixture of fuel spray and air injected from an injector disposed above the piston and burns, and the cross-sectional wall shape of the combustion chamber is An upper guide wall portion that protrudes toward the center of the piston at the upper portion of the combustion chamber, and a lower guide formed by an arcuate curve that is continuous with the upper guide wall portion and separates the lower portion of the side wall of the combustion chamber and the outer peripheral portion of the bottom wall. A relaxation curve that is formed between the wall portion, the center bottom wall portion that is formed at the center of the combustion chamber and rises upward, and is smoothly connected to the lower guide wall portion that is formed between the lower guide wall portion and the center bottom wall portion. A combustion chamber of a direct injection type engine, wherein the central bottom wall portion is formed in an arcuate curve that peels upward the jet flow from the intermediate bottom wall portion. Construction. 前記緩和曲線が、クロソイド曲線からなる請求項１に記載の直噴式エンジンの燃焼室構造。   The combustion chamber structure of a direct injection type engine according to claim 1, wherein the relaxation curve is a clothoid curve.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001227346A (en) * 2000-02-18 2001-08-24 Honda Motor Co Ltd Fuel direct infection-type diesel engine
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JP2010121483A (en) * 2008-11-18 2010-06-03 Mazda Motor Corp Combustion chamber structure of diesel engine
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110869592A (en) * 2017-07-11 2020-03-06 五十铃自动车株式会社 Combustion chamber structure of direct injection internal combustion engine
CN109404156A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-03-01 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 The combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection
CN109404156B (en) * 2018-12-10 2020-07-24 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 Combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine

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