JP2016111973A - Tilling claw and working machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tilling claw in which soil crushing properties and abrasion resistance are improved in comparison with a current tilling claw.SOLUTION: A tilling claw of the present invention is mounted to a mounting flange of a rotational claw shaft, and tills the soil by rotating the mounting flange centering on a shaft core of the rotational claw shaft. The tilling claw comprises a vertical blade part and a horizontal blade part smoothly extended from the vertical blade part after a folding start line. The vertical blade part has two or more insertion holes for inserting fastening members and mounting the mounting flange, and forms a plane perpendicular to the shaft core. The horizontal blade part has a curved part gently curved in the vertical direction to the plane where the vertical blade part belongs. A cutting edge part is provided in a positive rotation direction side from the vertical blade part to the horizontal blade part of the tilling claw. A cutting edge angle being a complementary angle of the angle formed by a tangential line in any one point of a curve formed by the cutting edge part and a straight line for connecting one point of the cutting edge part and the shaft core decreases from an intersection point with a folding start line to a blade edge being an end of the horizontal blade part. The cutting edge angle in the vicinity of the blade edge is 50% or more and 60% or less of the cutting edge angle in the intersection point with the folding start line becomes.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a tilling nail.

  When directly cultivating uncultivated land or when cultivating hard soil, the biting performance of the tilling nail is emphasized. A so-called flange-type tillage claw is composed of a vertical blade portion having an insertion hole to be attached to the attachment flange, and a horizontal blade portion extended from the vertical blade portion. FIG. 1 shows an example of the shape of a flange-type tilling nail according to the prior art. In this prior art, from the vertical blade portion 103 to the horizontal blade portion 104, it is slightly curved in the direction opposite to the normal rotation direction A. In order to ensure the biting performance, the shape of the tilling claw is not excessively curved in the direction opposite to the normal rotation direction, and a claw having a relatively small curvature is used. A nail having such a shape may be referred to as a standing nail shape. In order to ensure the crushed property when cultivating hard soil, it is necessary to drive the cultivating claw into the soil with a strong impact.

  However, there are few users who directly plow uncultivated land in recent years, especially in the Hokkaido region, and roughing with plows and pulls has become the mainstream before rotary plowing work. In the cultivation work of relatively soft soil after such roughing, the problem of improving the wear resistance of the tilling nail is more important than the biting performance of the tilling nail.

  If the wear of the tillage nail progresses, horsepower will be required more than necessary, and the fuel consumption will deteriorate. In addition, when plowing work in hard soil, vibration increases and comfortable work cannot be performed. Further, the tillage performance such as inversion and crushed property is deteriorated. Therefore, the problem of improving the abrasion resistance of the tilling nail is important while maintaining the crushed property by the conventional tilling nail to some extent.

  For this purpose, the inventors have focused on the so-called sleeping shape of the nail, which has a large curvature in the direction opposite to the normal rotation direction in the shape of the tilling nail. In relatively soft soil after roughing with plows and pulls, there is no significant difference between the nail tillage nail and the nail tillage nail in terms of crushed and fuel economy However, it has become clear from the inventors' research that the tilling nail with the nail is more advantageous in terms of wear resistance.

JP 2000-037101

  The tilling claw is gradually deteriorated particularly by wear due to the tillage work. For example, in the tilling claw having the nail standing shape as described above, the tip is worn with a sharp point. This is because the impact received near the tip of the tilling nail when driven into the soil is relatively strong. In this way, when only a part is particularly worn and worn, the tillage performance deteriorates at an early stage. Generally, when the width reaches 20 mm in any part due to wear of the tilling nail, the use limit is set.

In view of the above-described problems, the present invention proposes a tilling claw in which tillage performance is unlikely to deteriorate even when worn due to use.

A tilling claw according to the present invention is a tilling claw that is attached to a mounting flange of a rotating claw shaft and cultivates soil by rotating the mounting flange about the axis of the rotating claw shaft. And a horizontal blade portion that extends smoothly from the portion with the bend start line as a boundary, and the vertical blade portion has a plurality of insertion holes for inserting the fastening member and attaching the fastening member to the mounting flange. The horizontal blade portion has a curved portion that gently curves in the vertical direction with respect to the plane to which the vertical blade portion belongs, and is located on the positive rotation direction side from the vertical blade portion to the horizontal blade portion of the tilling nail. The incision angle, which is the remainder of the angle formed between the tangent at any point on the curve formed by the blade edge and the straight line connecting the one point of the blade edge and the axis, starts to bend. Decreases from the intersection with the line to the edge of the edge of the horizontal blade, and the cutting angle in the vicinity of the edge is Characterized by comprising 60% or less than 50% of the entering angle at the intersection of the line.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a tilling claw having excellent wear resistance while maintaining the fuel efficiency and crushed property of a rotary tiller at the same level as in the past. With respect to wear resistance, wear is maintained while maintaining a substantially equal interval between the edge of the blade and the edge of the ridge, so there is little degradation in performance.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the shape of a tilling nail according to the prior art. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the shape of the tilling nail according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a view showing the shape of the tillage nail according to the present embodiment and the prior art, with the insertion holes made to coincide with each other. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the shape of the tillage nail according to the present embodiment and the prior art, with the blade edge portion positioned 56 mm inside the rotation radius and being overlapped. FIG. 5 is a view showing the tilling claw according to the present embodiment attached to the attachment flange. FIG. 6 is a view showing a conventional tilling claw attached to a mounting flange. FIG. 7 is a photograph of the tilling nail according to the present embodiment and the prior art before the wear test. FIG. 8 is a photograph of the tilling nail according to the present embodiment and the prior art after the wear test.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, embodiment shown below is an example of embodiment of this invention, This invention is limited to these embodiment, and is not interpreted. Note that in the drawings referred to in this embodiment, the same portions or portions having similar functions are denoted by the same reference symbols or similar symbols, and repeated description thereof may be omitted. In addition, the dimensional ratio in the drawing may be different from the actual ratio for convenience of explanation, or a part of the configuration may be omitted from the drawing.

  1 and 2 are views showing the shape of a tilling nail according to an embodiment of the prior art and the present invention, respectively.

  In Fig.1 (a) and FIG.2 (a), a continuous line is the side view which looked at the tilling nail from the rotating shaft direction. An alternate long and two short dashes line shows a side view (planar development view) in a state where the horizontal blade portion 4 is curved before the bending start line B on the tilling nail is bent.

  FIG.1 (b) and FIG.2 (b) are the bottom views which looked at the tilling nail from the bending start line B direction.

  The tilling claw according to the present invention includes a vertical blade portion 3 and a horizontal blade portion 4 extended from the vertical blade portion 3. A blade edge portion 7 is provided from the vertical blade portion 3 to the horizontal blade portion 4 on the positive rotation direction A side of the outer periphery of the tilling nail. A portion on the reverse rotation direction side of the outer periphery of the tilling nail facing the blade edge 7 is referred to as a peak edge 8.

  The vertical blade portion 3 of the tillage claw has a plurality of insertion holes 2 for inserting a fastening member and attaching the fastening member to the attachment flange 11, and forms a plane perpendicular to the axis O. In the present embodiment, the insertion holes 2 are provided at two locations, and fastening members such as bolts are inserted into the insertion holes 2 and attached to the mounting flange 11. The arrangement of the tilling claws with respect to the mounting flange 11 can be adjusted by the positional relationship of these insertion holes 2 in the vertical blade portion 3. Further, the insertion hole 2 is arranged so that the rotation radius, which is the distance between the axis O and the outermost rotation end of the tilling claw, is 270 mm. Here, the rotation radius is not limited to 270 mm, and may be 250 mm or more and 300 mm or less. The vertical blade portion 3 is extended substantially linearly while maintaining the interval between the blade edge portion 7 and the ridge edge portion 8 substantially constant, and is arranged so as to be inclined in the direction opposite to the forward rotation direction in the present embodiment. Yes. Although not shown, in the present embodiment, the interval between the blade edge portion 7 and the peak edge portion 8 is approximately 77 mm in the vicinity of the blade edge. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and if the distance is in the range of 65 mm or more and 90 mm or less, the tilling nail according to the present embodiment maintains the same performance. The vertical blade portion 3 cuts and crushes the soil.

  The horizontal blade portion 4 extends from the vertical blade portion 3, and the boundary line between the horizontal blade portion 4 and the vertical blade portion 3 starts to bend the horizontal blade portion 4 in the direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the vertical blade portion 3. This is a folding start line B corresponding to the position to be performed. The horizontal blade portion 4 has one end smoothly extended from the vertical blade portion 3 with the bending start line B as a boundary, and the curved portion 5 gently curved in a direction perpendicular to the plane to which the vertical blade portion 3 belongs with a substantially constant radius of curvature. Have In the present embodiment, the bending portion 5 is bent with a curvature radius of 100 mm with the bending start line B as a boundary. The radius of curvature of 100 mm is relatively large for a tilling claw. In general, when this radius of curvature is small, the soil flow changes suddenly and the tilling nail is likely to be worn. The tillage claw according to the present invention makes the soil flow smooth by making the radius of curvature relatively large.

  In the present invention, the radius of curvature of the curved portion is not constant and may vary. The bending is preferably performed over both ends of the bending portion with a fluctuation range within 20% of the maximum value of the radius of curvature in the bending portion. More preferably, the curvature radius of the curved portion is curved in the range of 90 mm to 110 mm. In particular, when the radius of curvature is 70 mm or less, the wear resistance decreases because the soil flow changes suddenly. In particular, when the radius of curvature is 120 mm or more, the inversion and release performance deteriorates.

  A flat portion 6 having no curvature may be smoothly connected to the other end of the horizontal blade portion 4.

  In the plan development view of FIG. 2A, it can be seen that the distance between the blade edge portion and the peak edge portion is maintained approximately constant and is gently curved in the direction opposite to the normal rotation direction. Although not shown, in this embodiment, the width of the tilling nail is 77 mm in the vicinity of the blade edge, and the curvature radii of the ridge edge and the blade edge are 130 mm and 200 mm, respectively. In the present invention, if the width of the tilling nail is 65 mm or more and 90 mm or less, equivalent performance is maintained. As described above, when the nail width reaches 20 mm, the use limit is set. As the nail width is narrow, the use limit is reached earlier. Therefore, it is preferable to ensure a minimum nail width of 75 mm. On the other hand, the wider the claw width, the lower the fuel consumption of the work machine due to the increased weight of the tilling claw. Therefore, the nail width is preferably within 90 mm.

  In the bottom view of FIG. 2 (b), the acute angle side formed by the vertical blade portion 3 and the tangent at the outer end of the rotation of the bending portion 5 is 80 °. This also means that when the bending portion 5 is bent with a certain radius of curvature, the central angle of the bending portion 5 is 80 °. Further, the flat portion 6 is extended so that the distance from the plane to which the vertical blade portion 3 belongs to the tip of the horizontal blade portion is 115 mm. The horizontal blade part 4 performs reversal and release in addition to the ground soil. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the tilling nail is 8 mm.

  In the present invention, the angle on the acute angle side formed by the vertical blade portion 3 and the tangent at the end of the bending portion 5 on the blade edge side is 70 ° or more and 90 ° or less.

  The distance from the plane to which the vertical blade portion 3 belongs to the tip of the horizontal blade portion 4 corresponds to the cutting width. The cutting width of the tillage nail according to the present embodiment is 115 mm. The cutting width of the tilling nail in the present invention is 110 mm or more and 120 mm or less. When attention is paid to the nail as a single body, it is preferable to secure a cutting width of 110 mm or more because the shorter the cutting width is, the more the reversal and release performance deteriorates. On the other hand, if the cutting width is long, the fuel consumption of the work machine is reduced, so it is preferable to suppress the cutting width to 120 mm or less.

  FIG. 3 is a view showing the shape of the tillage nail according to the present invention and the prior art, with the axis O and the insertion hole 2 being made to coincide with each other.

  In the side view of the nail as viewed from the direction of the rotation axis, the margin of the angle formed by the tangent at one point of the curve formed by the blade edge portion 7 and the straight line connecting the one point of the blade edge portion 7 and the axis is the blade edge portion. 7 is defined as the cut angle at the one point. In the tilling nail of the present embodiment, the cutting angle at the intersection point P between the bending start line B and the blade edge portion 7 is 50 °. In the present invention, the cutting angle at the intersection point P between the bending start line B and the blade edge portion 7 is preferably an acute angle side formed by the vertical blade portion 3 and a tangent line at the end portion on the cutting edge side of the rotation of the bending portion 5. It is 55% or more and 65% or less of the corner. The smaller the cutting angle at the intersection P, the weaker the impact when driving into the soil, but the wear resistance is improved. On the other hand, the greater the cutting angle at the intersection P, the stronger the impact at the time of driving and the crushed property is improved, but the wear resistance is degraded.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the shape of the tillage nail according to the present invention and the prior art, with the axis O and the blade edge portion 7 positioned 56 mm inward from the rotation radius in an overlapping manner. The position 56 mm inward from the turning radius substantially corresponds to the position where the tilling nail is driven into the soil according to the present invention when the tilling operation is performed at a tractor vehicle speed of 3 km / h and a nail shaft rotation speed of 297 rpm.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting edge according to the present embodiment and the tilling claw according to the prior art are aligned with the blade edge 7 located 56 mm from the turning radius corresponding to the position of driving into the soil to the axis side. It can be easily seen that the degree of bending from the driving position to the cutting edge is greatly different when they are overlapped. In the tilling nail according to the present embodiment, the cutting angle at a position of 5 mm from the turning radius to the axis side is 28 °, and the cutting angle at a position of 56 mm from the turning radius to the axis side is 49 °. On the other hand, in the tillage nail according to the prior art, the cutting angle at a position of 5 mm from the turning radius to the axis side is 43 °, and the cutting angle at a position of 56 mm from the turning radius to the axis side is 51 °. In the tillage claw shaft according to the present embodiment, the cutting angle of the blade edge portion 7 continuously decreases from the inside to the outside of the rotation, and this reduction rate is larger than that of the tilling claw according to the prior art. This is due to the fact that the bending in the opposite direction to the forward rotation direction in the horizontal blade portion 4 is larger than in the tillage claw according to the prior art.

  In the present invention, the cutting angle in the vicinity of the cutting edge which is the end portion of the horizontal blade portion (for example, a position of 5 mm from the turning radius to the axis side) is 50% of the cutting angle at the intersection point P of the bending start line B. It is 60% or less. The smaller the rate of decrease of the cutting angle from the intersection P to the cutting edge, the so-called nail-like shape close to that of the prior art, and the wear resistance deteriorates. On the other hand, if the rate of decrease of the cutting angle from the intersection point P to the cutting edge is too large, it is considered that the cutting angle at the intersection point P is too large. In such a case, the impact during driving becomes strong, Wear resistance deteriorates.

  Due to the relationship between the cut angles, the tilling nail according to the present invention has a so-called sleeping shape.

  On the other hand, in the tilling nail according to the prior art, although the cutting angle continuously decreases from the intersection P to the blade edge, the rate of decrease is smaller than that according to the present invention. Due to the relationship between the cut angles, the tillage nail according to the prior art has a so-called nail standing shape.

  In the tilling claw according to the present invention, a plurality of tilling claws are attached to the attachment flange 11 of the rotary claw shaft of the rotary tiller with a tractor mounted type, and the attachment flange 11 is rotated around the axis O of the rotation claw shaft so that the soil is obtained. Plow (plow, reverse, crushed soil).

  5 and 6 are views showing the tilling claw according to the present invention and the tilling claw according to the prior art attached to the mounting flange 11, respectively. In the present embodiment, six tilling claws are attached to one side of one mounting flange 11 to constitute the mounting flange 11. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and, for example, a configuration in which three tilling claws are mounted on both sides may be employed. In the plurality of tilling claws attached to the attachment flange 11, the insertion hole 2 on the front side in the rotation direction and the insertion hole 2 on the rear side in the rotation direction are respectively arranged on a concentric circle centered on the axis.

  A plurality of mounting flanges 11 according to the present invention are attached to the rotary claw shaft. For example, about 13 attachment flanges 11 can be attached to one rotary claw shaft. The rotary claw shaft is attached to the rotary tiller so as to be rotatable around the shaft. The rotary tiller is coupled to be pulled by a traveling machine such as a tractor. The tillage of the soil is carried out by the rotation of the tillage claws by the power supplied from the traveling machine body. The tilling claw of the present invention can be used by being attached not only to a rotary tiller but also to a working machine such as a hail coater or a scraper.

  5 and 6, the angle formed by the straight line passing through the center of the insertion hole and the axial center arranged on the rear side in the forward rotation direction, and the straight line passing through the rearmost end portion and the axial center in the horizontal blade portion with respect to the forward rotation direction. Is shown. The angle is 39 ° in the present embodiment and 19 ° in the prior art. This is also due to the fact that the tilling claw according to the present invention has a larger curvature in the direction opposite to the forward rotation direction in the side blade portion 4 than the tilling claw according to the prior art.

  In one mounting flange 11, the plurality of tilling claws are not necessarily arranged at equal intervals. As shown in the present embodiment, one of the tilling claws attached to one side surface and one of the tilling claws attached to the other side surface may be arranged in a pair.

  When a plurality of tilling claws are mounted on the mounting flange 11 of the rotary claw shaft of the rotary tiller of the tractor mounting type, the mounting flange 11 is configured, and when the mounting flange 11 is driven to rotate while the tractor is running, Rotating in the direction indicated by arrow A (forward rotation direction) about the axis O of 11 and entering the soil from the vertical blade portion 3 to cut the soil in the traveling direction, and the horizontal blade portion 4 enters the soil. The soil is cultivated by cutting the soil in the left-right direction (axial direction of the rotating claw shaft) with a predetermined width, and the cultivated soil is held by the rake face of the horizontal blade portion 4, and the horizontal blade portion 4 is soiled. After exiting from the center, it is thrown backward in the direction of travel and reversed.

  The tillage claw shown in the present embodiment improves wear resistance compared to the tillage claw according to the prior art.

  The wear resistance of the tillage nail according to the present invention will be described with reference to the results of a test study compared with the tillage nail according to the prior art. The conventional tilling nail used here for comparison is almost the same as the conventional tilling nail with the nail standing shape shown in FIG.

  FIG. 7 is a photograph of a prior art tillage nail and a tillage nail according to the present invention before the wear test. The left is a tilling nail according to the prior art, and the right is a tilling nail according to the present invention. Before the test, the nail height 9 of both, that is, the cutting width was 115 mm and was almost the same.

  The wear test conditions will be briefly described. A plurality of mounting flanges 11 equipped with the tilling claws according to the present invention and a plurality of mounting flanges 11 equipped with conventional tilling claws are prepared and mounted on the rotary tilling device mounted on the tractor so that the tilling operation can be performed while the tractor is traveling. went. The main test conditions are as follows. Flange rotation speed: 297 rpm, tractor vehicle speed: 2.0 km / h, plowing depth: 18 cm. After plowing for 10 hours and 20 minutes under these conditions, the claws of both were compared.

  FIG. 8 is a photograph comparing the progress of wear of a tillage nail according to the prior art and the present invention. On the left is the prior art, and the average nail height after the test was 108 mm. On the other hand, the right is a tilling nail according to the present invention, and the average value of the nail height after the test was 113 mm. The height of the tillage nail is smaller in the present invention than in the conventional product.

  The tilling nail having a nail shape according to the present invention is almost uniformly worn, and the remaining tilling nail is wider than the tilling nail according to the prior art, and this difference is particularly remarkable near the tip. For this reason, it is considered that the tilling performance of the tilling nail according to the present invention is less likely to be lowered than the tilling nail according to the prior art.

  Generally, when the width reaches 20 mm due to wear of the tilling nail, it is regarded as the limit of use. As is clear from the test results, the tilling nail according to the present invention has a limit of use compared to the conventional nail with the nail standing. The wear progresses slowly until That is, the period until reaching the use limit is longer than that of the conventional product.

2, 102: Insertion hole 3, 103: Vertical blade portion 4, 104: Horizontal blade portion 5, 105: Curved portion 6, 106: Flat portion 7, 107: Blade edge portion 8, 108: Peak edge portion 9, 109: Cutting width 10, 110: Curvature radius of curvature R
11, 111: Mounting flange 12, 112: Tillage claw A Rotating direction B Bending start line O Flange axis P Intersection of blade edge and bending starting line

Claims (9)

A tilling claw that is attached to the mounting flange of the rotating claw shaft and cultivates the soil by rotating the mounting flange around the axis of the rotating claw shaft,
A vertical blade,
A horizontal blade portion that extends smoothly from the vertical blade portion with a bend start line as a boundary,
The vertical blade portion is
A plurality of insertion holes for inserting a fastening member and attaching the fastening member to the mounting flange;
Forming a plane perpendicular to the axis;
The horizontal blade portion is
A curved portion that gently curves in a direction perpendicular to the plane to which the vertical blade portion belongs,
From the vertical blade portion of the tillage claw to the horizontal blade portion has a blade edge on the positive rotation direction side,
A cutting angle that is a remainder angle of a tangent line at an arbitrary point of the curve formed by the blade edge portion and a straight line connecting the one point of the blade edge portion and the shaft core is the bending start line. A plow characterized by decreasing from an intersection point to a blade edge that is an end of a horizontal blade portion, and a cutting angle in the vicinity of the cutting edge is not less than 50% and not more than 60% of a cutting angle at the intersection with the bending start line. claw. The tilling nail according to claim 1, wherein the bending portion has a variation range of a radius of curvature over both ends of the bending portion within 20% of a maximum value of the curvature radius of the bending portion. The tilling nail according to claim 2, wherein the curved portion has a curvature radius exceeding 90 mm and not more than 110 mm. The incision angle at the intersection with the bending start line is an acute angle side formed by the vertical blade portion and the tangent at the end of the bending portion on the cutting edge side in the bottom view seen from the direction of the bending start line. The tillage nail according to claim 3, which is 55% or more and 65% or less of the corner of the sword. The tilling nail according to claim 4, wherein an acute angle side formed by a tangent at an edge of the vertical blade portion and the curved portion on the blade edge side is 70 ° or more and 90 ° or less. The horizontal blade portion is
The tilling nail according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a flat portion that extends smoothly from an end of the curved portion on the blade tip side to a tip of the horizontal blade portion. The tilling nail according to claim 6, wherein a cutting width which is a distance from a plane to which the vertical blade portion belongs to a tip of the horizontal blade portion is 110 mm or more and 120 mm or less. The tilling claw according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a width of the tilling claw is 75 mm or more and 90 mm or less from the vertical blade portion to the horizontal blade portion. A working machine comprising the tilling claw according to any one of claims 1 to 8.