JP2016091601A - Reflection type x-ray generation apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-performance reflection type X-ray generation apparatus.SOLUTION: A reflection type X-ray generation apparatus includes a cylindrical vacuum vessel, a case unit 41 covering the side face of the vacuum vessel and a head 10 attached to the case unit 41. The case unit 41 includes a planar end section 41a for fixing the head and an inclined surface 35 having a shape of a side face of an approximately circular truncated cone. The head 10 is projected up to a position separated from the end section 41a further more than a curved surface PL constituting the inclined surface 35. The head 10 includes plane surfaces 10b, 10c inclined from a plane surface constituting the end section 41a and a window 12 for guiding X-rays generated in the vacuum vessel to an object. The window 12 faces the plane surface 10b and does not face the plane surface 10c.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a reflective X-ray generator, and more particularly to a high-performance reflective X-ray generator.

  Conventionally, X-ray imaging is used for diagnosis in the medical field and non-destructive inspection in the industrial equipment field.

  An X-ray generator that generates X-rays includes an electron source that emits electrons (electron beams), a lens electrode that focuses the electrons emitted from the electron source, a target that generates X-rays when the electrons collide, It has. The X-ray generator collides electrons emitted from an electron source with a target, and generates X-rays from the target by the collision energy. The generated X-ray is radiated to an external object through the window. There are two types of X-ray generators, a transmission type and a reflection type. The transmission type is a method in which X-rays are extracted from the same direction as the traveling direction of the electron beam from the electron source toward the target. The reflection type is a method of extracting X-rays from a direction different from the traveling direction of the electron beam from the electron source toward the target.

  In the transmissive type, the target is held at a position in contact with the window, whereas in the reflective type, the target is held at a position away from the window. Therefore, the reflective type can cool the target more easily than the transmissive type. Therefore, in the reflection type, the intensity of the electron beam can be increased, and more sensitive X-ray imaging can be performed.

  FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a conventional reflective X-ray generator.

  Referring to FIG. 9, the conventional reflective X-ray generator includes a vacuum vessel 101, a target 102, and a head 103. The vacuum vessel 101 has a cylindrical shape. The target 102 is fixed inside the vacuum vessel 101. The target 102 is made of a substance that generates X-rays when irradiated with an electron beam. The target 102 is provided at the center of the vacuum vessel 101. The head 103 is fixed to the upper part of the vacuum vessel 101 in FIG. The vacuum vessel 101 and the head 103 constitute a vacuum (reduced pressure) space. The head 103 includes a case part 111 and a window 112. The case part 111 includes an opening in the upper part thereof. The window 112 is fixed to the upper portion of the case portion 111 so as to close the opening of the case portion 111. The window 112 has a flat plate shape.

  The reflective X-ray generator generates X-rays from the target 102 by irradiating the target 102 with an electron beam as indicated by an arrow AR101. The generated X-rays are irradiated through the window 112 in the direction indicated by the arrow AR102.

  A workpiece WK and an X-ray detector 104 are provided in the X-ray irradiation direction. The X-ray detection apparatus 104 receives X-rays that have passed through the workpiece WK, and transmits a signal indicating the intensity of the received X-rays to a control unit (not shown).

  Since the target 102 becomes high temperature due to the collision of the electron beam, the target 102 needs to be cooled. In order to cool the target 102, the target 102 needs to be provided at a position away from the side wall of the vacuum vessel 101. In addition, in order to prevent a short circuit between the electron source and the side surface of the vacuum vessel 101, the target 102 needs to be provided at a position away from the side surface of the vacuum vessel 101.

  A conventional X-ray generator is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1 below. Patent Document 1 below discloses an electron emission source, a flat target that generates X-rays by irradiation of electrons emitted from the electron emission source, a shielding member that shields X-rays emitted from the target, An X-ray generation device including a temperature sensor for detecting temperature is disclosed. The target includes a target substrate and a target film provided on the surface of the target substrate on the electron emission source side.

JP 2012-186111 A

  However, the conventional reflective X-ray generator has a problem of low performance. This will be described below.

  Referring to FIG. 9, when work WK has a protruding portion WK1 that protrudes in the X-ray generation device direction (downward in FIG. 9) from the imaging position (work WK has, for example, an L-shaped cross-sectional shape). ), The projecting portion WK1 of the workpiece interferes with the side surface of the vacuum vessel 101, and thus the window 112 cannot be brought close to the projecting portion WK1. As a result, the conventional reflective X-ray generator could not irradiate the root portion (A portion in FIG. 9) of the workpiece WK close to the protruding portion WK1. For this reason, it was not possible to photograph the root portion of the workpiece WK close to the protruding portion WK1.

  As described above, in order to avoid the problem of cooling and short-circuiting, the window 112 needs to be provided at a distance from the side surface of the vacuum vessel 101. Therefore, the window 112 is provided at a position close to the side surface of the vacuum vessel 101. could not.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a high-performance reflective X-ray generator.

  A reflective X-ray generation device according to one aspect of the present invention is an X-ray generation device including a cylindrical vacuum vessel, a case portion covering a side surface of the vacuum vessel, and a head attached to the case portion. The case portion includes a planar case end portion that fixes the head, a cylindrical side portion, and an inclined surface that is provided between the case end portion and the side portion and has a shape of a side surface of a substantially truncated cone. The head protrudes to a position farther from the end of the case than the curved surface forming the inclined surface, the head includes first and second planes inclined relative to the plane forming the case end, and a vacuum And a window for guiding X-rays generated inside the container to the object. The window faces the first plane and does not face the second plane.

  Preferably, in the reflection type X-ray generation device, the head protrudes in a direction away from the case end from the main body, and a cylindrical main body fixed to the case end. And a protrusion formed by cutting, and each of the first and second planes is provided on the protrusion and is adjacent to the side surface of the main body.

  Preferably, in the reflection type X-ray generator, the protrusion has a width smaller than the width of the main body when viewed in a cross section including the normal line of the case end and the X-ray irradiation direction from the window. Have.

  Preferably, in the reflection type X-ray generation device, the head further includes a target fixing unit provided on the second plane, and the target fixing unit fixes a target which is an X-ray generation source.

  Preferably, in the reflection type X-ray generator, the head includes a first plane and a second plane when viewed in a cross section including a normal line of the case end and an X-ray irradiation direction from the window. And a third plane perpendicular to the first plane.

  Preferably, in the reflection type X-ray generator, the case portion further includes a planar reverse end portion provided on the side opposite to the case end portion, and the case end portion plane and the reverse end portion plane are: An angle of 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less is formed.

  According to the present invention, a high-performance reflective X-ray generator can be provided.

It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the X-ray imaging apparatus in one embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the external appearance of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of this invention. It is a bottom view (figure seen from the direction shown by III in FIG. 2) which shows the external appearance of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of this invention. It is a left view which shows the external appearance of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of this invention (figure seen from the direction shown by IV in FIG. 2). It is a top view (figure seen from the direction shown by V in FIG. 2) which shows the external appearance of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of this invention. It is a right side surface (figure seen from the direction shown by VI in FIG. 2) which shows the external appearance of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure explaining the effect of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the X-ray generator in one modification of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the structure of the conventional reflection type X-ray generator.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  [Schematic configuration of X-ray imaging apparatus]

  First, a schematic configuration of an X-ray imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of an X-ray imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view when seen in a cross section including the normal line of the end portion 41 a of the case portion 41 and the X-ray irradiation direction (arrow AR <b> 2) from the window 12.

  Referring to FIG. 1, the X-ray imaging apparatus of the present embodiment includes an X-ray generation apparatus 1, an X-ray detection apparatus 50, a control unit 80, an operation unit 90, and the like.

  The X-ray generator 1 is a reflection type, and mainly includes a head 10, a target 13, and a chamber 40. The chamber 40 includes a case part 41, a vacuum container 42, and an insulating part 43. The vacuum vessel 42 has a cylindrical shape. The vacuum container 42 is made of glass or ceramics.

  The case part 41 covers the side surface of the vacuum vessel 42. The case portion 41 includes an end portion 41a (an example of a case end portion), an end portion 41b (an example of a reverse end portion), a side portion 41c, and an inclined surface 35. The head 10 is fixed to the end 41a. The end 41b is an end provided on the side opposite to the end 41a. The ends 41a and 41b are both planar. The side part 41c is provided between the end part 41a and the end part 41b. The side part 41c has a cylindrical shape. The inclined surface 35 is provided between the end portion 41a and the side portion 41c. The inclined surface 35 has a shape of a side surface of a substantially truncated cone. Case portion 41 and inclined surface 35 are made of metal such as stainless steel, for example.

  The case part 41 has a shape bent in two. The plane of the end portion 41a and the plane of the end portion 41b form an angle of, for example, 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less. Thereby, the size of the chamber 40 along the extending direction of the vacuum vessel 42 can be reduced.

  The insulating portion 43 is filled between the case portion 41 and the vacuum vessel 42. The insulating part 43 may be a liquid.

  The head 10 includes a head main body 11 and a window 12. The head body 11 is fixed to the end portion 41 a of the case portion 41. The head body 11 is made of, for example, copper. The window 12 has a flat plate shape and is fixed to the head body 11. The window 12 has a higher X-ray transmittance than the head body 11. The head 10 may be detachable from the case portion 41 or may not be detachable. The head 10 forms a vacuum (decompression) internal space together with the vacuum vessel 42.

  The target 13 is provided in a space constituted by the vacuum vessel 42 and the head 10 and is fixed to the head body 11. The target 13 is an X-ray generation source that generates X-rays by irradiation with an electron beam. The target 13 is usually made of a metal material having an atomic number of 26 or more. The target 13 preferably has a high thermal conductivity and a high melting point. Specifically, the target 13 is made of a metal such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, copper, cobalt, iron, rhodium, or rhenium, or an alloy material thereof. The thickness of the target 13 varies depending on the material, but is preferably 1 μm or more and 15 μm or less. The target 13 is preferably formed by a method such as sputtering or vapor deposition. The target 13 may be formed of a thin film produced by rolling or polishing.

The X-ray generator 1 further includes an electron beam generator 32, a focusing electrode 33, and a housing 34. The electron beam generator 32 and the focusing electrode 33 are provided in a space constituted by the vacuum vessel 42 and the head 10. The space constituted by the vacuum vessel 42 and the head 10 is at least a degree of vacuum that allows electrons to fly between the electron beam generator 32 and the target 13 (for example, a degree of vacuum of 1 × 10 ⁻⁴ Pa or less). )have. The degree of vacuum in the space formed by the vacuum vessel 42 and the head 10 is preferably set as appropriate in consideration of the type of the electron beam generator 32 used, the operating temperature of the electron beam generator 32, and the like.

  The electron beam generator 32 generates an electron beam. The electron beam generator 32 may be a hot cathode type or a cold cathode type. The electron beam generator 32 is disposed so as to penetrate the vacuum vessel 42.

  The focusing electrode 33 is arranged at a predetermined distance from the electron beam generator 32 at a position closer to the head 10 than the electron beam generator 32. When a predetermined voltage is applied to the focusing electrode 33, an electric field is generated from the focusing electrode 33. Due to this electric field, electrons generated from the electron beam generator 32 are drawn out into a vacuum and become an electron beam. Further, due to the lens effect of this electric field, the electron beam generated from the electron beam generator 32 is focused and irradiated onto the target 13.

  The housing 34 is fixed to the end 41b. The housing 34 accommodates the configuration of the control unit 80, a vacuum pump for reducing the pressure inside the X-ray generator 1, a power supply device that supplies power to the electron beam generator 32, and the like.

  The X-ray generator 1 generates X-rays from the target 13 by irradiating the target 13 with an electron beam as indicated by an arrow AR1. X-rays generated inside the X-ray generator 1 are guided by a head 10 to a work (not shown) arranged outside the X-ray generator 1 as indicated by an arrow AR2.

  The X-ray detection apparatus 50 receives the X-rays that have passed through the workpiece, and transmits a signal indicating the intensity of the received X-rays to the control unit 80.

  The control unit 80 is electrically connected to each of the X-ray generation apparatus 1, the X-ray detection apparatus 50, and the operation unit 90, and controls the entire X-ray imaging apparatus. The control unit 80 includes an X-ray generation control unit 81, a position angle adjustment unit 82, and an image generation unit 83.

  The X-ray generation control unit 81 controls the voltage applied to the electron beam generation unit 32 and the focusing electrode 33, the degree of vacuum inside the X-ray generation device 1, and the like, thereby generating X-rays generated from the X-ray generation device 1. To control. The electron beam generator 32 is electrically connected to the controller 80 via a current introduction terminal 32a exposed to the outside of the vacuum vessel 42. Thereby, the intensity of the electron beam in the electron beam generator 32 is controlled by the X-ray generation controller 81.

  The position angle adjustment unit 82 moves the X-ray generation apparatus 1 to move the position of the X-ray generation apparatus 1 (the respective positions in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the z-axis direction) and the angle (X with respect to the z-axis). Adjust the irradiation angle of the line.

  The image generation unit 83 generates an X-ray image of the workpiece based on the signal received from the X-ray detection device 50.

  The operation unit 90 receives various operations related to the X-ray detection apparatus 50 from the operator, and transmits a signal based on the received operations to the control unit 80.

  [Head appearance]

  Next, the external shape of the head will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

  2-6 is a figure which shows the external appearance of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a front view. 3 is a bottom view (viewed from the direction indicated by III in FIG. 2). FIG. 4 is a left side view (viewed from the direction indicated by IV in FIG. 2). FIG. 5 is a top view (viewed from the direction indicated by V in FIG. 2). 6 is a right side view (viewed from the direction indicated by VI in FIG. 2).

  With particular reference to FIGS. 2, 5, and 6, the head 10 is fixed to the end portion 41 a by a plurality of head fixing portions 36 provided in an annular shape. The head fixing portion 36 is constituted by, for example, a bolt and a nut. The head main body 11 of the head 10 includes a main body portion 21 and a protruding portion 22. The main body portion 21 is a portion fixed to the end portion 41a. The main body portion 21 has a cylindrical shape and includes a cylindrical side surface 10a. The protruding portion 22 protrudes to a position farther from the end portion 41 a than the curved surface PL constituting the inclined surface 35 of the case portion 41. The protruding portion 22 is a portion formed by cutting a part of the cylindrical shape of the main body portion 21. When viewed in the cross section shown in FIG. 1, the protrusion 22 has a width smaller than the width of the main body 21 (the length in the direction indicated by the arrow AR <b> 3 in FIG. 2).

  The protrusion 22 includes flat surfaces 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, and 10f, and a cylindrical side surface 10a. Each of the planes 10b, 10c, 10d, and 10e is a plane obtained by cutting the cylindrical shape along different planes. Each of the planes 10b, 10c, 10d, and 10e is inclined with respect to the plane of the end portion 41a. The plane 10f is parallel to the end portion 41a. Each of the planes 10b, 10f, 10e, and 10c are adjacent in this order when viewed in the cross section shown in FIG. The window 12 faces only the plane 10b. The window 12 does not face the other plane that forms the protrusion 22.

  The plane 10b and the plane 10c are substantially in opposite directions. Each of the flat surfaces 10 b and 10 c is adjacent to the side surface 10 a of the main body portion 21. The plane 10e (an example of a third plane) is perpendicular to the plane 10a. The plane 10d is composed of two planes. The two planes 10d sandwich the plane 10b in the circumferential direction of the head 10. Each of the two flat surfaces 10 d is adjacent to the side surface 10 a in the circumferential direction of the head 10.

  Referring particularly to FIG. 6, the head 10 further includes a target fixing portion 37 provided on the planes 10c and 10e. The target fixing unit 37 fixes the target 13. The target fixing portion 37 is constituted by, for example, a bolt and a nut.

  [Effect of the embodiment]

  Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the X-ray generator in one embodiment of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 7, in the present embodiment, head 10 protrudes to a position farther from end portion 41 a than curved surface PL constituting inclined surface 35. For this reason, the workpiece WK has a protruding portion WK1 protruding in the X-ray generation device direction (downward in FIG. 7) from the imaging position (when the workpiece WK has, for example, an L-shaped cross-sectional shape). However, the protruding portion WK1 does not interfere with the side surface of the chamber 40. Further, since the corner of the outer edge portion of the end portion 41 a of the chamber 40 is scraped by the inclined surface 35, the protruding portion WK 1 does not interfere with the end portion 41 a of the chamber 40. As a result, X-rays can be irradiated to the base portion of the workpiece WK close to the protruding portion WK1 (A portion in FIG. 7), and the root portion of the workpiece WK close to the protruding portion WK1 can be photographed.

  [Others]

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the X-ray generator in one modification of the present invention.

  Referring to FIG. 8, in X-ray generator 1 of the present modification, case portion 41 is not bent and has a linearly extending shape (cylindrical shape). The plane of the end portion 41a and the plane of the end portion 41b are parallel to each other. Thereby, the case part 41 can be comprised by a simple shape.

  The external shape of the head 10 is arbitrary. The head 10 is only required to be present at a position farther from the end portion 41a than the curved surface PL and include first and second planes inclined with respect to the plane constituting the end portion 41a.

  The above-described embodiment is to be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, rather than the description above, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 X-ray generator 10, 103 Head 10a Cylindrical side surface 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e, 10f Head plane 11 Head main body 12,112 Window 13,102 Target 21 Head main body 22 Projection of head main body Portion 32 Electron beam generating portion 32a Current introducing terminal of electron beam generating portion 33 Focusing electrode 34 Housing 35 Inclined surface 36 Head fixing portion 37 Target fixing portion 40 Chamber 41, 111 Case portion 41a, 41b End portion of case portion 41c Case portion Side parts 42, 101 Vacuum container 43 Insulating part 50, 104 X-ray detection device 80 Control part 81 X-ray generation control part 82 Position angle adjustment part 83 Image generation part 90 Operation part AR1, AR2, AR3, AR101, AR102 Arrow PL Curved surface that forms the inclined surface of the case part WK work WK1 Workpiece protrusion

Claims (6)

A cylindrical vacuum vessel;
A case portion covering a side surface of the vacuum vessel;
An X-ray generator comprising a head fixed to the case part,
The case portion is
A planar case end for fixing the head;
A cylindrical side,
An inclined surface provided between the case end portion and the side portion and having a shape of a side surface of a substantially truncated cone;
The head protrudes to a position farther from the case end than the curved surface constituting the inclined surface,
The head is
First and second planes inclined with respect to the plane constituting the case end;
A window for guiding X-rays generated inside the vacuum vessel to an object,
The reflective X-ray generator, wherein the window faces the first plane and does not face the second plane. The head is
A cylindrical main body fixed to the end of the case;
Projecting in a direction away from the case end than the main body, and further including a projecting portion formed by cutting a part of the cylindrical shape of the main body,
2. The reflection type X-ray generation device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first and second planes is provided in the protruding portion and is adjacent to a side surface of the main body portion.   The protrusion has a width smaller than a width of the main body when viewed in a cross section including a normal line of the case end and an X-ray irradiation direction from the window. Reflection type X-ray generator. The head further includes a target fixing portion provided on the second plane,
The said target fixing | fixed part is a reflection type X-ray generator in any one of Claims 1-3 which fixes the target which is a generation source of X-rays.   The head is provided between the first plane and the second plane when viewed in a cross section including a normal line of the case end and an X-ray irradiation direction from the window. The reflective X-ray generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a third plane perpendicular to the first plane. The case portion further includes a planar reverse end portion provided on the opposite side to the case end portion,
The reflection type X-ray generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plane of the case end portion and a plane of the reverse end portion form an angle of 30 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less.