JP2016085555A - Charging system power generation and drive system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the damage of a circuit element due to erroneous connection or short circuit.SOLUTION: A controller 5 of a solar illumination system 1 includes: a first switch PFET 1 interposed on a charging current path 6; a second switch PFET 2 interposed on a driving current path 7; a first switch control circuit 8 for turning off the first switch PFET 1 in accordance with the voltage rise of a battery 3; a second switch control circuit 9 for turning off the second switch PFET 2 in accordance with the voltage drop of the battery 3; current restriction circuits 13 and 14 for restricting currents flowing through the switch PFET 1 and 2 during occurrence of erroneous connection/short circuit in power generation part connection terminals T1 and T2 or battery connection terminals T3 and T4; and voltage drop detection circuits 15 and 16 for detecting voltage drop downstream of the switches PFET 1 and 2 accompanied by the erroneous connection/short circuit, and for turning off the switches PFET 1 and 2 and the current restriction circuits 13 and 14 in accordance with the voltage drop detection.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a rechargeable power generation drive system such as a solar lighting system.

  Conventionally, a power generation unit that converts predetermined energy into electric energy, a rechargeable battery that is charged by power generation of the power generation unit, a drive unit that is driven by the battery as a power source, and a power generation unit, a battery, and a drive unit There is known a rechargeable power generation drive system including a controller to be operated (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

By the way, in the case of a relatively large rechargeable power generation drive system, as shown in FIG. 5, the site is manufactured and used in four parts (power generation unit 101, battery 102, drive unit 103, controller 104). Wiring connection is performed at. And wiring connection is performed as follows, for example.
1) Controller terminal T1 ← Positive electrode of power generation unit 101 2) Controller terminal T2 ← Positive electrode of power generation unit 101 3) Controller terminal T3 ← Positive electrode of battery 102 4) Controller terminal T4 ← Positive electrode of battery 102 5) Controller terminal T5 ← + pole of the drive unit 103 6) Controller terminal T6 ← -pole of the drive unit 103

Japanese Patent No. 3634430 JP 2001-92391 A

However, if the wiring connections shown in FIG. 5 are mistaken, the circuit elements in the controller 104 may be damaged as well as not operating normally. Such erroneous connection is roughly classified into the following three types (A to C). Moreover, although it is not erroneous connection, as a case to be considered, there is a short (D) of the positive polarity terminal of each part to GND (for example, it may occur due to an assembly failure such as a wire rod being caught in the case).
A. Mistake of each part (for example, mistake of power generation unit 101 and battery 102)
B. C. Misplaced parts and reverse polarity connection Reverse polarity connection Short accident

  Hereinafter, the controller of the rechargeable power generation drive system according to the reference example is shown, and a case where an erroneous connection or a short circuit occurs in the controller will be described.

FIG. 6 is a block circuit diagram showing a controller of the rechargeable power generation drive system according to the reference example.
The controller 104 shown in this figure uses a P-type FET as a switch, and is connected to a solar panel as the power generation unit 101, a 12V lead battery for automobiles as the battery 102, and an LED lighting device as the drive unit 103.

In FIG. 6, diodes D <b> 1 and D <b> 2 are for protection when the power generation unit 101 is connected in reverse polarity, and normally a Schottky diode with a small voltage drop is used.
The switches PFET1 and PFET2 are P-type FETs, and when the G (gate) potential is lower than the S (source) potential, the S-D (drain) is turned on, and if equal, the S-D is turned off.
The diode D3 protects the 3-terminal power supply 105, the FET_ON / OFF control circuits 106 and 107, and the overall control unit 108 from being damaged when the battery 102 is connected in reverse polarity.
In the FET_ON / OFF control circuits 106 and 107, when the output level is high (+5 V), the transistors TR1 and TR2 are turned on and the switches PFET1 and 2 are turned on, respectively. If the output is at a low level (0 V), the transistors TR1 and TR2 are turned OFF, and the S-G between the switches PFET1 and PFET2 are connected to each other by the resistor R1 or R4, and the switches PFET1 and 2 are turned OFF.

The three-terminal power source 105 is a constant voltage source and outputs, for example, +5 V and is supplied to the FET_ON / OFF control circuits 106 and 107 and the overall control unit 108.
The overall control unit 108 is normally composed of a one-chip microcomputer, and determines the sunset time from the signal from the solar voltage detection unit 109 and controls the drive time of the drive unit 103.
The fuse 110 (5A) protects the switch PFET2 (for example, the allowable current 30A) from being damaged when the positive polarity of the drive unit 103 is short-circuited to the negative polarity (GND).

  The controller 104 of the reference example configured as described above realizes operations a to f illustrated in FIG. That is, an overcharge prevention operation a that detects overcharge (14.7V) and turns off the switch PFET1, an overdischarge prevention operation b that detects overdischarge (11.2V) and turns off the switch PFET2, and a solar voltage Solar voltage measurement preparation operation c for turning off the switch PFET1 at the time of measurement, initial discharge prevention operation d for turning on the switch PFET2 after confirming the normal voltage of the power generation unit 101 (solar panel) (discharging until assembly is completed) No) Solar voltage measurement operation that measures, for example, 1/10 of the solar voltage with an A / D converter of a microcomputer. When the time comes, the lighting of the drive unit 103 (LED lighting fixture) is stopped, or PWM (pulse width modulation) control The drive unit control operation f for changing the brightness of the LED is performed.

  However, in the controller 104 of the reference example configured as described above, when there is an accident in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are short-circuited at the drive unit connection terminals T5 and T6, a current of 100 A flows and the fuse 110 (5A) is blown. Therefore, when returning, it is necessary to replace the fuse 110 after removing the cause of the short circuit.

  In the case of the above short-circuit accident, a certain time is required until the fuse 110 is completely blown, and a current close to 100 A flows between S and D of the switch PFET 2 until the time elapses. Therefore, if the allowable value is 30 A, it will momentarily exceed, and the switch PFET 2 will be damaged or deteriorated.

  In addition, when an accident occurs in which the connection terminals T3 and T4 of the battery 102 are reversely connected, the current from the power generation unit 101 (solar panel) flows between the diode D1 and the S-D of the switch PFET1 and -Since it flows into the pole, if the output current of the power generation unit 101 is larger than the respective allowable currents of the diode D1 (for example, the allowable current 20A) and the switch PFET1 (for example, the allowable current 30A), they may be damaged. Therefore, when returning, it is necessary to replace damaged parts after reversing the reverse connection.

The present invention has been created in view of the above circumstances and has been created for the purpose of solving these problems. The power generation unit converts predetermined energy into electric energy, and is charged by the power generation of the power generation unit. A rechargeable power generation drive system comprising a rechargeable battery, a drive unit driven by using the battery as a power source, and a controller connected to the power generation unit, the battery, and the drive unit, wherein the controller includes the controller A charging current path from a power generation unit connection terminal to which the power generation unit is connected to a battery connection terminal to which the battery is connected; a drive current path from the battery connection terminal to a drive unit connection terminal to which the drive unit is connected; A switch interposed in the charging current path and / or the driving current path; a switch control circuit for controlling ON / OFF of the switch; the power generation unit connection terminal; A current limiting circuit that limits a current flowing through the switch when an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs at the connection terminal and / or the drive unit connection terminal, and a voltage decrease that detects a voltage drop downstream of the switch due to the erroneous connection / short circuit. And a voltage drop detection circuit that turns off the switch and the current limiting circuit in response to voltage drop detection.
The controller also turns off the first switch interposed in the charging current path, the second switch interposed in the drive current path, and turns off the first switch in response to a voltage increase of the battery. A first switch control circuit for preventing overcharge of the battery, a second switch control circuit for preventing overdischarge of the battery by turning off the second switch in response to a voltage drop of the battery, and connection of the power generation unit A first current limiting circuit that limits a current flowing through the first switch when an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs at the terminal and / or the battery connection terminal; and an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs at the drive unit connection terminal. A second current limiting circuit for limiting a current flowing through the two switches, and a first voltage for detecting a voltage drop downstream of the first switch due to the erroneous connection / short circuit. And a second voltage drop detection circuit for detecting a voltage drop downstream of the second switch due to the erroneous connection / short circuit, wherein the first voltage drop detection circuit is configured to detect the voltage drop in response to the voltage drop detection. One switch and the first current limit circuit are turned off, and the second voltage drop detection circuit turns off the second switch and the second current limit circuit in response to voltage drop detection.
In addition, the voltage drop detection circuit includes a notifying means for notifying the erroneous connection / short circuit in response to the voltage drop detection.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the controller includes a current limiting circuit that limits a current flowing through the switch. Therefore, when an erroneous connection or a short circuit occurs in the wiring connection of the controller, the current flowing through the switch is limited. Breakage and deterioration can be prevented. In addition, it is equipped with a voltage drop detection circuit that detects voltage drop downstream of the switch due to incorrect connection or short circuit and turns off the switch and current limit circuit. In addition, the circuit element of the current limiting circuit can be prevented from being damaged. Therefore, when returning from the situation of incorrect connection or short circuit, it is possible to return to the normal state without replacing any parts by correcting the reverse connection or short circuit that is the cause.
According to the invention of claim 2, the same effect can be obtained by the first switch and the second switch of the controller.
In addition, according to the invention of claim 3, erroneous connection and short circuit can be promptly corrected.

It is a block circuit diagram showing a controller of a rechargeable power generation drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the controller of the rechargeable power generation drive system which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and is the block circuit diagram which developed the current limiting circuit and the voltage drop detection circuit in the circuit diagram. It is a circuit diagram which shows the prototype of a current limiting circuit. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram in which a voltage drop detection circuit and an OFF circuit of a current limiting circuit are added to the prototype of the current limiting circuit. It is a connection diagram of a rechargeable power generation drive system. It is a block circuit diagram which shows the controller of the rechargeable electric power generation drive system which concerns on a reference example.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a solar lighting system (rechargeable power generation drive system). The solar lighting system 1 has, as a basic configuration, a solar panel 2 as a power generation unit that converts light energy into electric energy, A rechargeable battery 3 charged by power generation of the solar panel 2, an LED lighting device 4 as a drive unit driven by the battery 3 as a power source, and a controller to which the solar panel 2, the battery 3 and the LED lighting device 4 are connected. 5.

  The controller 5 includes a charging current path 6 from the power generation unit connection terminals T1 and T2 to which the solar panel 2 is connected to the battery connection terminals T3 and T4 to which the battery 3 is connected, and the LED lighting fixture 4 from the battery connection terminals T3 and T4. The drive current path 7 to the drive unit connection terminals T5 and T6 to which the current is connected, the first switch PFET1 interposed in the charging current path 6, the second switch PFET2 interposed in the drive current path 7, and the voltage rise of the battery 3 The first switch control circuit 8 that prevents the battery 3 from being overcharged by turning off the first switch PFET1 in response to the voltage change of the battery 3, and the battery 3 by turning off the second switch PFET2 in response to the voltage drop of the battery 3 The second switch control circuit 9 for preventing overdischarge, the solar voltage detector 10 for detecting the generated voltage of the solar panel 2, and the overall control for controlling them Includes a 11, a 3 and a terminal power source 12 is a constant voltage source.

  In FIG. 1, diodes D1 and D2 are for protection when the solar panel 2 is connected in reverse polarity, and Schottky diodes having a small voltage drop are used. The diode D3 protects the three-terminal power source 12, the switch control circuits 8 and 9, and the overall control unit 11 from being damaged when the battery 3 is connected in reverse polarity.

  The switches PFET1 and PFET2 are P-type FETs, and when the G (gate) potential is lower than the S (source) potential, the S-D (drain) is turned on, and if equal, the S-D is turned off.

  When the output level is high (+5 V), the first and second switch control circuits 8 and 9 turn on the transistors TR1 and TR2, and turn on the switches PFET1 and PFET2, respectively. If the output is at a low level (0 V), the transistors TR1 and TR2 are turned OFF, and the S-G between the switches PFET1 and PFET2 are connected to each other by the resistor R1 or R4, and the switches PFET1 and 2 are turned OFF.

  The three-terminal power source 12 outputs, for example, + 5V, and this is supplied to the first and second switch control circuits 8 and 9 and the overall control unit 11. The overall control unit 11 is configured by using, for example, a one-chip microcomputer, and determines the sunset time based on a signal from the solar voltage detection unit 10 or controls the driving time of the LED lighting apparatus 4.

  The controller 5 configured as described above realizes operations a to f shown in FIG. That is, overcharge prevention operation a that detects overcharge (14.7V) and turns off the first switch PFET1, and overdischarge prevention operation that detects overdischarge (11.2V) and turns off the second switch PFET2. b, solar voltage measurement preparation operation c for turning off the switch PFET 1 during solar voltage measurement, initial discharge prevention operation d for turning on the second switch PFET 2 after confirming the normal voltage of the solar panel 2 (discharge until assembly is completed) The solar voltage measuring operation e.g., measuring 1/10 of the solar voltage with the A / D converter of the microcomputer (overall control unit 11). A drive unit control operation f for changing the brightness of the LED by (width modulation) control is performed.

  Next, a characteristic configuration of the solar lighting system 1 (controller 5) according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the controller 5 of the solar lighting system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the first switch PFET1 when an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs in the power generation unit connection terminals T1, T2 and the battery connection terminals T3, T4. A first current limiting circuit 13 that limits a current flowing through the second switch PFET 2 and a second current limiting circuit 14 that limits a current flowing through the second switch PFET 2 when an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs at the drive unit connection terminals T5 and T6. A first voltage drop detection circuit 15 that detects a voltage drop downstream of the first switch PFET 1 due to a short circuit and turns off the first switch PFET 1 and the first current limiting circuit 13 in response to the voltage drop detection; A voltage drop downstream of the second switch PFET2 due to a short circuit is detected, and the second switch PFET is detected in response to the voltage drop detection. And a second current limiting circuit 14 and a second voltage drop detecting circuit 16 for to OFF.

FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a prototype of the current limiting circuit.
In this figure, Q1 is a PNP transistor, Q2 is an NPN transistor, and Q3 is a switch made of a P-type FET.
When the current I flowing between S and D of the switch Q3 is about 3A, the voltage difference across the resistor R1 is 3A × 0.1Ω = 0.3V.
Since this becomes V _EB of the transistor Q1, the transistor Q1 is in the OFF state. At this time, the terminal C is at a high level, the transistor Q2 is turned on, the G terminal of the switch Q3 is set to about Va / 3, and Q3 is turned on (the voltage applied to the terminal A is Va).
When the current I flowing between S and D of the switch Q3 increases to 5.8A, the voltage difference across the resistor R1 is V _EB = 5.8A × 0.1Ω = 0.58V.
Thus, conduction between the E and C of the transistor Q1 starts, and the voltage V _{G at} the G terminal of the switch Q3 is Va / 3 ≦ VG ≦ Va
Settle down somewhere. Even if the load resistance at the terminal B becomes small (worst case short circuit), the current I does not flow more than 5.8 A and is limited. At this time, attention should be paid to the power consumed by the switch Q3. When the terminal B is GND short-circuited and Va = 12V, (12V−5.8A × 0.1Ω) × 5.8A = 66.2W
If the heat dissipation efficiency is not good, the switch Q3 is damaged.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram in which a voltage drop detection circuit and an OFF circuit of the current limiting circuit are added to the prototype of the current limiting circuit.
Now, it is assumed that Va = + 12V and 3A is flowing between S and D of the switch Q3. The voltage at terminal B is assumed (the resistance between S and D of switch Q3 is 0Ω)
12V-3A × 0.1Ω = 11.7V
It is. In order to turn on the switch Q3, the terminal C is at a high level (+ 5V), the transistor Q2 is turned on, the transistor Q1 is turned off, and the G voltage of the switch Q3 is 11.7V × 1K / (2.2K + 1K) = 3 .7V
It is. The voltage at point D is 0.7V + 3.9K × (5V−0.7V) / (1K + 3.9K) = 4.1V
Therefore, the transistor Q5 is turned on and the transistor Q6 is also turned on. Transistor Q4 is OFF because its collector is 4.1V.

Assuming that the terminal B is short-circuited between GND in the above state, first, a current limiting circuit centering on the transistor Q1 works in the first stage, the current I is limited by 5.8 A, and the G terminal voltage of the switch Q3 is +3 .7V ≦ VG ≦ + 11.7V
Calm somewhere in the range.
At the same time, since the diode D1 is turned ON and the emitter of the transistor Q4 becomes less than + 0.4V, the transistor Q4 is turned ON, and the light emitting diode D4 as the notification means is turned on (terminal B short notification). Further, since the point D becomes + 0.7V or less, the transistor Q5 is turned OFF, the collector thereof is close to + 12V, the transistor Q6 is turned OFF, and the negative feedback loop of the current limiting circuit is opened. Further, since the point D is +0.7 V or less, the transistor Q2 is turned off, the S-D of the switch Q3 becomes the same potential via the resistor R2 (2.2 kΩ), and the switch Q3 is completely turned off. Therefore, the current limiting circuit is only active for a short time. Even if the terminal B is not GND short-circuited (0 V) and becomes -12 V, for example, by reverse connection, the operation of each circuit is exactly the same, and the switch Q3 is immediately turned OFF.

  According to the present embodiment configured as described, the solar panel 2 as a power generation unit that converts predetermined energy into electric energy, the rechargeable battery 3 that is charged by the power generation of the solar panel 2, and the battery 3 A solar lighting system 1 as a rechargeable power generation driving system including an LED lighting device 4 as a drive unit driven as a power source and a controller 5 to which these are connected, and the controller 5 is connected to the solar panel 2. A charging current path 6 from the power generation unit connection terminals T1 and T2 to the battery connection terminals T3 and T4 to which the battery 3 is connected, and a drive unit connection terminal T5 to which the LED lighting apparatus 4 is connected from the battery connection terminals T3 and T4. A drive current path 7 leading to T6, a first switch PFET1 interposed in the charge current path 6, and a second switch PFE interposed in the drive current path 7 2, a first switch control circuit 8 that prevents overcharging of the battery 3 by turning off the first switch PFET 1 according to the voltage increase of the battery 3, and a second switch PFET 2 according to the voltage drop of the battery 3 The second switch control circuit 9 that prevents overdischarge of the battery 3 by turning it OFF, and flows to the first switch PFET 1 when an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs at the power generation unit connection terminals T1, T2 and the battery connection terminals T3, T4 A first current limiting circuit 13 for limiting current, a second current limiting circuit 14 for limiting the current flowing through the second switch PFET2 when an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs at the drive unit connection terminals T5 and T6, and an erroneous connection / short circuit And a voltage drop downstream of the first switch PFET1 is detected, and the first switch PFET1 and the first current limiting circuit are detected in response to the voltage drop detection. The first voltage drop detection circuit 15 that turns off 13 and the voltage drop downstream of the second switch PFET2 due to erroneous connection / short circuit are detected, and the second switch PFET2 and the second current limit circuit 14 are detected in response to the voltage drop detection. Is provided with the second voltage drop detection circuit 16 for turning off the power supply circuit. Therefore, when an erroneous connection or short circuit occurs in the wiring connection of the controller 5, the current flowing through the switches PFET1 and PFET2 is limited, and the switches PFET1 and PFET2 are damaged or deteriorated. Can be prevented.

  In addition, since the voltage drop detection circuits 15 and 16 for detecting the voltage drop downstream of the switches PFET1 and PFET2 due to the erroneous connection or short circuit and turning off the switches PFET1 and PFET2 and the current limiting circuits 13 and 14 are provided, the erroneous connection or short circuit is provided. It is also possible to prevent the current limiting circuits 13 and 14 and / or the circuit elements of the switches PFET1 and PFET2 from being damaged by the long-time operation of the current limiting circuits 13 and 14 under the above situation. Therefore, when returning from the situation of incorrect connection or short circuit, it is possible to return to the normal state without replacing any parts by correcting the reverse connection or short circuit that is the cause.

  Moreover, since the voltage drop detection circuits 15 and 16 are provided with the light emitting diode D4 which alert | reports a misconnection and a short according to a voltage drop detection, it can correct a misconnection and a short circuit quickly.

Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.
For example, in the said embodiment, although the solar cell is used as a power generation part, as long as predetermined energy is converted into an electrical energy, arbitrary generators (for example, wind power generator) can be used.
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the LED lighting fixture is used as a drive part, if it drives with a battery as a power supply, arbitrary drive devices (for example, electric motor) can be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar lighting system 2 Solar panel 3 Battery 4 LED lighting fixture 5 Controller 6 Charging current path 7 Drive current path 8 1st switch control circuit 9 2nd switch control circuit 10 Solar voltage detection part 11 Overall control part 12 3 terminal power supply 13 1st 1 current limit circuit 14 second current limit circuit 15 first voltage drop detection circuit 16 second voltage drop detection circuit PFET1 first switch PFET2 second switch

Claims (3)

A power generation unit that converts predetermined energy into electrical energy;
A rechargeable battery charged by power generation of the power generation unit;
A drive unit driven by using the battery as a power source;
A rechargeable power generation drive system comprising the power generation unit, the battery, and a controller connected to the drive unit,
The controller is
A charging current path from a power generation unit connection terminal to which the power generation unit is connected to a battery connection terminal to which the battery is connected;
A drive current path from the battery connection terminal to a drive unit connection terminal to which the drive unit is connected;
A switch interposed in the charging current path and / or the driving current path;
A switch control circuit for controlling ON / OFF of the switch;
A current limiting circuit that limits a current flowing through the switch when an erroneous connection / short circuit occurs in the power generation unit connection terminal, the battery connection terminal, and / or the drive unit connection terminal;
A voltage drop detection circuit for detecting a voltage drop downstream of the switch due to the erroneous connection / short circuit, and the voltage drop detection circuit turns off the switch and the current limiting circuit in response to the voltage drop detection. A rechargeable power generation drive system. The controller is
A first switch interposed in the charging current path;
A second switch interposed in the drive current path;
A first switch control circuit for preventing overcharging of the battery by turning off the first switch in response to a voltage increase of the battery;
A second switch control circuit for preventing overdischarge of the battery by turning off the second switch in response to a voltage drop of the battery;
A first current limiting circuit that limits a current flowing through the first switch when an erroneous connection / short occurs in the power generation unit connection terminal and / or the battery connection terminal;
A second current limiting circuit for limiting a current flowing through the second switch when an erroneous connection or a short circuit occurs in the drive unit connection terminal;
A first voltage drop detection circuit for detecting a voltage drop downstream of the first switch due to the erroneous connection / short circuit;
A second voltage drop detection circuit for detecting a voltage drop downstream of the second switch due to the erroneous connection / short circuit,
The first voltage drop detection circuit turns off the first switch and the first current limiting circuit in response to voltage drop detection,
The rechargeable power generation drive system according to claim 1, wherein the second voltage drop detection circuit turns off the second switch and the second current limiting circuit in response to voltage drop detection.   3. The rechargeable power generation drive system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage drop detection circuit includes notification means for notifying the erroneous connection / short circuit in response to voltage drop detection.

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