JP2016073084A - Photovoltaic power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a photovoltaic power generation system capable of correcting a deviation of time to be used for controlling operation of a photovoltaic power generation panel.SOLUTION: A photovoltaic power generation system 1 includes a photovoltaic power generation panel 11 whose light receiving surface 11a changes its direction depending on time managed by a timer. Especially, a culmination time estimation unit 76b estimates first culmination time corresponding to time of a timer on the basis of power while estimating second culmination time at a location at which the photovoltaic power generation panel 11 is installed. A time correction unit 76c corrects time of the timer on the basis of the first and second culmination time.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation system.

  There are various power generation means such as hydroelectric power generation. Among them, in recent years, solar power generation has attracted attention from the viewpoint of being environmentally friendly.

  As a technique related to solar power generation, for example, a solar panel system disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be cited. Since the position of the sun changes according to time, in Patent Document 1, the inclination angle of the solar power generation panel is changed according to time so that the light receiving surface of the solar power generation panel faces the sun.

JP2013-142477A

  However, if the time used for the operation control of the photovoltaic power generation panel deviates from the actual time, the panel cannot be operated so that the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic power generation panel always faces the sun. The greater the time difference, the lower the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation panel.

  On the other hand, in order to correct the time lag, it is conceivable that the solar panel system acquires accurate time information via the Internet. However, for example, if the installation location of the system is a place where the Internet is not laid, such as farmland, the system cannot be connected to the Internet, and time information can not be acquired from the outside of the system. Therefore, it is difficult to correct the time lag. Moreover, even if the installation location of the above system is a place where it can be connected to the Internet, grasping accurate time information is related to whether or not it can be connected to the Internet from the viewpoint of the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation panel. This is what is desired.

  This invention is made | formed in view of this point, The objective is to correct | amend the time gap used for operation control of a photovoltaic power generation panel.

  The first aspect of the invention is a photovoltaic power generation panel (11) that converts sunlight into electric power, a time management unit (73) that manages time, and a direction of a light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11). Is changed according to the time managed by the time management unit (73), and the first south-central time with respect to the time managed by the time management unit (73) based on the power , And an estimation unit (76b) for estimating a second south / middle time which is a south / middle time at the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11), and the estimated first south / middle time and the second A solar power generation system comprising: a correction unit (76c) that corrects a time managed by the time management unit (73) based on a south / central time.

  As a result, the time difference managed by the time management unit (73) is corrected. Therefore, the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) can be changed according to the exact time.

  A second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the estimation unit (76b) uses the longitude at the installation point of the photovoltaic panel (11) when estimating the second south-central time. It is a solar power generation system.

  Thereby, the direction of the light-receiving surface (11a) of the solar power generation panel (11) can be changed according to the exact time according to the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11).

  According to a third invention, in the first invention or the second invention, an average time transition of electric power per day according to electric power converted by the solar power generation panel (11) during a plurality of days. A data calculation unit (76d) that obtains transition data indicating that the estimation unit (76b) estimates that the time with the highest power is the first south-intermediate time based on the transition data It is a solar power generation system characterized by.

  The generated power of the solar power generation panel (11) varies depending on the month and day even at the same time due to various factors such as season and weather. On the other hand, this solar power generation system (1) obtains an average time transition of power per day according to the power converted by the solar power generation panel (11), for example, during one year. Based on the above, the time at which the power is highest is calculated, and the time is estimated as the first South-Central time. As a result, the average first south-intermediate time can be grasped while taking into account the influence of the season and weather.

  A fourth invention is a solar power generation system according to any one of the first to third inventions, wherein the solar power generation system is not connected to the Internet.

  Thereby, even if it installs in the environment where a solar power generation system (1) cannot connect to the internet, the time gap which a time management part (73) manages is corrected.

  According to the present invention, since the time lag is corrected, the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) can be changed according to the exact time.

  Moreover, according to the said 2nd invention, the direction of the light-receiving surface (11a) of a photovoltaic power generation panel (11) changes according to the exact time according to the installation point of a photovoltaic power generation panel (11). Can do.

  Further, according to the third aspect of the invention, the average first south-intermediate time can be grasped taking into account the influence of the season and weather.

  Moreover, according to the said 4th invention, even if it installs in the environment where a solar power generation system (1) cannot connect to the internet, the time shift which a time management part (73) manages is correct | amended.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a side view of the first solar panel unit. FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically showing the configuration of the first solar panel unit and its peripheral devices. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of the photovoltaic power generation panel, the actuator unit, and the microcomputer according to the first solar panel unit. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the transition of the average power per day while plotting the power generation amount for one year for each time. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a flow of a time correction operation managed by the timer.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The following embodiments are essentially preferable examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, its application, or its use.

<Embodiment>
<Overview>
As shown in FIG. 1, the solar power generation system (1) according to this embodiment includes a plurality of solar panel units (10) each having a solar power generation panel (11). The plurality of solar panel units (10) are arranged at substantially equal intervals on a straight line extending in the east-west direction and so that the rotation axes (S) of the solar power generation panels (11) are parallel to each other. That is, the rotation axis (S) faces in the north-south direction. The solar power generation panel (11) of each solar panel unit (10) swings in the east-west direction, and the swing angle changes according to the time in accordance with the movement of the sun.

  In such a solar panel unit (10), power is generated using sunlight. The generated power is integrated on the power line as shown in FIG. 3 and supplied to the power load (91) via the power conditioner (90). At this time, the generated power (DC power) is converted into AC power by the power conditioner (90).

  In the following, for convenience of explanation, the electric power generated by each solar power generation panel (11) and integrated on the power line is simply referred to as “generated power of the solar power generation panel (11)”.

  In particular, the photovoltaic power generation system (1) according to this embodiment is installed on farmland. Therefore, the solar power generation system (1) is not connected to the Internet. That is, the solar power generation system (1) is constructed in an environment where arbitrary information cannot be acquired from a server or the like via the Internet. Even in such a state, the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) of the present embodiment can take a swing angle corresponding to an accurate time.

<Configuration>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the solar power generation system (1) mainly includes an actuator unit (50) corresponding to a panel drive unit, a link mechanism (60) in addition to the above-described solar panel unit (10). ) And a controller (70).

<Solar panel unit>
Each solar panel unit (10) mainly includes a solar power generation panel (11) and a support frame (12). Each solar panel unit (10) has the same configuration.

  The solar power generation panel (11) is formed in a plate shape, and one surface (upper surface) is a sunlight receiving surface (11a). Each photovoltaic power generation panel (11) generates power by converting sunlight received by the light receiving surface (11a) into DC power. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 2, each photovoltaic power generation panel (11) is inclined and supported by the support frame (12) so as to be higher toward the north side.

  As shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, two crosspiece members (15a, 15b) are being fixed to the back surface (lower surface) of a photovoltaic power generation panel (11). The crosspieces (15a, 15b) are arranged away from each other in parallel in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis (S).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the support frame (12) is provided corresponding to each photovoltaic power generation panel (11), and each photovoltaic power generation panel (11) can be rotated around the rotation axis (S). To support. As shown in FIG. 2, the support frame (12) has two joint members (13), a support member (14), and a support column (19). The support member (14) is a member that supports the photovoltaic power generation panel (11), and is formed of a lip groove type rope (C type rope) or a channel rope having a predetermined length. The two joint members (13) are rotatably mounted near both ends of the support member (14) so as to be aligned on the same straight line, and are fixed to the crosspiece members (15a, 15b). Thereby, a photovoltaic power generation panel (11) can rotate around a rotating shaft (S).

  The support column (19) is fixed to the support member (14) by a fixing bracket (19a). The column (19) is a cylindrical steel material, and its lower end (the end of the column (19) opposite to the fixing bracket (19a)) is embedded in the ground (see FIG. 4).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the solar panel unit (10) having such a configuration includes one first solar panel unit (10a) provided with an actuator unit (50) and an actuator unit (50). A plurality of second solar panel units (10b) that are not provided. In addition, in FIG. 1, the case where two 2nd solar panel units (10b) are provided is illustrated. A link mechanism (60) is connected to the first and second solar panel units (10a, 10b). Accordingly, the solar power generation panel (11) of each second solar panel unit (10b) is driven in synchronization with the operation of the solar power generation panel (11) of the first solar panel unit (10a).

<Actuator unit>
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the actuator unit (50) includes an actuator (51), a transmission mechanism (53), an air compressor (54), an air tank (55), and an electromagnetic valve (56).

  The actuator (51) is a rotary pneumatic actuator, and rotates the output shaft (51a) of FIG. 2 by air pressure. The transmission mechanism (53) is constituted by a crank mechanism, and swings the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) around the rotation axis (S) according to the rotation of the output shaft (51a). The air compressor (54) compresses and discharges air, and the air tank (55) stores the discharged air. The electromagnetic valve (56) adjusts the rotation angle of the output shaft (51a) of the actuator (51) by adjusting the supply of the discharged air to the actuator (51).

  The actuator unit (50) having such a configuration operates at a predetermined time, thereby changing the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) according to the time.

<Link mechanism>
As shown in FIG. 1, the link mechanism (60) includes a link member (17) and a connecting rod (61).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the link member (17) is formed by combining plate-like members in a triangular shape, and is fixed to the crosspiece member (15b). The plate-like member (17a), which is one of the members constituting the link member (17), extends vertically downward with respect to the photovoltaic power generation panel (11).

  The connecting rod (61) is a tubular member that connects the link members (17) to each other. As shown in FIG. 1, the connecting rod (61) is rotatably pin-connected near the lower end of the plate-like member (17a) of the link member (17). When the photovoltaic panel (11) of the first solar panel unit (10a) swings, the plate member (17a) swings around the rotation axis (S) together with the panel (11), and the connecting rod Displacement in the east-west direction (see FIG. 1). As a result, the solar power generation panel (11) of each second solar panel unit (10b) also swings. That is, the solar power generation panel (11) of each second solar panel unit (10) operates by sharing the actuator (51), and the solar power generation panel (11) of the first solar panel unit (10a). ) Synchronized with the operation.

<Controller>
As shown in FIG. 3, the controller (70) includes a current sensor (71), a voltage sensor (72), a timer (73) corresponding to a time management unit, and a microcomputer (74).

  The current sensor (71) detects a current accompanying the generated power of the solar power generation panel (11). The voltage sensor (72) detects a voltage associated with the generated power. The timer (73) manages the time used in the swinging operation of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11), and outputs the time to the microcomputer (74).

  As shown in FIG. 4, the microcomputer (74) includes a memory (75) and a CPU (76). As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the microcomputer (74) is connected to a current sensor (71), a voltage sensor (72), a timer (73), a solenoid valve (56), and an angle sensor (not shown). The microcomputer (74) is connected to a power line that connects the solar power generation panel (11) and the power conditioner (90). The microcomputer (74) operates using the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) as a power source.

  Based on the detection results of the sensors (71, 72) and the time output from the timer (73), the microcomputer (74) responds to the desired time of the orientation of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11). The degree of opening of the solenoid valve (56) is controlled so as to change. However, if the output time of the timer (73) deviates from the actual time due to a failure of the timer (73) or the like, the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) is relative to the actual time. There may be cases where the desired orientation is not achieved. Then, the generated power of the solar power generation panel (11) is not appropriate power, and the power generation efficiency may be reduced.

  Therefore, the microcomputer (74) according to the present embodiment, in addition to the function of controlling the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11), sets the time output by the timer (73) to the photovoltaic power generation panel. It has a function of correcting using the generated power of (11).

  In order to realize these functions, the memory (75) stores the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) and the like. The CPU (76) functions as a tracking operation unit (76a), a south / central time estimation unit (76b) corresponding to an estimation unit, a time correction unit (76c) corresponding to a correction unit, and a data calculation unit (76d). The generated power of the solar power generation panel (11) is obtained by the CPU (76) multiplying the detection results of the current sensor (71) and the voltage sensor (72).

  Specifically, the memory (75) associates the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) per unit time (for example, 1 minute) with time information indicating the time output by the timer (73) for one year. Remember. The unit time may be determined as appropriate, and may be 1 minute, for example. Further, the memory (75) stores in advance the longitude of the installation point of each photovoltaic power generation panel (11) as position information. Note that the position information writing operation to the memory (75) is performed by a worker using a terminal (not shown) when the solar power generation system (1) is installed, for example.

  The tracking operation unit (76a) causes the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) to keep facing the sun based on the detection result of the angle sensor (not shown) and the time output by the timer (73). (Tracking operation), controlling the actuator unit (50). In the tracking operation, a target value of the swing angle (tilt angle) taken by the light receiving surface (11a) is predetermined for each time. When the output time of the timer (73) reaches a predetermined time, the tracking operation unit (76a) controls the opening of the electromagnetic valve (56) until the output result of an angle sensor (not shown) reaches a target value. As a result, the actuator unit (50) is driven.

  The South / Central time estimation unit (76b) periodically estimates two South / Central times. Specifically, the south / intermediate time estimation unit (76b) is configured to perform a first south / intermediate time with respect to the time output by the timer (73) based on the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) stored in the memory (75). Is estimated. Furthermore, the south / middle time estimation unit (76b) calculates the second south / middle time, which is the south / middle time at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11), based on the position information of each photovoltaic power generation panel (11). presume.

  The time correction unit (76c) periodically corrects the time managed and output by the timer (73). Specifically, the time correction unit (76c) corrects the time output by the timer (73) based on the first south / middle time and the second south / middle time estimated by the south / middle time estimation unit (76b). .

  The data calculation unit (76d) processes the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) for each unit time for estimation of the first south-central time. Specifically, the data calculation unit (76d) performs a day as indicated by a solid line in FIG. 5 according to the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) during a plurality of days (here, one year). The average time transition of the generated power per unit (hereinafter referred to as transition data) is obtained. FIG. 5 is an example in which the amount of generated power, which is the power generated during one minute unit time, is plotted for each corresponding time t and displayed for one year. The solid line in FIG. 5 is obtained by connecting the average values of the generated power at each time t plotted with a line, and represents the average time transition of the generated power for one day.

<Time correction operation managed by timer>
Next, the time correction operation managed and output by the timer (73) will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

  First, the data calculation unit (76d) resets the time t (sets to “0:00”) (step S1). The time t is a time that has been output by the timer (73) in the past, and is a time that is used to obtain a time transition of the generated power. Here, a case will be described as an example in which transition data in which the generated power changes every minute is obtained. For example, the time t is advanced by 1 minute from midnight to 24:00 in the night.

  Until the time t reaches 1440 indicating 24:00 (No in step S2), the data calculation unit (76d) extracts the power data indicating the generated power at the time t from the memory (75) for one year. The moving average is calculated from the extracted power data, and the calculation result is written in the memory (75) (step S3). For example, if the moving average is calculated when the time t is “10:00”, the data calculation unit (75d) extracts the generated power at “10:00” for 365 days, and 365 days when it is extracted. Calculate the moving average of minutes. After calculating the one-year moving average of the generated power at time t, the data calculation unit (75d) increments time t (step S4). That is, after calculating the moving average at time “10:00”, the data calculation unit (75d) calculates the moving average of the generated power for one year at “10:00” which is time t + 1. The operations in steps S3 and S4 are repeated until the time t passes 24:00.

  When the time t has passed 24:00 (Yes in step S2), the data calculation unit (76d) approximately represents the result obtained in step S3 with a quadratic expression (step S5). This quadratic expression is an expression representing the transition data of the generated power per day indicated by the solid line in FIG.

  Next, the south / central time estimation unit (76b) differentiates the transition data (secondary expression) obtained in step S5, and calculates a time t at which the differential value becomes “0”. The south / central time estimation unit (76b) determines the calculated time t as the first south / central time CT_calc with respect to the time managed by the timer (73) (step S6). The time t when the differential value becomes “0” is an inflection point of the quadratic expression, and can be said to be the time when the generated power is the highest. Therefore, the south / middle time estimation unit (76b) can easily estimate the first south / middle time CT_calc based on the differential value of the quadratic expression.

  Further, the south / central time estimation unit (76b) takes out position information, which is the longitude at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11), from the memory (75), and obtains the numerical value “135” representing the longitude of the Japanese standard time meridian. The longitude difference dx is calculated by subtracting from (step S7). Next, the south / intermediate time estimation unit (76b) calculates the south / intermediate time shift dt that indicates how much the south / central time shifts from noon (12:00) at the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11). It calculates using the longitude difference dx calculated | required by step S7 (step S8). Specifically, since the South-Central time is shifted by about 1 hour with a longitude difference of “about 15 degrees”, the South-Central time estimating unit (76b) is configured to detect the time difference dt of the South-Central time at the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11). Is calculated by the calculation of “(60 × dx) / 15”. Then, the south / middle time estimation unit (76b) calculates the theoretical south / middle time (that is, the second south / middle time) CT at the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11) using the deviation dt obtained in step S8. , “12: 00 + dt” is calculated (step S9).

  Next, the time correction unit (76c) subtracts the first south / intermediate time CT_calc estimated in step S6 from the second south / intermediate time CT obtained in step S9 (CT-CT_calc), and outputs the timer (73). A correction value revT for correcting the present time presentT is obtained (step S10). The time correction unit (76c) corrects the time presentT output from the timer (73) by adding the correction value revT to the time presentT output from the timer (73) (step S11). Thereby, the corrected time becomes an accurate time. The corrected time obtained in this way is newly managed by the timer (73) and used in the control of the actuator unit (50) by the tracking operation unit (76a).

  The time correction operation described above is preferably performed periodically. For example, the time correction operation is performed about once a year.

<Effect>
The photovoltaic power generation system (1) of the present embodiment estimates the first south / central time CT_calc with respect to the time managed by the timer (73) based on the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11), and A second south / middle time CT that is the south / middle time at the installation point of the panel (11) is estimated. Then, the solar power generation system (1) corrects the time presentT managed by the timer (73) based on the estimated first south-intermediate time CT_calc and second south-intermediate time CT. Thereby, since the shift of the time presentT output from the timer (73) is corrected, the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) can be changed according to the exact time. Therefore, the solar power generation panel (11) can generate appropriate power.

  In addition, the longitude at the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11) is used in estimating the second south-central time CT. Therefore, the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the solar power generation panel (11) can be changed according to the exact time corresponding to the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11).

  Further, the generated power of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) varies depending on the month and day even at the same time due to various factors such as season and weather. On the other hand, this solar power generation system (1) calculates an average time transition of power per day, for example, according to the power converted by the solar power generation panel (11) during one year, Based on this, the time at which the power is highest is calculated, and the time is estimated as the first south-central time CT_calc. As a result, the average first south-intermediate time CT_calc can be ascertained taking into account the influence of the season and weather.

  In particular, the solar power generation system (1) is installed in an environment not connected to the Internet. Thus, even in an environment not connected to the Internet, the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) can be changed according to an accurate time.

<< Other Embodiments >>
About the said embodiment, it is good also as the following structures.

  The number of photovoltaic power generation panels (11) may be one.

  The power generated by the solar power generation panel (11) may be calculated by a device other than the microcomputer (74).

  When estimating the second south-central time CT, the longitude at the installation point of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) may not necessarily be used.

  The first south-intermediate time CT_calc may be estimated by another method without using the average generated power transition data per day.

  The solar power generation system (1) may be installed in an environment connectable to the Internet. That is, even if it can be connected to the Internet, the photovoltaic power generation system (1) corrects the time presentT managed by the timer (73) without acquiring the time information via the Internet, thereby correcting the timer (73 ) May be corrected.

  As described above, the present invention is useful as a solar power generation system for correcting a time lag used in operation control of a solar power generation panel.

1 Solar power generation system
11 Solar power panel
50 Actuator
73 Timer (Time Management Department)
76b South / Central Time Estimator (Estimator)
76c Time correction unit (correction unit)
76d Data calculator
73 Timer (Time Management Department)

Claims (4)

A solar panel (11) that converts sunlight into electricity;
A time management unit (73) for managing time;
A panel drive unit (50) that changes the direction of the light receiving surface (11a) of the photovoltaic power generation panel (11) according to the time managed by the time management unit (73);
Based on the power, the first south / intermediate time relative to the time managed by the time management unit (73) is estimated, and the second south is the south / central time at the installation point of the solar power generation panel (11). An estimation unit (76b) for estimating the middle time;
A solar power generation system comprising: a correction unit (76c) that corrects the time managed by the time management unit (73) based on the estimated first and second south / middle times . In claim 1,
The estimation unit (76b) uses a longitude at an installation point of the photovoltaic panel (11) when estimating the second south-central time. In claim 1 or 2,
A data calculation unit (76d) for obtaining transition data indicating an average time transition of power per day according to the power converted by the solar power generation panel (11) during a plurality of days,
Further comprising
The estimation unit (76b) estimates, based on the transition data, a time when the power is highest as the first south-central time. In any one of Claims 1-3,
The solar power generation system is characterized in that it is not connected to the Internet.

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