JP2016052940A - Garbage collector - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve engine fuel economy during loading operation of garbage, in a garbage collector.SOLUTION: A garbage collector is configured to sequentially take a detection value of a pressure sensor 52, and calculate engine rotation speed control voltage for controlling a rotation speed of an engine 40 so that torque applied to the engine 40 by a PTO 41 becomes constant, based on the taken values of the pressure sensor 52. When the engine rotation speed by the calculated engine rotation speed control voltage exceeds a predetermined engine rotation speed, an excess portion is cut so that the rotation speed becomes the predetermined engine rotation speed, and when the engine rotation speed is equal to or less than the predetermined engine rotation speed, cut is not performed, the engine rotation speed control voltage is outputted by analog output and then is outputted to a controller 42 of the engine 40.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage collection vehicle including a dust loading device that pushes dust put into a dust box into a dust storage box.

  Conventionally, a dust storage box mounted on a chassis and having a rear opening, a dust input box connected to the rear opening of the dust storage box, and a dust input box provided in the dust input box, are input into the dust input box. There is known a dust collection vehicle including a dust loading device for pushing the collected dust into a dust storage box.

  For example, the refuse collection vehicle of Patent Document 1 includes a power take-out device that is driven by an engine of a chassis and a hydraulic pump that is driven by the power take-out device and supplies energy for driving the dust loading device.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-570001

  In a conventional garbage collection vehicle, the engine is controlled at a constant speed in normal hydraulic control. When the hydraulic pump is a gear pump having a constant discharge capacity, a constant flow rate is always maintained as shown by a solid line in FIG. Exhaled. For this reason, energy is wasted because the same amount of hydraulic oil always flows even at high loads.

  Further, in the piston pump as in Patent Document 1, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 5, the normal hydraulic control performs the two-pressure control, and when the predetermined high load (pressure P1) is reached, the flow rate is reduced on the hydraulic pump side. Control to decrease. Even in this case, useless energy is still consumed.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to improve the fuel efficiency of the engine during the operation of loading garbage.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, engine speed control is performed according to the load during loading operation.

Specifically, in the first invention,
A garbage storage box mounted on a chassis and having a rear opening;
A dust input box connected to the rear opening of the dust storage box;
A dust collection vehicle provided with the dust throwing box and having a dust loading device for pushing the dust thrown into the dust throwing box into the dust storage box,
A power take-off device driven by the engine of the chassis;
A hydraulic pump that is driven by the power take-off device and supplies energy for driving at least the dust loading device;
A pressure sensor for detecting the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump;
A body-side control device that continuously takes in the detection value of the pressure sensor and outputs a control voltage continuously to the controller of the engine;
The bodywork side control device is
From the value of the pressure sensor, calculate an engine speed control voltage for controlling the engine speed so that the torque applied to the engine by the power take-off device becomes constant,
When the calculated engine speed by the engine speed control voltage exceeds the predetermined engine speed, the excess is cut so as to become the predetermined engine speed, and when the engine speed is less than the predetermined engine speed, the engine speed is cut. Without
The engine speed control voltage is analogly output and output to the engine controller.

  According to the above configuration, the engine speed control voltage is calculated so that the torque applied to the engine becomes constant from the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump continuously taken in from the pressure sensor, and the engine speed is set to the predetermined engine at high load. By reducing the rotation so as to rotate, wasteful energy consumption can be appropriately suppressed.

In the second invention, in the first invention,
When the calculated engine speed control voltage exceeds a predetermined engine speed, the bodywork-side control device cuts the excess so that the predetermined engine speed is reached, and does not cut the excess. A change-over switch that enables switching between the normal mode is provided.

  According to the above configuration, by providing the changeover switch, it is possible to easily switch between the normal mode in which the engine speed is constant and the energy saving mode in which the speed is changed according to the load depending on the situation.

In the third invention,
A garbage storage box mounted on a chassis and having a rear opening;
A dust input box connected to the rear opening of the dust storage box;
A dust loading device that is provided in the dust throwing box and pushes the dust thrown into the dust throwing box into the dust storage box;
A power take-off device driven by the engine of the chassis;
A hydraulic pump that is driven by the power take-off device and supplies energy for driving at least the dust loading device;
A method for controlling a garbage truck including a pressure sensor for detecting a discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump,
An input process for continuously capturing the detection value of the pressure sensor;
A voltage calculation step of calculating an engine speed control voltage for controlling the engine speed so that the torque applied to the engine by the power take-off device becomes constant from the value of the taken-in pressure sensor;
When the calculated engine speed by the engine speed control voltage exceeds the predetermined engine speed, the excess is cut so as to become the predetermined engine speed, and when the engine speed is equal to or lower than the predetermined engine speed, the cut is not performed. Adjustment process;
An output process for outputting the engine speed control voltage in an analog manner and transmitting the analog output to the controller of the engine.

  Even in the above configuration, usually, the engine speed control voltage is calculated so that the torque applied to the engine becomes constant from the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump continuously taken in from the pressure sensor, and the engine speed is adjusted under a high load. By reducing it, useless energy consumption can be suppressed appropriately.

In the fourth invention, in the third invention,
The engine is maintained at idling speed so that the theoretical flow rate becomes zero at the maximum load of the dust loader.

  According to the above configuration, in order to keep the torque applied to the engine as constant as possible, it is necessary to change the rotational speed in inverse proportion to the change in pressure. For this reason, at the maximum load, the flow rate is theoretically controlled to be close to zero.

  As described above, according to the present invention, when the engine speed by the calculated engine speed control voltage exceeds a predetermined engine speed, the excess is cut so as to become the predetermined engine speed, By not cutting when the engine speed is lower than the predetermined engine speed, it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency of the engine during the dust loading operation.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of the refuse collection vehicle which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the outline | summary of a refuse collection vehicle. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a garbage truck. It is a flowchart which shows the control method of the garbage truck which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the pressure and flow volume in the case of a gear pump. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the pressure and flow volume in the case of a piston pump.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 2 shows a refuse collection vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a packer system 60 for collecting and discharging dust is provided on a chassis 2 of the dust collection vehicle 1. An engine 40 for driving the traveling and packer system 60 is mounted on the chassis 2. The configuration of the packer system 60 will be described in detail below.

  A dust container 3 is mounted on a chassis 2 of the garbage truck 1. In the rear opening 4 of the dust container 3, there is provided a dust throwing box 6 pivotally supported by a throwing box support pin 5 above. This dust throwing box 6 is configured to be rotatable around a throwing box support pin 5 by a turning cylinder 9 provided between the dust storage box 3 and the dust throwing box 6.

  A throwing port 7 is opened at the rear of the dust throwing box 6, and a dust loading device 30 is provided in the inside. The dust loading device 30 is for compressing and loading the dust 55 put into the dust throwing box 6 through the filling port 7 into the dust containing box 3.

  Although not shown in detail, the dust loading device 30 includes a push plate 10 whose middle portion is supported by the side wall of the dust throwing box 6 and swings one end side in the front-rear direction, and a rod 13a at the other end of the push plate 10. The tip of the cylinder is rotatably supported and the pushing cylinder 13 is operated, the rotating plate 15 is rotatable with the base end as a fulcrum, and is connected to the rotating plate 15 via a speed reducer. And a hydraulic motor 14 for rotation. The dust thrown into the dust throwing box 6 is compressed and loaded into the dust storage box 3 by the cooperation of the rotation operation of the rotating plate 15 configured as described above and the swinging action of the pushing plate 10.

  Further, for example, a discharge plate 17 is slidably disposed in the dust container box 3 in the front-rear direction. The discharge plate 17 is a plate-like body formed to have substantially the same width and height as the dust storage box 3 and slides back and forth in the dust storage box 3 by the expansion and contraction operation of the discharge cylinder 16. ing.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the refuse collection vehicle 1 includes a hydraulic pump 51 that supplies energy for driving the packer system 60. The hydraulic pump 51 is, for example, a variable capacity pump such as a swash plate plunger pump (piston pump), and can change the discharge amount by changing the rotation speed or changing the swash plate.

  FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of the hydraulic circuit of the garbage truck 1 according to this embodiment. As shown in the figure, in the hydraulic circuit 61, for example, the rotation cylinder 9, the push cylinder 13, the hydraulic motor 14, and the discharge cylinder 16 are respectively hydraulically controlled. Each hydraulic actuator is connected to a hydraulic pressure switching unit 63 via a hydraulic pipe 61c. The hydraulic pressure switching unit 63 includes a plurality of electromagnetic valves (not shown), and supplies hydraulic oil discharged from the hydraulic pump 51 to a desired hydraulic actuator by switching the open / close ports of the electromagnetic valves. Thus, the switching of the expansion / contraction operation of the cylinder rod and the rotation operation of the hydraulic motor 14 is controlled, or the operation is stopped.

  The hydraulic circuit 61 includes a hydraulic tank 62 that stores hydraulic oil, and is configured to suck up the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic tank 62 by the hydraulic pump 51, distribute the hydraulic oil to the supply-side hydraulic pipe 61 a, and supply the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic pressure switching unit 63. Has been. The hydraulic pressure switching unit 63 is controlled by the bodywork side control device 50 so that the hydraulic oil is returned to the hydraulic tank 62 through the hydraulic piping 61b.

  The garbage collection vehicle 1 includes a PTO 41 as a power transmission device driven by the engine 40 of the chassis 2. The PTO 41 takes out the power of the engine 40 when the power is turned on, and drives the hydraulic pump 51. The engine 40 has a controller 42, and the controller 42 controls the rotational speed.

  In the present embodiment, for example, a pressure sensor 52 that detects the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 51 is provided at the position of the hydraulic pipe 61a. The pressure sensor 52 can continuously take in and output the pressure of the hydraulic pump 51. The garbage collection vehicle 1 includes a body-side control device 50 that continuously takes in the detection value of the pressure sensor 52 and outputs a voltage continuously to the controller 42 of the engine 40.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the bodywork side control device 50 is configured so that, for example, RS485 is provided on a conventional printed circuit board so that analog output can be performed in accordance with the continuous pressure change obtained by the pressure sensor 52. An analog output board 53 having a communication function is combined. Specifically, the bodywork side control device 50 calculates an engine speed control voltage for controlling the speed of the engine 40 so that the torque applied to the engine 40 by the PTO 41 is constant from the value of the pressure sensor 52. It is configured as follows.

The pump discharge amount Q [cm ³ ] is calculated by the following equation (1).

Here, ηv is the volumetric efficiency of the pump, q is the displacement volume [cm ³ / rev] when the pump rotates once, and N is the input rotational speed [rpm].

  Torque L [Nm] related to the engine is calculated by the following equation (2).

Here, P is the discharge pressure [MPa], and η is the pump efficiency.

  q is determined by the hydraulic pump 51, and ηv and η are small changes compared to P and N. If neglected, in order to make the torque L constant, N should be changed in inverse proportion to the change in P. I know it ’s good. From this, as shown in FIG. 5, when no load is applied, the rotation of the engine 40 is set to a normal rotation speed (10 to 11 seconds per cycle), and the theoretical flow rate is controlled to be 0 at the maximum load. It is configured. At this time, the idling speed or the engine allowable torque is a reference for the lower limit value.

  In addition, the garbage collection vehicle 1 has an energy saving mode in which the bodywork side control device 50 cuts an excess amount so that the calculated engine speed control voltage exceeds a predetermined engine speed when the calculated engine speed control voltage exceeds the predetermined engine speed. And a change-over switch 43 (shown only in FIG. 1) that can be switched between the normal mode that does not cut the excess.

  Next, the control method of the garbage truck 1 according to the present embodiment will be specifically described with reference to FIG.

  First, in step S01, it is determined whether the PTO mode is set. If the power of the PTO 41 is on, the process proceeds to step S02.

  In step S02, it is determined whether the mode is the normal mode or the energy saving mode. If the change-over switch 43 is in the normal mode position, the process proceeds to step S03, and control is performed at a constant engine speed as before. If it is the energy saving mode, the process proceeds to step S04.

  In step S04, it is determined whether the loading mode or the discharging mode. If the discharge mode is to drive the discharge plate 17, the efficiency is adversely affected if the energy saving mode is controlled, so that the process proceeds to step S <b> 05 and the engine speed is controlled at a constant rotation. If the loading mode is to drive the garbage loading device 30, the process proceeds to step S06.

  In the input process of step S06, the value of the pressure sensor 52 is read. The detection value of the pressure sensor 52 is input to the analog input port of the bodywork side control device 50.

  Next, in the voltage calculation process of step S07, the value of the input rotation speed N is calculated so that the torque becomes constant using the equation (2) with respect to the detected pressure value that is continuously input. In order to obtain the input speed N, an engine speed control voltage for analog output to the controller 42 of the engine 40 is calculated.

  Next, in the adjustment process of step S08, when the engine speed based on the calculated engine speed control voltage exceeds the engine speed during normal operation, the excess is cut so as to become the engine speed during normal operation. If it is less than the engine speed during operation, it will not be cut. Thus, in the energy saving mode, the rotation speed is changed depending on the load.

  Next, in the output step of step S09, the engine speed control voltage is analog-output from the calculation result and transmitted to the controller 42 of the engine 40.

  Then, in step S10, the rotational speed of the engine 40 changes.

  This control is continuously performed while the loading operation is performed.

  In this way, normally, the engine speed control voltage is calculated so that the torque applied to the engine 40 is constant from the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump 51 continuously taken in from the pressure sensor 52, and the rotation of the engine 40 at high load is calculated. Reduce the number. As shown in FIG. 5, by changing the two-stage change (shown by the solid line) that has been changed by the normal hydraulic control steplessly (shown by the broken line), the wasteful energy consumption of the portion shown by hatching can be reduced. It can be suppressed appropriately.

  Further, the bodywork side control device 50 keeps the engine 40 at the idling rotational speed so that the theoretical flow rate becomes zero at the maximum load of the dust loading device 30.

  Furthermore, by providing the changeover switch 43, it is possible to easily switch between the normal mode in which the engine 40 rotational speed is constant and the energy saving mode in which the rotational speed is changed by a load.

  Therefore, according to the refuse collection vehicle 1 according to the present embodiment, the torque applied to the engine 40 via the PTO 41 can be reduced, so that the fuel consumption of the engine 40 during the dust loading operation can be significantly improved.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention may be configured as follows with respect to the above embodiment.

  That is, in the above embodiment, the case where the dust loading device 30 is a so-called rotary type has been described, but the sliding plate is reciprocated by the expansion and contraction operation of the sliding cylinder, and the compression plate at the lower end of the sliding plate is swung. You may comprise so that it may rock | fluctuate back and forth by the expansion-contraction operation | movement of a cylinder. Moreover, the garbage collection vehicle which has a planetary gear type dust loading device may be sufficient. Even in these cases, the fuel consumption of the engine 40 during the loading operation of the dust can be remarkably improved.

  In the above embodiment, the bodywork side control device 50 is configured by combining an analog output board having an RS485 communication function with a conventional printed board, but the 24 V input is used for normal or energy saving mode, loading or discharging discrimination. It is good also as a single board | substrate which can output analog at two points.

  In the above embodiment, the hydraulic pump 51 is a swash plate type plunger pump, but may be a gear pump. In this case, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 6, excessive energy that has been wasted in the past can be obtained by continuously changing the oil that was flowing the same amount even at high load as shown by the broken line. Loss (indicated by hatching) can be prevented.

  In addition, the above embodiment is an essentially preferable illustration, Comprising: It does not intend restrict | limiting the range of this invention, its application thing, or a use.

  As described above, the present invention is useful for a garbage collection vehicle having a dust loading device powered by a hydraulic pump.

1 Garbage truck
2 chassis
3 Garbage storage box
4 Rear opening
5 Input box support pin
6 Dust input box
7 slot
9 Rotating cylinder
10 Sliding plate
13 Push cylinder
14 Hydraulic motor
15 Rotating plate
16 Discharge cylinder
17 Discharge plate
30 Waste loading device
40 engine
41 PTO (power take-off device)
42 Controller
43 selector switch
50 Bodywork side controller
51 Hydraulic pump
52 Pressure sensor
53 Analog output board
55 Garbage
60 packer system
61 Hydraulic circuit
61a Hydraulic piping
61b Hydraulic piping
61c Hydraulic piping
62 Hydraulic tank
63 Hydraulic switch

Claims (4)

A garbage storage box mounted on a chassis and having a rear opening;
A dust input box connected to the rear opening of the dust storage box;
A dust collection vehicle provided with the dust throwing box and having a dust loading device for pushing the dust thrown into the dust throwing box into the dust storage box,
A power take-off device driven by the engine of the chassis;
A hydraulic pump that is driven by the power take-off device and supplies energy for driving at least the dust loading device;
A pressure sensor for detecting the discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump;
A body-side control device that continuously takes in the detection value of the pressure sensor and outputs a control voltage continuously to the controller of the engine;
The bodywork side control device is
From the value of the pressure sensor, calculate an engine speed control voltage for controlling the engine speed so that the torque applied to the engine by the power take-off device becomes constant,
When the calculated engine speed by the engine speed control voltage exceeds the predetermined engine speed, the excess is cut so as to become the predetermined engine speed, and when the engine speed is less than the predetermined engine speed, the engine speed is cut. Without
A garbage collection vehicle configured to output the engine speed control voltage in an analog manner and output the analog output to a controller of the engine. The refuse collection vehicle of claim 1,
An energy-saving mode in which the excess control unit cuts the excess so that the calculated engine speed control voltage exceeds the predetermined engine speed when the calculated engine speed control voltage exceeds the predetermined engine speed, and the excess is not cut A garbage collection vehicle comprising a change-over switch capable of switching between a normal mode and a normal mode. A garbage storage box mounted on a chassis and having a rear opening;
A dust input box connected to the rear opening of the dust storage box;
A dust loading device that is provided in the dust throwing box and pushes the dust thrown into the dust throwing box into the dust storage box;
A power take-off device driven by the engine of the chassis;
A hydraulic pump that is driven by the power take-off device and supplies energy for driving at least the dust loading device;
A method for controlling a garbage truck equipped with a pressure sensor for detecting a discharge pressure of the hydraulic pump,
An input process for continuously capturing the detection value of the pressure sensor;
A voltage calculation step of calculating an engine speed control voltage for controlling the engine speed so that the torque applied to the engine by the power take-off device becomes constant from the value of the taken-in pressure sensor;
When the calculated engine speed by the engine speed control voltage exceeds the predetermined engine speed, the excess is cut so as to become the predetermined engine speed, and when the engine speed is equal to or lower than the predetermined engine speed, the cut is not performed. Adjustment process;
An output step of analog output of the engine speed control voltage and transmission to the controller of the engine. In the control method of the refuse collection vehicle of Claim 3,
A method for controlling a garbage truck, wherein the engine is maintained at an idling speed so that a theoretical flow rate becomes zero at the maximum load of the dust loading device.

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