JP2016042208A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the size and cost of an image forming apparatus that sequentially overlaps toner images formed on a plurality of photoreceptor drums on an intermediate transfer body or a transfer material to form an image.SOLUTION: An intermediate transfer belt 8 includes conductivity, and a power source 19 applying a voltage to a secondary transfer roller 15 can cause a current to flow through a plurality of photoreceptor drums 2 from the secondary transfer roller 15 via the intermediate transfer belt to primarily transfer toner images from the plurality of photoreceptor drums 2 to the intermediate transfer belt 8. This configuration can reduce the amount of power and reduce the size and cost of an image forming apparatus.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser printer.

  In an electrophotographic color image forming apparatus, in order to print at high speed, each color image forming unit for forming yellow, magenta, cyan, and black images is independently provided. There is known a configuration in which an image is transferred to an intermediate transfer belt, and further, the images are transferred from the intermediate transfer belt to a recording medium all at once.

  Each color image forming unit has a photosensitive drum as an image carrier. Furthermore, each image forming unit includes a charging member that charges the photosensitive drum, and a developing unit that develops the toner image on the photosensitive drum. The charging member of each image forming unit is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum with a predetermined pressure contact force, and the surface of each photosensitive drum is uniformly set to a predetermined polarity and potential by a charging voltage applied from a charging voltage source (not shown). Is charged.

  The developing unit of each image forming unit develops (visualizes) a toner image by attaching toner to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum.

  The toner image developed on the photosensitive drum of each image forming unit is primarily transferred to the intermediate transfer belt by a primary transfer roller that is a primary transfer member facing the photosensitive drum via the intermediate transfer belt. Each primary transfer roller is connected to a voltage power source dedicated to primary transfer.

  The toner image primarily transferred to the intermediate transfer belt is secondarily transferred to the transfer material by the secondary transfer member. A secondary transfer roller, which is a secondary transfer member, is connected to a voltage power source dedicated to secondary transfer.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which four primary transfer rollers are connected to a voltage power source dedicated to primary transfer, and four voltage power sources dedicated to primary transfer are provided. In Patent Document 2, the transfer voltage to be applied to each primary transfer roller is changed according to resistance variation due to endurance of the intermediate transfer belt and the primary transfer roller and environmental variations before the image forming operation. Control to do.

JP 2003-35986 A JP 2001-125338 A

  However, the conventionally known primary transfer voltage setting has the following problems. Since it is necessary to set an appropriate primary transfer voltage in each image forming unit, a plurality of voltage power supplies are required, which leads to an increase in the size of the image forming apparatus and an increase in power supply.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an image forming apparatus having appropriate primary transfer property and secondary transfer property while reducing the number of voltage power sources for applying a voltage to the primary transfer member. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration.

  A plurality of image carriers that carry toner images, an intermediate transfer belt that is endlessly rotatable, and that secondarily transfers the toner images primarily transferred from the plurality of image carriers to a transfer material; A current supply member that contacts the intermediate transfer belt; and a power source that secondarily transfers a toner image from the intermediate transfer belt to a transfer material by applying a voltage to the current supply member. , A belt having electrical conductivity capable of flowing current from the contact position of the current supply member in the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer belt to the plurality of image carriers through the intermediate transfer belt, and the power source is Applying a voltage to the current supply member causes a current to flow from the current supply member to the plurality of image carriers via the intermediate transfer belt, thereby causing the intermediate transfer belts to pass from the plurality of image carriers. Image forming apparatus, characterized in that to the primary transfer of the toner image.

  By supplying a current from the current supply member in the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer belt, it is not necessary to provide each voltage power source to the plurality of primary transfer members, and the primary transfer and the secondary transfer are performed with one current supply member. It becomes possible. Accordingly, the cost and size of the device can be reduced.

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an image forming apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for measuring the circumferential resistance of the intermediate transfer belt according to the invention. Explanatory drawing explaining the circumferential direction resistance measurement result of an intermediate transfer belt. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an image forming apparatus having a transfer power source dedicated to primary transfer in each image forming unit. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a method for measuring the potential of the intermediate transfer belt. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a potential measurement result of an intermediate transfer belt. Explanatory drawing explaining the primary transfer of this invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a relationship between a secondary transfer voltage and a potential measurement result of an intermediate transfer belt when a transfer material does not pass through a secondary transfer portion. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a current flowing in the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer belt. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a relationship between a secondary transfer voltage and a potential measurement result of an intermediate transfer belt when a transfer material passes through a secondary transfer portion. Explanatory drawing explaining the effect of the constant voltage element of this invention. The schematic sectional drawing explaining the state which connected the zener diode or the varistor to the supporting member. The schematic sectional drawing explaining the state which connected the common Zener diode or the varistor to the support member. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an image forming apparatus having another configuration applicable to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an image forming apparatus having another configuration applicable to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an image forming apparatus having another configuration applicable to the present invention.

Example 1
In the following, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the components described in this embodiment are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a color image forming apparatus of an inline type (4-drum system). The image forming apparatus forms an image forming unit 1a that forms a yellow image, an image forming unit 1b that forms a magenta image, an image forming unit 1c that forms a cyan image, and a black image. The image forming unit 1d is provided with four image forming units (image forming units). These four image forming units are arranged in a line at regular intervals.

  In each of the image forming units 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, which are image carriers, are arranged, respectively. In the present embodiment, the photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are negatively charged organic photoreceptors having a photosensitive layer (not shown) on a drum base (not shown) such as aluminum, and a driving unit (not shown). ) Is rotated at a predetermined process speed.

  Around each of the photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d, charging rollers 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, which are charging members, and developing units 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d are arranged, respectively. Further, drum cleaning devices 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d are installed around the photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d, respectively. Further, exposure means 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d are installed above the respective photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d. Each developing means 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d contains yellow toner, cyan toner, magenta toner, and black toner, respectively. The regular charging polarity of the toner of this embodiment is negative.

An endless intermediate transfer belt 8 that is an intermediate transfer member and is rotatable is provided at a position facing each image forming unit. The intermediate transfer belt 8 is supported by a driving roller 11, a secondary transfer counter roller 12, and a tension roller 13 (each of the above three rollers is referred to as a “support member”). The intermediate transfer belt 8 is rotated (moved) in the direction of the arrow (counterclockwise) by driving the connected driving roller 11. Hereinafter, the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer belt 8 is defined as the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt 8. The driving roller 11 is provided with a high-friction rubber layer on the surface layer for driving the intermediate transfer belt 8, and the rubber layer has conductivity with a volume resistivity of 10 ⁵ Ωcm or less. The secondary transfer counter roller 12 forms a secondary transfer portion with the secondary transfer roller 15 via the intermediate transfer belt 8. The secondary transfer counter roller 12 was provided with a rubber layer on the surface layer, and the rubber layer was made conductive with a volume resistivity of 10 ⁵ Ωcm or less. The tension roller 13 is made of a metal roller, applies a tension of a total pressure of about 60 N to the intermediate transfer belt 8, and rotates following the intermediate transfer belt 8.

  The driving roller 11, the secondary transfer counter roller 12, and the tension roller 13 are grounded via a resistor having a predetermined resistance value. In this embodiment, there are three resistance values of 1 GΩ, 100 MΩ, and 10 MΩ. Since the resistance of each rubber layer of the driving roller 11 and the secondary transfer counter roller 12 is sufficiently smaller than 1 GΩ, 100 MΩ, and 10 MΩ, the electrical influence can be ignored.

As the secondary transfer roller 15, an elastic roller having a volume resistivity of 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁹ Ωcm and a rubber hardness of 30 ° (Asker C hardness meter) was used. The secondary transfer roller 15 is pressed against the secondary transfer counter roller 12 via the intermediate transfer belt 8 with a total pressure of about 39.2N. Further, the secondary transfer roller 15 is driven to rotate as the intermediate transfer belt 8 rotates. Further, a voltage of −2.0 to 7.0 kV can be applied to the secondary transfer roller 15 from the transfer power supply 19. As will be described later, a voltage is applied to the secondary transfer roller 15 of this embodiment from a transfer power source 19 which is a common voltage power source for performing the primary transfer and the secondary transfer, and a current flows in the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt 8. Is a current supply member for supplying

  Outside the intermediate transfer belt 8, belt cleaning means 75 for removing and collecting the transfer residual toner remaining on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 8 is installed. Further, in the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer belt 8, a fixing unit 17 having a fixing roller 17a and a pressure roller 17b is provided downstream of the secondary transfer portion where the secondary transfer counter roller 12 and the secondary transfer roller 15 are in contact with each other. Is installed.

  Next, an image forming operation will be described.

  When a start signal for starting an image forming operation is issued from the controller, a transfer material (recording medium) is sent one by one from a cassette (not shown) and conveyed to a registration roller (not shown). At that time, the registration roller (not shown) is stopped, and the leading edge of the transfer material stands by just before the secondary transfer portion. On the other hand, in each of the image forming units 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, when a start signal is issued, the photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d start to rotate at a predetermined process speed. The photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are uniformly charged by the charging rollers 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d, respectively, with negative polarity in this embodiment. Then, the exposure means 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d scan and expose the laser beams on the respective photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d to form electrostatic latent images.

First, yellow toner is attached to the electrostatic latent image formed on the photosensitive drum 2a by the developing means 4a to which a developing voltage having the same polarity as the charging polarity (negative polarity) of the photosensitive drum 2a is applied. Visualize as a toner image. The potential of the photosensitive drum is adjusted so that the potential after being charged by the charging roller is −500 V and the potential (image portion) after being exposed by the exposure means is −100 V, and the developing bias is adjusted. -300V. The process speed is set to 250 mm / sec. The image formation width, which is the length in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction (rotation direction), is set to 215 mm, the toner charge amount is -40 μC / g, and the toner amount on the photosensitive drum in the solid image portion is set to 0.4 mg / cm ^2. doing.

  The yellow toner image is primarily transferred onto the rotating intermediate transfer belt 8. Here, a portion where the toner image is transferred from each photosensitive drum or a position where the toner image is transferred facing each photosensitive drum is defined as a primary transfer portion. There are a plurality of primary transfer portions on the intermediate transfer belt corresponding to a plurality of image carriers. The configuration for primary transfer of the yellow toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 8 in this embodiment will be described later.

  The toner images on the plurality of image carriers are primarily transferred to the intermediate transfer belt at a plurality of primary transfer portions corresponding to the plurality of image carriers, and in FIG. Opposing members 5 a, 5 b, 5 c, and 5 d are provided at positions facing each image forming unit. By forming the primary transfer portion by the opposing members 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d that press the intermediate transfer belt 8 against the opposing photosensitive drums, it is possible to stabilize the width of the primary transfer portion widely. In this embodiment, the opposing members 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are electrically insulated rather than a voltage application member that is connected to a voltage source for primary transfer. The member to be applied as shown in FIG. 4 has conductivity so that a desired current flows. Since the member to be applied has the desired conductivity, resistance adjustment is performed, which causes a cost increase. Yes.

  The area where the yellow toner image is transferred moves to the image forming unit 1 b side by the rotation of the intermediate transfer belt 8. In the image forming unit 1b as well, a magenta toner image formed on the photosensitive drum 2b in the same manner is superimposed on the yellow toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 8 and transferred. In the same manner, cyan and black toner images formed by the photosensitive drums 2c and 2d of the image forming units 1c and 1d are sequentially superimposed on the yellow and magenta toner images superimposed and transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 8 in the same manner. In addition, a full-color toner image is formed on the intermediate transfer belt 8.

  Then, the transfer material is conveyed to the secondary transfer portion by a registration roller (not shown) in accordance with the timing when the front end of the full color toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 8 is moved to the secondary transfer portion. The full-color toner image on the intermediate transfer belt 8 is secondarily transferred onto the transfer material collectively by a secondary transfer roller 15 to which a secondary transfer voltage (a voltage having a polarity opposite to that of toner (positive polarity)) is applied. The transfer material on which the full-color toner image is formed is conveyed to the fixing unit 17. At the fixing nip formed by the fixing roller 17a and the pressure roller 17b, the full-color toner image is heated and pressurized, thermally fixed on the surface of the transfer material P, and then discharged to the outside.

  In this embodiment, the primary transfer for transferring the toner image from the photosensitive drums 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d to the intermediate transfer belt 8 is applied to the primary transfer rollers 55a, 55b, 55c, and 55d as shown in FIG. It is characterized by performing without applying.

  Hereinafter, the volume resistivity, surface resistivity, and circumferential resistance of the intermediate transfer belt 8 will be described in order to explain the characteristics of the present embodiment. The definition and measurement method of the circumferential resistance will be described later.

[Volume resistivity and surface resistivity of the intermediate transfer belt 8 used in this embodiment]
The intermediate transfer belt 8 of this embodiment has a base layer in which carbon is dispersed in a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin having a thickness of 100 μm to adjust electric resistance. The resins used are polyimide (PI), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), nylon, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polycarbonate, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN). ) Etc.

  Further, the intermediate transfer belt 8 has a multilayer structure. Specifically, a surface layer of an acrylic resin having a thickness of 0.5 to 3 μm and a high resistance is provided on the outer surface of the base layer. This is because the high resistance layer on the surface layer reduces the current difference between the sheet passing area and the non-sheet passing area in the longitudinal direction of the secondary transfer portion, thereby obtaining the effect of improving the secondary transferability of the small size sheet.

  Next, a method for manufacturing the intermediate transfer belt will be described. In this embodiment, a manufacturing method using an inflation molding method is used. PPS serving as a base material and blending components such as carbon black as conductor powder are melt-kneaded by a biaxial kneader. A belt is manufactured by extruding the obtained kneaded material with an annular die.

  The surface coat layer is formed by spray-coating an ultraviolet curable resin on the surface of the molded endless belt, drying, and curing by ultraviolet irradiation. If the coat layer is too thick, it is easy to break, so the coating amount is adjusted to be in the range of 0.5 to 3 μm.

  In this embodiment, carbon black is used as the conductor powder. The additive to be mixed for adjusting the electric resistance value of the intermediate transfer belt 8 is not particularly limited. For example, the conductive filler for adjusting the resistance includes carbon black and various conductive metal oxides. Non-filler resistance modifiers include low molecular weight ionic conductive materials such as various metal salts and glycols, antistatic resins containing ether bonds and hydroxyl groups in the molecule, or organic polymer compounds exhibiting electronic conductivity, etc. .

  Increasing the amount of carbon added will lower the resistance of the belt, but if it is increased too much, the strength of the belt itself will be insufficient and it will be easily broken. In this embodiment, the resistance of the belt is reduced so that the belt strength is within a range that can be used in the image forming apparatus.

  The intermediate transfer belt of this embodiment has a Young's modulus of about 3000 MPa. The Young's modulus E measurement was based on the tensile modulus measurement method of JIS-K7127, and the thickness of the measurement sample was 100 μm.

  Table 1 shows belts in which the relative ratio of the carbon amount to the substrate is changed.

  Table 1 shows the amount of added carbon and the presence or absence of a surface coat layer. For example, belt B has a carbon amount 1.5 times that of belt A, and belt C has a carbon amount twice that of belt A. Further, the belt A, the belt B, and the belt C are provided with a surface layer, and the belt D and the belt E are single-layer belts. The relative ratio of the carbon amount of the belt B and the belt D is the same, and the relative ratio of the carbon amount of the belt C and the belt E is also the same.

Moreover, the comparative example belt of the polyimide which adjusted resistance by changing the relative ratio of the carbon amount was manufactured as a comparative belt. The comparative belt has a relative carbon amount ratio of 0.5 and a volume resistivity of 10 ¹⁰ to 10 ¹¹ Ωcm. This comparative belt is a belt having a general resistance value as a belt employed as an intermediate transfer belt.

  The measurement results of volume resistivity and surface resistivity of the comparative belt and belts A to E are shown below.

  First, it measured using the resistivity meter Hiresta UP (MCP-HT450) by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd. with respect to the above-mentioned comparative example belt and belts A to E. Table 2 shows the measured volume resistivity and surface resistivity (outer surface of the belt). The measuring method was based on JIS-K6911, and after obtaining favorable contact property between the electrode and the surface of the belt by using conductive rubber as an electrode. The measurement conditions are an application time of 30 seconds and an applied voltage of 10V and 100V.

The comparative belt has a volume resistivity of 1.0 × 10 ¹⁰ Ωcm and a surface resistivity of 1.0 × 10 ¹⁰ Ω / □ when an applied voltage of 100 V is applied. However, in the comparative belt, when the applied voltage is 10 V, the flowing current is too small to measure the volume resistivity, and “over” is displayed.

On the other hand, when 100 V is applied to belts B, C, and D, the value of the flowing current is too large because the belt resistance is low, and an under is displayed indicating that volume resistivity cannot be measured. The belt B had a surface resistivity of 2.0 × 10 ⁸ Ω / □ when 100 V was applied, but the belts C and D were displayed as under when 100 V was applied.

  In Table 2, each volume resistivity and surface resistivity of the applied voltage 10 V of the belt A cannot be measured. Further, when the surface resistivity of the belt A and the comparative belt when 100 V is applied is compared, the belt A is higher. This is due to the influence of the coating layer, and it can be seen that the resistance of the belt A having a high-resistance surface coating is higher than that of the comparative belt having no surface coating.

  Further, by comparing the belt B and the belt D and the belt C and the belt E, it can be seen that the resistance value is increased due to the presence of the coat layer. Further, by comparing the belt B and the belt C, and the belt D and the belt E, it can be seen that when the carbon amount is increased, the resistance value is lowered. In belt E, the resistance is too low to measure all items.

  In this embodiment, it is necessary to use an intermediate transfer belt in a range indicated as “under” in Table 2. Therefore, the resistance of the intermediate transfer belt defined by other than the volume resistivity and surface resistivity was measured. The resistance of the intermediate transfer belt 8 according to another rule is the electrical resistance in the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt described above.

[How to determine the circumferential resistance of the intermediate transfer belt]
In this embodiment, the resistance value of the belt whose resistance is lowered is measured by the method shown in FIG. In FIG. 2A, when a constant voltage (measurement voltage) is applied to the outer roller 15M (first metal roller) from a high-voltage power source (here, the transfer power source 19 is used), the image forming unit 1d A current flowing to an ammeter, which is a current detecting means connected to the photosensitive drum 2dM (second metal roller), is detected. A method is used in which the electric resistance of the intermediate transfer belt 8 between the position where the outer surface roller 15M is in contact and the position where the photosensitive drum 2dM is in contact is obtained from the detected current value. That is, the current flowing in the circumferential direction (rotation direction) of the intermediate transfer belt 8 is measured by this method, and the resistance of the belt is calculated by dividing the measurement voltage by the measured current value. At this time, in order to eliminate the influence of the resistance other than the intermediate transfer belt, the outer roller 15M and the photosensitive drum 2dM are made of only metal (aluminum), and M (Metal) is used as a symbol to indicate that it is a metal roller. It is added. In this embodiment, the distance between the contact portion of the outer roller 15M and the photosensitive drum 2dM is 370 mm on the upper surface side of the intermediate transfer belt and 420 mm on the lower surface side of the intermediate transfer belt.

  FIG. 3A shows the result of measuring the belts A to E by changing the applied voltage with the above measurement method. In this measurement method, the resistance in the circumferential direction, which is the rotational direction of the intermediate transfer belt, is measured. Therefore, in this embodiment, the resistance of the intermediate transfer belt measured by this measuring method is referred to as circumferential resistance [Ω].

  As the applied voltage is increased for all belts, the resistance tends to decrease little by little. This is a characteristic of a belt in which carbon is dispersed in a resin.

  Note that FIG. 2B is different from FIG. 2A only in the position of the ammeter. The resistance measurement result at this time is almost the same as that shown in FIG. 3, and the measurement method of this embodiment does not vary depending on the position of the ammeter.

  In the belts A to E, the resistance could be measured by the method shown in FIG. 2, but the resistance could not be measured in the comparative belt. This is because the comparative belt is a belt used in an image forming apparatus having a configuration in which a voltage power source is connected to each primary transfer roller 55a, 55b, 55c, and 55d as shown in FIG. .

  In the image forming apparatus having the configuration shown in FIG. 4, the volume resistance and surface resistance of the intermediate transfer belt are high so that adjacent voltage power sources are not affected by the currents flowing into each other via the intermediate transfer belt (so as not to interfere with each other). Designed. The comparative belt is a belt having a resistance that does not interfere with each primary transfer portion even when a voltage is applied to each primary transfer roller 55a, 55b, 55c, 55, and the current hardly flows in the circumferential direction. Designed as a belt with. A belt such as a comparative belt is defined as a high resistance belt, and a belt in which current flows in the circumferential direction such as belts A to E is defined as a conductive belt.

  FIG.3 (b) plots the electric current measured with the measuring method of Fig.2 (a) as it is. The vertical axis (resistance [Ω]) in FIG. 3A described above is a value obtained by dividing the measured current value in FIG. 3B by the applied voltage.

As shown in FIG. 3B, in the comparative belt, no current flowed in the circumferential direction even when 2000 V was applied. However, as shown in FIG. 3B, it can be seen that the belts A to E flow 50 μA or more at 500 V or less. In this embodiment, the belt used as the intermediate transfer belt has a circumferential resistance of 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁸ Ω. In the case of the image forming apparatus of this embodiment, if the circumferential resistance is 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁸ Ω, a current is likely to flow in the circumferential direction of the belt, which is a preferable result for ensuring desired primary transferability. was gotten.

Next, the belt surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt 8 having the circumferential resistance of 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁸ Ω will be described. 5A and 5B show a method for measuring the belt surface potential. In the figure, four surface potential meters are used to measure potential at four locations. In the figure, 5dM and 5aM are metal rollers for measurement.

  The surface potential meter 37a and the measurement probe 38a measure the potential of the primary transfer roller 5aM (metal roller) of the image forming unit 1a. The measuring instrument used was a surface potential meter MODEL344 manufactured by Trek Japan. Since the metal roller has the same potential as the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt, the inner surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt can be measured by this method. Similarly, the surface potential meter 37d and the measurement probe 38d measure the potential on the inner surface of the intermediate transfer belt based on the potential of the primary transfer roller 5dM (metal roller) of the image forming unit 1d.

  The surface potential meter 37e and the measurement probe 38e measure the intermediate transfer belt outer surface potential with the drive roller 11M facing each other, and the surface potential meter 37f and the measurement probe 38f face the tension roller 13 with the intermediate transfer belt outer surface potential facing each other. Is measuring. Further, Re, Rf, and Rg, which are electrical resistors, are connected to the driving roller 11M, the secondary transfer counter roller 12, and the tension roller 13, respectively.

  When the potential of the intermediate transfer belt was measured by this measurement method, it was found that there was almost no difference depending on the measurement location, and the belt potential was almost the same in the intermediate transfer belt. In other words, the belt used in this example can be considered as a conductive belt although it has a certain resistance value.

  FIG. 6 shows the measurement result of the intermediate transfer belt potential. FIG. 6A shows the result when a resistor of Re = Rf = Rg = 1 GΩ is used. The horizontal axis represents the voltage applied to the transfer power supply 19 for transfer, and the vertical axis represents the potential of the intermediate transfer belt, showing the results for the belts A to E.

  Similarly, FIG. 6B shows the result when Re = Rf = Rg = 100 MΩ, and FIG. 6C shows the result when Re = Rf = Rg = 10 MΩ.

  As the applied voltage increases for any belt, the belt surface potential also increases. Further, when the resistance value is lowered to 1 GΩ, 100 MΩ, and 10 MΩ, the belt surface potential decreases. Here, the resistance values of Re, Rf, and Rg are all the same. However, it is known that when any one of the resistance values is lowered, the belt surface potential is lowered according to the resistance.

  Further, the belt surface potential cannot be measured by the above-described method with an intermediate transfer belt having a resistance value in which no current flows in the circumferential direction like the comparative example belt. In a configuration in which a voltage is applied to each primary transfer roller by a dedicated power source 9 as shown in FIG. 4, a potential measuring probe cannot be arranged. Further, since the potential varies depending on the position in the belt circumferential direction, the surface potential of the belt at the primary transfer portion cannot be measured even when the potential measuring probe is arranged with the support roller facing each other.

  Next, the reason why the toner image can be transferred from the photosensitive drum to the intermediate transfer belt with the configuration of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 7A illustrates the potential relationship of the primary transfer portion. The potential of the photosensitive drum is -100 V in the toner portion (image portion), and +200 V is shown as the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt. The toner having the charge amount q developed on the photosensitive drum is primarily transferred by receiving the force F in the direction of the intermediate transfer belt by the electric field E formed by the photosensitive drum potential and the intermediate transfer belt potential.

  Next, FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating multiple transfer. The multiple transfer is a primary transfer in which toner of another color is further superimposed on the toner that has been primary transferred once onto the intermediate transfer belt. FIG. 7B shows an example in which the toner is negatively charged, and the toner surface potential is +150 V due to the toner transferred once. In this case, the toner on the photosensitive drum is primarily transferred by receiving the force F 'in the direction of the intermediate transfer belt by the electric field E' formed by the photosensitive drum potential and the toner surface potential.

  FIG. 7C shows that the multiple transfer has been completed.

  As described above, the primary transfer of the toner is related to the charge amount of the toner and the potential difference between the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer belt, and the intermediate transfer belt potential needs to be a certain level or more to ensure the primary transfer performance. I know that there is.

  Examining the intermediate transfer belt potential necessary for primary transfer of the toner developed on the photosensitive drum under the above-described conditions of this embodiment, it was found that 200 V or more is necessary.

  FIG. 7D is a graph in which the horizontal transfer belt potential is plotted on the horizontal axis and the transfer efficiency is plotted on the vertical axis. The transfer efficiency is a transferability index indicating how much of the toner developed on the photosensitive drum is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt, and it is determined that the transfer can be normally performed when the transfer efficiency is 95% or more. The figure shows that the intermediate transfer belt potential is 200 V or more and good transfer of 98% or more is performed.

  At this time, the potential differences between the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer belt in the image forming units 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are all the same. That is, a potential difference of 300 V between the photosensitive drum potential of −100 V and the intermediate transfer belt potential +200 V is formed in the primary transfer portions of the image forming portions 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, and 1 d. This potential difference is a potential difference necessary for multiple transfer of the above three toner colors (single color solid is 100% and 300%), and a primary transfer bias is applied to each primary transfer roller in the conventional primary transfer configuration. Is almost the same as A normal image forming apparatus does not form a 400% image even if it has four colors, and a full toner image can be sufficiently formed with a maximum toner amount of about 210 to 280%.

Therefore, in this embodiment, primary transfer is enabled by flowing a current in the circumferential direction of the intermediate transfer belt so that the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt becomes a predetermined potential. In other words, the transfer power source 19 performs primary transfer by causing a current to flow from the secondary transfer roller 15 to the plurality of photosensitive drums via the intermediate transfer belt. In this embodiment, by applying a voltage to the secondary transfer roller 15 which is a secondary transfer member, it is possible to perform primary transfer and secondary transfer with one transfer power source. In the secondary transfer, the toner that has been primarily transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 8 is moved onto the transfer material by the Coulomb force as in the case of the primary transfer. Under the conditions of this example, high-quality paper (basis weight 75 g / m ² ) is used as a transfer material, and the secondary transfer voltage necessary for secondary transfer is 2 kV or more.

  FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are obtained by adding conditions for primary transfer and secondary transfer to the intermediate transfer belt potential of FIG. A dotted line A in FIG. 8 is a line of an intermediate transfer belt potential necessary for primary transfer. FIG. 8B shows the secondary transfer setting range. FIG. 8A shows the result when 1 GΩ is used for the resistor, FIG. 8B shows the result when 100 MΩ is used for the resistor, and FIG. 8C shows the result when 10 MΩ is used for the resistor. As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, in the case of 1 GΩ and 100 MΩ, the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt is set to a predetermined potential (this embodiment) by applying a secondary transfer voltage of a certain level (2000 V or more). Then 200V) or more. In this embodiment, a region where the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt is equal to or higher than a predetermined potential is a region where both primary transfer and secondary transfer are established. As shown in FIG. 8C, in the case of 10 MΩ, it can be seen that a secondary transfer voltage larger than 2000 V is required. Even if the secondary transfer voltage is increased even at 10 MΩ, the secondary transfer can be performed. However, since a current is actually passed through the support roller, a larger capacity power source is required.

  FIG. 9 schematically shows the current flowing from the secondary transfer roller 15 through the intermediate transfer belt. In FIG. 9, the state in which the resistor is connected to each support roller is described with the resistors Re, Rf, and Rg. A thick solid arrow in FIG. 9 indicates that a current flows from the transfer power source 19 toward the photosensitive drum. The thick dashed arrow indicates the current flowing to the support roller, and it is described above that a large amount of current flows when the resistance values Re, Rf, and Rg are low. Since the potential difference between the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer belt in each of the image forming units 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d is substantially equal, the current flowing to each photosensitive drum is also substantially equal. However, if the capacitance varies due to variations in the thickness of the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive drum in each image forming unit, the current flowing to each photosensitive drum may vary somewhat. In this example, the thickness of the photosensitive layer was in the range of 10 to 20 μm from the beginning after the end of paper passing.

  If the primary transfer portion and the secondary transfer portion are sufficiently separated from each other, if necessary, a transfer voltage optimum for the primary transfer is applied to the secondary transfer roller 15 during the primary transfer. When the primary transfer is completed and the secondary transfer timing is reached, it is possible to switch to a transfer voltage optimum for the secondary transfer.

  Further, the transfer power source 19 may be configured to apply a voltage to the counter roller 12 instead of the secondary transfer roller. In this case, the opposing roller 12 serves as a current supply member. After the primary transfer, the transfer power source 19 can execute the secondary transfer by applying a voltage having the same polarity as the normal charging polarity of the toner to the opposing roller 12 at the timing of performing the secondary transfer. It is.

  Further, the resistor connected to each support member may be a single resistor. By using a single resistor, the number of resistors can be reduced, and since the grounding is performed through a common resistor, the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt can be easily maintained at an equipotential.

(Example 2)
The belt surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt 8 described above is an explanation when there is no transfer material in the secondary transfer portion. However, when the (n-1) th secondary transfer is simultaneously performed during the nth primary transfer as in continuous image formation, it is necessary to consider the case where there is a transfer material in the secondary transfer portion. is there.

  Therefore, the belt surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt 8 when the transfer material passes through the secondary transfer portion will be described. Note that the description of the configuration of the image forming apparatus and the like similar to those described in the first embodiment is omitted.

  FIG. 5B shows a method for measuring the belt surface potential while the transfer material P passes through the secondary transfer portion. Except for the transfer material P in the secondary transfer portion, it is the same as the case where there is no transfer material described above.

  FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 10C show the measurement results of the belt surface potential when there is a transfer material. FIG. 10A shows the result when 1 GΩ is used as the resistor, FIG. 10B shows the result when 100 MΩ is used as the resistor, and FIG. 10C shows the result when 10 MΩ is used as the resistor. A dotted line A in FIG. 10 is a line of an intermediate transfer belt potential necessary for primary transfer. FIG. 10B shows the secondary transfer setting range. Comparing FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, it can be seen that when the transfer material is present, the belt potential is slightly lower than when there is no transfer material. This is because the voltage supplied from the transfer power source 19 drops in the secondary transfer portion due to the transfer material.

  Therefore, from the comparison between FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, when the (n−1) th secondary transfer is simultaneously performed during the nth primary transfer as in continuous image formation, the transfer is performed at the secondary transfer unit. There is a possibility that the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt 8 cannot be maintained at a voltage that does not take into account the voltage drop due to the material. That is, when the secondary transfer starts, the primary transfer property may be lowered.

  If the resistance value of the resistor is large, the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt 8 can be maintained high. However, if the resistance value of the resistor is too large, it is necessary to increase the applied voltage. In that case, a larger capacity power supply is required. If the secondary transfer voltage is increased too much, the secondary transfer property may deteriorate depending on the type of transfer material. This is a phenomenon that discharge is generated due to a high secondary transfer voltage, toner chargeability is reversed, and secondary transferability is deteriorated.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to maintain the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt 8 at a predetermined potential of 200 V, a resistor having a resistance of about 100 MΩ to 1 GΩ is connected to each support roller.

  Further, when a transfer material is present in the secondary transfer portion, it is necessary to change the voltage for performing the secondary transfer in order to mainly cope with the resistance fluctuation of the transfer material. For example, in the environment of 30 ° C. and 80%, the secondary transfer voltage necessary for the secondary transfer is 1 kv. Further, in the environment of 15 ° C. and 5%, the secondary transfer voltage necessary for the secondary transfer was 3.5 kv. Even when the secondary transfer voltage fluctuates in accordance with such environmental fluctuations, the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt can be maintained at a predetermined potential or higher by using a resistor of 1 GΩ to 100 MΩ as the resistor. Thus, the primary transfer and the secondary transfer can be performed simultaneously.

  In this embodiment, a resistor having a resistance value of 100 MΩ to 1 GΩ is used as the resistor, but a constant voltage element may be connected and grounded instead of the resistor.

  FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the secondary transfer voltage and the belt potential when a constant voltage element (for example, a Zener diode or a varistor) is connected. A dotted line A in FIG. 11 is a Zener potential or a varistor potential. FIG. 11B shows the secondary transfer setting range. FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a state in which a Zener diode is connected to each support member, and FIG. 12B is a diagram illustrating a state in which a varistor is connected to each support member.

  In the case of the resistor, the belt potential was increased when the secondary transfer voltage was increased. However, in the case of a Zener diode or varistor, a current flows when the Zener potential or the varistor potential is exceeded, and the Zener potential or the varistor potential is maintained. For this reason, even if the secondary transfer voltage is increased, the belt potential does not rise above the Zener potential or the varistor potential. For this reason, the belt potential can be kept constant, and the primary transferability can be further stabilized. Further, the setting range of the secondary transfer voltage is widened, and the degree of freedom in setting the secondary transfer voltage is increased.

  In this embodiment, the Zener potential or the varistor potential is set to 220 v in consideration of the influence of the environment.

With this configuration, it is possible to optimize the secondary transfer setting independently of the primary transfer while stabilizing the primary transfer property. (This is because the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt for the primary transfer can be determined by the zener potential or the varistor potential, so that the setting range of the secondary transfer voltage is widened.)
As described above, according to the configuration of the embodiment, a conductive intermediate transfer belt is used, and each support member is connected to a resistor having a predetermined value or more, a Zener diode or varistor that maintains a predetermined potential or more, and the transfer power source 19 Apply voltage. With this configuration, the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt can be kept at a predetermined potential or higher regardless of the resistance of the transfer material, and the primary transfer and the secondary transfer can be executed at the same timing.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a configuration in which constant voltage elements such as a Zener diode and a varistor are connected to all the supporting rollers may be used. By sharing, it is possible to reduce the number of constant voltage elements.

  The first and second embodiments described above can be changed to the following configurations. As shown in FIG. 14, it is possible to further reduce the size of the main body by using two support rollers for supporting the intermediate transfer belt 8.

  Furthermore, it is possible to eliminate the opposing members 5a to 5d that form the primary transfer portion with each photosensitive drum via the intermediate transfer belt 8 as shown in FIGS. As another example of forming the primary transfer portion other than the facing members 5a to 5d, primary transfer rollers 40a, 40b, and 40c are arranged between the photosensitive drums in the intermediate transfer belt as shown in FIG. The intermediate transfer belt can be pushed up toward the photosensitive drum. Further, as shown in FIG. 14B, it is possible to arrange only one primary transfer roller 40d between the image forming units 1b and 1c.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 15, it is possible to contact the photosensitive drum only with the tension of the intermediate transfer belt. In this case, the primary transfer roller is eliminated by causing the image forming portions 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d to enter slightly below the belt surface on the primary transfer side formed by the secondary transfer counter roller and the drive roller. It is also possible. In some cases, the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer belt can be brought into contact with each other more reliably by increasing the amount of penetration of the image forming units 1b and 1c than the amount of penetration of the image forming units 1a and 1d.

  In FIG. 16, the image forming units 1c and 1d are arranged on the lower surface of the intermediate transfer belt. In this case, it is preferable that the image forming units 1a and 1b enter below the intermediate transfer belt surface and the image forming units 1c and 1d enter above the intermediate transfer belt surface. By arranging the image forming units in this way, the image forming apparatus main body may be further miniaturized.

  Further, the voltage supplied to the secondary transfer roller 15 may be any of constant voltage control, constant current control, and a combination of both controls as long as primary transfer and secondary transfer performance can be sufficiently exhibited.

  Further, the intermediate transfer belt has conductivity by adding carbon to PPS. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained if other resins, metals, etc. have the same conductivity as this example. Can be expected. In addition, although the single-layer and double-layer intermediate transfer belts are used, the same effect can be obtained even if the belt has three or more layers, such as an elastic layer, as long as the resistance is in the circumferential direction.

  The two-layer intermediate transfer belt is manufactured by coating after forming the base layer. However, the manufacturing method is not limited to this as long as the resistance value satisfies the above-described conditions such as integral molding.

1a to 1d Image forming unit 2a to 2d Photosensitive drum (image carrier)
5a-5d Opposing member 8 Intermediate transfer belt 9a-9d Voltage power supply dedicated for primary transfer 12 Secondary transfer opposing roller 15 Current supply member 19 Voltage power supply for transfer

Claims (16)

A plurality of image carriers that carry toner images, an intermediate transfer belt that is endlessly rotatable, and that secondarily transfers the toner images primarily transferred from the plurality of image carriers to a transfer material; A current supply member that contacts the intermediate transfer belt; and a power source that secondarily transfers a toner image from the intermediate transfer belt to a transfer material by applying a voltage to the current supply member.
The intermediate transfer belt is a belt having conductivity that allows current to flow from the contact position of the current supply member in the rotation direction of the intermediate transfer belt to the plurality of image carriers via the intermediate transfer belt. ,
The power supply applies a voltage to the current supply member to flow a current from the current supply member to the plurality of image carriers via the intermediate transfer belt, thereby causing the intermediate transfer from the plurality of image carriers. An image forming apparatus that primarily transfers a toner image to a belt.   The current supply member is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer belt to form the intermediate transfer belt and a secondary transfer portion, and the power source applies a voltage of a polarity opposite to the normal charging polarity of toner to the current supply member. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image forming apparatus is applied.   An image in which a toner image is secondarily transferred from the intermediate transfer belt to a transfer material while a toner image is primarily transferred from the image carrier to the intermediate transfer belt by applying a voltage from the power source to the current supply member. Forming equipment. A first metal roller to which a measurement voltage is applied from a measurement power source is brought into contact with the intermediate transfer belt, and a second metal roller having a current detection means connected to the intermediate transfer belt is connected to the first metal roller. The intermediate transfer belt is contacted at a position distant from the rotation direction, and the value obtained by dividing the measurement voltage by the current value detected by the current detection means is defined as the circumferential resistance of the intermediate transfer belt, and the intermediate transfer belt The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a value of the circumferential resistance of the belt is 10 ⁴ Ω or more and 10 ⁸ Ω or less.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate transfer belt has a multilayer structure, and a surface layer has a higher resistance than other layers.   A plurality of support members for supporting the intermediate transfer belt are provided, and a resistor for maintaining the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt at a predetermined potential or higher is connected to the plurality of support members. Item 2. The image forming apparatus according to Item 1.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of support members are connected to one of the resistors.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the predetermined potential is a potential necessary for primary transfer of a toner image from the plurality of image carriers to the intermediate transfer belt.   And a plurality of support members for supporting the intermediate transfer belt, wherein the plurality of support members are connected to a constant voltage element for maintaining a surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt at a predetermined potential or higher. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of support members are connected to one constant voltage element.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined potential is a potential necessary for primary transfer of a toner image from the plurality of image carriers to the intermediate transfer belt.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the constant voltage element is a Zener diode.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the constant voltage element is a varistor.   A plurality of opposing members are provided at positions respectively opposed to the plurality of image carriers through the intermediate transfer belt, and the intermediate transfer belt and the plurality of image carriers are in contact with each other by the plurality of opposing members. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1.   The image forming apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of facing members are electrically insulated.   The voltage power supply causes the current to flow from the current supply member to the plurality of image carriers through the intermediate transfer belt, whereby the toner images are transferred from the plurality of image carriers. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the surface potential of the intermediate transfer belt is made equal.