JP2016040919A - Information processor, information processing method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information processor, an information processing method, and a program.SOLUTION: The information processor includes: a transmission section for transmitting location information concerning a plurality of segments in each of a plurality of contents constituted of a plurality of segments of different bit rates to other apparatuses; and a receiving section for receiving the location information of the segment from the other apparatuses. The transmission section transmits the segment to the other apparatuses on the basis of the location information of the segment received with the receiving section.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 8

Description

  The present invention relates to an information processing apparatus, an information processing method, and a program.

  Recently, HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) for content transmission and MP4 related to content compression coding are widely used. According to HTTP, it is possible not only to download contents but also to perform streaming on the Internet. This HTTP streaming is also adopted in network media standards such as “DLNA guidelines” (2006) and “Open IPTV Forum” (2009). MP4 (ISO / IEC-14296-12, 14) can be used not only as a storage format but also as a transmission format such as download or streaming.

  For example, Non-Patent Document 1 describes that content streaming via the Internet is performed using HTTP and MP4. More specifically, in Non-Patent Document 1, the server stores MP4 format encoded files encoded at different bit rates, and sequentially configures the segments constituting the encoded file appropriate for the network situation. Sending is described.

“IIS Smooth Streaming Technical Overview”, Alex Zambelli, Microsoft Corporation, March 2009

  However, in the conventional system, there is a problem in that the load on the server side increases because the server side determines which segment constituting the encoded file is to be transmitted. In addition, since the client is not provided with information such as the segment playback time (relative time from the beginning of the content), trick play such as variable speed playback or playback after jumping to relative time (seek playback) ) Etc. was difficult.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved information processing for reducing the load on the transmission side in adaptive streaming of contents. To provide an apparatus, an information processing method, and a program.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to an aspect of the present invention, a plurality of codes configured of a generation unit that generates a plurality of encoded data by encoding the same content at different bit rates, and a plurality of segments A selection unit for sequentially selecting, within the same content, a content server having a storage unit for storing each of the encoded data and which of the encoded data is requested from the content server; A content playback device including: an acquisition unit that requests the content server for a segment selected by the content server and acquires the segment from the content server; and a playback unit that sequentially plays back the segments acquired from the content server A playback system is provided.

  Each of the plurality of segments constituting the plurality of encoded data may be encoded so as to be decoded instead of the plurality of encoded data.

  The generation unit generates a first data file including access information for accessing the plurality of encoded data, and a plurality of second data files including each of the plurality of encoded data, and the access The information may include network position information of the plurality of second data files, position information in the file of each segment of the encoded data, and playback time of each segment (time required for playback of each segment). .

  The generating unit includes access information for accessing the plurality of encoded data, a first data file including one encoded data of the plurality of encoded data, and a first data file including other encoded data. Two data files may be generated.

  The second data file further includes position information in the second data file of a segment constituting the other encoded data, and access to the other encoded data included in the first data file The information includes network location information of the second data file and identification information indicating a track including the encoded data, and the second data file is included in a file of a segment of the encoded data included in the file. In addition, the position information of each segment and the playback time of each segment may be included.

  The acquisition unit may acquire the access information included in the first data file, and acquire the segment selected by the selection unit from the content server based on the access information.

  The generation unit generates the first data file and the second data file in an MP4 format, and provides network location information for accessing the other encoded data in the first data file as “4” of MP4. dinf ".

  The segment may be data divided with the Sync Sample of the MP4 file as a boundary.

  The generation unit may write information indicating that the corresponding segments of the plurality of encoded data can be reproduced in place of each other in the first data file.

  The acquisition unit may acquire access information and the segment to each of the plurality of encoded data according to HTTP.

  The generation unit may describe bit rate information of the plurality of encoded data in the first data file.

  The acquisition unit may acquire the segment according to HTTP by designating network position information of each encoded data file included in the access information and position information in bytes of each segment in the file.

  The acquisition unit sequentially acquires segments to be decoded in time series from the content server via the network based on the access information, and the selection unit selects any of the segments constituting the encoded data as the content. Whether to make a request to the server may be dynamically selected according to the state of the network.

  The content playback apparatus includes a buffer that buffers the segment acquired by the acquisition unit, the playback unit sequentially plays back the segment buffered in the buffer, and the selection unit Whether to request the content server to request a segment constituting data may be selected according to the buffering status of the buffer.

  When the reproducible time is shortened in the segment buffered in the buffer, the selection unit selects a segment constituting encoded data encoded at a low bit rate and is buffered in the buffer. When the reproducible time for a segment becomes longer, a segment constituting encoded data encoded at a high bit rate may be selected.

  In order to solve the above problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a plurality of encoded data is generated by encoding the same content at different bit rates to generate a plurality of encoded data. A selection unit that sequentially selects within the same content which segment of the encoded data is requested from the content server that stores each of the encoded data, and the segment selected by the selection unit is the content There is provided a content playback apparatus including an acquisition unit that requests a server and acquires from the content server, and a playback unit that sequentially plays back the segments acquired from the content server.

  In order to solve the above problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the computer generates the plurality of encoded data by encoding the same content at different bit rates, and includes the plurality of segments. A selection unit that sequentially selects within the same content which segment of the encoded data is requested from the content server that stores each of the plurality of encoded data, and the segment selected by the selection unit A program for causing the content server to function as an acquisition unit that acquires the content server from the content server and a playback unit that sequentially plays back the segments acquired from the content server is provided.

  In order to solve the above problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, a content server encodes the same content at different bit rates to generate a plurality of encoded data, and the content server includes: The step of storing each of the plurality of encoded data composed of a plurality of segments in a storage medium, and the content reproduction apparatus requesting the segment constituting the encoded data to the content server are the same A step of sequentially selecting the content; a step in which the content reproduction device requests the selected segment from the content server to acquire the selected segment; and the content reproduction device is acquired from the content server. Content playback including the step of sequentially playing back segments The law is provided.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to another aspect of the present invention, the generation unit configured to generate a plurality of encoded data by encoding the same content at different bit rates, and the plurality of segments. A storage unit that stores each of the plurality of encoded data, and the generation unit includes access information to each of the plurality of encoded data, and one encoded data of the plurality of encoded data. There is provided a content server that generates a first data file and one or more second data files each including other encoded data.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the load on the transmission side in adaptive streaming of content.

It is explanatory drawing which showed the structure of the content reproduction system by embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which showed the flow of the data in the content reproduction system by this embodiment. It is the block diagram which showed the hardware constitutions of the content reproduction apparatus. It is the functional block diagram which showed the structure of the content server by this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the structure of the general MP4 file. It is explanatory drawing which showed the structure of the MP4 file produced | generated by the file production | generation part in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the modification of the MP4 file produced | generated by the file production | generation part in this embodiment. It is a functional block diagram showing a configuration of a content reproduction apparatus according to the present embodiment. It is the sequence figure which showed the operation | movement of the content reproduction system by this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the modification of the MP4 file produced | generated by the file production | generation part in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the modification of the MP4 file produced | generated by the file production | generation part in this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which showed the modification of the MP4 file produced | generated by the file production | generation part in this embodiment.

  Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in this specification and drawing, about the component which has the substantially same function structure, duplication description is abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the same code | symbol.

Further, the “DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION” will be described according to the following item order.
1. 1. Overview of content playback system 2. Hardware configuration of content reproduction apparatus 3. Content server function 4. Function of content reproduction apparatus 5. Operation of content reproduction system Modification 7 Summary

<1. Overview of content playback system>
First, with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the content reproduction system 1 by embodiment of this invention is demonstrated roughly.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a content reproduction system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the content reproduction system 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a content server 10, a network 12, and a content reproduction device 20 (client).

  The content server 10 and the content reproduction apparatus 20 are connected via the network 12. The network 12 is a wired or wireless transmission path for information transmitted from a device connected to the network 12.

  For example, the network 12 may include a public line network such as the Internet, a telephone line network, a satellite communication network, various LANs (Local Area Network) including Ethernet (registered trademark), a WAN (Wide Area Network), and the like. Further, the network 12 may include a dedicated line network such as an IP-VPN (Internet Protocol-Virtual Private Network).

  The content server 10 encodes content data, and generates and stores encoded data and a data file including meta information of the encoded data. When the content server 10 generates an MP4 format data file, the encoded data corresponds to “mdat” and the meta information corresponds to “moov”.

  Further, the content data may be music data such as music, lectures and radio programs, video data such as movies, television programs, video programs, photographs, documents, pictures and charts, games and software.

  Here, the content server 10 according to the present embodiment generates a plurality of data files at different bit rates for the same content. Hereinafter, the matter will be specifically described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a data flow in the content reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment. The content server 10 encodes the same content data at different bit rates, and generates, for example, a file A of 2 Mbps, a file B of 1.5 Mbps, and a file C of 1 Mbps as shown in FIG. In comparison, file A has a high bit rate, file B has a standard bit rate, and file C has a low bit rate.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the encoded data of each file is divided into a plurality of segments. For example, the encoded data of file A is divided into segments “A1”, “A2”, “A3”,... “An”, and the encoded data of file B is “B1”, “B2”, “B3”,... “Bn” is segmented, and the encoded data of file C is segmented as “C1”, “C2”, “C3”,. .

  Here, each segment is composed of one or more video encoded data and audio encoded data that can be reproduced independently starting with an MP4 sync sample (for example, IDR-picture in the case of video encoding of AVC / H.264). Consists of samples. For example, when video data of 30 frames per second is encoded by a GOP (Group of Pictures) having a fixed length of 15 frames, each segment is encoded video and audio data of 2 seconds corresponding to 4 GOP. Alternatively, it may be 10 seconds worth of video and audio encoded data corresponding to 20 GOP.

  In addition, the reproduction range (the range of the time position from the beginning of the content) by the segments having the same arrangement order in each file is the same. For example, when the playback ranges of the segment “A2”, the segment “B2”, and the segment “C2” are the same and each segment is encoded data for 2 seconds, the segment “A2”, the segment “B2”, and The playback range of the segment “C2” is 2 to 4 seconds for the content.

  When the content server 10 generates the file A to the file C composed of such a plurality of segments, the content server 10 stores the file A to the file C. Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the content server 10 sequentially transmits segments constituting different files to the content reproduction device 20, and the content reproduction device 20 performs streaming reproduction of the received segments.

  Although FIG. 1 shows a display device as an example of the content playback device 20, the content playback device 20 is not limited to such an example. For example, the content playback device 20 is an information processing device such as a PC (Personal Computer), a home video processing device (DVD recorder, VCR, etc.), a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a home game device, or a home appliance. Also good. The content playback device 20 may be an information processing device such as a mobile phone, a PHS (Personal Handyphone System), a portable music playback device, a portable video processing device, or a portable game device.

  Here, it is desirable that a segment corresponding to the network status is transmitted from the content server 10. For example, when the network bandwidth is large, a high bit rate segment (for example, a segment constituting the file A) is transmitted, and when the network bandwidth is small, a low bit rate segment (for example, the file C is configured). Segment) is appropriate.

  However, when the content server 10 monitors the network status and selects a segment according to the network status, there is a problem that the load on the content server 10 increases.

  In view of the above, the content reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment has been created. According to the content reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment, adaptive streaming can be realized while reducing the load on the server side.

  Furthermore, according to the content reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment, it is possible to comply with most of standards such as HTTP and MP4 and to ensure compatibility with existing devices. Hereinafter, the content reproduction apparatus 20 and the content server 10 that constitute the content reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

<2. Hardware configuration of content playback device>
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a hardware configuration of the content reproduction apparatus 20. The content reproduction apparatus 20 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 201, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 202, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 203, and a host bus 204. In addition, the content reproduction device 20 includes a bridge 205, an external bus 206, an interface 207, an input device 208, an output device 210, a storage device (HDD) 211, a drive 212, and a communication device 215.

  The CPU 201 functions as an arithmetic processing device and a control device, and controls the overall operation in the content reproduction device 20 according to various programs. Further, the CPU 201 may be a microprocessor. The ROM 202 stores programs used by the CPU 201, calculation parameters, and the like. The RAM 203 temporarily stores programs used in the execution of the CPU 201, parameters that change as appropriate during the execution, and the like. These are connected to each other by a host bus 204 including a CPU bus.

  The host bus 204 is connected to an external bus 206 such as a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect / Interface) bus via a bridge 205. Note that the host bus 204, the bridge 205, and the external bus 206 are not necessarily configured separately, and these functions may be mounted on one bus.

  The input device 208 includes input means for a user to input information, such as a mouse, keyboard, touch panel, button, microphone, switch, and lever, and an input control circuit that generates an input signal based on the input by the user and outputs the input signal to the CPU 201. Etc. The user of the content reproduction device 20 can input various data and instruct processing operations to the content reproduction device 20 by operating the input device 208.

  The output device 210 includes display devices such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display device, a liquid crystal display (LCD) device, an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) device, and a lamp. Furthermore, the output device 210 includes an audio output device such as a speaker and headphones. The output device 210 outputs reproduced content, for example. Specifically, the display device displays various information such as reproduced video data as text or images. On the other hand, the audio output device converts reproduced audio data or the like into audio and outputs it.

  The storage device 211 is a data storage device configured as an example of a storage unit of the content reproduction device 20 according to the present embodiment. The storage device 211 may include a storage medium, a recording device that records data on the storage medium, a reading device that reads data from the storage medium, a deletion device that deletes data recorded on the storage medium, and the like. The storage device 211 is composed of, for example, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive). The storage device 211 drives a hard disk and stores programs executed by the CPU 201 and various data.

  The drive 212 is a storage medium reader / writer, and is built in or externally attached to the content reproduction apparatus 20. The drive 212 reads information recorded on a removable storage medium 24 such as a mounted magnetic disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, or semiconductor memory, and outputs it to the RAM 203. The drive 212 can also write information to the removable storage medium 24.

  The communication device 215 is a communication interface configured with, for example, a communication device for connecting to the network 12. The communication device 215 may be a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) compatible communication device, an LTE (Long Term Evolution) compatible communication device, or a wire communication device that performs wired communication.

  The hardware configuration of the content reproduction apparatus 20 has been described above with reference to FIG. Since the hardware of the content server 10 can be configured substantially the same as that of the content reproduction device 20, description thereof will be omitted.

<3. Content Server Functions>
Next, functions of the content server 10 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the content server 10 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the content server 10 according to the present embodiment includes a file generation unit 120, a storage unit 130, and a communication unit 140.

  The file generation unit 120 includes an encoder 122 that encodes content data, and generates an MP4 file including encoded data and metadata. More specifically, the file generation unit 120 generates a plurality of MP4 files having different bit rates of encoded data for the same content. Hereinafter, the general configuration of the MP4 file will be described with reference to FIG. 5, and then the configuration of the MP4 file generated by the file generation unit 120 in the present embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a general MP4 file. As shown in FIG. 5, the MP4 file includes “moov” and “mdat”. “Mdat” is encoded data such as video and audio. In this embodiment, H.264 is used for video encoding. HE-AAC is used for H.246 / AVC and speech coding. “Moov” includes access information to each segment included in “mdat”, such as “trak (video)” and “trak (audio)”. Examples of the access information include location information (byte offset) of each sample and reproduction time information.

  In MP4, “dinf” is defined as a data box for referring to another external file. As shown in FIG. 5, when the reference destination of “moov” is “mdat” included in the same MP4 file, the value of “dinf” is “null”. On the other hand, in this embodiment, as described with reference to FIG. 6, a remarkable effect can be obtained by utilizing this “dinf”.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the MP4 file generated by the file generation unit 120 in the present embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 6, the file generation unit 120 generates a plurality of MP4 files A to MP4 files C including “mdat” having different bit rates for the same content.

  In the present embodiment, a segment is data divided with a video MP4 Sync Sample as a boundary, and video encoded data and audio encoded data are arranged interleaved in the segment. The segments are arranged in mdat continuously in time series in which the content is reproduced. The data files having different bit rates are encoded so that the playback times of the segments are the same. In addition, the AVC / H. In the case of H.264, the IDR picture is arranged so as to exist, and it is possible to switch to data having a different bit rate for each segment.

  Note that the position of each segment is the position of the Sync Sample, and the content playback device 20 uses the information of the “Movov” Sample Description box or the segment position obtained by combining with the Sync sample table box included in each segment. The segment data can be read from the data file. In the present embodiment, one video frame is set as one sample, the sync sample is an example in which an IDR picture exists once in 30 frames, and a sample description box is provided in the sample description box.

  “Mdat” of MP4 file B (first data file) is composed of segments B1 to Bn having a bit rate of 1.5 Mbps, and “mdat” (second data file) of MP4 file C is bit rate. Is composed of segments C1 to Cn with 1 Mbps, and “mdat” of the MP4 file A (third data file) is composed of segments A1 to An with a bit rate of 2 Mbps.

  In addition, “moov” of the MP4 file B includes “trak (video) B” and “trak (audio B)” for accessing the segments B1 to Bn constituting the same file.

  Furthermore, “moov” of the MP4 file B includes “trak (videoC ′)” and “trak (audioC ′)” for accessing the segments C1 to Cn constituting the MP4 file C.

  That is, the URL of the MP4 file C is described in “dinf” of “trak (videoC ′)” and “trak (audioC ′)”. More specifically, the URL of the MP4 file C is described in the “location” column in the “dinf” syntax shown below. Further, the position information (bytes in the file) of each Sample and Sync Sample segment C1 to Cn is obtained from the information of the Sample Description Box of the video track described in “trak (VideoC ′)” and “trak (audioC ′)”. Offset).

(Syntax example)
aligned (8)
class DataEntryUrlBox (bit (24) flags) extends FullBox ('url',
version
= 0, flags) {
string location;
}

  Similarly, “moov” of the MP4 file B includes “trak (videoA ′)” and “trak (audioA ′)” for accessing the segments A1 to An that constitute the MP4 file A. That is, the URL of the MP4 file A is described in “dinf” of “trak (video A ′)” and “trak (audio A ′)”.

  The MP4 file A also includes “trak (videoA)” and “trak (audioA)” for accessing the segments A1 to An that make up the MP4 file A. The content playback apparatus 20 will be described later. Not used for adaptive streaming.

  Similarly, the MP4 file C includes “trak (videoC)” and “trak (audioC)” for accessing the segments C1 to Cn constituting the MP4 file C. The content playback apparatus 20 is described later. Not used for adaptive streaming.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, “mdat” having different bit rates is created not in the same MP4 file but in different MP4 files. Further, in one MP4 file, a URL for referring to “mdat” included in another MP4 file and offset information in the file of each segment are described in the Sample Description box.

  With this configuration, the MP4 file according to the present embodiment can be used not only for streaming but also for downloading without any problem. The reason will be described in comparison with a case where a plurality of “mdat” having different bit rates are generated in the same file.

  When a plurality of “mdat” having different bit rates are generated in the same file and the file is also used for downloading, the client downloads the entire file including the plurality of “mdat”. For this reason, there arises a problem that the amount of download data and download time are doubled unnecessarily.

  In contrast, in the present embodiment, an MP4 file including only one “mdat” among a plurality of “mdat” having different bit rates can be downloaded. For example, the content playback apparatus 20 can download an MP4 file A that includes only “mdat” having a high bit rate among a plurality of “mdat” having different bit rates. Therefore, the client can perform download while suppressing the amount of download data and the download time.

  Note that the file generation unit 120 can replace the media data of the reference destination of each “trak” obtained by encoding at different bit rates in the “minfo” of each track in the “moov” of the file B. Information indicating whether it belongs to a group of media data may be described. For example, the following extension block in the syntax of “minfo” shown below is provided, “alternative_media_group” describes an identification number of a group of media data that can be substituted, and “<uid_value>: T. BD "and" flags "may be described as" 0 ". The content reproduction apparatus 20 can recognize that a segment of media data belonging to a group of replaceable media data can be replaced with a corresponding segment in other media data belonging to the same group. Further, the maximum bit rate maxbitrate and the average bit rate avgbitrate of the media are described, and can be used to determine which encoded data segment the content playback apparatus 20 acquires.

(Syntax example)
aligned (8) class
AlternateMediaInformationBox extends FullBox ('uuid', version = 0,
flags
= 0, extended_type) {
unsigned
int (32) alternative_media_group;
unsigned int (32)
maxbitrate;
unsigned int (32)
avgbitrate;
}

  With this configuration, the content reproduction apparatus 20 can determine whether the MP4 file is generated by the method of the present embodiment by checking “minfo” in “moov” of the MP4 file. . When the MP4 file is generated by the method of the present embodiment, the content reproduction device 20 can request adaptive streaming from the content server 10 as will be described later.

  6 shows an example in which the MP4 file mainly includes “moov” and “mdat”, but the configuration of the MP4 file is not limited to such an example. For example, the access information included in “moov” shown in FIG. 6 may be distributed using “moov” and “moof” as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a modification of the MP4 file generated by the file generation unit 120 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, “moov” is arranged at the head of each file, and thereafter “mdat” and “moof” are arranged alternately. In the “moov” of the MP4 file B, in order to access the “trak” in which the access information is described in each segment of the MP4 file B, A, and C and the subsequent “mdat”, similarly to the structure of the MP4 file described above. In addition, each “moof” of the MP4 file B includes a plurality of “traf” corresponding to “trak” described in “moov”, and “traf” includes each “traf”. Contains information for accessing each subsequent "mdat" segment of the file. Note that “moov” and “moof” may also be described in the MP4 files C and A, but the content playback apparatus 20 is not used in adaptive streaming as in the previous example.

  By arranging the access information in a distributed manner in this way, the data amount of the top “moov” and each “moof” of the MP4 file B can be reduced, the time for obtaining the top “moov” is suppressed, and the content reproduction is performed. The “moov” and “moof” information held by the device 20 in the buffer 230 can be reduced. Also, since “moof” and the corresponding ndat can be generated independently, it can be used for streaming live content such as live broadcasts. This embodiment is also applicable to the format shown in FIG. 7 in which “moov”, “moof”, and “mdat” are arranged in a distributed manner.

  Here, referring back to FIG. 4, the description of the configuration of the content server 10 is returned. The storage unit 130 of the content server 10 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a storage medium that stores a plurality of MP4 files generated by the file generation unit 120.

  For example, the storage unit 130 may be a storage medium such as a nonvolatile memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and an MO (Magneto Optical) disk. Examples of the nonvolatile memory include an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) and an EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM). Examples of the magnetic disk include a hard disk and a disk type magnetic disk. Examples of the optical disc include a CD (Compact Disc, a DVD-R (Digital Versatile Disc Recordable), and a BD (Blu-Ray Disc (registered trademark)).

  The communication unit 140 is an interface with the content reproduction apparatus 20 and communicates with the content reproduction apparatus 20 via the network 12. More specifically, the communication unit 140 has a function as an HTTP server that communicates with the content reproduction apparatus 20 according to HTTP. For example, the communication unit 140 extracts data requested from the content reproduction device 20 from the storage unit 130 according to HTTP, and transmits the data to the content reproduction device 20 as an HTTP response.

<4. Functions of content playback device>
The function of the content server 10 according to the present embodiment has been described above. Next, functions of the content reproduction apparatus 20 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram showing the configuration of the content reproduction apparatus 20 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the content playback apparatus 20 according to the present embodiment includes an acquisition unit 220, a buffer 230, a playback unit 240, and a selection unit 250.

  The acquisition unit 220 is an interface with the content server 10, requests data from the content server 10, and acquires data from the content server 10. More specifically, the acquisition unit 220 has a function as an HTTP client that communicates with the content reproduction apparatus 20 according to HTTP. For example, the acquisition unit 220 can partially acquire a part (moov or segment) of the MP4 file from the content server 10 by using HTTP Range.

  The buffer 230 sequentially buffers segments acquired from the content server 10 by the acquisition unit 220. The segments buffered in the buffer 230 are sequentially supplied to the playback unit 240 by FIFO (First In First Out).

  The playback unit 240 sequentially plays back the segments supplied from the buffer 230. Specifically, the playback unit 240 performs segment decoding, DA conversion, rendering, and the like.

  The selection unit 250 sequentially selects which segment of which MP4 file is to be acquired, that is, which segment has which bit rate, in the same content depending on the situation of the network 12. For example, when the selection unit 250 sequentially selects the segments “A1”, “B2”, and “A3”, as illustrated in FIG. 2, the acquisition unit 220 receives the segments “A1”, “B2”, “ A3 "is acquired sequentially.

  The acquisition unit 220 acquires “moov” of the MP4 file prior to the acquisition of the segment, specifies the access information included in the “moov” for the segment selected by the selection unit 250, and the content server 10 Can be obtained from.

  Here, it is considered that the buffering data amount of the buffer 230 increases as the bandwidth of the network 12 increases, and the buffering data amount of the buffer 230 decreases as the bandwidth decreases. Therefore, the selection unit 250 may indirectly grasp the status of the network 12 by monitoring the buffering status of the buffer 230.

  For example, when the number of samples (the number of video frames) buffered in the buffer 230 is within a predetermined range, the selection unit 250, that is, the reproducible time for the samples buffered in the buffer 230 is within the predetermined range In this case, a segment having a standard bit rate (for example, 1.5 Mbps) may be selected. For example, the content playback apparatus 20 temporarily stores 90 standard bit rate samples (for 3 seconds), then starts streaming playback, and continues playback while continuing to read subsequent segment data. If the buffer 230 data is in the range of 75 to 105 samples, a standard bit rate segment is selected.

  On the other hand, the selection unit 250 may select a segment having a low bit rate (for example, 1 Mbps) when the buffering amount decreases and the reproducible time of the samples buffered in the buffer 230 falls below a predetermined range. Good. For example, the selection unit 250 selects a low bit rate segment when the data in the buffer 230 becomes 75 samples or less during reproduction.

  Further, when the buffering amount increases and the reproducible time of the sample buffered in the buffer 230 exceeds a predetermined range, the selection unit 250 may select a segment with a high bit rate (for example, 2 Mbps). Good. For example, if the data in the buffer 230 becomes 105 samples or more during reproduction, the selection unit 250 selects a high bit rate segment. Further, when the number of segments in the buffer 230 becomes 120, reading is temporarily suspended, and when the number of segments becomes 120 or less, the reading is resumed.

  In the above description, only an example of monitoring the buffering status of the buffer 230 is described as an example of a method for determining the bandwidth of the network 12, and the present embodiment is not limited to this example. For example, the content reproduction apparatus 10 may determine the bandwidth of the network 12 by actually transmitting a dummy packet to the network 12, or may determine the bandwidth of the network 12 based on the segment acquisition speed by the acquisition unit 220. Good.

<5. Operation of content playback system>
The functions of the content server 10 and the content reproduction device 20 according to the present embodiment have been described above. Next, the operation of the content reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram showing the operation of the content reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment. First, the acquisition unit 220 of the content reproduction apparatus 20 requests the content server 10 to transmit “moov” of the MP4 file B related to a certain content by “HTTP: GET URL-B with Range” (S304). Then, the communication unit 140 of the content server 10 transmits “moov” of the MP4 file B to the content reproduction device 20 as “HTTP: Response” (S308). Note that the URL-B of the MP4 file B is described in the metadata information of the content, and the content reproduction apparatus 20 has been acquired in advance. Then, the buffer 230 of the content reproduction apparatus 20 starts buffering of “moov” of the MP4 file B acquired from the content server 10 (S310).

  Here, the selection unit 250 of the content reproduction apparatus 20 confirms “minfo” in “moov”, thereby encoding the reference file of “trak” in “moov” at a different bit rate. It can be determined whether or not it belongs to the obtained alternative media group.

  When the file referred to by “trak” in “moov” belongs to an alternative media group obtained by encoding at a different bit rate, the selection unit 250 selects the MP4 file B having the standard bit rate. Select segment Bi.

  Subsequently, the acquisition unit 220 requests the content server 10 for the segment Bi of the MP4 file B selected by the selection unit 250 using “HTTP: GET URL-B with Range” (S312). Specifically, the acquisition unit 220 requests the content server 10 for the segment Bi of the MP4 file B by designating the network location information of the MP4 file B and the location information of the segment Bi in the MP4 file B in byte units. Note that the network location information of the MP4 file B, the location information of the segment Bi in the MP4 file B in byte units, and the like are described in “moov” of the MP4 file B received in S308. Then, the communication unit 140 of the content server 10 transmits the segment Bi of the MP4 file B to the content reproduction device 20 as “HTTP: Response” (S316).

  Thereafter, when the segment Bi is sufficiently buffered in the buffer 230 of the content playback apparatus 20, the playback unit 240 starts playback of the segment Bi (S320). It should be noted that if sufficient buffer reading is not possible even after a certain period of time from the start of buffering (S310), the network bandwidth is considered insufficient. In such a case, the subsequent segment reading from S316 may be switched to the file C segment. Similarly, when it is determined that a predetermined segment can be buffered early, the segment of the file A can be buffered and then playback can be started (S320).

  Similarly, the acquisition unit 250 of the content reproduction device 20 requests the next segment Bj from the content server 10 using “HTTP: GET URL-B with Range” (S324). Then, the communication unit 140 of the content server 10 transmits the next segment Bj to the content reproduction device 20 as “HTTP: Response” (S328).

  Here, when the buffering amount of the buffer 230 decreases and the reproducible time of the samples buffered in the buffer 230 falls below a predetermined range (S332), the selection unit 250 selects the MP4 file C having a low bit rate. Segment Ck is selected.

  Then, the acquisition unit 220 requests the content server 10 for the segment Ck of the MP4 file C selected by the selection unit 250 using “HTTP: GET URL-C with Range” (S336). Upon receiving the request, the communication unit 140 of the content server 10 transmits the segment Ck of the MP4 file C to the content reproduction device 20 as “HTTP: Response” (S340).

  Thereafter, when the buffering amount of the buffer 230 increases and the reproducible time for the samples buffered in the buffer 230 falls within a predetermined range (S344), the selection unit 250 selects the MP4 file B having the standard bit rate. Segment B1 is selected.

  Subsequently, the acquisition unit 220 requests the content server 10 for the segment Bl of the MP4 file B selected by the selection unit 250 using “HTTP: GET URL-B with Range” (S348). Then, the communication unit 140 of the content server 10 transmits the segment Bl of the MP4 file B to the content reproduction device 20 as “HTTP: Response” (S352).

  Thereafter, when the buffering amount of the buffer 230 increases and the reproducible time for the samples buffered in the buffer 230 exceeds a predetermined range (S356), the selection unit 250 selects the MP4 file A having a high bit rate. Segment Am is selected.

  Subsequently, the acquisition unit 220 requests the content server 10 for the segment Am of the MP4 file A selected by the selection unit 250 using “HTTP: GET URL-A with Range” (S360). Then, the communication unit 140 of the content server 10 transmits the segment Am of the MP4 file A to the content reproduction device 20 as “HTTP: Response” (S352).

  Similarly, the selection unit 250 selects which bit rate is requested according to the buffering amount of the buffer 230, and the acquisition unit 220 receives the segment selected by the selection unit 250 from the content server 10. get.

  With this configuration, it is possible to prevent playback from being interrupted when the bandwidth of the network 12 is small, and to realize high-quality playback when the bandwidth of the network 12 is large. Further, in the present embodiment, since it is possible to determine the bandwidth of the network 12 and select a requested segment on the content reproduction apparatus 20 side, it is possible to reduce the load on the content server 10.

<6. Modification>
In the above description, an example of enabling access to “mdat” of another file using “dinf” in “trak” has been described. However, as described with reference to FIG. 10, using “trak” You may be able to refer to “trak” of another file.

  FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a modification of the MP4 file generated by the file generation unit 120 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, when the access information to “trak” of MP4 file A is described in “trak” of MP4 file B, content reproduction device 20 analyzes and describes “trak” of MP4 file B. The “trak” of the MP4 file A can be acquired using the stored access information. Therefore, the content playback apparatus 20 can also acquire the segments A1, A2,... Based on the “trak” of the MP4 file A and the Sample Description Box described therein.

  Similarly, when the access information to “trak” of MP4 file C is described in “trak” of MP4 file B, content reproduction device 20 analyzes “trak” of MP4 file B, and describes the access information described. It is possible to obtain “trak” of the MP4 file C by using it. For this reason, the content reproduction apparatus 20 can also acquire the segments C1, C2,... Based on “trak” of the MP4 file C and the Sample Description Box described therein.

  Specifically, the MP4 file format is expanded, the following extension box is described in “minfo”, “extended_value>: TBD” is described in “extended_type” in the syntax, and “location” The URL of the reference destination MP4 file may be described, and the “track_ID” may describe the identifier of “trak” in the reference destination MP4 file. Thereby, the content reproduction apparatus 20 can recognize that the media data that can be substituted as the media data of the track of the file B is in the track indicated by the track_id of the track C. In addition, bit rate information such as the maximum bit rate maxbitrate and the average bit rate avgbitrate of media is described, and the content reproduction device 20 can use it to determine which encoded data segment to acquire.

(Syntax example)
aligned (8)
class AlternateMediaReferenceBox extends FullBox ('uuid', version = 0,
flags = 0, extended_type) {unsigned
int (32) entry_count;
for
(i = 1; i
entry_count; i ++) {
string
location; // URL
unsigned
int (32) track_ID;
unsigned int (32)
maxbitrate;
unsigned int (32)
avgbitrate;
}

}

  The configuration described above can be similarly applied to a file format in which access information included in “moov” is distributed using “moov” and “moof”. In this case, as shown in FIG. 11, by describing the access information to “trak” of another file in “trak”, “trak” and “trak” of other files are used using “trak” of MP4 file B. “traf” can be accessed.

  FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a modification of the MP4 file generated by the file generation unit 120 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 11, when the access information to “trak” of MP4 file A is described in “trak” of MP4 file B, content reproduction device 20 analyzes and describes “trak” of MP4 file B. The “trak” of the MP4 file A can be acquired using the stored access information. For this reason, the content reproduction apparatus 20 can also acquire the segments A11, A12,... Based on the “trak” of the MP4 file A.

  Similarly, when the access information to “trak” of MP4 file C is described in “trak” of MP4 file B, content reproduction device 20 analyzes “trak” of MP4 file B, and describes the access information described. It is possible to obtain “trak” of the MP4 file C by using it. For this reason, the content reproduction apparatus 20 can also acquire the segments C11, C12,... Based on the “trak” of the MP4 file C and each “traf”. The location of each file in the “moof” file can be determined by the content playback apparatus 20 analyzing the BOX structure of the MP4 file, but the Movie Fragment Random access box described in the MP4 file is used. Then, after the position information of each moof is acquired and the corresponding moof information is acquired, each segment of the mdat subsequent to the moof may be accessed. Further, by prefetching the moof information and analyzing “traf”, the mdat immediately after “moof” can be read without a time delay.

<7. Summary>
As described above, in the present embodiment, the selection unit 250 of the content reproduction device 20 selects which bit rate the segment is requested according to the bandwidth of the network 12, and acquires the selected segment. 220 acquires from the content server 10. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to reduce the load on the content server 10.

  Most of the present embodiment conforms to existing standards such as HTTP and MP4. Therefore, this embodiment is compatible with streaming using existing HTTP and MP4, and can suppress the extended function to the minimum, so that smooth introduction is expected.

  In the present embodiment, “mdat” having different bit rates is created not in the same MP4 file but in different MP4 files. For this reason, each MP4 file can be used not only for streaming but also for downloading.

  Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious that a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can come up with various changes or modifications within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. Of course, it is understood that these also belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

  For example, each step in the processing of the content reproduction system 1 of the present specification does not necessarily have to be processed in time series in the order described as a sequence diagram. For example, each step in the processing of the content reproduction system 1 may be processed in an order different from the order described as the sequence diagram or may be processed in parallel.

  Also, a computer program for causing hardware such as the CPU 201, the ROM 202, and the RAM 203 incorporated in the content reproduction device 20 and the content server 10 to perform the same functions as the components of the content reproduction device 20 and the content server 10 described above. Can be created. A storage medium storing the computer program is also provided.

  Further, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 10 and 11, the first data file has standard bit rate encoded data, but low bit rate or high bit rate encoded data is allocated. May be.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 6, 7, 10, and 11, the encoded data is arranged in the first data file, but access information for the encoded data is included in the moof of the first data file. May be arranged.

  Further, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, an example in which “moov”, “moof”, and “mdat” are arranged in a distributed manner is shown, but only the first data file is arranged in a distributed manner, As shown in FIG. 8, the data file may be arranged so as to be composed of “moov” and “mdat” corresponding thereto.

  Furthermore, FIG. 12 shows an embodiment in which encoded data is not included in the first data file. In the first data file, access information of each segment of encoded data arranged in another data file is described. The first data file is arranged so that access information is distributed using “moov” and “moof”, and each “moof” has only access information to a segment of one data file. Is described.

  In this case, the access information of each segment is described in each “moof” in each “traf” of the video track, the audio track, and a group of “moof” (in this case, three sets) arranged continuously. ) Describes access information for a range of segments.

  In the example shown in FIG. 12, each “trak” of “moov” does not include the access information to the segment, and the access information from the segment 1 to the segment (i−1) is described in the next three “moof” Is done. Similarly, access information from the segment i to the segment (j-1) is described in the next three “moof”, and the next three “moof” is accessed from the segment j to the segment (k−1). Information is written. The arrangement order of “trak” in “moov” (ie, B, C, A) and the arrangement order of “traf” in three “moof” (ie, B, C, A) are the same. Therefore, it is easy to read “traf”.

  By configuring the first data file in this way, the access information to the segment can be easily obtained only by analyzing the first data file. Further, since the segment information of each data file is also divided in units of “moof”, the content reproduction apparatus 20 does not hold the access information of the segments of all the data files, and the “moof” of the necessary data file. "Is acquired and held, adaptive streaming can be performed while selecting a data file with an appropriate bit rate according to the network conditions.

  In addition, since data files that do not include encoded data are not distributed by “moof” and are configured by “moov” and “mdat”, only streaming using existing HTTP and MP4 is supported. These data files can be used for the content reproduction apparatus.

  On the other hand, since the first data file does not include encoded data, the first data file takes into account the problem that reproduction cannot be performed in the case of an existing content reproduction device. It is also possible to provide a mechanism for reproducing the MP4 file, or the MP4 file that has not been distributed otherwise. For example, there is a method of causing the content reproduction apparatus to disclose each URL and attribute, and selecting a URL based on the capability and attribute of the content reproduction apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Content reproduction system 10 Content server 12 Network 20 Content reproduction apparatus 120 File generation part 122 Encoder 130 Storage part 140 Communication part 220 Acquisition part 230 Buffer 240 Reproduction part 250 Selection part

Claims (8)

A transmission unit that transmits different location information regarding the plurality of segments in each of a plurality of contents that are different bit rates and configured from a plurality of segments;
A receiving unit for receiving the location information of the segment from the other device;
The information processing apparatus, wherein the transmission unit transmits the segment to the other device based on the location information of the segment received by the reception unit.   The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission unit transmits location information regarding the plurality of segments according to HTTP, and the reception unit receives location information of the segments according to HTTP. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the content is one of encoded audio data and encoded video data.   The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the transmission unit further transmits information representing the bit rate.   The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the location information is a URL.   The information processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the segment is defined by an MP4 file format moof and mdat. Transmitting location information relating to the plurality of segments in each of a plurality of contents having different bit rates and including a plurality of segments to another device;
Receiving the location information of the segment from the other device;
Sending a segment to the other device based on the received location information;
An information processing method executed by an information processing apparatus. On the computer,
Transmitting location information relating to the plurality of segments in each of a plurality of contents having different bit rates and including a plurality of segments to another device;
Receiving the location information of the segment from the other device;
Sending a segment to the other device based on the received location information;
A program for running

Images