JP2016039681A - Intra-ship power system - Google Patents

Intra-ship power system Download PDF

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JP2016039681A
JP2016039681A JP2014160601A JP2014160601A JP2016039681A JP 2016039681 A JP2016039681 A JP 2016039681A JP 2014160601 A JP2014160601 A JP 2014160601A JP 2014160601 A JP2014160601 A JP 2014160601A JP 2016039681 A JP2016039681 A JP 2016039681A
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power
value
inboard
active power
reactive
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JP5879401B1 (en
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健太 池上
Kenta Ikegami
健太 池上
名倉 良馬
Ryouma Nakura
良馬 名倉
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Nishishiba Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to operate a power generator in a highly efficient state by controlling a power factor of a power system in a ship according to a designated request value.SOLUTION: A power factor controller 15 calculates a reactive power request value from a power factor setting value set by a power factor setter 15-1 and an effective power detection value detected by an effective power detector 16-2 as well as calculates a reactive power detection value from a power factor detection value detected by a power factor detector 16-1 and the effective power detection value; calculates a reactive power command value from a deviation between the reactive power request value and the reactive power detection value as well as calculates an effective power command value from an effective power setting value set by an effective power setter 15-2 and the effective power detection value; and, when the reactive power detection value exceeds the reactive power request value in the case where a storage battery 7-1 is in a state capable of being charged or discharging, outputs the effective power command value and the reactive power command value to an inverter circuit 23 of a charge/discharge device 7 to make the inverter circuit 23 supply reactive power corresponding to the reactive power command value to an intra-ship bus 4 while making the storage battery 7-1 discharge effective power corresponding to the effective power command value or be charged with power of the intra-ship bus 4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は、船内発電機で発電した電力を、船内母線を介して船内負荷に供給する船内電力システムに関するもので、特に、船内母線に容量の大きな負荷が投入されても船内発電機の運転効率を低下させない船内電力システムに関するものである。   The present invention relates to an inboard power system for supplying electric power generated by an inboard generator to an inboard load via an inboard bus, and in particular, the operating efficiency of an inboard generator even when a large load is applied to the inboard bus. The present invention relates to an inboard power system that does not lower the power.

従来の一般的な船内電力システムについて、図6に示す電気推進船の船内電力システムを例にして説明する。
図6は、従来における船内電力システムの主回路構成図である。図6に示す船内電力システムは、船内発電機1−1,1−2,1−3をエンジン2−1,2−2,2−3によってそれぞれ運転することにより発電し、この発電された電力を、遮断器3−1,3−2,3−3を介して船内母線4へ供給する。船内母線4へ供給された電力は、例えば遮断器5−1,5−2を介して船内母線4に接続された船内負荷6−1,6−2へ供給され、また遮断器9を介して船内母線4に接続された推進用インバータ12へ供給される。推進用インバータ12は、船内母線4から供給される電力を使って容量の大きな電気推進用電動機13を制御することにより、推進用プロペラ14の回転速度を制御する。
A conventional general inboard power system will be described by taking the inboard power system of an electric propulsion ship shown in FIG. 6 as an example.
FIG. 6 is a main circuit configuration diagram of a conventional inboard power system. The inboard power system shown in FIG. 6 generates electric power by operating the inboard generators 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 by the engines 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, respectively. Is supplied to the inboard bus 4 via the circuit breakers 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3. The electric power supplied to the inboard bus 4 is supplied to the inboard loads 6-1 and 6-2 connected to the inboard bus 4 via the circuit breakers 5-1 and 5-2, and also via the circuit breaker 9. It is supplied to the propulsion inverter 12 connected to the inboard bus 4. The propulsion inverter 12 controls the rotation speed of the propulsion propeller 14 by controlling the electric propulsion motor 13 having a large capacity using the electric power supplied from the inboard bus 4.

7−1は、充放電装置7及び遮断器8を介して船内母線4に接続された蓄電池で、充放電装置7を制御することにより蓄電池7−1の充放電制御が行われる。11は推進用インバータ12が消費する有効電力を検出する電力検出器、10−1は船内発電機1−1〜1−3から船内母線4へ供給される有効電力を設定する有効電力設定器、10は電力検出器11で検出された推進用インバータ12の有効電力と、有効電力設定器10−1で設定された有効電力設定値とを比較し、推進用インバータ12が消費する有効電力が有効電力設定器10−1で設定する設定値以上である場合に蓄電池7−1に貯蔵された有効電力を船内母線4に放電させ、また設定値未満である場合に船内母線4の電力を蓄電池7−1に充電させるよう、充放電装置7Aへ制御信号を出力する電力変動検出器である。   Reference numeral 7-1 denotes a storage battery connected to the inboard bus 4 via the charge / discharge device 7 and the circuit breaker 8, and the charge / discharge control of the storage battery 7-1 is performed by controlling the charge / discharge device 7. 11 is a power detector for detecting the active power consumed by the propulsion inverter 12, 10-1 is an active power setting device for setting the effective power supplied from the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 to the inboard bus 4, 10 compares the active power of the propulsion inverter 12 detected by the power detector 11 with the active power set value set by the active power setter 10-1, and the effective power consumed by the propulsion inverter 12 is valid. The active power stored in the storage battery 7-1 is discharged to the inboard bus 4 when the power setter 10-1 is greater than or equal to the set value, and when the power is less than the set value, the power of the inboard bus 4 is transferred to the storage battery 7 -1 is a power fluctuation detector that outputs a control signal to the charging / discharging device 7A so as to be charged to -1.

図7は、従来の船内電力システムにおける充放電の機能を説明するブロック図である。図7において、減算器25Aと演算装置19Aは、図6の電力変動検出器10に設けられ、インバータ回路23Aは、充放電装置7Aに設けられる。
図7において、P は有効電力設定器10−1で設定された有効電力設定値、Pは電力検出器11にて検出された推進用インバータ12に入力される有効電力検出値を表す。減算器25Aは、有効電力設定値P と有効電力検出値Pとの偏差から充放電電力指令値PINV **を算出する。演算装置19Aは、図示していないが、蓄電池7−1の充電状態を監視する充電状況監視装置からの信号を受け、蓄電池7−1が充放電可能な状態で、充放電電力指令値がPINV **>0の場合は、放電電力指令値+PINV を充放電装置7Aのインバータ回路23Aへ出力し、PINV **<0の場合は、充電電力指令値−PINV をインバータ回路23Aへ出力する。インバータ回路23Aは、放電電力指令値+PINV を入力した場合には、放電電力指令値+PINV に応じて蓄電池7−1から有効電力を船内母線4に放電し、充電電力指令値−PINV を入力した場合には、充電電力指令値−PINV に応じた船内母線4の電力で蓄電池7−1を充電する。
FIG. 7 is a block diagram for explaining a charge / discharge function in a conventional shipboard power system. In FIG. 7, a subtractor 25A and an arithmetic unit 19A are provided in the power fluctuation detector 10 in FIG. 6, and an inverter circuit 23A is provided in the charge / discharge device 7A.
In FIG. 7, P g * is set by active power setter 10-1 has been active power set value, P L represents the active power detected value input to the propulsion inverter 12 detected by the power detector 11 . Subtractor 25A calculates a charge-discharge electric power command value P INV ** from a difference between active power set value P g * and active power detected value P L. Although not shown, the arithmetic unit 19A receives a signal from a charging state monitoring device that monitors the charging state of the storage battery 7-1, and the charging / discharging power command value is P while the storage battery 7-1 is chargeable / dischargeable. When INV ** > 0, the discharge power command value + P INV * is output to the inverter circuit 23A of the charging / discharging device 7A. When P INV ** <0, the charge power command value−P INV * is output to the inverter circuit. Output to 23A. When the discharge power command value + P INV * is input, the inverter circuit 23A discharges the active power from the storage battery 7-1 to the inboard bus 4 according to the discharge power command value + P INV * , and the charge power command value -P When INV * is input, the storage battery 7-1 is charged with the power of the inboard bus 4 corresponding to the charging power command value -P INV * .

このように構成することにより、電気推進用電動機13の急峻な負荷変動により生じる船内母線4の電力変動が平準化され、船内発電機1−1〜1−3は、電力変動の影響を受けない運転効率の良い状態に保持することができる。   With this configuration, the power fluctuation of the inboard bus 4 caused by the steep load fluctuation of the electric propulsion motor 13 is leveled, and the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 are not affected by the power fluctuation. It can be kept in a state with good operating efficiency.

特開2010−116070号公報JP 2010-1116070 A

ところで、このような船内電力システムは、電気推進用電動機13の負荷変動により生じる船内母線4の電力変動を平準化することにより船内発電機1−1〜1−3の運転状態を効率のよい運転状態に保つが、例えば、船内に別に設けている電動機をダイレクト起動したような場合に発生する始動電流の影響で船内発電機1−1〜1−3、即ち、船内母線4の力率が低下して無効電力及び皮相電力が増加し、その影響で船内発電機1−1〜1−3の運転効率が低下してしまう点には、機能しない。その結果として、始動電流の影響による運転効率の低下を考慮して、船内発電機1−1,1−2,1−3の発電機容量を確保しなければならず、即ち寸法の大きな船内発電機が選択されることになり、限られた船内スペースしか確保できない船舶においては、何らかの改善が求められていた。   By the way, such an inboard electric power system leveles the electric power fluctuation of the inboard bus 4 caused by the load fluctuation of the electric propulsion electric motor 13, thereby efficiently operating the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3. The power factor of the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3, i.e., the inboard bus 4 is reduced due to the influence of the starting current that is generated, for example, when an electric motor provided separately in the ship is directly started. As a result, the reactive power and the apparent power increase, and the operation efficiency of the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 is not affected. As a result, in consideration of a decrease in operating efficiency due to the influence of the starting current, the generator capacity of the onboard generators 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 must be secured, that is, the onboard generator having a large size. The aircraft was selected, and some improvements were required for ships that could only have a limited space on board.

そこで、本発明は、船内における船内母線の力率を指定された要求値に応じて制御することで、効率の良い状態で船内発電機を運転でき、船内スペースが確保できる船内電力システムを提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, the present invention provides an inboard power system that can operate an inboard generator in an efficient state and secure an inboard space by controlling the power factor of the inboard bus in accordance with a specified required value. For the purpose.

上記の課題を解決するために、請求項1に係る発明は、船内発電機で発電した出力電力を、船内母線を介して船内負荷に供給する船内電力システムにおいて、前記船内母線にインバータ回路を有する充放電装置を介して接続する蓄電池と、前記船内母線の力率を設定する力率設定器と、前記船内母線の有効電力を設定する有効電力設定器と、前記船内母線の力率を検出する力率検出器と、前記船内母線の有効電力を検出する有効電力検出器と、前記蓄電池の充電状態を監視し、前記充放電装置を制御する力率制御装置とを有し、前記力率制御装置は、前記力率設定器で設定した力率設定値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とから無効電力要求値を演算すると共に、前記力率検出器で検出した力率検出値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とから無効電力検出値を演算し、前記無効電力要求値と前記無効電力検出値との偏差から無効電力指令値を算出すると共に、前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力設定値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とから有効電力指令値を算出し、前記蓄電池が充放電可能な状態で前記無効電力検出値が前記無効電力要求値を超えている時は、前記有効電力指令値と無効電力指令値を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路に出力して、前記有効電力指令値に応じた有効電力を前記蓄電池から前記船内母線へ放電あるいは前記船内母線の電力で前記蓄電池を充電させつつ、無効電力指令値に応じた無効電力を前記インバータ回路から前記船内母線に供給することにより、前記船内母線の有効電力が前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力に、また、力率が前記力率設定器で設定した力率となるように制御し、前記無効電力検出値が前記無効電力要求値を超えていない時は、前記有効電力指令値のみを前記インバータ回路に出力して、前記船内母線の有効電力を前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力に制御することを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 1 is an inboard power system that supplies output power generated by an inboard generator to an inboard load via an inboard bus, and the inboard bus has an inverter circuit. A storage battery connected via a charge / discharge device, a power factor setter for setting the power factor of the inboard bus, an active power setter for setting the active power of the inboard bus, and a power factor of the inboard bus A power factor detector; an active power detector that detects an active power of the inboard bus; and a power factor control device that monitors a charge state of the storage battery and controls the charge / discharge device, and the power factor control The apparatus calculates a reactive power request value from the power factor setting value set by the power factor setting device and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector, and the power factor detection detected by the power factor detector Value and the active power detector The reactive power detection value is calculated from the generated active power detection value, the reactive power command value is calculated from the deviation between the reactive power request value and the reactive power detection value, and the active power set by the active power setting device When the active power command value is calculated from the set value and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector, and the reactive power detection value exceeds the reactive power request value in a state where the storage battery is chargeable / dischargeable Outputs the active power command value and the reactive power command value to the inverter circuit of the charging / discharging device, and discharges the active power corresponding to the active power command value from the storage battery to the inboard bus or the power of the inboard bus The reactive power corresponding to the reactive power command value is supplied from the inverter circuit to the inboard bus while the storage battery is charged in the active power setting device. When the reactive power detection value does not exceed the reactive power requirement value, the active power command is controlled so that the power factor becomes the power factor set by the power factor setting device. Only the value is output to the inverter circuit, and the active power of the inboard bus is controlled to the active power set by the active power setting device.

また、請求項2に係る発明は、船内発電機で発電した電力を、船内母線を介して船内負荷に供給する船内電力システムにおいて、前記船内母線にインバータ回路を有する充放電装置を介して接続される蓄電池と、前記船内母線の力率を設定する力率設定器と、前記船内母線の力率を検出する力率検出器と、前記船内母線の有効電力を検出する有効電力検出器と、前記力率設定器で設定した力率設定値と前記力率検出器で検出した力率検出値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とをもとに無効電力指令値を算出し、前記無効電力指令値に応じた無効電力を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路から前記船内母線に供給する力率制御装置とを有したことを特徴とする。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an inboard power system that supplies electric power generated by an inboard generator to an inboard load via an inboard bus, and is connected to the inboard bus via a charging / discharging device having an inverter circuit. A storage battery, a power factor setter for setting the power factor of the inboard bus, a power factor detector for detecting the power factor of the inboard bus, an active power detector for detecting the effective power of the inboard bus, and Reactive power command value is calculated based on the power factor setting value set by the power factor setting device, the power factor detection value detected by the power factor detector, and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector, And a power factor control device for supplying reactive power corresponding to the reactive power command value from the inverter circuit of the charging / discharging device to the inboard bus.

本発明によれば、船内における船内母線の力率、すなわち船内発電機の力率を力率設定器で設定した力率設定値に制御することができるので、効率の良い状態で船内発電機を運転できる船内電力システムを提供することが可能となる。
すなわち、本発明は、有効電力検出器で検出される有効電力検出値と力率設定器で設定される力率設定値とから無効電力要求値を演算し、船内母線の無効電力が、その要求値を超えようとすると、それに応じた無効電力がインバータ回路から船内母線へ供給されるので、電動機をダイレクト起動した場合など、無効電力が一時的に増加する時も、船内発電機から供給される無効電力及び皮相電力が増加せず、言い換えると船内発電機の力率が力率設定器で設定される力率設定値に制限され、船内発電機の運転効率を最適な状態に保持できる。その結果、船内発電機の容量を大きくする必要がなくなり、限られた船内スペースにも、十分設置できる寸法に抑えることができる。
According to the present invention, the power factor of the inboard bus in the ship, that is, the power factor of the inboard generator can be controlled to the power factor set value set by the power factor setting device, so that the inboard generator can be operated in an efficient state. It is possible to provide an onboard power system that can be operated.
That is, the present invention calculates a reactive power request value from the active power detection value detected by the active power detector and the power factor setting value set by the power factor setting device, and the reactive power of the inboard bus is calculated as the required power. If you try to exceed the value, reactive power will be supplied from the inverter circuit to the inboard bus, so even if the reactive power temporarily increases, such as when the motor is started directly, it will be supplied from the inboard generator. The reactive power and the apparent power do not increase. In other words, the power factor of the inboard generator is limited to the power factor setting value set by the power factor setting device, and the operation efficiency of the inboard generator can be maintained in an optimum state. As a result, it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the onboard generator, and it is possible to reduce the size to a sufficient size so that it can be installed in a limited inboard space.

本実施形態における船内電力システムの主回路構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the main circuit structure of the inboard power system in this embodiment. 本実施形態における船内電力システムの制御機能を説明するブロック図。The block diagram explaining the control function of the inboard power system in this embodiment. 本実施形態における船内電力システムの作用効果を説明するための定格負荷時の船内発電機の電力ベクトル図。The electric power vector figure of the inboard generator at the time of the rated load for demonstrating the effect of the inboard electric power system in this embodiment. 本実施形態における船内電力システムの作用効果を説明するための負荷投入時での船内発電機の電力ベクトル図。The electric power vector figure of the inboard generator at the time of load injection for demonstrating the effect of the inboard electric power system in this embodiment. 本実施形態における船内電力システムの作用効果を説明するための定格負荷抑制状態での電力ベクトル図。The electric power vector figure in the rated load suppression state for demonstrating the effect of the ship electric power system in this embodiment. 従来における船内電力システムの主回路構成を示すブロック図。The block diagram which shows the main circuit structure of the conventional shipboard power system. 従来における船内電力システムの制御機能を説明するブロック図。The block diagram explaining the control function of the conventional inboard power system.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
図1は、本実施形態における船内電力システムの主回路構成を示すブロック図である。なお、図6に示す船内電力システムの構成と同一部分については同じ符号を付して詳細な説明を省略する。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a main circuit configuration of an inboard power system in the present embodiment. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the same part as the structure of the inboard power system shown in FIG. 6, and detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

本実施形態における船内電力システムは、図6に示す構成に加えて、力率制御装置15、力率設定器15−1、有効電力設定器15−2、力率検出器16−1、有効電力検出器16−2、遮断器17−1,17−2,17−3、電動機等の負荷18−1,18−2,18−3が設けられる。なお、図1に示す船内電力システムは、図6に示す電力変動検出器10と電力検出器11と有効電力設定器10−1を具備していない。   In addition to the configuration shown in FIG. 6, the inboard power system in the present embodiment includes a power factor control device 15, a power factor setter 15-1, an active power setter 15-2, a power factor detector 16-1, an active power. Detectors 16-2, circuit breakers 17-1, 17-2, 17-3, and loads 18-1, 18-2, 18-3 such as electric motors are provided. The inboard power system shown in FIG. 1 does not include the power fluctuation detector 10, the power detector 11, and the active power setting device 10-1 shown in FIG.

力率検出器16−1は、船内母線4と接続されており、船内発電機1−1,1−2,1−3により発電されて船内母線4(船内負荷)へ供給される電力の力率(力率検出値)、即ち船内母線4の力率を検出する。   The power factor detector 16-1 is connected to the inboard bus 4, and is the power of electric power generated by the inboard generators 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and supplied to the inboard bus 4 (inboard load). The rate (power factor detection value), that is, the power factor of the inboard bus 4 is detected.

有効電力検出器16−2は、船内母線4と接続されており、船内発電機1−1〜1−3により発電されて船内母線4(船内負荷)へ供給される有効電力(有効電力検出値)、即ち船内母線4の有効電力を検出する。   The active power detector 16-2 is connected to the inboard bus 4, and is generated by the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 and supplied to the inboard bus 4 (inboard load) (active power detection value). ), That is, the active power of the inboard bus 4 is detected.

力率設定器15−1は、力率制御装置15と接続され、船内発電機1−1〜1−3により発電されて船内母線4(船内負荷)へ供給される電力(船内発電機の総出力)の力率(力率設定値)、即ち船内母線4の力率を設定する。   The power factor setter 15-1 is connected to the power factor control device 15, and is generated by the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 and supplied to the inboard bus 4 (inboard load) (total of inboard generators). Output) power factor (power factor setting value), that is, the power factor of the inboard bus 4 is set.

有効電力設定器15−2は、力率制御装置15と接続され、船内発電機1−1〜1−3により発電されて船内母線4(船内負荷)へ供給される電力(船内発電機の総出力)の有効電力(有効電力設定値)、即ち船内母線4の有効電力を設定する。   The active power setter 15-2 is connected to the power factor control device 15, and generates power from the onboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 to be supplied to the inboard bus 4 (inboard load) (total of inboard generators). Output) active power (active power set value), that is, the active power of the inboard bus 4 is set.

力率制御装置15は、蓄電池7−1の充電状態を監視し、力率設定器15−1で設定された力率設定値、有効電力設定器15−2で設定された有効電力設定値、力率検出器16−1により検出される力率検出値、及び有効電力検出器16−2により検出される有効電力検出値をもとに、有効電力指令値を算出すると共に、無効電力要求値と無効電力検出値を演算して無効電力指令値を算出し、蓄電池7−1が充放電可能な状態で、無効電力検出値が無効電力要求値を超えた時に、有効電力指令値と無効電力指令値を充放電装置7のインバータ回路に出力してPWM制御し、蓄電池7−1を充放電制御、即ち船内母線の有効電力を制御しつつ、船内母線の無効電力を制御して、船内母線4に供給される電力の力率を力率設定器15−1で設定される設定値に制御する。   The power factor control device 15 monitors the state of charge of the storage battery 7-1, the power factor set value set by the power factor setter 15-1, the active power set value set by the active power setter 15-2, The active power command value is calculated based on the power factor detection value detected by the power factor detector 16-1 and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector 16-2. And the reactive power detection value is calculated to calculate the reactive power command value. When the reactive power detection value exceeds the reactive power request value in a state where the storage battery 7-1 is chargeable / dischargeable, the active power command value and the reactive power are calculated. The command value is output to the inverter circuit of the charging / discharging device 7 for PWM control, and the storage battery 7-1 is charged / discharged, that is, the reactive power of the inboard bus is controlled while controlling the active power of the inboard bus. 4 is set by the power factor setting unit 15-1. To control in that setting.

また、無効電力検出値が無効電力要求値を超えない場合は、有効電力指令値のみを充放電装置7のインバータ回路に出力して蓄電池7−1を充放電制御、即ち船内母線の有効電力のみを制御する。力率制御装置15の詳細な構成については後述する(図2)。   When the detected reactive power value does not exceed the required reactive power value, only the active power command value is output to the inverter circuit of the charging / discharging device 7 to charge / discharge the storage battery 7-1, that is, only the active power of the inboard bus. To control. The detailed configuration of the power factor control device 15 will be described later (FIG. 2).

電動機等の負荷18−1〜18−3は、それぞれ遮断器17−1〜17−3を介して、船内母線4と接続される。   Loads 18-1 to 18-3 such as electric motors are connected to the inboard bus 4 via circuit breakers 17-1 to 17-3, respectively.

本実施形態における船内電力システムは、力率制御装置15の制御により、船内発電機の力率が力率設定器15−1で設定された力率設定値に抑制されるので、電動機等をダイレクト起動した場合など、無効電力が一時的に増加する時も、船内発電機の運転効率を最適な状態に保持させることができる。   In the inboard power system in the present embodiment, the power factor of the inboard generator is suppressed to the power factor set value set by the power factor setter 15-1 by the control of the power factor control device 15. Even when the reactive power temporarily increases, such as when it is activated, the operating efficiency of the onboard generator can be maintained in an optimum state.

図2は、本実施形態における船内電力システムの制御機能を説明するブロック図である。図2において、有効電力演算装置19、無効電力演算装置20、無効電力要求値演算装置21、演算器22、第1の減算器24、及び第2の減算器25は、図1の力率制御装置15に設けられ、インバータ回路23は、充放電装置7に設けられる。   FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a control function of the inboard power system in the present embodiment. In FIG. 2, the active power calculation device 19, the reactive power calculation device 20, the reactive power request value calculation device 21, the calculation unit 22, the first subtractor 24, and the second subtracter 25 are the same as the power factor control in FIG. The inverter circuit 23 is provided in the charging / discharging device 7.

無効電力演算装置20は、有効電力検出器16−2で検出した有効電力検出値Pと力率検出器16−1で検出した力率検出値pfとから船内母線4の無効電力検出値Qを演算する。無効電力演算装置20は、例えば以下の(式1)に基づいて、無効電力検出値Qを演算することができる。

Figure 2016039681
Reactive power calculation unit 20, active power detector 16-2 detects at active power detected value P L and power factor detector 16-1 reactive power detected value of the inboard bus 4 from the power factor and the detected value pf L detected Q L is calculated. The reactive power calculation device 20 can calculate the reactive power detection value Q L based on, for example, the following (Formula 1).
Figure 2016039681

無効電力要求値演算装置21は、力率設定器15−1で設定した力率設定値pf と有効電力検出値Pとから、船内母線4の無効電力要求値Q を演算する。無効電力要求値演算装置21は、例えば以下の(式2)に基づいて、無効電力要求値Q を演算することができる。

Figure 2016039681
Reactive power required value calculating unit 21, the power factor set value set by the power factor setter 15-1 pf g * and the active power detected value P L, computes the reactive power required value of the inboard bus 4 Q g * . The reactive power requirement value calculation device 21 can calculate the reactive power requirement value Q g * based on, for example, the following (Equation 2).
Figure 2016039681

第1の減算器24は、無効電力演算装置20で演算した無効電力検出値Qから無効電力要求値演算装置21で演算した無効電力要求値Q を減算し、無効電力指令値±QINV **を算出する。 The first subtracter 24 subtracts the reactive power request value Q g * calculated by the reactive power request value calculation device 21 from the reactive power detection value Q L calculated by the reactive power calculation device 20 to obtain a reactive power command value ± Q. Calculate INV ** .

演算器22は、第1の減算器24で算出した無効電力指令値±QINV **から、QINV **>0の場合、即ち無効電力検出値Qが無効電力要求値Q より大きい場合にのみ無効電力指令値+QINV をインバータ回路23に出力する。 The arithmetic unit 22 determines that the reactive power command value ± Q INV ** calculated by the first subtractor 24 is Q INV ** > 0, that is, the reactive power detection value Q L is based on the reactive power request value Q g * . Only when it is larger, the reactive power command value + Q INV * is output to the inverter circuit 23.

第2の減算器25は、有効電力検出器16−2で検出した有効電力検出値Pから有効電力設定器15−2で設定された有効電力設定値P を減算して有効電力指令値±PINV **を算出する。 Second subtractor 25, the effective power command by subtracting the set by active power setter 15-2 from active power detected value P L detected by the active power detector 16-2 active power set value P g * Calculate the value ± P INV ** .

有効電力演算装置19は、有効電力指令値±PINV **からPINV **>0の場合、即ち、有効電力検出値Pが有効電力設定値P より大きい場合は、+PINV をインバータ回路23に出力し、PINV **<0の場合、即ち、有効電力検出値Pが有効電力設定値P より小さい場合は、−PINV をインバータ回路23に出力する。 When the active power command value ± P INV ** to P INV ** > 0, that is, when the active power detection value P L is larger than the active power set value P g *, the active power calculation device 19 + P INV * Is output to the inverter circuit 23. When P INV ** <0, that is, when the active power detection value P L is smaller than the active power setting value P g * , -P INV * is output to the inverter circuit 23.

インバータ回路23は、演算器22から出力された無効電力指令値+QINV と、有効電力演算装置19から出力された有効電力指令値+PINV あるいは−PINV を入力し、有効電力検出値Pが有効電力設定値P より大きい場合に有効電力演算装置19から出力される有効電力指令値+PINV に応じた有効電力を蓄電池7−1から放電し、有効電力検出値Pが有効電力設定値P より小さい場合に有効電力演算装置19から出力される有効電力指令値−PINV に応じた有効電力を、船内母線4の電力から蓄電池7−1に充電しつつ、無効電力検出値Qが無効電力要求値Q を超えている時は、無効電力指令値+QINV に応じた無効電力を船内母線4に供給するようにパルス幅変調(PWM(Pulse Width Modulation))制御を行う。 The inverter circuit 23 receives the reactive power command value + Q INV * output from the calculator 22 and the active power command value + P INV * or −P INV * output from the active power calculation device 19, and detects the active power detection value. When P L is larger than the active power set value P g * , the active power corresponding to the active power command value + P INV * output from the active power calculation device 19 is discharged from the storage battery 7-1, and the active power detection value P L is discharged. Is charged to the storage battery 7-1 from the power of the inboard bus 4 while charging the active power according to the active power command value -P INV * output from the active power calculation device 19 when the power is smaller than the active power set value P g *. when the reactive power detected value Q L exceeds the reactive power required value Q g * so as to supply the reactive power in accordance with the reactive power command value + Q INV * on board bus 4 pulse width modulation (PW (Pulse Width Modulation)) performs the control.

このように、力率制御装置15からの指令値により充放電装置7のインバータ回路23をPWM制御することにより、船内発電機1−1〜1−3から出力される有効電力は、有効電力設定器15−2で設定される有効電力設定値P に制限されると共に、無効電力検出値Qが無効電力要求値Q を超えている時は、無効電力は、力率設定値pf と有効電力検出値Pとから演算される無効電力要求値Q 以下に抑制される。その結果、力率は、力率設定器15−1で設定される力率設定値pf 以下に制限される。 In this way, the active power output from the onboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 is set to the active power by PWM control of the inverter circuit 23 of the charging / discharging device 7 according to the command value from the power factor control device 15. together is limited to the active power set value P g * that is set by the vessel 15-2, when the reactive power detected value Q L exceeds the reactive power required value Q g * is reactive power, power factor set value pf g * and active power detected value P L disable power requirement value is calculated from the Q g * is suppressed below. As a result, the power factor is limited to a power factor set value pf g * or less set by the power factor setter 15-1.

図3、図4、及び図5は、本実施形態における船内電力システムの作用効果を説明するための船内発電機1−1〜1−3の電力ベクトル図である。図3は、船内発電機1−1〜1−3が定格負荷で運転している状態を示し、図4は定格負荷で運転中の船内発電機1−1〜1−3に電動機等の負荷18−1〜18−3が投入された時の状態を示し、図5は本実施形態における制御機能により船内発電機1−1〜1−3が定格負荷状態に抑制されたときの状態を示している。   3, 4, and 5 are power vector diagrams of the onboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 for explaining the operational effects of the onboard power system in the present embodiment. FIG. 3 shows a state in which the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 are operating at a rated load, and FIG. 4 shows a load such as an electric motor on the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 operating at the rated load. FIG. 5 shows a state when the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 are suppressed to the rated load state by the control function in the present embodiment. ing.

図3に示す定格運転状態では、皮相電力VA1、無効電力VAR1、有効電力W1とし、力率に相当する力率角をθ1としている。ここで、例えば電動機等の負荷18−1〜18−3が投入されると、船内発電機1−1〜1−3により船内母線4へ供給される電力、即ち、皮相電力VA2、無効電力VAR2、有効電力W2は、図4に示すように、図3に示す皮相電力VA1、無効電力VAR1、有効電力W1よりそれぞれ大きくなる。また、力率角は、図2に示すθ1からθ2に変化し、力率が悪くなることを示している。   In the rated operation state shown in FIG. 3, the apparent power VA1, the reactive power VAR1, and the active power W1 are set, and the power factor angle corresponding to the power factor is θ1. Here, for example, when loads 18-1 to 18-3 such as electric motors are input, the power supplied to the inboard bus 4 by the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3, that is, the apparent power VA2 and the reactive power VAR2 As shown in FIG. 4, the active power W2 is larger than the apparent power VA1, the reactive power VAR1, and the active power W1 shown in FIG. Further, the power factor angle changes from θ1 shown in FIG. 2 to θ2, indicating that the power factor becomes worse.

本実施形態における船内電力システムでは、電動機等の負荷18−1〜18−3の投入に伴って、皮相電力、無効電力、有効電力が大きくなると、船内母線4の有効電力および力率を、それぞれ有効電力設定器15−2で設定される有効電力設定値P および力率設定器15−1で設定される力率設定値pf に制限するよう充放電装置7を制御するため、図5に示すように、VAR2−VAR1の無効電力が、またW2−W1の有効電力が制御され、その結果として、電動機等の負荷18−1〜18−3が投入された後の皮相電力VA3、無効電力VAR3、有効電力W3は、図3に示す定格負荷で運転している状態とほぼ同じになり、力率角θ3もほぼθ1に改善される。 In the inboard power system in the present embodiment, when the apparent power, reactive power, and active power increase as the loads 18-1 to 18-3 such as electric motors are turned on, the active power and power factor of the inboard bus 4 are respectively set. In order to control the charging / discharging device 7 to be limited to the active power set value P g * set by the active power setter 15-2 and the power factor set value pf g * set by the power factor setter 15-1, As shown in FIG. 5, the reactive power of VAR2-VAR1 and the active power of W2-W1 are controlled. As a result, the apparent power VA3 after the loads 18-1 to 18-3 such as electric motors are input. The reactive power VAR3 and the active power W3 are substantially the same as in the state of operating at the rated load shown in FIG. 3, and the power factor angle θ3 is also improved to approximately θ1.

尚、船内母線4の無効電力検出値Qが無効電力要求値Q より小さい時は、インバータ回路23は、有効電力演算装置19から出力される有効電力指令値+PINV あるいは−PINV に応じて、それぞれ蓄電池7−1から船内母線4へ有効電力を放電あるいは船内母線4の電力により蓄電池7−1を充電し、無効電力の制御は行わない。 When the reactive power detection value Q L of the inboard bus 4 is smaller than the reactive power requirement value Q g * , the inverter circuit 23 outputs the active power command value + P INV * or −P INV output from the active power calculation device 19. In accordance with * , the active power is discharged from the storage battery 7-1 to the inboard bus 4 or the storage battery 7-1 is charged by the power of the inboard bus 4, and the reactive power is not controlled.

このようにして、船内母線4の力率及び有効電力を検出し、船内発電機1−1〜1−3の力率及び有効電力がそれぞれ所定の力率設定値以下、及び有効電力設定値となるように、力率制御装置15からの指令値により充放電装置7を制御するので、電動機等の負荷18−1〜18−3が投入されても船内発電機1−1〜1−3の電力を定格負荷状態に抑制できる。その結果として船内発電機1−1〜1−3を力率の良い、即ち、運転効率の良い状態で運転できると共に、始動電流の影響による運転効率の低下を考慮して発電機容量を大きくする必要がないため、限られた船内スペースにも十分設置が可能な大きさに抑制することができる効果がある。   In this way, the power factor and active power of the inboard bus 4 are detected, and the power factor and active power of the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 are respectively equal to or lower than the predetermined power factor set value and the active power set value. Thus, since the charging / discharging device 7 is controlled by a command value from the power factor control device 15, even if loads 18-1 to 18-3 such as electric motors are turned on, the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 Electric power can be suppressed to the rated load state. As a result, the inboard generators 1-1 to 1-3 can be operated with a good power factor, that is, with a high operating efficiency, and the generator capacity is increased in consideration of a decrease in the operating efficiency due to the influence of the starting current. Since it is not necessary, there is an effect that it can be suppressed to a size that can be sufficiently installed even in a limited ship space.

1−1,1−2,1−3…船内発電機、2−1,2−2,2−3…エンジン、3−1,3−2,3−3…遮断器、4…船内母線、5−1,5−2…遮断器、6−1,6−2…船内負荷、7…充放電装置、7−1…蓄電池、8…遮断器、12…推進用インバータ、13…電気推進用電動機、14…推進用プロペラ、15…力率制御装置、15−1…力率設定器、15−2…有効電力設定器、16−1…力率検出器、16−2…有効電力検出器、17−1,17−2,17−3…遮断器、18−1,18−2,18−3…電動機等の負荷、19…有効電力演算装置、20…無効電力演算装置、21…無効電力要求値演算装置、22…演算器、23…インバータ回路、24…第1の減算器、25…第2の減算器。 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 ... inboard generator, 2-1,2-2,2-3 ... engine, 3-1,3-2,3-3 ... breaker, 4 ... inboard bus, 5-1, 5-2 ... circuit breaker, 6-1, 6-2 ... ship load, 7 ... charge / discharge device, 7-1 ... storage battery, 8 ... circuit breaker, 12 ... inverter for propulsion, 13 ... for electric propulsion Electric motor, 14 ... propeller for propulsion, 15 ... power factor control device, 15-1 ... power factor setter, 15-2 ... active power setter, 16-1 ... power factor detector, 16-2 ... active power detector , 17-1, 17-2, 17-3 ... circuit breaker, 18-1, 18-2, 18-3 ... load such as an electric motor, 19 ... active power calculation device, 20 ... reactive power calculation device, 21 ... invalid Power requirement value calculation device, 22 ... calculator, 23 ... inverter circuit, 24 ... first subtractor, 25 ... second subtractor.

また、請求項2に係る発明は、船内発電機で発電した電力を、船内母線を介して船内負荷に供給する船内電力システムにおいて、前記船内母線にインバータ回路を有する充放電装置を介して接続される蓄電池と、前記船内母線の力率を設定する力率設定器と、前記船内母線の力率を検出する力率検出器と、前記船内母線の有効電力を検出する有効電力検出器と、前記船内母線の有効電力を設定する有効電力設定器と、前記蓄電池の充電状態を監視し、前記充放電装置を制御する力率制御装置とを有し、前記力率制御装置は、前記力率設定器で設定した力率設定値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とから無効電力要求値を演算する無効電力要求値演算装置と、前記力率検出器で検出した力率検出値と前記有効電力検出値とから無効電力検出値を演算する無効電力演算装置と、前記無効電力要求値と前記無効電力検出値との差から無効電力指令値を算出する第1の減算器と、前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力設定値と前記有効電力検出値との差から有効電力指令値を算出する第2の減算器と、前記蓄電池が充放電可能な状態の時に、前記有効電力指令値を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路に出力して、前記有効電力指令値に応じた有効電力を前記蓄電池から前記船内母線へ放電あるいは前記船内母線の電力で前記蓄電池を充電させる有効電力演算装置と、前記無効電力検出値が前記無効電力要求値を超えている時は、前記有効電力指令値と共に前記無効電力指令値を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路に出力して、前記無効電力指令値に応じた無効電力を前記インバータ回路から前記船内母線に供給する演算器とを有することを特徴とする。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an inboard power system that supplies electric power generated by an inboard generator to an inboard load via an inboard bus, and is connected to the inboard bus via a charging / discharging device having an inverter circuit. and the storage battery that the power factor setting unit for setting the power factor of the inboard bus, a power factor detector for detecting a power factor of the inboard bus, and active power detector for detecting the active power of the ship bus, wherein An active power setting device for setting the active power of the inboard bus; and a power factor control device for monitoring a charging state of the storage battery and controlling the charging / discharging device , wherein the power factor control device is configured to set the power factor A reactive power request value calculation device that calculates a reactive power request value from a power factor setting value set by a detector and an active power detection value detected by the active power detector, and a power factor detection value detected by the power factor detector And the active power detection value A reactive power calculation device that calculates a detected power value, a first subtractor that calculates a reactive power command value from a difference between the required reactive power value and the detected reactive power value, and an active power set by the active power setting device A second subtractor for calculating an active power command value from a difference between a power setting value and the detected active power value; and when the storage battery is in a chargeable / dischargeable state, the active power command value is converted into an inverter of the charge / discharge device. Output to the circuit, discharging the active power according to the active power command value from the storage battery to the inboard bus or charging the storage battery with the power of the inboard bus, and the reactive power detection value is the When the reactive power request value is exceeded, the reactive power command value is output to the inverter circuit of the charging / discharging device together with the active power command value, and the reactive power corresponding to the reactive power command value is output to the inverter. Characterized in that the capacitor circuit and an arithmetic unit for supplying to said inboard bus.

Claims (3)

船内発電機で発電した出力電力を、船内母線を介して船内負荷に供給する船内電力システムにおいて、
船内母線にインバータ回路を有する充放電装置を介して接続する蓄電池と、
前記船内母線の力率を設定する力率設定器と、
前記船内母線の有効電力を設定する有効電力設定器と、
前記船内母線の力率を検出する力率検出器と、
前記船内母線の有効電力を検出する有効電力検出器と、
前記蓄電池の充電状態を監視し、前記充放電装置を制御する力率制御装置とを有し、
前記力率制御装置は、
前記力率設定器で設定した力率設定値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とから無効電力要求値を演算すると共に、
前記力率検出器で検出した力率検出値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とから無効電力検出値を演算し、前記無効電力要求値と前記無効電力検出値との偏差から無効電力指令値を算出すると共に、
前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力設定値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とから有効電力指令値を算出し、
前記蓄電池が充放電可能な状態で前記無効電力検出値が前記無効電力要求値を超えている時は、前記有効電力指令値と無効電力指令値を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路に出力して、前記有効電力指令値に応じた有効電力を前記蓄電池から前記船内母線へ放電あるいは前記船内母線の電力で前記蓄電池を充電させつつ、インバータ回路から無効電力指令値に応じた無効電力を前記船内母線に供給することにより、
前記船内母線の有効電力が前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力に、また、力率が前記力率設定器で設定した力率となるように制御し、
前記無効電力検出値が前記無効電力要求値を超えていない時は、前記有効電力指令値のみを前記インバータ回路に出力して、前記船内母線の有効電力を前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力に制御することを特徴とする船内電力システム。
In the inboard power system that supplies the output power generated by the inboard generator to the inboard load via the inboard bus,
A storage battery connected to the inboard bus line via a charging / discharging device having an inverter circuit;
A power factor setter for setting the power factor of the inboard bus;
An active power setting device for setting the active power of the inboard bus;
A power factor detector for detecting the power factor of the inboard bus;
An active power detector for detecting the active power of the inboard bus; and
A power factor control device that monitors the state of charge of the storage battery and controls the charge / discharge device;
The power factor control device is:
While calculating the reactive power request value from the power factor setting value set by the power factor setting device and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector,
A reactive power detection value is calculated from the power factor detection value detected by the power factor detector and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector, and the deviation between the reactive power request value and the reactive power detection value is calculated. While calculating the reactive power command value,
An active power command value is calculated from the active power setting value set by the active power setting device and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector,
When the reactive power detection value exceeds the reactive power requirement value in a state where the storage battery is chargeable / dischargeable, the active power command value and the reactive power command value are output to the inverter circuit of the charging / discharging device, While discharging the active power corresponding to the active power command value from the storage battery to the inboard bus or charging the storage battery with the power of the inboard bus, the reactive power corresponding to the reactive power command value is supplied from the inverter circuit to the inboard bus. By supplying
Control so that the active power of the inboard bus is the active power set by the active power setter, and the power factor is the power factor set by the power factor setter,
When the reactive power detection value does not exceed the reactive power requirement value, only the active power command value is output to the inverter circuit, and the active power of the inboard bus is set by the active power setting device. An inboard power system characterized by control.
船内発電機で発電した電力を、船内母線を介して船内負荷に供給する船内電力システムにおいて、
船内母線にインバータ回路を有する充放電装置を介して接続される蓄電池と、
前記船内母線の力率を設定する力率設定器と、
前記船内母線の力率を検出する力率検出器と、
前記船内母線の有効電力を検出する有効電力検出器と、
前記力率設定器で設定した力率設定値と前記力率検出器で検出した力率検出値と前記有効電力検出器で検出した有効電力検出値とをもとに無効電力指令値を算出し、前記無効電力指令値に応じた無効電力を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路から前記船内母線に供給する力率制御装置と
を有したことを特徴とする船内電力システム。
In the ship power system that supplies the power generated by the ship generator to the ship load via the ship bus,
A storage battery connected to the inboard bus line via a charging / discharging device having an inverter circuit;
A power factor setter for setting the power factor of the inboard bus;
A power factor detector for detecting the power factor of the inboard bus;
An active power detector for detecting the active power of the inboard bus; and
A reactive power command value is calculated based on the power factor setting value set by the power factor setting device, the power factor detection value detected by the power factor detector, and the active power detection value detected by the active power detector. An inboard power system comprising: a power factor control device for supplying reactive power corresponding to the reactive power command value from the inverter circuit of the charge / discharge device to the inboard bus.
前記船内母線の有効電力を設定する有効電力設定器をさらに有し、
前記力率制御装置は、
前記力率設定値と前記有効電力検出値とから無効電力要求値を演算する無効電力要求値演算装置と、
前記力率検出値と前記有効電力検出値とから無効電力検出値を演算する無効電力演算装置と、
前記無効電力要求値と前記無効電力検出値との差から無効電力指令値を算出する第1の減算器と、
前記有効電力設定器で設定した有効電力設定値と前記有効電力検出値との差から有効電力指令値を算出する第2の減算器と、
前記蓄電池が充放電可能な状態の時に、前記有効電力指令値を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路に出力して、前記有効電力指令値に応じた有効電力を前記蓄電池から前記船内母線へ放電あるいは前記船内母線の電力で前記蓄電池を充電させる有効電力演算装置と、
前記無効電力検出値が前記無効電力要求値を超えている時は、前記有効電力指令値と共に前記無効電力指令値を前記充放電装置のインバータ回路に出力して、前記無効電力指令値に応じた無効電力を前記インバータ回路から前記船内母線に供給させる演算器とを有する請求項2記載の船内電力システム。
An active power setting device for setting the active power of the inboard bus;
The power factor control device is:
A reactive power request value calculation device that calculates a reactive power request value from the power factor setting value and the active power detection value;
A reactive power calculation device that calculates a reactive power detection value from the power factor detection value and the active power detection value;
A first subtractor that calculates a reactive power command value from a difference between the reactive power request value and the reactive power detection value;
A second subtractor for calculating an active power command value from a difference between the active power setting value set by the active power setting device and the active power detection value;
When the storage battery is in a chargeable / dischargeable state, the active power command value is output to the inverter circuit of the charge / discharge device, and the active power corresponding to the active power command value is discharged from the storage battery to the inboard bus or the An active power calculation device for charging the storage battery with the power of the inboard bus; and
When the reactive power detection value exceeds the reactive power request value, the reactive power command value is output to the inverter circuit of the charge / discharge device together with the active power command value, and the reactive power command value is The inboard power system according to claim 2, further comprising: an arithmetic unit configured to supply reactive power from the inverter circuit to the inboard bus.
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