JP2016027434A - Liquid crystal display device employing lateral electric field system, and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a liquid crystal display device employing an FFS mode lateral electric field, which is a good display device as preventing a white-tinged appearance of delicate coloration when viewed from any viewing angles, by suppressing a shift in voltage-transmittance characteristics toward a lower voltage side when the device is viewed at an oblique viewing angle along the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal.SOLUTION: The liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a transparent electrode (1) formed into a plane and a stripe transparent electrode (9) disposed thereon via an insulating film, and controls display by rotating a liquid crystal that is aligned substantially parallel to a substrate, within a plane that is substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the above electrodes. Each pixel constituting the display is divided into two regions. Extending directions of stripe electrodes (9) in the respective regions are orthogonal to each other; alignment directions of the liquid crystal in the respective regions are orthogonal to each other; and angles formed between the extending directions of the stripe electrode and the alignment directions of the liquid crystal are the same.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

  The present invention relates to a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that realizes an active matrix liquid crystal display device having excellent viewing angle characteristics.

  The widely used TN (Twisted Nematic) method has a high contrast, but has a problem that the viewing angle dependency is remarkable because the molecular axis of the liquid crystal is raised by a vertical electric field. In recent years, display devices for large monitors such as TVs and portable information terminals are required to obtain the same image quality from any location. In order to meet this demand, a method of applying an electric field substantially parallel to the substrate, such as an IPS (In-plane Switching) method or an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) method, and rotating the liquid crystal on a surface substantially parallel to the substrate. The adoption of, is spreading.

  In these lateral electric field systems, the molecular axes of horizontally aligned nematic liquid crystals are rotated in a plane parallel to the substrate by the lateral electric field. Thereby, since the change of the image quality by the viewing angle direction accompanying the rise | rising of a molecular axis can be suppressed, a viewing angle characteristic can be improved.

  However, even in the case of the horizontal electric field method, the viewing angle characteristics are not perfect. In particular, nematic liquid crystals used in the transverse electric field method have uniaxial optical anisotropy, and therefore a predetermined retardation can be obtained when viewed from the normal direction of the substrate. However, as shown in FIG. 16, when the viewing angle is tilted from the normal line of the substrate and viewed from the oblique viewing direction, the viewing angle is tilted in the major axis direction of the liquid crystal and the viewing angle is tilted in the minor axis direction of the liquid crystal. And the retardation by the liquid crystal layer shows different changes. When the viewing angle is tilted in the minor axis direction, the apparent refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal does not change, and the optical path length transmitted through the liquid crystal layer increases, so that the retardation Δn · d increases. On the other hand, when the viewing angle is inclined in the major axis direction, the apparent refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal is reduced, so that the optical path length is increased but the retardation Δn · d is decreased.

  Normally, in the horizontal electric field method, no voltage is applied and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is aligned with one of the absorption axes 28 and 29 (FIG. 16) of the crossed Nicols polarizing plate to display black, and the liquid crystal is applied by applying a horizontal electric field. A white display is obtained by rotating from the direction of the polarization axis. At this time, for the reasons described above, when looking from the oblique viewing field of the rotated liquid crystal orientation, the effective retardation is reduced, so the chromaticity shifts in the blue direction, and from the oblique viewing field perpendicular to the rotated liquid crystal orientation. If you look at it, the effective retardation increases, so the chromaticity shifts in the red direction and both colors.

  As shown in FIG. 17A, the polarization axes 60 and 61 are orthogonal to each other from the front direction, and the transmitted light is controlled by rotating the liquid crystal in the polarization axes. However, when viewed from an oblique field of view at an angle of 45 ° from the polarization axis, the transmission axis of the polarizing plate is not orthogonal as shown in FIGS. 17B and 17C, and the normal light direction 62 of the liquid crystal is the non-orthogonal polarization axis. It will rotate between. For this reason, in a state where the normal light azimuth 62 of the liquid crystal is oriented in the direction of the polarization axis of the incident side (black display from the front), light leakage occurs in the oblique field of view and black is floated. Further, when viewed from the viewing angle direction in which the arrangement is as shown in FIG. 17B, the luminance is lower than that in the black display state when the liquid crystal is rotated slightly from the black display state in the front, so that gradation inversion occurs.

  In the technique described in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 20A, the direction of the electric field 70 applied to the liquid crystal with respect to the initial alignment direction 69 of the liquid crystal is a constant angle with respect to the initial alignment direction 69 of the liquid crystal. The method of making two directions opposite to each other is shown. Thus, by setting the electric field 70 in two directions, if the regions where the respective transverse electric fields are generated are the region 1 (65) and the region 2 (66), the liquid crystals in the regions 1 and 2 have different rotation directions. Take.

  When viewed from an oblique field at a viewing angle azimuth 71 of 45 ° with the absorption axes 28 and 29 of both polarizing plates, the liquid crystal is rotated in two directions forming about 45 ° from the direction of the polarization axis in white display. As shown in (b) of FIG. 20A, the liquid crystal in both regions compensates for the long axis direction and the short axis direction from the oblique visual field, and the coloring from the oblique visual field as described in FIG. Can be suppressed.

  Also, as shown in FIG. 20B, among the four quadrants composed of the non-orthogonal polarization axes 60 and 61, in the region 1, the liquid crystal director rotates in the quadrant where the angle formed by the polarization axes is an obtuse angle. In this case, since the liquid crystal director rotates in a quadrant where the angle formed by the polarization axis is an acute angle, both regions compensate each other, so that it is possible to suppress gradation inversion as viewed from an oblique visual field in the 45 ° direction.

  In the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, a voltage is applied between two stripe-shaped electrodes 63 and 64, and a liquid crystal is rotated by a lateral electric field 70 generated therebetween. On the other hand, in recent years, as shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, a planar electrode 82 is formed on a substrate 81, and a striped electrode 84 is disposed thereon via an insulating film 83. A so-called FFS mode lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device is widely used in which a voltage is applied between the two and a liquid crystal 85 is rotated by using a fringe electric field substantially parallel to the substrate 81 generated at the edge of the striped electrode 84. ing.

  By using such a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device using a fringe electric field, the liquid crystal on the electrode can also be rotated, so that the light utilization efficiency can be further increased. In the FFS method, since the rotation of the liquid crystal on the substrate side that forms the fringe electric field is dominant, the dependence of the electro-optical property on the liquid crystal layer thickness is less than that of the liquid crystal rotation due to a pure lateral electric field. Since the margin of the liquid crystal cell gap increases, there is an advantage that the manufacturability becomes high.

Japanese Patent No. 3120751

  However, in the case of the FFS method, particularly when the viewing angle is inclined in the direction of the initial alignment of the liquid crystal, there is a problem that the voltage-transmittance characteristics are greatly shifted to the low voltage side as shown in FIG. . For this reason, there has been a problem that a subtle hue using a halftone floats white in the oblique viewing direction.

As a result of analyzing this phenomenon, it was found that there are the following two factors. As shown in FIG. 18A, consider a case where the field of view is tilted by η from the substrate normal in the direction of the polarization axis of the incident-side polarizing plate. The unit vector in the absorption axis direction of the orthogonal polarizing plate when viewed from the front is defined as an incident side polarizing plate p and an outgoing side polarizing plate a. Considering the state in which the liquid crystal director is rotated θ from the initial state, the director n of the liquid crystal is
n = cos θ · p + sin θ · a
It is expressed. When the unit vector in the direction of the light beam incident from an oblique direction is l, the transmission axis direction of the polarizing plate perpendicular to the light beam is p ′, a ′, and the normal light axial direction of the liquid crystal perpendicular to the light traveling direction is n ′. ,
p ′ = p × l
a ′ = a × l
n ′ = n × l = cos θ · p ′ + sin θ · a ′
It is represented by Although p ′ and a ′ are orthogonal to each other, the lengths are different as in the following equation.
| P ′ | = cos η
| A '| = 1
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18B, the angle φ formed by n ′ and p ′ becomes larger than θ.

At this time, the transmittance is
T ∝ cos ² (π / 2-2φ) = sin ² (2φ)> sin ² (2θ)
Given in. Therefore, compared to the θ-T characteristic from the front when θ changes, the transmittance of the oblique field of view becomes relatively large when θ is small, and peaks when φ is equivalent to 45 °. If φ becomes larger than that, the transmittance decreases on the contrary, resulting in deviation from ideal characteristics.

  In the case of FFS, a strong lateral electric field is generated in the vicinity of the stripe-shaped electrode edge to increase the rotation angle, while the electric field is weak and the rotation angle is small in the portion corresponding to the slit on the stripe-shaped electrode and between the stripe electrodes. High transmittance can be obtained by rotating the liquid crystal on average in these regions. For this reason, in the vicinity of the edge of the stripe-shaped electrode having high light utilization efficiency, the liquid crystal is greatly rotated since the voltage is relatively low, so that the rotation angle φ when viewed from an oblique view is further increased. For this reason, at a voltage considerably lower than the voltage at which the highest transmittance is obtained in the front view, the rotation angle φ of the liquid crystal viewed from the oblique view exceeds 45 °, and the phenomenon that the transmittance is saturated occurs significantly.

  When a lateral electric field 70 is applied between two types of stripe-shaped electrodes 63 and 64 as shown in FIG. 20A, the liquid crystal rotates mainly by the lateral electric field 70 generated between the electrodes 63 and 64. Although the liquid crystal rotation does not occur much on the striped electrodes 63 and 64 and darkens, the liquid crystal rotation between the electrodes 63 and 64 does not need to be so large. For this reason, although the above-mentioned shift occurs slightly, it is a level that does not cause a problem because it is very slight.

  As shown in FIG. 21A, in the case of the FFS method, consider the case where the direction of the electric field 70 is two directions with respect to the initial alignment 69 of the liquid crystal. In this case, for the same reason that the electric field is applied in two directions by applying a lateral electric field between the striped electrodes in FIG. Regarding the gradation inversion, the viewing angle can be improved.

However, as shown in FIG. 21A, the low voltage shift of the voltage-transmittance characteristic when viewed from an oblique direction from the direction of p cannot be suppressed. This can be explained as follows. The normal light directions n1 ′ and n2 ′ of the liquid crystal perpendicular to the light beam are as follows.
n1 ′ = n1 × l = cos θ · p ′ + sin θ · a ′
n2 ′ = n2 × l = cos θ · p′−sin θ · a ′

  As shown in FIG. 21B, the angle φ formed by n ′ and p ′ is the same in both regions and rotates faster than the rotation angle θ in the front field of view. I can't. Accordingly, the problem that the voltage-transmittance characteristic shifts to the low voltage side, becomes bright white and is whitened, and the subtle hue cannot be reproduced cannot be solved.

Furthermore, the liquid crystal molecules generally have a pretilt. When an electric field is applied, liquid crystal molecules tend to rise in the pretilt rising direction. When the liquid crystal rises in this way, as shown in FIG. 19, the normal light direction n ′ of the liquid crystal viewed from the oblique field of view is z given by the following equation when z is a unit vector in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. Shift in the direction of '.
z ′ = z × l

  For this reason, the rotation angle φ of the liquid crystal is further increased, and when viewed from an oblique field of view of the pretilt rising direction, the shift of the voltage-transmittance characteristic toward the low voltage direction is further increased, and whitening occurs in a bright halftone. It becomes intense.

  In view of the above factors, the object of the present invention is to provide a voltage-transmittance characteristic on the low voltage side when viewed from an oblique field of view of the initial alignment direction of liquid crystal in the FFS method in which it is easier to increase the transmittance. By suppressing the shift, it is possible to obtain a good display device in which a subtle shade of halftone does not appear white from any viewing angle.

The horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is
A substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a stripe electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and a liquid crystal aligned substantially parallel to the substrate, In a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode,
The pixels constituting the display are divided into a first region and a second region,
The extending direction of the stripe electrode in the first region is orthogonal to the extending direction of the stripe electrode in the second region,
And the orientation orientation when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the first region and the orientation orientation when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the second region are orthogonal,
The angle formed by the extending direction of the stripe electrode in the first region and the orientation direction when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode in the second region and no voltage applied to the liquid crystal The angle formed with the orientation direction at the time is the same,
The orientation direction when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the first region is perpendicular to the data line, and the orientation direction when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the second region is parallel to the data line.
It is characterized by that.

A method of manufacturing a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention includes:
In a method of manufacturing a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention,
The alignment treatment of the liquid crystal is performed by photo-alignment.
It is characterized by that.

  According to the present invention, in the FFS mode liquid crystal display device, the voltage-transmittance characteristic is shifted from the voltage-transmittance characteristic in the front view to the low voltage side, particularly when viewed from an oblique view of the initial orientation direction of the liquid crystal. It is possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device that is extremely excellent in viewing angle characteristics with little shift in voltage-luminance characteristics and little coloration when viewed from an oblique field of view from any orientation. it can. In addition, since the electric field generated between the data line and the stripe electrode is in the horizontal direction and coincides with the orientation direction of the first region, the liquid crystal near the data line is not moved by this electric field. Therefore, the width of the black matrix that shields light between the data lines and the stripe electrodes on the side facing the substrate can be further reduced, and the aperture ratio can be further increased.

3 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of one pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ′ in FIG. 1. 3 is a plan view illustrating an alignment state of one pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the viewing angle characteristic in related technology. 6 is a diagram illustrating viewing angle characteristics in Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state of alignment division over a plurality of pixels in the first embodiment. 6 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of one pixel of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating an alignment state of one pixel of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating an alignment state of one pixel of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 3. FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram (part 1) illustrating improvement in viewing angle characteristics according to the third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram (part 2) illustrating improvement in viewing angle characteristics according to the third embodiment. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing alignment at a boundary between regions where only the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal display device in Embodiment 3 is different. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state of alignment division over a plurality of pixels in the third embodiment. 6 is a plan view illustrating an alignment state of one pixel of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 4. FIG. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a configuration of one pixel of a liquid crystal display device in Embodiment 5. It is sectional drawing of A-A 'in FIG. 10 is a plan view illustrating an alignment state of one pixel of a liquid crystal display device in Embodiment 5. FIG. It is a figure explaining the subject of the viewing angle characteristic of a horizontal electric field system in related technology. It is FIG. (1) explaining another subject of the viewing angle characteristic of a horizontal electric field system in related technology. It is FIG. (2) explaining another subject of the viewing angle characteristic of a horizontal electric field system in related technology. It is FIG. (3) explaining another subject of the viewing angle characteristic of a horizontal electric field system in related technology. It is FIG. (1) which shows the cause of the shift of the voltage-transmittance characteristic at the time of seeing from the azimuth | direction of the absorption axis of an incident side polarizing plate by the horizontal electric field system of FFS mode in related technology. It is FIG. (2) which shows the cause of the shift of the voltage-transmittance characteristic at the time of seeing from the azimuth | direction of the absorption axis of an incident side polarizing plate by the horizontal electric field system of FFS mode in related technology. It is a figure explaining the principle in which the shift of the voltage-transmittance characteristic accompanying the rise of a liquid crystal arises with the horizontal electric field system of the FFS mode in related technology. It is FIG. (1) which shows the effect of the viewing angle improvement in related technology. It is FIG. (2) which shows the effect of the viewing angle improvement in related technology. It is FIG. (1) which shows the subject of the viewing angle characteristic which cannot be solved by related technology. It is FIG. (2) which shows the subject of the viewing angle characteristic which cannot be solved by related technology. It is FIG. (1) which shows the principle of the viewing angle improvement by this invention. It is FIG. (2) which shows the principle of the viewing angle improvement by this invention. It is FIG. (1) which shows the principle of the viewing angle improvement by this invention. It is FIG. (2) which shows the principle of the viewing angle improvement by this invention. It is FIG. (1) which shows the effect of the viewing angle improvement by this invention. It is FIG. (2) which shows the effect of the viewing angle improvement by this invention. It is a figure explaining the relationship between the direction of the pretilt of a liquid crystal, and the magnitude | size of the rise of the liquid crystal at the time of an electric field application. It is a figure explaining that the magnitude | size of the rising of a liquid crystal at the time of an electric field application becomes symmetrical by making the direction of the pretilt of a liquid crystal into 0 degree effectively. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state of alignment division over a plurality of pixels in the fifth embodiment. It is FIG. (1) which shows the structure of FFS mode in related technology. It is FIG. (2) which shows the structure of FFS mode in related technology. It is the figure which compared the voltage-transmittance characteristic at the time of seeing from the diagonal visual field of the absorption-axis direction of the incident side polarizing plate by the FFS mode in related technology, and the voltage-transmittance characteristic at the time of seeing from the front. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing four adjacent pixels in the sixth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing four adjacent pixels in the seventh embodiment. FIG. 10 is a plan view showing four adjacent pixels in the eighth embodiment. 10 is a plan view showing four adjacent pixels in Embodiment 9. FIG. In Embodiment 3, it is an example which shows the direction of the liquid crystal of the area | region where the direction of a pretilt differs. In Embodiment 3, it is another example which shows the direction of the liquid crystal of the area | region where the direction of a pretilt differs. In Embodiment 3, it is another example which shows the direction of the liquid crystal of the area | region where the direction of a pretilt differs. In Embodiment 3, it is another example which shows the direction of the liquid crystal of the area | region where the direction of a pretilt differs. FIG. 22 is a plan view showing 12 adjacent pixels in the tenth embodiment. FIG. 22 is a plan view showing 12 adjacent pixels according to the eleventh embodiment.

  The drawing includes a planar common electrode (planar electrode) 1, a common signal wiring 2, a scanning line 3, a light shielding layer 4 made of a first metal layer, a data line 5, a thin film semiconductor layer 6, and a second metal layer. A pixel electrode portion 7, a pixel electrode through hole 8, a striped pixel electrode (stripe electrode) 9, a portion 10 connecting the striped pixel electrode, a striped electrode 11, a liquid crystal 12, a gate insulating film 13, and a passivation film 14, alignment films 15 and 16, black matrix 17, color layer 18, overcoat 19, transparent insulating substrates (substrate and counter substrate) 20 and 21, incident side polarizing plate 22, output side polarizing plate 23, and the first embodiment. Region 1 (first region, 24), initial alignment direction 25 of region 1 of Embodiment 1, region 2 of Embodiment 1 (second region, 26), initial alignment direction 27 of region 2 of Embodiment 1, Incident side polarization Absorption axis 28, output side polarizing plate absorption axis 29, region 1 of the second embodiment (first region, 30), initial alignment direction 31 of region 1 of the second embodiment, region 2 of the second embodiment (second region) 32), the initial alignment direction 33 of the region 2 of the second embodiment, the region 1 of the third embodiment (third region in the first region, 34), the initial alignment direction 35 of the region 1 of the third embodiment, Region 2 of embodiment 3 (fourth region 36 in the first region, 36), initial orientation direction 37 of region 2 of embodiment 3, region 3 of embodiment 3 (fifth region in the second region, 38), the initial alignment direction 39 of the region 3 of the third embodiment, the region 4 of the third embodiment (sixth region in the second region, 40), the initial alignment direction 41 of the region 4 of the third embodiment, and the electric field 42. Liquid crystal rising direction 43, region 1 of the fourth embodiment (third region in the first region, 44), of the fourth embodiment Initial orientation direction 45 in region 1, region 2 in embodiment 4 (fourth region in the first region, 46), initial orientation direction 47 in region 2 in embodiment 4, region 3 in embodiment 4 (second The fifth region 48 in the region, 48), the initial orientation direction 49 of the region 3 in the fourth embodiment, the region 4 in the fourth embodiment (the sixth region 50 in the second region, 50), the region in the fourth embodiment. 4, an initial alignment direction 51, a stripe-shaped common electrode (stripe electrode) 52, a planar pixel electrode (planar electrode) 53, a common electrode through-hole 54, a common electrode 55 that shields a bus line, and the region of the fifth embodiment 1 (first region, 56), initial alignment direction 57 of region 1 of Embodiment 5, region 2 of Embodiment 5 (second region, 58), initial alignment direction 59 of region 2 of Embodiment 5, incident Side polarization axis 60, exit side polarization axis 61, liquid crystal normal light orientation 62, stripe Pixel electrode 63, stripe common electrode 64, region 1 (65), region 2 (66), region 1 liquid crystal normal light orientation 67, region 2 liquid crystal normal light orientation 68, liquid crystal orientation orientation 69, electric field 70, viewing angle orientation 71, Liquid crystal alignment direction 72 in region 1, liquid crystal alignment direction 73 in region 2, substrate 81, planar electrode 82, insulating film 83, striped electrode 84, liquid crystal 85, and alignment direction 86 when the alignment is divided between pixels 87, liquid crystal pretilt orientation 88, 89, TFT array substrate 90, color filter substrate 91, pixels 92, 93, 94, 95, display unit 96, pixels 96R, 96G, 96B, display unit 97, Pixels 97R, 97G, 97B and the like are disclosed.

In order to solve the above problems, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention 1 has a transparent electrode formed in a planar shape and a striped transparent electrode formed via an insulating film disposed thereon. In a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating a liquid crystal oriented substantially parallel to the substrate in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between both electrodes,
The pixels constituting the display are divided into two regions, and the extending directions of the stripe electrodes in each region are orthogonal so that the directions of the lateral electric field formed in each region are orthogonal to each other. ,
And the orientation direction of the liquid crystal in each region is orthogonal,
The horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device is characterized in that an angle formed between the extending direction of the stripe electrode and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is the same.

  FIG. 22A is a diagram for explaining the principle of the first aspect of the present invention. As shown in this figure, the pixel is divided into two regions, the orientation of the liquid crystal is taken in two directions (72, 73) orthogonal to each other, and the direction of the horizontal electric field 70 formed by the striped electrode 11 in each region is A certain angle is formed with the orientation direction of the regions and they are orthogonal to each other. These areas are referred to as area 1 (65) and area 2 (66).

  Even in this case, as shown in (b) of FIG. 22A, the liquid crystal faces each other at 90 ° at all voltages, so that coloring is compensated from any direction. Also, as shown in FIG. 22B, when viewed from an oblique 45 ° direction, the liquid crystal directors also move in different quadrants of the non-orthogonal polarization axes 60 and 61 in each region. The gradation inversion seen from the oblique view in the 45 ° direction, which is the second problem, can be similarly suppressed.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 23A, when viewed from an oblique field of view in the direction of p, the normal light directions n1 ′ and n2 ′ of the liquid crystal perpendicular to the light beam in the region 1 (65) and the region 2 (66) are as follows: become.
n1 ′ = n1 × l = cos θ · p ′ + sin θ · a ′
n2 ′ = n2 × l = −sin θ · p ′ + cos θ · a ′

As shown in FIG. 23B, the angle φ1 formed between the normal light orientation n1 ′ and p ′ of the liquid crystal in the region 1 (65) and the angle formed between the normal light orientation n2 ′ and a ′ of the liquid crystal in the region 2 (66). Unlike φ2,
φ1>θ> φ2
Thus, the transmittance T1 of the region 1 (65) and the transmittance T2 of the region 2 (66) compensate each other.

  FIG. 24A shows the respective transmittances of the region 1 and the region 2 when viewed from the azimuth of p at a viewing angle of 60 ° polar angle. Both the region 1 and the region 2 are considerably shifted from the front visual field, but by compensating in both regions, the transmittance curve from the front is approached. As shown in FIG. 24B, when comparing with a graph normalized by the peak transmittance, it can be seen that a transmittance curve almost similar to the characteristic from the front is obtained by the compensation of the region 1 and the region 2.

  A transparent electrode formed in a planar shape and a stripe-shaped transparent electrode formed via an insulating film disposed thereon, and oriented substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between both electrodes In the case of a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate, a strong horizontal electric field (fringe electric field) is formed in the vicinity of the striped transparent electrode. For this reason, the liquid crystal rotates greatly at a relatively low voltage. Therefore, in the region 1 alone, the voltage-transmittance characteristic is greatly shifted to the low voltage side. Therefore, by providing two regions in which the orientation of the liquid crystal and the direction of the electric field are orthogonal to each other as in the present invention, the voltage-transmittance characteristics can be obtained even when viewed from an oblique field of view from the direction of the polarization axis. A favorable horizontal electric field liquid crystal display device with little shift can be obtained.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active matrix type liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect, wherein two regions having orthogonal orientation directions are formed with substantially the same area. It is.

  As described above, by setting the two areas in which the alignment directions constituting the pixels are orthogonal to each other to have the same area, compensation between the two areas becomes more complete, and better viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

  The third aspect of the present invention is a lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is substantially 0 °, and the voltage-transmittance characteristics as viewed from an oblique field of view different from 180 ° are almost equal. This is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device characterized by being equal.

  In general, when an alignment treatment by rubbing is performed, the liquid crystal director has a pretilt with respect to the substrate surface because the liquid crystal is aligned in a direction in which the rubbing is removed. When such a pretilt angle exists, when the electric field is applied, as shown in FIG. 25, the rise of the liquid crystal director due to the fringe electric field increases in the pretilt direction.

  When the liquid crystal director rises out of the plane parallel to the substrate, the normal light direction of the liquid crystal shifts in the z ′ direction as described above with reference to FIG. 19, and n in the p′-a ′ plane. The rotation angle of 'increases, and the voltage-transmittance characteristics shift to the low voltage side.

  On the other hand, when photo-alignment or the like is applied, the pretilt angle can be made substantially 0 °, and as shown in FIG. The voltage-transmittance characteristics viewed from the viewpoint are almost equal. As a result, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the voltage-transmittance characteristic from being seen from the oblique view at one position, and to obtain good display characteristics in all directions.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the liquid crystal has a pretilt angle larger than 0 °, and each of the two regions having the orthogonal orientation directions is a pretilt type. It is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device characterized in that two regions having opposite directions exist.

  Depending on the alignment film or alignment process conditions, the occurrence of pretilt may be unavoidable. In this case, by providing two regions in which the pretilt directions are opposite to each other in two regions having orthogonal orientation directions, in the region where the pretilt is in the opposite direction, the directions in which the rise of the liquid crystal is dominant are mutually On the contrary, the viewing angle characteristics when viewed from the oblique viewing field in each rising direction are averaged. As a result, it is possible to obtain a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that has little shift in voltage-luminance characteristics and extremely excellent viewing angle characteristics even when viewed from an oblique view from any direction.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, two regions having pretilts in opposite directions existing in each of the regions having the two orientation directions have substantially the same area. A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device is characterized by being formed.

  Two regions having the same orientation and opposite pretilts are formed with almost the same area, so that the optical compensation between them is more complete, so that the oblique field of view with 180 ° different orientations. The voltage-transmittance characteristics viewed from the viewpoint are almost equal. As a result, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the voltage-transmittance characteristic from being seen from the oblique view at one position, and to obtain good display characteristics in all directions.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the fourth or fifth aspect of the present invention, a boundary between two regions having pretilts in opposite directions existing in each of the regions having the two orientation directions is A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device characterized by being formed along stripe-shaped transparent electrodes.

  As shown in FIG. 10, a boundary between two regions having pretilts in opposite directions is formed along the striped transparent electrode, and a boundary between different regions of the pretilt is set near the center of the electrode, and the pretilt is directed toward the boundary. Set the direction to stand up. Then, since it has a pretilt opposite to the direction in which the liquid crystal is launched by the electric field, the rise of the liquid crystal is suppressed, the alignment between the regions having different orientations is stabilized, and the display uniformity is improved. .

  A seventh aspect of the present invention is a lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects of the present invention, wherein a light shielding layer is provided on at least one substrate at the boundary between regions where the orientation directions are orthogonal to each other. A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

  At the boundary between the regions where the orientation directions are orthogonal, the orientation direction continuously changes by 90 °. At this boundary portion, when displaying black, the orientation is different from the polarization axis of the polarizing plate, and thus light leakage occurs. Therefore, it is desirable that at least one of the substrates has a light shielding layer.

  The present invention 8 is the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention 7, wherein the light shielding layer that shields the boundary between the regions whose orientation directions are orthogonal to each other forms an electrode for forming the lateral electric field. A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device comprising an opaque metal layer that is present on the common electrode or the pixel electrode and has an equipotential.

  The light-shielding layer exists on the substrate on which the electrode for forming the lateral electric field is formed, and is formed of an opaque metal layer having the same potential as that of the common electrode or the pixel electrode. Since only a necessary region can be shielded from light, sufficient light shielding can be performed without reducing the aperture ratio. Further, since an extra electric field is not generated, a stable display can be obtained.

  A ninth aspect of the present invention is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to eighth aspects of the present invention, wherein the alignment process is performed by photo-alignment. .

  In forming a region having a different orientation azimuth or alignment azimuth and pretilt necessary for constituting any one of the present inventions 1 to 8 in a pixel, it is efficient, highly accurate and stable by using photo-orientation. Split orientation can be realized.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a stripe electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and substantially parallel to the substrate. A liquid crystal display device of a horizontal electric field type that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode. In
A plurality of pixels constituting the display are arranged in the x direction and the y direction orthogonal to each other,
Within one pixel, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is one direction, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode is one direction,
Between the pixels adjacent to at least one of the x direction and the y direction, the extending direction of the stripe electrode is orthogonal and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is orthogonal, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal The angle between and is the same,
This is a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

  In one pixel, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is one direction, and the extending direction of the stripe-shaped electrode is one direction. And between the adjacent pixels, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is made orthogonal and the extending direction of the striped electrode is made orthogonal. As a result, even in a high-definition pixel in which it is difficult to divide the orientation within one pixel, a voltage-luminance characteristic from an oblique field is compensated for between adjacent pixels, so that a favorable viewing angle characteristic is obtained. be able to.

  According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is substantially 0 °, and the voltage-transmittance characteristics are almost equal when viewed from an oblique field of view that is 180 ° different. A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

  By setting the pretilt angle to substantially 0 °, the rise of the liquid crystal director due to the fringe electric field becomes symmetric, so that the voltage-transmittance characteristics viewed from an oblique field of view different by 180 ° are almost equal. As a result, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the voltage-transmittance characteristic from being seen from the oblique view at one position, and to obtain good display characteristics in all directions.

  The present invention 12 is the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to the present invention 10, wherein the liquid crystal has a pretilt angle larger than 0 °, and the four pixels of the same color layer adjacent in the x direction and the y direction are: A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device comprising four types of pixels composed of combinations of two kinds of liquid crystal orientation directions orthogonal to each other and two types of liquid crystal pretilt directions opposite to each other. .

  In one pixel, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal, the pretilt direction of the liquid crystal, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode are one direction. Between adjacent pixels, the orientation directions of the liquid crystals are orthogonal, the extending directions of the stripe electrodes are orthogonal, and the pretilt directions are opposite. By having four types of pixels that combine these features, even in high-definition pixels where it is difficult to divide the orientation within one pixel, voltage-luminance characteristics from an oblique field of view can be obtained between adjacent pixels. Since they compensate each other, good viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

  According to the present invention, in the FFS mode liquid crystal display device, which is easy to improve the transmittance and has a wide manufacturing margin such as liquid crystal layer thickness control, the voltage-transmittance particularly when viewed from an oblique view of the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal. The characteristics can be suppressed from shifting from the voltage-transmittance characteristics in the front field of view to the low voltage side, and even when viewed from an oblique field of view from any direction, the voltage-luminance characteristics shift little and the color Thus, a liquid crystal display device with very little viewing angle and extremely excellent viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “embodiments”) will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the present specification and drawings, the same reference numerals are used for substantially the same components. The shapes depicted in the drawings are drawn so as to be easily understood by those skilled in the art, and thus do not necessarily match the actual dimensions and ratios.

[Embodiment 1]
Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a configuration of one pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. FIG. 3 shows a region in which the alignment direction is divided in the display region in the pixel.

  Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1 will be described in detail below in the order of creation. First, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) 50 nm as a first transparent conductive film is formed on a glass substrate as the first transparent insulating substrate 20, and the pattern of the common electrode 1 is formed in a planar shape. Further thereon, Cr (chromium) 250 nm is formed as a first metal layer, and the pattern of the scanning line 3 and the common signal wiring 2 is formed from this Cr film.

  Next, SiNx (silicon nitride) 400 nm as the gate insulating film 13, a-Si: H (hydrogenated amorphous silicon) 200 nm and na-Si: H (n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon) as the thin film semiconductor layer 6 The thin film semiconductor layer 6 is patterned so that only the TFT portion provided as a switching element of the pixel remains, with 50 nm stacked. Further, Cr 250 nm is formed as the second metal layer, and the pattern of the data electrode, the source / drain electrodes of the TFT, and the pixel electrode portion 7 made of the second metal layer is formed from this Cr film.

  Next, na-Si in the TFT portion is removed using the TFT source / drain electrodes as a mask. Next, SiN × 150 nm is formed as the protective insulating film 14, and the through hole 8 connecting the pixel electrode is formed in the protective insulating film 14.

  Further, ITO 40 nm is formed thereon as a second transparent electrode, and a pixel electrode pattern is formed from the ITO film. The pixel electrode has a shape in which both ends of the pattern of the striped electrode 9 are connected by the connection portion 10. The width of the striped electrode 9 was 3 μm, and the width of the slit between the striped electrodes 9 was 6 μm.

  The stripe-shaped electrodes 9 extend in the horizontal direction (direction parallel to the scanning line) in the upper half of the pixel, and extend in the vertical direction (direction perpendicular to the scanning line) in the lower half of the pixel and are orthogonal to each other. I did it. A TFT array is formed by the above method.

  Further, a black matrix 17 is formed on a glass substrate as the second transparent insulating substrate 21 by using resin black, and an RGB (Red Green Blue) color layer 18 is formed in a predetermined pattern thereon. Then, an overcoat 19 is formed thereon, and a columnar spacer (not shown) is further formed thereon, thereby producing a color filter substrate.

  The alignment films 15 and 16 that can be aligned by light irradiation are formed on both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate manufactured as described above, and the two regions 24 and 26 shown in FIG. 3 are formed. Alignment treatment is performed.

  In the region 24 where the striped electrode 9 extends in the horizontal direction in the upper half of FIG. 3, the orientation direction 25 is set so as to have an angle of 8 ° with the extending direction of the stripe. At this time, the pretilt angle was set to 0 ° in both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. This region 24 is referred to as region 1.

  In the region 26 in the lower half of FIG. 3 where the striped electrodes extend in the vertical direction, the orientation direction 27 is set so as to have an angle of 8 ° with the direction in which the stripes extend. At this time, the pretilt angle was set to 0 ° in both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. This area 26 is called area 2.

  Here, the orientation is set so that the orientation azimuth 25 of the upper half region 24 and the orientation azimuth 27 of the lower half region 26 in FIG. 3 are orthogonal to each other. Further, the areas of the region 1 and the region 2 were made almost equal. Thereby, the two regions can be easily compensated for each other, and it is possible to obtain a favorable viewing angle characteristic with little variation and coloring due to the viewing angle of the voltage-luminance characteristic and good symmetry.

  Further, a sealing material is applied and bonded to both the substrates, and a liquid crystal material 12 having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected into the substrates and sealed. Here, the height of the columnar spacer was controlled so that the physical properties of the liquid crystal material were Δε = 5.5, Δn = 0.100, and the liquid crystal layer thickness was 4.0 μm.

  Further, polarizing plates 22 and 23 are attached to the outside of the glass substrates on both sides so that the polarization axes are orthogonal. Here, the direction 28 of the absorption axis of the incident-side polarizing plate 22 on the TFT array substrate side is made to coincide with the initial alignment direction 25 of the region 1.

  The active matrix liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 1 is completed by mounting a backlight and a drive circuit on the liquid crystal display panel manufactured as described above.

  In the liquid crystal display device obtained as described above, when an electric field is applied between the striped pixel electrode 9 and the planar common electrode 1, the liquid crystal 12 is rotated clockwise in both the region 1 and the region 2. Rotate.

  Regions 1 and 2 are orthogonal to each other in orientation. As shown in FIG. 22A to FIG. 24B, in the region 1 alone or the region 2 alone, there is a problem of a shift in voltage-transmittance characteristics when the initial alignment orientation of the liquid crystal is viewed from an oblique field of view. On the other hand, in the first embodiment, by arranging both the regions 1 and 2 with the same area, the viewing angle characteristics of both the regions 1 and 2 compensate each other, so that the voltage-transmittance shift is remarkable. It is suppressed.

  FIG. 4A shows the voltage-transmission of each of the regions 1 and 2 alone when viewed from the polar viewing angle of 60 ° with the substrate perpendicular in the direction of the absorption axis 28 of the polarizing plate on the incident side. The rate characteristic and the voltage-transmittance characteristic when viewed from the front view are shown. In the front view, the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the region 1 and the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the region 2 coincide with each other. However, when viewed from the above-described oblique view, according to the principle described with reference to FIG. The voltage-transmittance characteristic shifts to the low voltage side from the characteristic from the front visual field, and the voltage-transmittance characteristic of the region 2 shifts to the high voltage side on the same principle.

  On the other hand, in the case of the first embodiment, since the region 1 and the region 2 are formed in substantially the same area in one pixel, both optically compensate each other. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, since the shift of the voltage-transmittance characteristics when viewed from an oblique field of view can be remarkably suppressed, the voltage-luminance characteristics of the case can be viewed from an oblique field of view from any direction. A liquid crystal display device with little shift and little coloration and extremely excellent viewing angle characteristics could be obtained.

  In addition, since the orientation directions of the region 1 and the region 2 are orthogonal, there is a portion where the orientation direction changes by 90 ° at this boundary portion. This portion is preferably shielded from light since the liquid crystal director is oriented in a different direction from the polarizing axis of the polarizing plate during black display, and light may be transmitted and cause light leakage. In this example, the common signal wiring 2 made of the first metal layer is arranged in this region to shield light. By doing so, only a necessary region can be shielded with high accuracy, so that sufficient shielding can be performed without reducing the aperture ratio.

  In addition, since the potential of the opaque metal layer is equal to that of the common electrode, good display can be obtained without causing electrical disturbance. In the above example, light leakage is suppressed by disposing an opaque metal layer having the same potential as that of the common electrode on the TFT array substrate side. However, even if the opaque metal layer is equal to the pixel potential, the same effect can be obtained. Further, light shielding at the boundary between the region 1 and the region 2 can be performed by providing a black matrix on the counter substrate side.

  FIG. 5 shows a plan view of a region extended to a portion between adjacent pixels. As shown in FIG. 5, in the vicinity of the data line 5, it was oriented in the same orientation as that of the region 1, that is, an orientation that forms 82 ° with the extending direction of the data line 5. By doing so, the movement of the liquid crystal can be reduced by the electric field generated between the data line 5 and the pixel electrode 10 and generated in the horizontal direction in the figure. As a result, as shown in FIG. 2, the width of the black matrix 17 that shields the vicinity of the data line 5 on the counter substrate side can be reduced, so that the aperture ratio can be increased.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, since there are regions oriented in the same direction as the region 1 on both sides of the region 2 of each pixel, as shown in FIG. 2, the light shielding layer made of the first metal layer. 4 was arranged so as to be connected to the common electrode 1. As a result, a display with a high aperture ratio and good contrast could be obtained.

  In the first embodiment described above, it is difficult to completely divide a light irradiation region with a line when performing divided alignment by light irradiation. Therefore, light irradiation is performed with an overlap between the regions of about 2 to 3 μm, and a region not irradiated with light in the pixel, that is, a region not oriented is not formed. As a result, an incompletely aligned portion did not occur in the pixel, and a good two-part alignment was obtained.

  Further, in Embodiment 1 described above, the angle formed between the stripe-shaped pixel electrode 9 and the liquid crystal orientation directions 25 and 27 in each of the region 1 and the region 2 is 8 °, but this angle is 5 to 10 °. If it is within the range, almost the same and good display was obtained. In some cases, when this angle is 2 ° or more and 20 ° or less, a display with almost no problem can be obtained. Thus, the angle formed between the orientation directions 25 and 27 and the extending direction of the stripe-shaped pixel electrode 9 can be appropriately designed according to the shape and size of the pixel.

[Embodiment 2]
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 as well as FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the configuration of one pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows a region in which the orientation direction is divided in the display region in the pixel. A cross-sectional view showing the configuration of one pixel is the same as FIG. 2 of the first embodiment.

  In the case of the second embodiment, in the upper half region of the pixel, the striped pixel electrode 9 is extended in the direction rotated counterclockwise by 8 ° from the horizontal direction (extending direction of the scanning line), and In the half region, the stripe-shaped pixel electrode 9 is extended in a direction perpendicular to the region.

  In the region 30 where the stripe electrode 9 extends in the direction rotated counterclockwise by 8 ° from the horizontal direction (scanning line extending direction) in the upper half of FIG. 7, the orientation direction 31 is set in the horizontal direction. . At this time, the pretilt angle was set to 0 ° in both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. This region 30 is defined as region 1.

  Further, in the region 32 where the striped pixel electrode 9 extends in the direction rotated counterclockwise by 8 ° from the vertical direction (direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the scanning line) in the lower half of FIG. An orientation azimuth 33 is set in the direction. At this time, the pretilt angle was set to 0 ° in both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. This region 32 is referred to as region 2.

  Here, the angle is set so that the orientation azimuth 31 of the upper half region 30 and the orientation azimuth 33 of the lower half region 32 in FIG. 7 are orthogonal to each other. In addition, the manufacturing method, the cross-sectional structure, and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Even in this case, the region 1 and the region 2 compensate each other in the same manner as in the first embodiment, so that the viewing angle characteristics are the same as those in FIG. 4B, and good characteristics are obtained.

  As in the first embodiment, in the vicinity of the data line 5, the alignment state is the same as that in the region 1. In the case of the second embodiment, since the electric field generated between the data line 5 and the pixel electrode 10 is in the horizontal direction and coincides with the orientation direction of the region 1, the liquid crystal 12 in the vicinity of the data line 5 is moved by this electric field. There is no. Therefore, the width of the black matrix 17 that shields light between the data line 5 and the pixel electrode 10 on the opposite side can be made smaller than that in the first embodiment, and the aperture ratio can be further increased.

  Also in this case, since the same orientation direction as that of the region 1 is given to the region in the vicinity of the data line 5 on both sides of the region 2, the first metal layer is formed in the portion serving as the boundary between the region 1 and the region 2. The light shielding layer 4 made of is arranged so as to be connected to the common electrode 1.

[Embodiment 3]
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 centering on FIG. FIG. 8 shows a region in which the orientation direction is divided into four in the display region in the pixel. A plan view and a cross-sectional view of one pixel of the third embodiment are the same as FIGS. 1 and 2 which are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of one pixel of the first embodiment.

  Alignment films 15 and 16 that can be aligned by light irradiation are formed on both the array TFT substrate and the color filter substrate manufactured by the same method as in the first embodiment, and the four regions 34, 36, 38, and 40 shown in FIG. A photo-alignment treatment is performed so as to form.

  In the upper half of the region (34, 36) in which the stripe-like pixel electrode 9 extends in the horizontal direction in the upper half of FIG. 8, the orientation direction is set so as to have an angle of 8 ° with the extension direction of the stripe-like pixel electrode 9. (35, 37) is set. This region (34, 36) is further divided into two parts, and in the upper half region 1 (34), the orientation process is performed in the direction in which the pretilt rises in the right direction in the figure, and in the lower half region 2 (36). Then, the orientation process is performed in the direction in which the pretilt rises in the left direction.

  Further, in the lower half of the region (38, 40) in which the striped pixel electrode 9 extends in the vertical direction in the lower half of FIG. 8, the region has an angle of 8 ° with the extending direction of the striped pixel electrode 9. The orientation direction (39, 41) is set. This region (38, 40) is further divided into two equal parts. In the left half region 3 (38), the orientation process is performed so that the pretilt is directed upward, and in the right half region 4 (40), the bottom portion is aligned. Orientation treatment was performed so that the pretilt was oriented in the direction.

  In FIG. 8, the direction of the director of the liquid crystal is represented by a cone. This shows that the pretilt rises in the direction in which the bottom of the cone can be seen. The orientation direction is the direction of the center line of the cone. Here, the orientation azimuths 35 and 37 of the upper half regions 34 and 36 in FIG. 8 and the orientation azimuths 39 and 41 of the lower half regions 38 and 40 are set so as to be orthogonal to each other. Further, the absolute values of the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal layers in the respective regions 34, 36, 38, and 40 were all about 1 °.

  In addition, the area of each of the regions 1 to 4 (34, 36, 38, 40) was made substantially equal. This facilitates mutual compensation of the four regions 34, 36, 38, 40, and obtains good viewing angle characteristics with little variation and coloring due to the viewing angle of the voltage-luminance characteristics and good symmetry. be able to.

  34 to 37 illustrate the orientations of the liquid crystals in the regions 1 and 2 having different pretilt orientations in the third embodiment. 34 to 37, the liquid crystal pretilt direction in the region 1 is denoted by reference numeral 88, and the liquid crystal pretilt direction in the region 2 is denoted by reference numeral 89. In the case of the third embodiment, the rising direction of the liquid crystal is almost determined mainly by the pretilt directions 88 and 89 of the liquid crystal on the TFT array substrate 90 side where the fringe electric field is formed. As the alignment state in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is the same in the region 1 and the region 2 and the pretilt directions 88 and 89 are opposite, the pretilt directions 88 and 89 are set to the color filter substrate 91 as shown in FIG. Generally, it is parallel to the orientation orientation on the side.

  As shown in FIG. 35, the so-called splay alignment state in which the pretilt directions 88 and 89 on the color filter substrate 91 side are opposite to those on the TFT array substrate 90 side can be employed. As shown in FIG. 36, the pretilt angle can be provided only on the TFT array substrate 90 side, and the pretilt angle can be 0 ° on the color filter substrate 91 side. In any of the cases shown in FIGS. 34 to 36, the rising directions of the liquid crystals in the above regions 1 and 2 are completely symmetric, so that the viewing angle characteristics in both regions are very well compensated.

  As shown in FIG. 37, the pretilt directions 88 and 89 of the liquid crystal are opposite in the region 1 and the region 2 on the TFT array substrate 90 side, and the same in the region 1 and the region 2 on the color filter substrate 91 side. Good. In this case, although the symmetry of the rise of the liquid crystals in the regions 1 and 2 is slightly impaired, the number of alignment divisions on the color filter substrate 91 side can be halved, so that the manufacturing process can be performed while obtaining relatively good viewing angle characteristics. There is an advantage that it can be simplified.

  Further, a sealing material is applied and bonded to both the substrates, and a liquid crystal material 12 having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected into the substrates and sealed. Here, the physical properties of the liquid crystal material 12 were set to Δε = 5.5, Δn = 0.100, and the height of the columnar spacer was controlled so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer was 4.0 μm.

  Further, polarizing plates 22 and 23 are attached to the outside of the glass substrates on both sides so that the polarization axes are orthogonal. Here, the direction of the absorption axis 28 of the incident side polarizing plate 22 on the TFT array substrate side is made to coincide with the orientation directions 35 and 37 of the region 1 (34) and the region 2 (36). The active matrix liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment is completed by mounting the backlight and the drive circuit on the liquid crystal display panel manufactured as described above.

  In the liquid crystal display device obtained as described above, when an electric field is applied between the stripe-shaped pixel electrode 9 and the planar common electrode 1, the regions 1 to 4 (34, 36, 38, 40) In either case, the liquid crystal rotates clockwise. In the region 1 (34), the rising to the right of the screen is dominant, in the region 2 (36), the rising to the left of the screen is dominant, and in the region 3 (38), the screen is The rise in the lower direction is dominant, and in the area 4 (40), the rise in the upper direction of the screen is dominant.

  Regions 1 and 2 (34 and 36) and regions 3 and 4 (38 and 40) are orthogonal to each other in orientation. For this reason, when the viewing angle characteristics are described, the voltage-luminance characteristics from the oblique viewing angles compensate each other as shown in FIGS. 22A to 24B.

  In addition, since the directions in which the rising edge is dominant are divided into the right side and the left side in the regions 1 and 2 and are averaged in both regions, the change in the voltage-luminance characteristics is increased in one direction unlike the related art. The change is suppressed. Also, in regions 3 and 4, since the rising dominant direction is divided into an upward direction and a downward direction, averaging occurs in the same manner, while the change in voltage-luminance characteristics does not increase and changes Is suppressed.

  In FIG. 9A, when the region 1 and the region 2 have the same pretilt as the region 1 of the third embodiment, and the region 3 and the region 4 have the same pretilt as the region 3 of the third embodiment, the rise of the pretilt of the region 1 The voltage-transmittance characteristics when viewed from a azimuth with a polar viewing angle of 60 ° are shown. FIG. 9B shows voltage-transmittance characteristics when the pixel is divided into four regions including the pretilt as in the third embodiment and viewed from the same viewing angle.

  As shown in FIG. 9A, in a state where the pixel is divided into two only in the azimuth direction, when viewed from the viewing angle direction when 3V is applied, the normalized transmittance increases by about 10% with respect to the characteristics of the front visual field. As a result. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9B, when the pixel is divided into four as in the third embodiment, the transmittance at the same voltage and the same viewing angle can be suppressed to an increase of about 5%. Thus, by dividing the pixel into four parts and dividing the orientation of the pretilt in addition to the orientation direction, the viewing angle characteristics could be further improved.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the boundary between the region 1 and the region 2 and the boundary between the region 3 and the region 4 having different pretilts are arranged at the center of the stripe-shaped pixel electrode 9. FIG. 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the striped pixel electrode 9.

  As shown in FIG. 10, an electric field 42 that tries to rise to the upper right acts from the right side from the center, and an electric field 42 that tries to rise to the upper left acts from the left side from the center. When the boundary of the region where the pretilt is different is set near the center of the electrode 9 and the direction is set in the direction 43 in which the pretilt rises toward the boundary, the liquid crystal 12 has a pretilt opposite to the direction 43 in which the liquid crystal 12 is raised by the electric field. As a result, the rise of the liquid crystal 12 is suppressed, the alignment between regions having different alignments is stabilized, and the display uniformity is improved.

  Furthermore, since the orientation directions of the region 2 and the regions 3 and 4 are orthogonal, there is a portion where the orientation direction changes by 90 ° at this boundary portion. This portion is preferably shielded from light because the liquid crystal director is oriented in a different direction from the polarization axis of the polarizing plate, particularly during black display, and light leakage may occur. In this example, the common signal wiring 2 made of the first metal layer is arranged in this region to shield light. By doing so, only a necessary region can be shielded with high accuracy, so that sufficient shielding can be performed without reducing the aperture ratio. In addition, since the potential of the opaque metal layer is equal to that of the common electrode, good display can be obtained without causing electrical disturbance.

  In the above example, light leakage is suppressed by disposing an opaque metal layer having the same potential as that of the common electrode on the TFT array substrate side. However, even if the opaque metal layer is equal to the pixel potential, the same effect can be obtained. The light shielding at the boundary between the region 2 and the regions 3 and 4 can be performed by providing a black matrix on the counter substrate side.

  FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a region extended to a portion between adjacent pixels. As shown in FIG. 11, in the vicinity of the data line 5, the upper half of the pixel has the same orientation state as the region 1 on both sides of the region 1, and both sides of the region 2 have the same orientation state as the region 2. On both sides of the half regions 3 and 4, the same orientation state as that of the region 2 was adopted.

  As described above, the data line 5 is generated in the horizontal direction in the figure generated between the data line 5 and the pixel electrode 10 by setting the direction close to the direction orthogonal to the data line 5 among the different orientation directions. The movement of the liquid crystal 12 can be reduced by the electric field. Therefore, since the width of the black matrix 17 that shields light between the data line 5 and the pixel electrode 10 on the opposite side can be reduced, the aperture ratio can be increased.

  In this case, since the regions in the vicinity of the data lines on both sides of the regions 3 and 4 are given the same orientation direction as the region 2, the first metal is formed in the portion serving as the boundary between the region 3 and the region 4. The light shielding layer 4 composed of layers was arranged so as to be connected to the common electrode 1.

  When performing divided alignment by light irradiation, it is difficult to completely divide the light irradiation region with lines. Therefore, by performing the light irradiation with the overlap between the regions of about 2 to 3 μm, the region where the light is not irradiated in the pixel, that is, the region which is not oriented is not formed. As a result, an incompletely aligned portion did not occur in the pixel, and a good 4-division alignment was obtained.

[Embodiment 4]
As Embodiment 4 of the present invention, an example is shown in which the pretilt direction is divided into two directions with respect to the same orientation direction in the pixel structure equal to the pixel plan view of Embodiment 2 as in Embodiment 3. FIG. 12 shows a region in which the alignment direction is divided in the display region in the pixel. The fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 6 centering on FIG.

  In the case of the fourth embodiment, in the upper half region (44, 46) of the pixel, the striped pixel electrode 9 is extended in the direction rotated counterclockwise by 8 ° from the horizontal direction (scanning line extending direction). In the lower half region (48, 50) of the pixel, the striped pixel electrode 9 is extended in a direction perpendicular to the region.

  In the upper half of FIG. 12, in the region (44, 46) in which the striped pixel electrode 9 extends in the direction rotated counterclockwise by 8 ° from the horizontal direction (scanning line extending direction), the horizontal direction The orientation directions 45 and 47 are set in This region (44, 46) is further divided into two equal parts, and in the upper half region 1 (44), orientation processing is performed in the direction in which the pretilt rises in the right direction in the figure, and in the lower half region 2 (46). Then, the orientation process is performed in the direction in which the pretilt rises in the left direction.

  Further, in the lower half of FIG. 12, regions (48, 50) in which the striped pixel electrodes 9 extend in a direction rotated counterclockwise by 8 ° from the vertical direction (direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the scanning lines). ), Orientation orientations 49 and 51 are set in the vertical direction. This region (48, 50) is further divided into two equal parts, and in the left half region 3 (48), the orientation process is performed so that the pretilt is directed upward, and in the right half region 4 (50), the bottom portion is divided. Orientation treatment was performed so that the pretilt was oriented in the direction.

  Here, the orientation azimuths 45 and 47 of the upper half regions 44 and 46 in FIG. 12 and the orientation azimuths 49 and 51 of the lower half regions 48 and 50 are set to be orthogonal to each other. The absolute values of the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal layers in the regions 44, 46, 48, and 50 were all about 1 °. In addition, the manufacturing method, structure, and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment.

  Even in this case, since the four regions 44, 46, 48, and 50 compensate each other in the same manner as in the third embodiment, the viewing angle characteristics are equivalent to those in FIG. 9B, and good characteristics are obtained.

  As in the third embodiment, in the vicinity of the data line 5, the upper half of the pixel is in the same orientation state as the region 1 (44) on both sides of the region 1 (44), and both sides of the region 2 (46) are in the region 2 ( 46), the same orientation state as that of the region 2 (46) was set on both sides of the lower half regions 3 and 4 (48, 50) of the pixel.

  In the case of the fourth embodiment, the electric field generated between the data line 5 and the pixel electrode 10 is in the horizontal direction and coincides with the alignment direction of the regions 1 and 2. Will not move. Therefore, since the width of the black matrix 17 that shields light between the data line 5 and the pixel electrode 10 on the opposite side can be further reduced as compared with the case of the third embodiment, the aperture ratio can be further increased.

  In this case, since the regions near the data lines 5 on both sides of the regions 3 and 4 have the same orientation direction as the region 2, the light shielding layer 4 made of the first metal layer is formed on the boundary portion, Arranged so as to be connected to the common electrode 1.

[Embodiment 5]
A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 13 is a plan view showing a configuration of one pixel of the liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 14 is a sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. FIG. 15 shows a region in which the orientation direction is divided into two in the display region in the pixel.

  The fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 13 will be described in detail below in the order of creation. First, Cr 250 nm as the first metal layer is formed on the glass substrate as the first transparent insulating substrate 20, and the pattern of the scanning line 3 and the common signal wiring 2 is formed from this Cr film.

  Next, SiNx400 nm as the gate insulating film 13 and a-Si: H200 nm and na-Si: H50 nm as the thin film semiconductor layer 6 are stacked, and the thin film semiconductor layer remains so that only the TFT portion provided as the switching element of the pixel remains. 6 is patterned. Further, Cr 250 nm as a second metal layer is formed, and the pattern of the data line 2 and the source / drain electrodes of the TFT and the pixel electrode portion 7 made of the second metal layer is formed from this Cr film.

  Next, na-Si in the TFT portion is removed using the TFT source / drain electrodes as a mask. Further, ITO 40 nm as a second transparent electrode is formed thereon, a pattern of the planar pixel electrode 53 is formed from this ITO film, and the pixel electrode 53 is connected to the pixel electrode portion 7 made of the second metal layer. To do.

  Next, SiN × 600 nm is formed as the protective insulating film 14, and a through hole 54 that connects the common electrode 52 to the common signal wiring 2 is formed in the protective insulating film 14. Further, ITO 40 nm as a second transparent electrode is formed thereon, and the pattern of the common electrode 52 is formed from this ITO film. The common electrode 52 has a shape in which striped electrode patterns are connected at both ends. The width of the striped electrode was 3 μm, and the width of the slit between the striped electrodes was 6 μm.

  The striped electrode pattern is such that the upper half of the pixel extends in the horizontal direction (direction parallel to the scanning line) and the lower half of the pixel extends in the vertical direction (direction perpendicular to the scanning line). It was made to make it orthogonal. The common electrode 52 is further provided with a common electrode 55 that shields the bus line so as to cover the data line 5 and the scanning line 3. Thereby, the influence of the potential of the bus line at the time of driving can be shielded, and a wider aperture ratio can be obtained.

  A TFT array is formed by the above method. Further, a black matrix 17 is formed on a glass substrate as the second transparent insulating substrate 21 by using resin black, and a predetermined pattern is formed on the RGB color layer 18 thereon, and an overcoat is formed thereon. The layer 19 is formed, and columnar spacers (not shown) are further formed thereon, thereby producing a color filter substrate.

  An alignment film that can be aligned by light irradiation is formed on both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate manufactured as described above, and a photo-alignment process is performed so as to form the two regions 56 and 58 shown in FIG. .

  In the region 56 where the stripe-shaped common electrode 52 extends in the horizontal direction in the upper half of FIG. 15, the orientation direction 57 is set so as to have an angle of 8 ° with the extending direction of the stripe. At this time, the pretilt angle was set to 0 ° in both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. This area 56 is called area 1.

  In the lower half of FIG. 15, in the region 58 where the stripe-shaped common electrode 52 extends in the vertical direction, the orientation azimuth 59 is set so as to have an angle of 8 ° with the direction in which the stripe extends. The pretilt angle was set to 0 ° for both the TFT array substrate and the color filter substrate. This region 58 is referred to as region 2.

  Here, the angle is set so that the orientation azimuth 57 of the upper half region 56 and the orientation azimuth 58 of the lower half region 58 in FIG. 15 are orthogonal to each other. Further, the areas of the region 1 (56) and the region 2 (58) were made almost equal. Thereby, the two regions 56 and 58 can be easily compensated for each other, and it is possible to obtain a favorable viewing angle characteristic with little variation and coloring due to the viewing angle of the voltage-luminance characteristics and good symmetry.

  Further, a sealing material is applied and bonded to both the substrates, and a liquid crystal material 12 having positive dielectric anisotropy is injected into the substrates and sealed. Here, the height of the columnar spacer was controlled so that the physical properties of the liquid crystal material were Δε = 5.5, Δn = 0.100, and the liquid crystal layer thickness was 4.0 μm.

  Further, polarizing plates 22 and 23 are attached to the outside of the glass substrates on both sides so that the polarization axes are orthogonal. Here, the direction of the absorption axis 28 of the incident-side polarizing plate 22 on the TFT array substrate side is made to coincide with the alignment direction 57 of the region 1. By mounting the backlight and the drive circuit on the liquid crystal display panel manufactured as described above, the active matrix liquid crystal display device of Embodiment 5 is completed.

  In the liquid crystal display device obtained as described above, when an electric field is applied between the pixel electrode 53 and the common electrode 52, the liquid crystal 12 rotates clockwise in both the region 1 and the region 2. Regions 1 and 2 have orientation orientations 57 and 59 orthogonal to each other. As shown in FIGS. 22A to 24B, in the region 1 alone or the region 2 alone, there is a shift in voltage-transmittance characteristics when viewed from an oblique field of view of the absorption axis 28 of the incident-side polarizing plate 22. It becomes a problem. On the other hand, by arranging the region 1 and the region 2 with the same area, the viewing angle characteristics compensate each other, so that the voltage-transmittance shift is remarkably suppressed.

  FIG. 4A shows the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the region 1 alone and the region 2 alone when viewed from the polar viewing angle of 60 ° with the substrate perpendicular in the direction of the absorption axis of the polarizing plate on the incident side. And voltage-transmittance characteristics when viewed from the front view. In the front view, the voltage-transmittance characteristics of region 1 and the voltage-transmittance characteristics of region 2 match. However, when viewed from the above-described oblique field of view, the voltage-transmittance characteristics of the region 1 are shifted from the characteristics from the front field of view to the low voltage side according to the principle described in FIG. 18B. The voltage-transmittance characteristics of 2 shift to the high voltage side.

  On the other hand, in the case of the fifth embodiment, since the region 1 and the region 2 are formed with substantially the same area in one pixel, both optically compensate each other. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4B, the shift of the voltage-transmittance characteristic when viewed from an oblique visual field can be remarkably suppressed. Therefore, even when viewed from an oblique field of view from any orientation, a liquid crystal display device having a very small viewing angle characteristic with little shift in voltage-luminance characteristics and little coloration can be obtained.

  Since the alignment azimuths of the region 1 and the region 2 are orthogonal to each other, there is a portion where the alignment azimuth changes by 90 ° at this boundary portion. This portion is preferably shielded from light since the liquid crystal director faces a different direction from the polarization axis of the polarizing plate during black display, and light leakage may occur. In this example, the common signal wiring 2 made of the first metal layer is arranged in this region to shield light. By doing so, only a necessary region can be shielded with high accuracy, so that sufficient shielding can be performed without reducing the aperture ratio. In addition, since the potential of the opaque metal layer is equal to that of the common electrode, good display can be obtained without causing electrical disturbance.

  In the above example, the light leakage is suppressed by disposing an opaque metal layer having the same potential and equipotential as the common electrode on the TFT array substrate side, but the same effect can be obtained even if the opaque metal layer is equal to the pixel potential. can get. Further, light shielding at the boundary between the region 1 and the region 2 can be performed by providing a black matrix on the counter substrate side.

  In the fifth embodiment, since the data line 5, the scanning line 3, and the scanning line 3 and the common signal wiring 2 are shielded by the common electrode 55, as in the first to fourth embodiments. In the vicinity of the data line 5, it is not necessary to set the orientation direction in a direction close to the horizontal, so that the orientation direction on the wiring is preferably set to the same state as the orientation direction of the adjacent display region. By doing so, since there is no region where the orientation changes between the orientation on the wiring and the orientation of the display portion, it is not necessary to increase the light shielding region, and a wider opening region can be taken. That is, both sides of region 1 are in the same orientation state as region 1, and both sides of region 2 are in the same orientation state as region 2.

[Embodiment 6]
Embodiment 6 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 30 is a plan view showing a configuration of four pixels adjacent to each other in the data line extending direction and the scanning line extending direction of the liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment.

  In FIG. 30, reference numeral 92 is attached to only one pixel, representing four pixels. In the following description, the extending direction of the scanning line 3 is the x direction, the extending direction of the data line 5 is the y direction, the pixel at a certain coordinate is the pixel 92 (x, y), and the pixel 92 (x, y) is the x direction. The nth pixel is referred to as a pixel 92 (x + n, y), and the mth pixel in the y direction from the pixel 92 (x, y) is referred to as a pixel 92 (x, y + m).

  In the sixth embodiment, the liquid crystal alignment azimuth 86 or the alignment azimuth 87 is not divided in one pixel 92. Between the adjacent pixels 92, that is, between the pixel 92 (x, y) and the pixel 92 (x + 1, y), and between the pixel 92 (x, y) and the pixel 92 (x, y + 1), the orientation direction 86. , 87 are orthogonal to each other, the extending directions of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are orthogonal to each other, and the angles formed by the orientation directions 86, 87 and the extending directions of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are the same. The pretilt of the liquid crystal was 0 degree. The spacing and width of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are appropriately designed so that the transmittance when viewed from the front is approximately the same between the adjacent pixels 92.

  In this way, in the voltage-luminance characteristics in one pixel 92, the low voltage side shifts when viewed from the orientation directions 86 and 87. However, when the adjacent pixels 92 are combined with each other, the voltage-luminance characteristics from the oblique visual field are compensated for each other, so that a favorable viewing angle characteristic can be obtained.

  When a different color layer (RGB) is arranged for each pixel 92 in the x direction and one unit of display is performed by the three pixels 92, the color layer of the pixel 92 (x, y) is the pixel 92 (x + 3, y). Same as the color layer. In the pixel 92 (x, y) and the pixel 92 (x + 3, y), the orientation directions 86 and 87 are orthogonal to each other, and the extending directions of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are also orthogonal to each other. Fit. Accordingly, the viewing angle characteristics of the pixels 92 having the same hue are compensated by the pixel 92 (x, y) and the pixel 92 (x, y + 1), and the pixel 92 (x, y) and the pixel 92 (x + 3, 3). y) is also compensated.

  Thus, by setting the orientation azimuth 86 or the orientation azimuth 87 in one pixel 92 as one direction, there is an advantage that higher definition pixels can be handled.

[Embodiment 7]
Embodiment 7 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 31 is a plan view showing a configuration of four pixels adjacent to each other in the data line extending direction and the scanning line extending direction of the liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.

  In FIG. 31, only one pixel is represented by reference numeral 93 as a representative of the four pixels. In the following description, the extending direction of the scanning line 3 is the x direction, the extending direction of the data line 5 is the y direction, the pixel at a certain coordinate is the pixel 93 (x, y), and the pixel 93 (x, y) is the x direction. The nth pixel is referred to as a pixel 93 (x + n, y), and the mth pixel from the pixel 93 (x, y) in the y direction is referred to as a pixel 93 (x, y + m).

  Similar to the sixth embodiment, also in the seventh embodiment, the orientation azimuth 86 or the orientation azimuth 87 is not divided in one pixel 93, and the pixel 93 (x, y) and the pixel 93 (x, y + 1) are not divided. The orientation directions 86 and 87 are perpendicular to each other. In the sixth embodiment, the orientation directions 86 and 87 are orthogonal between the pixel 92 (x, y) and the pixel 92 (x + 1, y). However, in the seventh embodiment, the pixel 93 (x, y) and the pixel 93 are orthogonal to each other. The orientation directions 86 and 87 are the same between (x + 1, y).

  In accordance with this, the orientation of the stripe-shaped pixel electrode 9 is also orthogonal between the pixel 93 (x, y) and the pixel 93 (x, y + 1), and the pixel 93 (x, y) and the pixel 93 (x + 1, y). The angles formed by the orientation directions 86 and 87 and the extending direction of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are the same between the adjacent pixels 93. The pretilt of the liquid crystal was 0 degree. The spacing and width of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes 9 are appropriately designed so that the transmittance when viewed from the front is approximately equal between the adjacent pixels 93.

  In this way, in the voltage-luminance characteristics in one pixel 93, the low voltage side shifts when viewed from the orientation directions 86 and 87. However, when the adjacent pixels 93 are combined with each other, the voltage-luminance characteristics from the oblique visual field are compensated for, so that a favorable viewing angle characteristic can be obtained.

  In this case, since all the pixels 93 in the x direction can have the same orientation azimuth 86 or 87, the orientation treatment can be performed efficiently.

[Embodiment 8]
An eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 32 is a plan view showing a configuration of four pixels adjacent to the data line extending direction and the scanning line extending direction of the liquid crystal display device according to the eighth embodiment.

  In FIG. 32, the reference numeral 94 is given to only one pixel, representing four pixels. In the following description, the extending direction of the scanning line 3 is the x direction, the extending direction of the data line 5 is the y direction, the pixel at a certain coordinate is the pixel 94 (x, y), and the pixel 94 (x, y) is the x direction. The nth pixel is referred to as a pixel 94 (x + n, y), and the mth pixel in the y direction from the pixel 94 (x, y) is referred to as a pixel 94 (x, y + m).

  Similar to the sixth embodiment, also in the eighth embodiment, the orientation azimuth 86 or the orientation azimuth 87 is not divided in one pixel 94. Between adjacent pixels 94, the orientation directions 86 and 87 are orthogonal, the extending directions of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes 9 are orthogonal, and the angle formed by the alignment directions 86 and 87 and the extending direction of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes 9. Are the same.

  In the eighth embodiment, the pixels 94 (x, y) and the pixels 94 (x + 1, y + 1) are adjacent to each other in the diagonal direction and have the same orientation directions 86 and 87, and The pretilt direction was set to 1 ° and the reverse direction for the pixel 94 (x + 1, y) and the pixel 94 (x, y + 1). The spacing and width of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are appropriately designed so that the transmittance when viewed from the front is approximately the same between the adjacent pixels 94.

  In this way, in the voltage-luminance characteristics in one pixel 94, the low voltage side shifts when viewed from the orientation directions 86 and 87. However, when the adjacent pixels 94 are combined with each other, the voltage-luminance characteristics from the oblique visual field are compensated for, so that a favorable viewing angle characteristic can be obtained.

  When a different color layer (RGB) is arranged for each pixel 94 in the x direction and one unit of display is performed with three pixels 94, the color layer of the pixel 94 (x, y) is the pixel 94 (x + 3, y). Same as the color layer. In the pixel 94 (x, y) and the pixel 94 (x + 3, y), the orientation directions 86 and 87 are orthogonal to each other, and the extending directions of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are also orthogonal to each other. In this arrangement, the pixel 94 (x, y), the pixel 94 (x, y + 1), the pixel 94 (x + 3, y), and the pixel 94 (x + 3, y + 1) have two kinds of orientation directions 86 and 87 orthogonal to each other. Thus, four types of pixels 94 formed by combinations of two types of pretilt directions opposite to each other are obtained. Therefore, since the viewing angle characteristics are further compensated for between the pixels 94, even better viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

  As described above, the four adjacent pixels 94 of the same color layer are set to the four types of pixels 94 formed by combinations of the two types of orientation directions 86 and 87 and the two types of pretilt directions. Characteristics can be obtained.

[Embodiment 9]
Embodiment 9 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 33 is a plan view illustrating a configuration of four pixels adjacent to each other in the data line extending direction and the scanning line extending direction of the liquid crystal display device according to the ninth embodiment.

  In FIG. 33, reference numeral 95 is given to only one pixel, representing four pixels. In the following description, the extending direction of the scanning line 3 is the x direction, the extending direction of the data line 5 is the y direction, the pixel at a certain coordinate is the pixel 95 (x, y), and the pixel 95 (x, y) is the x direction. The nth pixel is referred to as a pixel 95 (x + n, y), and the mth pixel in the y direction from the pixel 95 (x, y) is referred to as a pixel 95 (x, y + m).

  Similar to the seventh embodiment, also in the ninth embodiment, the orientation azimuth 86 or the orientation azimuth 87 is not divided in one pixel 95, and the pixel 95 (x, y) and the pixel 95 (x, y + 1) are not divided. The orientation directions 86 and 87 are perpendicular to each other. Further, the extending direction of the stripe-shaped pixel electrode 9 is also arranged to be orthogonal between the pixel 95 (x, y) and the pixel 95 (x, y + 1). The angles formed by the orientation directions 86 and 87 and the extending direction of the striped pixel electrode 9 are the same between the adjacent pixels 95.

  In the ninth embodiment, the same orientation azimuth is adjacent between the pixel 95 (x, y) and the pixel 95 (x + 1, y) having the same orientation azimuth 87 adjacent in the x direction and in the x direction. Between the pixel 95 (x, y + 1) having 86 and the pixel 95 (x + 1, y + 1), the pretilt direction was set to 1 ° and the reverse direction. The spacing and width of the striped pixel electrodes 9 are appropriately designed so that the transmittance when viewed from the front is approximately the same between the adjacent pixels 95.

  In this way, in the voltage-luminance characteristics in one pixel 95, the low voltage side shifts when viewed from the orientation directions 86 and 87 of the liquid crystal. However, when the adjacent pixels 95 are combined, the voltage-luminance characteristics are compensated for each other, so that good voltage-luminance characteristics can be obtained.

  When a different color layer (RGB) is arranged for each pixel 95 in the x direction and one unit of display is performed with the three pixels 95, the color layer of the pixel 95 (x, y) is the pixel 95 (x + 3, y). Same as the color layer. The pixel 94 (x, y) and the pixel 94 (x + 3, y) have the same orientation azimuth 87 and the liquid crystal pretilt directions are opposite. In this arrangement, the pixel 95 (x, y), the pixel 95 (x, y + 1), the pixel 95 (x + 3, y), and the pixel 95 (x + 3, y + 1) have two kinds of orientation directions 86 and 87 orthogonal to each other. The four types of pixels 95 are formed by combinations of two types of pretilt directions opposite to each other. Accordingly, the viewing angle characteristics are further compensated for between the pixels 95, so that even better viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

  As described above, the four pixels 95 of the same color layer which are adjacent to each other are set to the four types of pixels 95 which are combinations of the two types of orientation directions 86 and 87 and the two types of pretilt directions, so that a good viewing angle can be obtained. Characteristics can be obtained. In addition, since all the pixels 95 in the x direction can have the same orientation azimuth 86 or 87, the orientation process can be performed efficiently.

[Embodiment 10]
A tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 38 shows the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal in 12 pixels adjacent to the data line extending direction and the scanning line extending direction of the liquid crystal display device according to the tenth embodiment.

  In FIG. 38, three pixels 96R, 96G, and 96B adjacent in the x direction constitute one unit 96 of display. The symbol 96 is attached to only one unit on behalf of the four units. In the following description, the extending direction of the scanning line is the x direction, the extending direction of the data line is the y direction, one unit at a certain coordinate is one unit 96 (x, y), and one unit 96 (x, y) to x The n-th unit in the direction is called one unit 96 (x + n, y), and the m-th unit in the y-direction from one unit 96 (x, y) is called one unit 96 (x, y + m).

  In the tenth embodiment, one unit 96 (x, y), 96 (x + 1, y), 96 (x, y + 1), 96 (x + 1, y + 1) includes pixels 92 (x, y) and 92 shown in FIG. This corresponds to (x + 1, y), 92 (x, y + 1), 92 (x + 1, y + 1). The pixels 96R, 96G, and 96B have color filters of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) color layers, respectively. Since the configuration in the pixels 96R, 96G, and 96B is the same as that of the pixel 92 shown in FIG. 30, the illustration is omitted.

  In the tenth embodiment, the liquid crystal orientation azimuth 86 or the orientation azimuth 87 is not divided in one unit 96. Between adjacent units 96, that is, one unit 96 (x, y) and one unit 96 (x + 1, y), and one unit 96 (x, y) and one unit 96 (x, y + 1) Then, the orientation directions 86 and 87 are orthogonal to each other, the extending directions of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes are orthogonal to each other, and the angles formed by the alignment directions 86 and 87 and the extending directions of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes are the same. is there. The pretilt of the liquid crystal was 0 degree. The spacing and width of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes are appropriately designed so that the transmittance when viewed from the front is almost equal between adjacent units 96.

  In this way, in the voltage-luminance characteristics within one unit 96, the low voltage side shifts when viewed from the orientation directions 86 and 87. However, when the adjacent units 96 are combined with each other, the voltage-luminance characteristics from the oblique visual field are compensated for, so that a favorable viewing angle characteristic can be obtained.

  Further, when a higher gradation is displayed only by one specific unit 96 and black display is performed by one unit 96 around the specific one unit 96, when viewed obliquely from the orientation directions 86 and 87, one adjacent unit 96 is displayed. The units 96 do not compensate each other. Even in such a case, since the pixels 96R, 96G, and 96B that constitute one unit 96 are directed to the same orientation azimuth 86 or 87, the same shift occurs, so that one unit 96 is less likely to be colored. .

  Although the case where the pixels 96R, 96G, and 96B are arranged in the x direction has been described above, even when the pixels 96R, 96G, and 96B are arranged in the y direction, the same effect can be obtained by configuring the unit 96 as described above. can get.

[Embodiment 11]
Embodiment 11 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 39 shows the initial alignment direction of the liquid crystal in 12 pixels adjacent to the data line extending direction and the scanning line extending direction of the liquid crystal display device according to the eleventh embodiment.

  In FIG. 39, three pixels 97R, 97G, and 97B adjacent in the x direction constitute one unit 97 of display. As a representative of the four units, only one unit is denoted by reference numeral 97. In the following description, the extending direction of the scanning line is the x direction, the extending direction of the data line is the y direction, one unit at a certain coordinate is one unit 97 (x, y), and one unit 97 (x, y) to x The n-th unit in the direction is called one unit 97 (x + n, y), and the m-th unit in the y-direction from one unit 97 (x, y) is called one unit 97 (x, y + m).

  In the tenth embodiment, one unit 97 (x, y), 97 (x + 1, y), 97 (x, y + 1), 97 (x + 1, y + 1) is the pixel 94 (x, y), 94 shown in FIG. This corresponds to (x + 1, y), 94 (x, y + 1), 94 (x + 1, y + 1). The pixels 97R, 97G, and 97B have color filters of R (red), G (green), and B (blue) color layers, respectively. The configuration of the pixels 97R, 97G, and 97B is the same as that of the pixel 94 shown in FIG.

  Similar to the tenth embodiment, also in the present eleventh embodiment, the orientation azimuth 86 or the orientation azimuth 87 is not divided in one unit 97. Between adjacent units 97, the orientation directions 86 and 87 are orthogonal, the extending directions of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes are orthogonal, and the angle formed by the alignment directions 86 and 87 and the extending direction of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes is The same.

  In the eleventh embodiment, between the units 97 having the same orientation azimuth 86 and 87 adjacent to each other in the oblique direction, that is, one unit 97 (x, y) and one unit 97 (x + 1, y + 1). In addition, one unit 97 (x + 1, y) and one unit 97 (x, y + 1) have a pretilt direction of 1 ° and the reverse direction. The spacing and width of the stripe-shaped pixel electrodes 9 are appropriately designed so that the transmittance when viewed from the front is approximately equal between adjacent units 97.

  In this way, in the voltage-luminance characteristics in one unit 97, the low voltage side shifts when viewed from the orientation directions 86 and 87. However, when the adjacent units 97 are combined, the voltage-luminance characteristics from the oblique visual field are compensated for, so that a favorable viewing angle characteristic can be obtained.

  In this arrangement, one unit 97 (x, y), one unit 97 (x, y + 1), one unit 97 (x + 1, y), and one unit 97 (x + 1, y + 1) are two kinds of orientation directions orthogonal to each other. 86 and 87, and four types of one unit 97 composed of combinations of two types of pretilt directions opposite to each other. Accordingly, the viewing angle characteristics are further compensated for between the units 97, so that even better viewing angle characteristics can be obtained.

  Further, when a higher gradation is displayed only by one specific unit 97 and black display is performed by one unit 97 around it, the adjacent one is displayed when viewed obliquely from the orientation directions 86 and 87. The units 97 do not compensate each other. Even in such a case, since the pixels 97R, 97G, and 97B constituting the unit 97 are directed to the same orientation azimuth 86 or 87, the same shift is performed, so that the unit 97 is less likely to be colored. .

  Although the case where the pixels 97R, 97G, and 97B are arranged in the x direction has been described above, even when the pixels 97R, 97G, and 97B are arranged in the y direction, the same effect can be obtained by configuring the unit 97 as described above. can get.

[Summary]
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present invention. Further, the present invention includes a combination of some or all of the configurations of the above-described embodiments as appropriate.

  Although a part or all of the above embodiments can be described as the following supplementary notes, the present invention is not limited to the following configurations.

[Appendix 1] A substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a striped electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and oriented substantially parallel to the substrate A horizontal electric field liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode. ,
The pixels constituting the display are divided into a first region and a second region,
The extending direction of the stripe electrode in the first region is orthogonal to the extending direction of the stripe electrode in the second region,
And the orientation direction of the liquid crystal in the first region is orthogonal to the orientation direction of the liquid crystal in the second region,
An angle formed between the extending direction of the stripe electrode and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the first region, and an angle formed between the extending direction of the stripe electrode and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the second region. The same,
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Supplementary Note 2] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 1,
The first region and the second region are formed with substantially the same area.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Appendix 3] In the horizontal electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to Appendix 1 or 2,
The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is substantially 0 °, and the voltage-transmittance characteristics when the display surface is viewed from an oblique field of view different from 180 ° are substantially equal.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Appendix 4] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Appendix 1 or 2,
The liquid crystal has a pretilt angle greater than 0 °;
In the first region, there is a third region and a fourth region in which the pretilt angles are opposite to each other,
In the second region, there are a fifth region and a sixth region in which the pretilt angles are opposite to each other.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Supplementary Note 5] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 4,
The third region and the fourth region are formed with substantially the same area,
The fifth region and the sixth region are formed with substantially the same area.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Appendix 6] In the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Appendix 4 or 5,
The boundary between the third region and the fourth region and the boundary between the fifth region and the sixth region are formed along the stripe electrodes, respectively.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Appendix 7] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of appendices 1 to 6,
At least one of the substrate and the counter substrate facing the substrate at the boundary between the first region and the second region has a light shielding layer.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Appendix 8] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to appendix 7,
The light-shielding layer is present on the substrate and is made of an opaque metal layer having the same potential as the planar electrode or the stripe electrode;
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Supplementary Note 9] In the method of manufacturing a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of Supplementary notes 1 to 8,
The alignment treatment of the liquid crystal is performed by photo-alignment.
A method of manufacturing a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Supplementary Note 11] A transparent electrode formed in a planar shape and a striped transparent electrode formed via an insulating film disposed thereon, and substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the electrodes. In a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal aligned in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate,
The pixels constituting the display are divided into two regions, and the extending directions of the stripe electrodes in each region are orthogonal so that the directions of the transverse electric field formed in each region are orthogonal to each other,
And the orientation direction of the liquid crystal in each region is orthogonal,
A transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device, characterized in that an angle formed by the extending direction of the stripe electrode and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is the same.

[Supplementary Note 12] In the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 11,
2. A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device, wherein two regions having orthogonal orientation directions are formed with substantially the same area.

[Appendix 13] In the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Appendix 11 or 12,
A lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device characterized in that the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is substantially 0 ° and the voltage-transmittance characteristics are almost equal when viewed from an oblique field of view different in 180 °.

[Supplementary Note 14] In the lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 11 or 12,
A lateral electric field type liquid crystal characterized in that the liquid crystal has a pretilt angle larger than 0 °, and two regions having opposite orientations exist in the two regions having the orthogonal orientation directions. Display device.

[Supplementary Note 15] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 14,
2. A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device, wherein two regions having pretilts in opposite directions existing in each of the regions having two orientation directions are formed with substantially the same area.

[Supplementary Note 16] In the lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 14 or 15,
A boundary between two regions having pretilts in opposite directions existing in each of the regions having the two orientation directions is formed along the stripe-shaped transparent electrode. Liquid crystal display device.

[Supplementary Note 17] In the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of Supplementary notes 11 to 16,
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device, wherein at least one substrate has a light shielding layer at a boundary between regions where the orientation directions are orthogonal to each other.

[Supplementary Note 18] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 17,
An opaque metal having a light-shielding layer that shields the boundary between the regions where the orientation directions are orthogonal to each other on a substrate on which an electrode for forming the lateral electric field is formed, and having the same potential as the common electrode or the pixel electrode A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device comprising a layer.

[Supplementary Note 19] In the method of manufacturing the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of Supplementary notes 11 to 18,
A method of manufacturing a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device, characterized in that the alignment treatment is performed by photo-alignment.

[Appendix 20] A substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a stripe electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and oriented substantially parallel to the substrate A horizontal electric field liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode. ,
A plurality of pixels constituting the display are arranged in a matrix in the x direction and the y direction,
Within one pixel, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is one direction, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode is one direction,
Between the pixels adjacent to at least one of the x direction and the y direction, the extending direction of the stripe electrode is orthogonal and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is orthogonal, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode and the alignment of the liquid crystal The angle formed with the direction is the same,
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Appendix 21] A substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a striped electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and oriented substantially parallel to the substrate A horizontal electric field liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode. ,
A plurality of pixels constituting the display are arranged in a matrix in the x direction and the y direction,
A plurality of the pixels that are adjacent to each other in the x direction or the y direction and display different colors constitute one unit of the display,
Within the one unit, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is one direction, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode is one direction,
Between the one unit adjacent to at least one of the x direction and the y direction, the extending direction of the stripe electrode is orthogonal and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is orthogonal, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode and the liquid crystal The angle formed with the orientation direction is the same,
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Appendix 22] In the horizontal electric field mode liquid crystal display device according to Appendix 20 or 21,
The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is substantially 0 °, and the voltage-transmittance characteristics when the display surface is viewed from an oblique field of view different from 180 ° are substantially equal.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

[Supplementary Note 23] In the transverse electric field type liquid crystal display device according to Supplementary Note 20 or 21,
The liquid crystal has a pretilt angle greater than 0 °;
The four pixels of the same color layer adjacent to each other in the x direction and the y direction have four types of combinations of two kinds of liquid crystal orientation directions orthogonal to each other and two kinds of liquid crystal pretilt directions opposite to each other. Is the pixel of the
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to a lateral electric field type active matrix liquid crystal display device and any device that uses the liquid crystal display device as a display device.

1 Planar common electrode (planar electrode)
2 Common signal wiring 3 Scan line 4 Light shielding layer 5 made of first metal layer 5 Data line 6 Thin film semiconductor layer 7 Pixel electrode portion 8 made of second metal layer Pixel electrode through hole 9 Striped pixel electrode (stripe electrode)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 The part which connects a striped pixel electrode 11 The striped electrode 12 Liquid crystal 13 Gate insulating film 14 Passivation films 15 and 16 Orientation film 17 Black matrix 18 Color layer 19 Overcoat 20, 21 Transparent insulating substrate (substrate, counter substrate) )
22 Incident side polarizing plate 23 Outgoing side polarizing plate 24 Region 1 of the first embodiment (first region)
25 Initial orientation direction 26 of region 1 of embodiment 1 Region 2 of embodiment 1 (second region)
27 Initial Orientation Direction 28 of Region 2 in Embodiment 1 Incident Side Polarizing Plate Absorption Axis 29 Output Side Polarizing Plate Absorption Axis 30 Region 1 of Embodiment 2 (First Region)
31 Initial orientation direction 32 of region 1 of embodiment 2 Region 2 of embodiment 2 (second region)
33 Initial orientation direction 34 of region 2 of embodiment 2 Region 1 of embodiment 3 (third region in the first region)
35 Initial orientation direction 36 of region 1 of embodiment 3 Region 2 of embodiment 3 (fourth region in the first region)
37 Initial orientation direction 38 of region 2 of embodiment 3 Region 3 of embodiment 3 (fifth region in the second region)
39 Initial orientation direction 40 of region 3 of embodiment 3 Region 4 of embodiment 3 (sixth region in the second region)
41 Initial alignment direction 42 of region 4 of embodiment 3 Electric field 43 Direction of rising of liquid crystal 44 Region 1 of embodiment 4 (third region in the first region)
45 Initial orientation direction 46 of region 1 of embodiment 4 Region 2 of embodiment 4 (fourth region in the first region)
47 Initial orientation direction 48 of region 2 of embodiment 4 Region 3 of embodiment 4 (fifth region in the second region)
49 Initial orientation direction 50 of region 3 of embodiment 4 Region 4 of embodiment 4 (sixth region in the second region)
51 Initial Orientation Direction 52 of Region 4 of Embodiment 4 Striped Common Electrode (Stripe Electrode)
53 Planar pixel electrode (planar electrode)
54 Common electrode through hole 55 Common electrode 56 shielding the bus line Region 1 (first region) of the fifth embodiment
57 Initial orientation direction 58 of region 1 of Embodiment 5 Region 2 of Embodiment 5 (second region)
59 Initial orientation direction 60 of region 2 in Embodiment 5 Incident side polarization axis 61 Emission side polarization axis 62 Liquid crystal normal light direction 63 Striped pixel electrode 64 Striped common electrode 65 Region 1
66 Region 2
67 region 1 liquid crystal normal orientation 68 region 2 liquid crystal normal orientation 69 liquid crystal orientation orientation 70 electric field 71 viewing angle orientation 72 region 1 liquid crystal orientation orientation 73 region 2 liquid crystal orientation orientation 81 substrate 82 planar electrode 83 insulating film 84 striped electrode 85 Liquid crystal 86, 87 Orientation orientation 88, 89 when the orientation is divided between pixels 90 Pretilt orientation of liquid crystal 90 TFT array substrate 91 Color filter substrate 92, 93, 94, 95 Pixel 96 Display unit 96R, 96G, 96B pixel 97 Display unit 97R, 97G, 97 pixels

Claims (9)

A substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a stripe electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and a liquid crystal aligned substantially parallel to the substrate, In a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode,
The pixels constituting the display are divided into a first region and a second region,
The extending direction of the stripe electrode in the first region is orthogonal to the extending direction of the stripe electrode in the second region,
And the orientation orientation when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the first region and the orientation orientation when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the second region are orthogonal,
The angle formed by the extending direction of the stripe electrode in the first region and the orientation direction when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode in the second region and no voltage applied to the liquid crystal The angle formed with the orientation direction at the time is the same,
The orientation direction when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the first region is perpendicular to the data line, and the orientation direction when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the second region is parallel to the data line.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. The horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
The stripe electrode extends in an oblique direction with respect to the data line;
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. In the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2,
The alignment orientation when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal on the data line coincides with the orientation orientation when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal in the first region.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. In the horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The second region has a light shielding layer extending parallel to the data line,
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. The horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to claim 4,
The light-shielding layer is present on the substrate and is made of an opaque metal layer having the same potential as the planar electrode or the stripe electrode;
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. A method of manufacturing a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The alignment treatment of the liquid crystal is performed by photo-alignment.
A method of manufacturing a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. A substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a stripe electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and a liquid crystal aligned substantially parallel to the substrate, In a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode,
A plurality of pixels constituting the display are arranged in a matrix in the x direction and the y direction,
Within one pixel, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied is one direction, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode is the other direction,
Between the pixels adjacent to at least one of the x direction and the y direction, the extending direction of the stripe electrode is orthogonal, the alignment orientation of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied is orthogonal, and the stripe when no voltage is applied The angle formed between the extending direction of the electrode and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal is the same.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. A substrate, a planar electrode formed in a planar shape on the substrate, a stripe electrode formed in a stripe shape on the planar electrode via an insulating film, and a liquid crystal aligned substantially parallel to the substrate, In a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device that controls display by rotating the liquid crystal in a plane substantially parallel to the substrate by an electric field between the planar electrode and the stripe electrode,
A plurality of pixels constituting the display are arranged in a matrix in the x direction and the y direction,
A plurality of the pixels that are adjacent to each other in the x direction or the y direction and display different colors constitute one unit of the display,
Within the one unit, the orientation direction of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied is one direction, and the extending direction of the stripe electrode is the other direction,
Between the one unit adjacent to at least one of the x direction and the y direction, the extending direction of the stripe electrode is orthogonal, and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied is orthogonal, and the extending of the stripe electrode The angle between the direction and the orientation direction of the liquid crystal when no voltage is applied is the same,
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device. The horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device according to claim 7 or 8,
The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal is substantially 0 °, and the voltage-transmittance characteristics when the display surface is viewed from an oblique field of view different from 180 ° are substantially equal.
A horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device.

Images