JP2016025794A - Battery system monitoring device, and power storage device comprising the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a battery system monitoring device capable of detecting current leakage on the voltage input side.SOLUTION: A battery system monitoring device comprises: a cell controller IC 100 for controlling a cell group 120 composed of a plurality of battery cells 110 connected in series; and a plurality of voltage detection lines SL1 to SL5, each of which is for measuring voltage between terminals of a battery cell 110 and connects each of positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 110 with the cell controller IC 100. The cell controller IC 100 can measure voltage between terminals of each of the plurality of battery cells 110 through each of a plurality of voltage measurement paths having different impedance. The battery system monitoring device detects leakage of a battery system on the basis of voltage between terminals of the battery cell 110 measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 20

Description

  The present invention relates to a battery system monitoring device and a power storage device including the same.

  In a hybrid vehicle (HEV), an electric vehicle (EV), etc., in order to secure a desired high voltage, a plurality of cell groups in which a plurality of secondary battery unit cells are connected in series are connected in series or in series and parallel. An assembled battery (battery system) is used. In such an assembled battery, for the calculation of the remaining capacity of each unit cell and protection management, measurement of the cell voltage (voltage between terminals of the unit cell) and the state of charge (SOC), that is, the remaining capacity A cell controller for performing balancing discharge for equalization (balancing) is provided in the assembled battery monitoring device to manage the assembled battery. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). The cell controller includes a plurality of integrated circuits (cell controller ICs) and manages the plurality of cell groups.

  The SOC of each single battery cell is calculated from the open circuit voltage (OCV) of each single battery cell. That is, each unit measured in a state in which the battery system is unloaded (a state in which an inverter or the like that generates three-phase AC power from DC power from the battery system and supplies it to an HEV or EV drive motor is not connected). The SOC of each single battery cell is calculated from the voltage between the terminals of the battery cell. The voltage between terminals of each single battery cell is measured by inputting the voltage between terminals of each single battery cell to the voltage input terminal of the cell controller IC. An RC filter is provided at a voltage input terminal of the cell controller IC in order to remove noise associated with charging / discharging of the battery system.

JP 2009-89484 A

Due to various causes such as capacitor deterioration of the RC filter provided in the input terminal of the cell controller IC, diode deterioration for ESD countermeasures provided in the cell controller IC, or insulation failure near the voltage detection terminal of the cell controller IC, Current leakage may occur on the voltage input terminal side. When this current leak occurs, the voltage between the terminals of each single battery cell of the cell controller IC is not accurately measured, and the SOC of each single battery cell cannot be obtained correctly. If balancing discharge of each single battery cell is performed based on such an incorrect SOC, there is a possibility of overcharge or overdischarge.
However, the battery system monitoring apparatus provided with the conventional cell controller IC cannot detect that a current leak has occurred.

A battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention monitors a battery system including a cell group in which a plurality of single battery cells are connected in series, and includes a cell controller IC that controls the cell group, and a terminal of the single battery cell. A plurality of voltage detection lines for connecting the cell controller IC and each of a positive electrode and a negative electrode of the single battery cell for measuring an inter-voltage. The cell controller IC is capable of measuring the inter-terminal voltage for each of the plurality of single battery cells via each of a plurality of voltage measurement paths having different impedances. A leak of the battery system is detected based on the voltage between the terminals measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths.
A power storage device according to the present invention includes the battery system monitoring device described above and a battery system that includes a cell group in which a plurality of single battery cells are connected in series and is monitored by the battery system monitoring device.

  By using the battery system monitoring device according to the present invention, in the power storage device provided with the battery system monitoring device, the capacitor deterioration of the RC filter provided at the cell voltage input terminal of the cell controller IC is provided in the cell controller IC. It is possible to detect leakage due to various causes such as diode deterioration for ESD countermeasures or insulation failure near the voltage detection terminal of the cell controller IC.

1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an entire electric drive device of a hybrid vehicle including a battery monitoring device for an assembled battery according to an embodiment. It is an example of an RC filter circuit for cell voltage detection and a balancing circuit, and shows a circuit having a configuration in which a capacitor 103 of an RC filter is connected between two adjacent voltage detection lines. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another example of an RC filter circuit for cell voltage detection and a balancing circuit, and a circuit having a configuration in which a capacitor 103 of the RC filter is connected between a voltage detection line and a ground line. FIG. 5 shows still another example of an RC filter circuit for cell voltage detection and a balancing circuit, and shows a circuit having a configuration in which one end of a capacitor 103 of the RC filter is connected to a voltage detection line at an intermediate potential of the battery system. FIG. It is a figure which shows the change of the cell voltage with respect to SOC, and the operation | movement of a gas exhaust valve at the time of charging a lithium ion battery with a constant current and making it the overcharge state intentionally. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the balancing operation in this case, showing the leakage current when leakage occurs in the capacitor 103 connected to the voltage detection line SL2 in the RC filter circuit shown in FIG. 3 in an easy-to-understand manner. In a cell group in which twelve unit cells are connected in series, the leakage current when leakage occurs in the capacitor of the uppermost cell (cell 1) among the capacitors 103 of the RC filter connected as shown in FIG. FIG. Detected when leak occurs in the lowest cell (cell 12), the sixth cell from the lowest cell (cell 7), and the highest cell (cell 1) with the RC filter configuration shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the cell voltage and leakage resistance to be performed. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for performing leak detection in the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention, and in the circuit shown in FIG. 3, a leak detection switch is provided in the cell controller IC. FIG. 9 is a diagram in which a voltage drop due to leakage is plotted against leakage resistance RL in the three curves (cell 12, cell 7, and cell 1) shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a circuit configuration for performing leak detection in the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention, and in the circuit shown in FIG. 2, a leak detection switch is provided in the cell controller IC. It is a figure for demonstrating clearly the leak current when a leak generate | occur | produces with the capacitor | condenser connected between two voltage detection lines, and explaining the balancing operation | movement in this case. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a circuit having a configuration in which the balancing resistor is arranged on the positive potential side of the balancing switch in the circuit illustrated in FIG. 3. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a circuit having a configuration in which the balancing resistor is divided and arranged on both the positive potential side and the negative potential side of the balancing switch in the circuit illustrated in FIG. 3. The relationship between the resistance value of the leakage resistance (RL) and the detected cell voltage when the voltage input resistance for voltage measurement is one value in a state where the actual voltages of the single cells of the cell group are aligned. FIG. The relationship between the resistance value of the leakage resistance (RL) and the actual voltage of the single battery cell when the voltage input resistance for voltage measurement is one value with the detection voltages of the single battery cells of the cell group aligned. FIG. It is a figure which shows roughly the mode of the balancing discharge of the cell from which the high voltage was detected when leak generate | occur | produced. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing how much the actual voltage of the voltage between terminals of a cell that is leaking may increase due to the relationship between the leakage current and the balancing current. It is a figure for demonstrating the control for making the actual voltage of the cell which has leaked into the voltage below an overcharge protection voltage. It is a figure which shows the circuit structure for performing leak detection without using a leak detection switch with the battery system monitoring apparatus by this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Embodiment described below is an example at the time of applying the electrical storage apparatus provided with the battery system monitoring apparatus by this invention with respect to the electrical storage apparatus provided with the battery system used for a hybrid vehicle (HEV) etc. Note that the present invention is not limited to HEVs and can be widely applied to various power storage devices mounted on plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV), electric vehicles (EV), railway vehicles, and the like.

  In the following embodiments, a lithium-ion battery having a voltage in the range of 3.0 to 4.2 V (average output voltage: 3.6 V) is assumed as a power storage / discharge device that is a minimum unit of control. Any device that can store and discharge electricity that restricts its use when the SOC (State of Charge) is too high (overcharge) or too low (overdischarge) can be used. Collectively, they are called single cells, single battery cells, or simply cells.

  In the embodiments described below, a plurality of single battery cells (generally several to a dozen or more) connected in series are called cell groups, and a plurality of cell groups connected in series are battery modules. I call it. Further, a plurality of cell groups or battery modules connected in series or in series and parallel are referred to as a battery system. A cell group, a battery module, and a battery system are collectively referred to as an assembled battery. A cell controller IC that detects the cell voltage of each single battery cell and monitors the battery state while performing a balancing operation or the like is provided for each cell group.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration example of an electric drive device for a hybrid vehicle equipped with a power storage device including a battery system monitoring device according to the present invention. The electric drive apparatus of the hybrid vehicle includes a vehicle controller 400, a motor controller 300, a battery controller 200, a plurality of cell controller ICs 100, a battery system 130, an inverter 340, a motor 350, and the like. Among these, the vehicle controller 400, the motor controller 300, the battery controller 200, the cell controller IC 100, and the inverter 340 exchange information with each other via a communication circuit installed in the vehicle. The battery system 130 includes a plurality of cell groups 120 connected in series, and each cell group 120 includes a plurality of secondary battery cells 110 such as lithium-ion batteries connected in series. Has been. The battery system monitoring apparatus 10 includes a connection circuit including a battery controller 200, a cell controller IC 100, a resistor, a capacitor, and the like provided between the cell controller IC 100 and the cell group 120. The power storage device includes the battery system monitoring device 10 and the battery system 130.

A communication circuit between the battery controller 200 and the plurality of cell controller ICs 100 is connected in a loop, and a signal is transmitted from the battery controller 200 to the highest cell controller IC 100 via the signal isolator 201. Signals are sequentially transmitted in series from the cell controller IC 100 to the lowest cell controller IC 100, and finally, signals are transmitted from the lowest cell controller IC 100 to the battery controller 200 via the signal isolator 202. The battery controller 200 can exchange information with all the cell controller ICs 100 via a loop communication circuit.
Although an example in which signal transmission is performed via a loop communication circuit is shown here, a configuration using a bidirectional communication circuit is also possible, and in this case, the signal isolator 202 is unnecessary. Further, although not shown, a communication circuit can be connected in parallel from the battery controller 200 to all the cell controller ICs 100 to perform signal transmission in parallel.

  The vehicle controller 400 controls the traveling speed, braking / driving force, and the like of the vehicle based on an operation signal from a vehicle driving operation device such as an accelerator pedal, a brake pedal, or a shift lever operated by a driver of the hybrid vehicle. The motor controller 300 controls the battery controller 200 and the inverter 340 based on the speed command and braking / driving force command from the vehicle controller 400, and controls the rotational speed and torque of the vehicle travel drive motor 350.

  The battery controller 200 controls charging / discharging and SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery system 130 based on the voltage, current, and temperature of the battery system 130 detected by the voltage sensor 210, the current sensor 220, and the temperature sensor 230. Discharge (hereinafter referred to as “SOC”) for controlling the SOC of a plurality of single battery cells (hereinafter simply referred to as “cells”) 110 constituting the battery system 130 by controlling the cell controller IC 100 and correcting variations in SOC so as not to be overcharged. , Called balancing discharge).

1 exemplifies a battery system in which a plurality of cell groups 120 in which, for example, four cells 110 are connected in series are connected in series. In addition, the number of the single cell 110 which comprises the cell group 120 may be four or more. As the cell controller IC 100, a cell controller IC 100 adapted to the specifications of the cell group 120 is used.
A battery system 130 mounted on a hybrid vehicle is generally a battery system in which many cells or cell groups are connected in series and parallel, and the voltage at both ends is a high voltage and high capacity of several hundred volts. Of course, the present invention can be applied to such a high-voltage, high-capacity battery system.

  The cell controller IC 100 is provided for each cell group 120 by dividing a plurality of cells 110 constituting the battery system into groups every predetermined number. For example, when battery systems 130 in which 100 cells 110 are connected in series are grouped into four cells, 25 sets of cell controller ICs 100 are used. Each cell controller IC 100 detects a voltage between terminals of each cell constituting each cell group 120 and transmits the detected voltage to the battery controller 200, and performs energization control of the balancing current for each cell 110 in accordance with a command from the battery controller 200. The balancing resistor 102 (see FIG. 1) is a resistor for limiting the discharge (balancing discharge) current of each cell for correcting the variation in the SOC of each cell, and is provided for each cell 110.

  The DC power charged in the battery system 130 is supplied to the smoothing capacitor 330 and the inverter 340 through the positive electrode side contactor 310 and the negative electrode side contactor 320, converted into AC power by the inverter 340, and applied to the AC motor 350. 350 is driven. This conversion from DC power to AC power is performed by switching of a switching element (not shown) provided in the inverter 340. On the other hand, during braking of the vehicle, AC power generated by AC motor 350 is converted to DC power by a diode element (not shown) provided in inverter 340 and smoothing capacitor 330 to be positive-side contactor 310 and negative-side contactor 320. Is applied to the battery system 130 through the charging, and the battery system 130 is charged. That is, DC power is exchanged between the battery system 130 and the inverter 340.

  Ripple noise and switching noise are generated with the operation of the inverter 340. These noises are reduced to some extent by the smoothing capacitor 330, but cannot be completely removed and flow into the battery system 130, and a noise voltage proportional to the noise current is superimposed on the voltage between terminals of each cell. Since this noise becomes a cell voltage detection error, a voltage signal input to a voltage measurement circuit (not shown) for measuring the voltage must be suppressed by using an RC filter or the like. Note that a voltage measurement circuit (not shown) is provided in the cell controller IC 100 and will not be described in detail.

(Example of RC filter circuit and balancing circuit)
FIG. 2 shows an example of an RC filter circuit for cell voltage detection using the cell controller IC 100 and a balancing circuit. Here, in one cell group 120 shown in FIG. 1, the positive and negative terminals of the four unit cells 110 connected in series are connected to the cell voltage input terminals (CV terminals) of the cell controller IC 100 via the voltage detection lines SL1 to SL5. ) 105. Each of the voltage detection lines SL1 to SL5 is provided with a cell voltage input resistor (Rcv) 101 that forms an RC filter. Further, a capacitor 103 is connected between voltage detection lines connected to the positive and negative terminals of each cell, that is, between two adjacent voltage detection lines, thereby forming an RC filter.

The cell controller IC 100 has a GND terminal (GND) 107 and a Vcc terminal (VCC) 104. The GND terminal is connected to the negative electrode of the battery cell having the lowest potential among the four battery cells connected in series with the ground line (GL). Further, the Vcc terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the unit cell having the highest potential among the four unit cells connected in series by a power line (VL). The highest potential of the cell group supplied through this power supply line is used as the operating power supply Vcc of the cell controller IC100.
Note that the resistance value of the cell voltage input resistance (Rcv) 101 and the resistance value of the balancing resistance (BS resistance, Rb) are also expressed as Rcv and Rb, respectively.
In this specification, the voltage detection line is a voltage for measuring the voltage between terminals of each single battery cell provided in the cell controller IC 100 from the positive and negative electrodes of each single battery cell with a voltage measurement circuit (not shown). This refers to wiring up to the input of a multiplexer (not shown) that selects a detection line.

  In each cell, a series circuit of a balancing switch (BSW) 108 and a balancing resistor (BS resistor, Rb) 102 is connected in parallel with each cell, and balancing discharge is performed under the control of the balancing switch 108. The balancing switch 108 is provided in the cell controller IC 100, and is configured by, for example, a MOSFET switch. The balancing switch 108 has two voltage detection lines connected to positive and negative terminals of a cell corresponding to the balancing switch by two wires (referred to as balancing lines BL) via a balancing terminal (BS terminal) 106. Are connected to each.

<Modification 1 of RC filter circuit>
FIG. 3 shows another example of the RC filter circuit, in which the capacitor 103 of the RC filter is connected to the GND terminal 107 of the cell controller IC 100. In the RC filter system of FIG. 2, when four capacitors having the same capacity are used, the effective capacitor capacity of the RC filter corresponding to the connected cell changes. The frequency characteristics are different. In order to make the frequency characteristics the same, it was necessary to change the RC constant for each cell. In the method shown in FIG. 3, the RC constant may be the same, but the withstand voltage of the capacitor 103 needs to be increased to withstand the voltage of four unit cells.

<Modification 2 of RC filter circuit>
FIG. 4 shows still another example of the RC filter circuit, in which the connection point of the capacitor 103 is connected to the voltage detection line (SL3 in FIG. 4) at the midpoint potential of the series battery. Even in this method, the constants of the RC filters connected to each cell are the same. Further, there is an advantage that the withstand voltage of the capacitor 504 can be half that of the RC filter circuit of FIG.

2 is connected between the voltage detection line SL5 and the ground line (GL). In FIG. 3, the capacitor 103 is connected between each of the voltage detection lines SL1 to SL5 and the ground line (GL). In FIG. 4, a capacitor 103 is connected between the voltage detection line SL3 and the ground line (GL). Instead of connecting the capacitor 103 between these voltage detection lines and the ground line, a circuit configuration in which the capacitor 103 is connected between these voltage detection lines and the power supply line (VL) is also possible.
The operation of such a circuit configuration is the same as the circuit configuration shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 and can be easily understood from the description with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 below. A diagram of a circuit configuration for connecting the capacitor 103 is omitted.

<Characteristics of lithium ion battery and necessity of balancing discharge>
Here, the characteristic of a lithium ion battery is demonstrated as an example of the single cell used with the electrical storage apparatus provided with the battery system monitoring apparatus by this invention. The causes of variations in the SOC of a plurality of unit cells constituting the battery system 130 include variations in self-discharge speed of each cell, variations in charge / discharge efficiency, variations in current consumption during operation and dark current during stoppage, etc. Although there are various factors, a battery mounted on a passenger car has a relatively long leaving period, and therefore, self-discharge (spontaneous discharge) varies mainly. In the case of a lithium ion battery, the OCV (open circuit voltage) of each single battery cell is measured at the time of system startup, and the SOC of each single battery cell is calculated therefrom. If the OCV is high, the SOC is also high. Therefore, balancing discharge is performed on a cell having a high OCV to reduce the SOC, so that the SOCs of a plurality of cells constituting the battery system 130 are aligned.

  Lithium ion batteries do not react to absorb oxygen generated in the negative electrode in an overcharged state, unlike nickel-hydrogen and nickel-cadmium batteries, and therefore, variations in SOC cannot be reduced by overcharging. Therefore, the balancing discharge function is an important function for a lithium ion battery, and if the balancing discharge function is not provided, SOC variation occurs. Therefore, a cell having a high SOC and a cell having a low SOC when used as a battery, that is, a battery system (assembled battery). Will occur. In the battery system, since charging / discharging is controlled by the total voltage, that is, the average SOC, cells having a low SOC during charging / discharging may be overdischarged, and cells having a high SOC may be overcharged.

  In a lithium ion battery, when the SOC is low, copper that is a current collector of the negative electrode is eluted and may be deposited as dendrites to cause a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. For this reason, charging is appropriately performed so that each cell does not enter an overdischarged state. In addition, in a lithium ion battery, when it is overcharged, reactions such as decomposition of the electrolytic solution, decomposition of the positive electrode and negative electrode active material occur, and this reaction is not only irreversible, but also increases the temperature and internal pressure in the battery. . In order to avoid such an overcharged state, the lithium ion battery employs a structure in which a gas discharge valve is provided in the cell to safely release the internal pressure.

  In a battery in which many cells are connected in series and parallel, the total voltage of the battery is detected by the total voltage detection circuit, and the voltage of all the cells is detected by the voltage detection circuit in the cell controller IC 100. Therefore, it is unlikely that the whole battery will be overcharged or overdischarged. However, defects on the voltage input side to the voltage input terminal of the cell controller IC 100 (degradation of the capacitor of the RC filter, ESD countermeasure diode provided in the cell controller (see, for example, FIG. 5 of JP 2010-193589 A)) If the voltage measurement of a certain cell is not performed normally due to degradation of the cell or insulation failure near the voltage detection terminal of the cell controller, normal balancing discharge is not performed and this cell may be overcharged. is there.

  As will be described later, for example, if a failure occurs such that a voltage of a certain cell is detected low on the input side of the voltage detection circuit of the cell controller, the actual OCV of the cell is low even if it is not low. Since the voltage is detected, the cell is excluded from balancing discharge, and the other cells are subjected to balancing discharge. Therefore, after the end of the balancing discharge, the SOC of the other cell is lowered by the amount of the balancing discharge, and conversely, the SOC of the cell becomes relatively higher by that amount. Since all cells (battery system) are charged with balancing discharge of cells with apparently high OCV, and the variation in OCV is reduced, the total voltage of the battery system is apparent when such operations are repeated. In addition, only the relevant cell is overcharged while remaining normal.

  In order to prevent such an overcharged state due to a malfunction on the input side of the cell voltage measurement circuit and to avoid erroneous measurement of the cell voltage due to a failure of the voltage measurement circuit itself, in the conventional assembled battery control device, Two cell controller ICs 100 equipped with a voltage measurement circuit are provided so that the voltage measurement circuit of the cell is a dual system. Even if a problem occurs in the voltage measurement function of one cell controller IC 100, the other cell controller IC 100 It has been carried out to ensure that the cell voltage can be detected with the voltage measurement function.

<Behavior of lithium-ion battery overcharge>
Next, an example of the behavior of the lithium ion battery in an overcharged state will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a change in the cell voltage with respect to the SOC and the operation of the gas discharge valve when the lithium ion battery is charged with a constant current and is intentionally overcharged. As is apparent from the figure, the cell voltage increases as the SOC increases, and the internal pressure increases and the gas discharge valve operates when the SOC is about 280%. In this lithium ion battery, there is a possibility that the gas discharge valve operates when the SOC is 230% or more. Therefore, the SOC 230% or more is set as the gas discharge valve operation region. The lower limit SOC of the gas discharge valve operating region largely depends on the characteristics of the lithium ion battery, and varies depending on various conditions such as the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material, and the electrolyte composition. The gas discharge valve operation region shown in FIG. 5 shows an example.

  However, the characteristic that as the SOC increases, the cell voltage increases and approaches the gas discharge valve operating region is a characteristic common to all lithium ion batteries. Therefore, in the control device of the conventional battery system, the cell voltage determined to be overcharged is set to a cell voltage between the cell voltage at 100% SOC and the cell voltage at the lower limit SOC of the gas discharge valve operating region, and the redundant system The detection voltage of the overcharge detection circuit is set to a value of the cell voltage within the SOC range, and charge / discharge control is performed so that the overcharge voltage is not charged.

<Occurrence of leak>
As described above, the leakage may occur due to deterioration of the capacitor of the RC filter, deterioration of the diode for ESD countermeasure provided in the cell controller IC 100, insulation failure near the voltage detection terminal of the cell controller IC 100, or the like. In the following description, it is assumed that a leak has occurred in the RC filter capacitor. The same can be understood when a leak occurs due to another cause, and the operation of the battery system according to the present invention described below can be applied.
In the following description, as shown in FIG. 3, a case will be described in which a capacitor 103 of an RC filter is connected in parallel with the cell between each of the voltage detection lines SL1 to SL5 and the ground line (GL). A cell in which the detection voltage is lowered due to leakage in the capacitor 103 is referred to as a leak generation cell. However, this is just a name and does not mean that this cell is actually leaking.

<Measured cell voltage when leakage occurs in the RC filter capacitor>
In FIG. 6, for simplicity of explanation, a voltage detection line (SL2 in the example of FIG. 6) connected to the positive electrode of cell 2 and ground wiring GL among four unit cells (cell 1 to cell 4) connected in series. Suppose that a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between the two. This is represented by a leak resistance (RL) 131 connected in parallel to the capacitor 103. For the sake of easy understanding, FIG. 6 shows the balancing switch 108 provided in the cell controller IC 100 of FIG. 3 extracted outside, and omits the description of the cell controller.

Assuming that the actual voltage of the cell 2 is Vc2, the voltage V2 between the voltage input terminals (CV terminals) connected to the voltage detection lines SL2 and SL3, which is the detection voltage of the cell 2 of the cell controller IC100, is expressed by the following equation (1). Indicated by
V2 = Vc2− (Vc2 + Vc3 + Vc4) × Rcv / (Rcv + RL)
. . . (1)
The leakage current IL flowing through the leakage resistance (RL) 131 also flows through the voltage input resistance Rcv of the voltage detection line SL2, and due to the voltage drop due to the voltage input resistance Rcv, the potential of the CV terminal to which the voltage detection line SL2 is connected is The voltage across the CV terminals to which the voltage detection line SL2 is connected is measured to be lower than the actual voltage of the cell 2. For this reason, the detection voltage V2 between the two CV terminals to which the cell 2 is connected decreases.

If the actual voltage of the cell 1 is Vc1, and the voltage between the CV terminals to which the voltage detection lines SL1 and SL2 connected to the cell 1 are connected is V1, V1 is expressed by the following equation (2).
V1 = Vc1 + (Vc2 + Vc3 + Vc4) × Rcv / (Rcv + RL)
. . . (2)
As shown in the equation (2), the voltage V1 between the CV terminals of the cell 1 due to the leakage current flowing in the leakage resistance (RL) 131 between the voltage detection line SL2 connected to the positive electrode of the cell 2 and the ground line GL. Conversely, the voltage rises and a voltage value higher than the actual voltage Vc1 is measured.

This is because the potential at the CV terminal to which the voltage detection line SL2 is connected is lowered by the cell voltage input resistance Rcv provided in the voltage detection line SL2.
In other words, the detection voltage of the cell on the upper side of the voltage detection line provided with the cell voltage input resistance Rcv that causes a voltage drop at the CV terminal due to the leak current rises, and the detection of the cell on the lower side of this voltage detection line The voltage will rise.

  Since the battery cell in which the high voltage is detected has a high remaining capacity (SOC) corresponding to this voltage, normally, the balancing switch 108 is closed and balancing discharge is performed, and the cell voltages of all the cells are made uniform. Balancing discharge is performed. Therefore, when the detection voltage V1 of the cell 1 increases as described above, balancing discharge is performed on the cell 1. This is shown as balancing discharge current (IB) 133 in FIG. However, this detailed description will be made by balancing discharge control described later.

FIG. 8 is a cell group in which twelve single battery cells (cells 1 to 12) are connected in series as shown in FIG. 7, and the voltage connected to the positive electrode of each cell as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. When the capacitor 103 of the RC filter is connected between the detection line and the ground line, and when it is assumed that a leak current flows in the capacitor 103 when the actual voltages of these cells are all 3.6 V, this capacitor It is a figure which shows the relationship between the leak resistance of 103, and the detected cell voltage.
Here, for simplicity of explanation, as an example, either the cell having the lowest potential (cell 12), the sixth cell (cell 7) from this lowest potential cell, or the cell having the highest potential (cell 1) is selected. It is said that a leak has occurred. That is, the positive electrode of the lowest potential cell (cell 12), the sixth cell (cell 7) from the lowest potential cell, and the highest potential, that is, the lowest potential cell 12th cell (cell 1). When a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between the connected voltage detection line and the ground line, the detection voltage of each cell is shown with respect to the leakage resistance (RL) 131 of the capacitor 103. In FIG. 8, the calculation is performed with Rcv = 33 kΩ.

As the number of single battery cells between the voltage detection line connected to the positive electrode of each cell and the ground line increases, as described in the above formulas (1) and (2), each voltage detection line The voltage applied to the connected capacitor increases and the leakage current increases. As the leakage current increases in proportion to the number of unit cells, the leakage current in the capacitor connected to the voltage detection line connected to the high potential cell increases as shown in FIG. Accordingly, the higher the cell on the higher potential side, the larger the voltage drop when a leak occurs, and the detected voltage decreases.
The curve of the cell 12 in FIG. 8 shows how the detected cell voltage changes with respect to the leak resistance RL with respect to the voltage of one unit cell (3.6 V). That is, in this case, V2 is shown in the equation (1) when V3 = V4 = 0.
In addition, the curve of the cell 7 (not shown) shows a state of voltage drop due to leakage current with respect to the voltage (3.6 × 6 = 21.6 V) of six single battery cells. Furthermore, the curve of the cell 1 indicates that the 12 cell controller ICs between the voltage detection line (SL1) connected to the positive electrode of the cell 1 and the ground line (GL) Selection of a plurality of voltage measurement paths and measurement of the voltage between the terminals are performed, and the measurement result of the voltage between the terminals via the plurality of voltage measurement paths is transmitted to the battery controller. Based on the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage transmitted from the IC, the state of the voltage drop due to the leak current with respect to the cell voltage (3.6 × 12 = 43.2 V) for detecting the leak of the battery system is shown. .

In the example of the sixth cell in the middle (cell 7, not shown), the actual voltage of 3.6V is detected as a voltage of 2V or less when the leak resistance is lowered to a value below about 300 kΩ.
If this leak suddenly occurs at a certain point in time, the detection value of the cell voltage becomes 2V or less, which is lower than the overdischarge detection voltage of 2V, and an abnormality may be detected as overdischarge. The cell that is one level above the cell that has been detected as having a low voltage due to a leak is detected to have a high voltage, so if a sudden leak occurs at a certain point in time, an abnormality may be detected even as an overcharge. There is.

<Leak detection circuit and leak detection operation>
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for performing leak detection in the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention. Here, for the sake of simplicity, the case of a cell group composed of four single battery cells is shown as an example. A difference from the circuit of FIG. 3 is that a leak detection switch 109 that bypasses a cell voltage input resistance (Rcv) 101 that is a resistance of an RC filter for cell voltage input is built in the cell controller IC 100. The leak detection switch 109 is connected to the positive side of the cell corresponding to the balancing switch 108 out of the two balancing lines (BL) connected to the balancing switch 108 that controls energization of the balancing current in the cell controller IC 100. Connected to the balancing line.

  When the cell voltage is measured with the leak detection switch 109 turned on, the cell voltage is measured with the RC filter resistor Rcv short-circuited. When the cell voltage is measured with the leak detection switch 109 turned off, the RC filter is connected to the positive electrode of the cell. The cell voltage is measured while being inserted into a voltage detection line between the cell voltage input terminals. Therefore, if a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 of this RC filter and a leak current flows, the cell voltage measured with the leak detection switch 109 turned off as shown in FIG. The voltage drop generated by flowing through the resistor (Rcv) 101 is reduced.

On the other hand, when the cell voltage is measured with the leak detection switch 109 turned on, almost all voltage drops due to the leak current occur in the leak resistor 131 (RL), so that the normal cell voltage (actual voltage) in the absence of leak is present. A voltage approximately equal to is detected. This is because the leak proceeds little by little, but its leak resistance never becomes zero. Even if the leak resistance becomes approximately 0, the detected cell voltage is approximately 0V. Therefore, before such a state is reached, a cell voltage of 2V or less is already detected and detected as an overdischarged state. This can be seen from the above formulas (1) and (2), assuming that Rcv = 0, V2 = Vc2 and V1 = Vc1.
When the capacitor 103 has no leakage, that is, when the insulation resistance of the capacitor is almost infinite, the normal cell voltage (= Actual voltage) is detected. This is apparent from the above formulas (1) and (2), where RL >> Rcv, V2 = Vc2 and V1 = Vc1, respectively.
Therefore, by detecting the difference between the cell voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is on and the cell voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is off (= detection voltage difference), it is possible to determine whether or not a leak has occurred.

  FIG. 10 shows how this detected voltage difference changes depending on the leak resistance RL. In this figure, the three curves shown in FIG. 8 (cell 12, cell 7, cell 1) are plotted with respect to the leakage resistance RL, the voltage drop from the actual voltage 3.6V due to the leakage current. . That is, the detection voltage difference of each cell shown in FIG. 10 indicates the difference between the detection voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is on and the detection voltage when it is off.

  The detection voltage difference shown in FIG. 10 is inversely proportional to the resistance value of the leak resistance RL when the resistance value of the leak resistance RL is sufficiently larger than the cell voltage input resistance Rcv, that is, when RL >> Rcv. When the leak resistance RL approaches 0, the detection voltage also approaches 0, so the detection voltage difference approaches the actual voltage of the single battery cell 3.6 V, but this is a curve from the straight line on the left side of the curve of the cell 12. Prominently shown.

  As apparent from the above description, this detection voltage difference depends on the resistance value of the leakage resistance RL. Therefore, from this detection voltage difference, the leakage resistance RL can be obtained on the contrary using the equation (1). . Further, since this detection voltage difference is caused by the leakage current IL flowing through the cell voltage input resistance Rcv, it is also possible to calculate this leakage current.

In the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention described above, the cell voltage is measured by turning on and off the leak detection switch 109. The actual voltage of the cell is measured during the measurement of the cell voltage. Must be the same on and off. That is, while the load such as the inverter 340 is connected to the battery system 130, the charge / discharge current of the battery system flows, and the voltage of the battery system and each single battery cell fluctuates, the leak detection switch 109 is turned on and off. Since the cell voltage detection values measured in the above state both fluctuate, it is necessary to measure in a state where the charging / discharging current of the battery system 130 is not flowing and the voltage is stable. Therefore, the operation is normally performed when a vehicle equipped with the battery system monitoring device according to the present invention is started or when the vehicle is stopped and a load such as the inverter 340 is not connected to the battery system 130.
The cell voltage is measured by the cell controller IC 100. The measurement result of the cell voltage is transmitted to the battery controller 200, which is a host controller, and the detection voltage difference is calculated and whether there is a leak based on the detection voltage difference. The battery controller performs determination, and further calculation of leakage resistance and leakage current.

<Identification of leak detection points>
The leak detection method using the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention has been described above. Using this leak detection method, the capacitor 103 in which a leak has occurred can be identified. Alternatively, as already described, the occurrence of leakage is not limited to the capacitor 103, but a multiplexer (not shown) for selecting a voltage detection line provided in the cell controller IC 100 for measuring the voltage between terminals of each unit cell. Similarly, when a leak occurs in the wiring, ESD countermeasure diode, or the like up to the input terminal, it can be similarly detected.
In the following, as an example, as shown in FIG. 9, when the capacitor 103 of the RC filter is connected between the voltage detection lines (SL1 to SL5) and the ground line (GL), as shown in FIG. The case where the capacitor | condenser 103 of RC filter is connected between the two adjacent voltage detection lines respectively connected to the positive / negative electrode of a single battery cell is demonstrated. Note that the circuit shown in FIG. 9 has a configuration in which a leak detection switch 109 is added to the circuit shown in FIG. 3, and the circuit shown in FIG. 11 has a configuration in which a leak detection switch 109 is added to the circuit shown in FIG. Yes. Further, for the sake of simplicity in the following description, an example of a configuration of a cell group in which four unit cells are connected in series will be described as shown in FIGS. 9 and 11. The leak detection method described below can be similarly applied even to a cell group constituted by five or more single battery cells, for example, a cell group of 12 single battery cells as described in FIG.

<Leak detection in the case of FIG. 9 in which a capacitor is connected between the voltage detection line and the ground line>
As described in FIG. 6, the detection voltage of the cell on the upper side of the voltage detection line provided with the cell voltage input resistor Rcv that causes a voltage drop due to the leak current rises, and the cell on the lower side of this voltage detection line The detection voltage rises.
In the detection of the cell voltage, two voltage detection lines connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the cell for detecting the voltage by driving a multiplexer (not shown) are selected, and the potential of the two voltage detection lines is changed from the multiplexer to the voltage measurement circuit. The voltage is sent to (not shown). When measuring the cell voltage, both voltage measurement with the leak detection switch 109 turned off and voltage measurement with the leak detection switch 109 turned on are performed. This voltage measurement operation is performed on the cells 1 to 4.

For example, as shown in FIG. 6, it is assumed that a leak has occurred in the capacitor 103 connected between the voltage detection line connected to the positive electrode of the cell 2 and the ground line. This leak occurrence is illustrated as a leak resistance RL. In the measurement of the cell voltages V1 to V4 of each cell, the cell voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is turned off or on is measured. The cell voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is off is V1 _{off to} V4 _off. The cell voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is on is set to V1 _{on to} V4 _on . The actual voltages of the cells 1 to 4 are Vc1 to Vc4.
When there is no leak in the capacitor 103, that is, when the battery system is normal, V1 _{off to} V4 _off are equal to V1 _{on to} V4 _on , respectively, and the actual voltages Vc1 to Vc4 of the cells are detected, respectively.
Each battery cell is charged / discharged so that the actual voltage is in the range of, for example, 3.0 to 4.2 V (average output voltage: 3.6 V) when the battery system or the battery cell is in a normal state. These remaining capacities (SOC) are managed. Therefore, if the detected voltage is within a range of 3.0 to 4.2 V, for example, it is determined to be normal.
Note that the leak detection switch is turned off in the normal operating state of the battery system.

1) When the cell voltage of cell 1 is measured:
V1 _off = Vc1 + (Vc2 + Vc3 + Vc4) × Rcv / (Rcv + RL)
. . . (3)
V1 _on = Vc1. . . (4)
It becomes.
The leakage current flowing in the cell voltage input resistor (Rcv) 101 provided in the voltage detection line SL2 due to the leakage of the capacitor 103 of the cell 2, that is, the capacitor 103 connected between the voltage detection line SL2 and the ground line GL The potential of the voltage input terminal (CV terminal) connected to the detection line SL2 has dropped. Therefore, a voltage higher than the actual voltage Vc1 of the cell 1 is detected as V1 _off .
When the voltage drop due to leakage is not so large and V1 _off is in the normal voltage range, it is not possible to determine whether or not this detected voltage is normal only by V1 _off, but V1 _on = Vc1 and V1 _off is higher than V1 _on . Since the voltage is high, it can be determined that a leak has occurred in the capacitor 103 of the cell 2.

2) When the cell voltage of cell 2 is measured:
V2 _off = Vc2- (Vc2 + Vc3 + Vc4) × Rcv / (Rcv + RL)
. . . (5)
V2 _on = Vc2. . . (6)
It becomes.
Due to the leakage of the capacitor 103 of the cell 2, a voltage drop occurs in the cell voltage input resistance (Rcv) 101 of the voltage detection line SL2, and the detection voltage of the cell 2 becomes lower than the actual voltage Vc2.
When the voltage drop due to leakage is not so large and V2 _off is in the normal voltage range, it is not possible to determine whether or not the detected voltage is normalized by V2 _off alone, as in the case of cell 1 (above 1)). V2 _on = Vc2 and V2 _off is smaller than V2 _on , so that it can be determined that the capacitor 103 of the cell 2 is leaking.

3) When cell voltages of cell 3 and cell 4 are measured:
V3 _off = V3 _on = Vc3. . . (7)
V4 _off = V4 _on = Vc4. . . (8)
It becomes.
The leak of the capacitor 103 of the cell 2 does not affect the detection of the cell voltages of the cells 3 and 4. That is, when there is no leak in the capacitor 103, the actual voltages of these cells are detected by turning off or on the leak detection switch.

As can be seen from the above description, by measuring the cell voltage using a circuit provided with the leak detection switch having the configuration shown in FIG. 9, the capacitor 103 in which the leak has occurred can be determined by the following method. it can.
a) That is, even if the detection voltage V _off when the leak detection switch is turned off in a certain cell or the detection voltage V _on of the cell when the leak detection switch is turned _on is a normal voltage, V _off > V _on In some cases, it is determined that a leak has occurred in the capacitor of the RC filter for voltage detection in a cell below this cell.
b) Or, even if V _off or V _on is a normal voltage, if V _off <V _on , it is determined that a leak has occurred in the capacitor of the RC filter for voltage detection of this cell.
c) In other words, if the cell voltages of the cells 1 to 4 are continuously detected as described above, V _off <V _on in a certain cell and V _off > V _on in the next cell of this cell, It is determined that a leak has occurred in the capacitor connected to the voltage detection line between the two consecutive cells.

If both V _off and V _on are normal voltages and equal voltages are detected, it can be determined that the capacitor of the voltage detection RC filter of this cell is normal and no leakage has occurred.

  As already described above, leakage occurs not only due to the capacitor of the RC filter but also due to poor insulation of wiring such as the voltage detection line, deterioration of the ESD countermeasure diode in the cell controller IC 100, or the like. . Although these cases can be detected in the same manner as described above, here, for the purpose of explanation, the leak of the capacitor is represented as a cause of the occurrence of these leaks.

<Leak detection in the case of FIG. 11 in which a capacitor is connected between two adjacent voltage detection lines>
For example, as shown in FIG. 11, it is assumed that a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between two adjacent voltage detection lines connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the cell 2. As in the case of FIG. 9, this leak occurrence is shown as a leak resistance RL. Similarly to the case of FIG. 9, in the measurement of the cell voltages V1 to V4 of each cell, the cell voltage with the leak detection switch 109 turned off or on is measured, but the case where the leak detection switch 109 is off is measured. The cell voltage is set to V1 _{off to} V4 _off, and the cell voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is on is set to V1 _{on to} V4 _on . The actual voltages of the cells 1 to 4 are Vc1 to Vc4.
When there is no leak in the capacitor 103 of the cell 2, that is, when the battery system is normal, V1 _{off to} V4 _off are equal to V1 _{on to} V4 _on , respectively, as in the case of FIG. 9 described above. The actual voltages Vc1 to Vc4 of the cell are detected.

When a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between the voltage detection lines SL2 and SL3 in the circuit configured as shown in FIG. 11, the detection voltage _Voff of the cell 2 when the leak detection switch 109 is off decreases. In the cells above and below cell 2 (cell 1 and cell 3), V _off increases.

The reason for this will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 12 shows only the cells 1 to 3 in FIG. 11 extracted and simplified. Further, the leak detection switch is omitted (that is, only V1 _{off to} V3 _off are measured), and for ease of viewing, the balancing switch (BSW) 108 is similar to FIGS. 6 and 8. It is shown in a state pulled out from the cell controller IC 100.

The potential at the CV terminal to which the voltage detection line SL2 is connected is lowered by the cell voltage input resistance Rcv provided on the voltage detection line SL2, and the potential at the CV terminal to which the voltage output line SL3 is connected is The cell voltage input resistance Rcv provided on the detection line SL3 increases.
In other words, the detection voltage of the cell on the upper side of the voltage detection line provided with the cell voltage input resistor Rcv that causes a voltage drop at the CV terminal due to the leak current rises, and the cell voltage that causes the voltage rise at the CV terminal due to the leak current Both the detection voltage of the cells on the lower side of the voltage detection line provided with the input resistance Rcv rise.

As a result, the detection result of the cell voltage in the circuit having the configuration shown in FIG. 11 is as follows.
1) When the cell voltage of cell 1 is measured:
V1 _off = Vc1 + Vc2 × Rcv / (2 × Rcv + RL). . . (9)
V1 _on = Vc1. . . (10)
That is, V1 _off > V1 _on .
2) When the cell voltage of cell 2 is measured:
V2 _off = Vc2 × RL / (2 × Rcv + RL). . . (11)
V2 _on = Vc2. . . (12)
That is, V2 _off <V2 _on .
3) When the cell voltage of cell 3 is measured:
V3 _off = Vc3 + Vc2 × Rcv / (2 × Rcv + RL). . . (13)
V3 _on = Vc3. . . (14)
That is, V3 _off > V3 _on .
4) When the cell voltage of cell 4 is measured:
V4 _off = V4 _on = Vc4. . . (15)
It becomes.

If the voltage drop or voltage rise due to leakage is not so large and V1 _off , V2 _off , and V3 _off are in the normal voltage range, it is not possible to determine whether the detected voltage is normalized only by these. However, when the voltage difference as described above is detected as compared with V1 _on , V2 _on , and V3 _on , it can be determined that the capacitor 103 of the cell 2 has a leak. This determination can be made by any of the following methods.
a) The detection voltage V _off when the leak detection switch is turned _off or the detection voltage V _on of the cell when the leak detection switch is turned on in an upper cell of two consecutively connected cells Even if it is a normal voltage, if V _on > V _off and V _on <V _off in a cell below this cell, there is a leak in the capacitor of the RC filter for voltage detection in the cell below. It is judged.
b) The detection voltage V _off when the leak detection switch is turned _off or the detection voltage V _on of the cell when the leak detection switch is turned on in an upper cell of two consecutively connected cells Even if it is a normal voltage, if V _on <V _off and V _on > V _off in a lower cell of this cell, a leak occurs in the capacitor of the RC filter for voltage detection of the upper cell. It is judged.
c) Detection voltage V _off when the leak detection switch is turned _off or detection of the cell when the leak detection switch is turned on in the highest and lowest cells of three consecutively connected cells Even if the voltage V _on is a normal voltage, V _on > V _off , and if V _on <V _off in the center cell, the capacitor of the RC filter for voltage detection in the center cell leaks. It is determined that it has occurred.

Note that the difference between V _off and V _on is detected when there is a detected voltage difference when these voltage differences are greater than or equal to a predetermined magnitude.
This predetermined size is the measurement resolution of the voltage measurement circuit, the magnitude of the noise superimposed on the measurement voltage, the filter constant of the RC filter that removes this noise, and the case where the voltage measurement circuit also performs noise removal. Is determined by this filter constant, etc., but details are omitted.

  As described above, by using the battery system monitoring device according to the present invention, by measuring and comparing the cell voltage when the leak detection switch 109 is turned off or on in two or three consecutive cells, Not only can the leakage of the capacitor 103 be detected, but also which capacitor 103 is leaking can be determined.

Even when the capacitor 103 of the RC filter is connected as shown in FIG. 4, leak detection and leak location can be performed in the same manner as described above, but description thereof is omitted. Further, even in the case of a circuit in which one of the connection destinations of the capacitor 103 in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 is a ground line (GL) and connected to a power supply line (VL), leak detection and Although the leak location can be specified, the description is omitted.
The leak detection and the leak location described above are performed by the battery controller based on the measurement result of the cell voltage when the leak detection switch is turned on / off, which is measured by the cell controller IC100.

Further, the actual voltage can be calculated by correcting the detected voltage even when the vehicle is in operation, using the detected voltage difference when the leak detection switch 109 is turned on / off as described above.
As will be described later, if the voltage between the terminals of the single battery cell 110 is not accurately measured, charging / discharging of the battery system and balancing discharge of each single battery cell are not performed normally, and the remaining capacity of a plurality of single battery cells ( In addition to not eliminating the variation in the SOC), there is a possibility that overcharge or overdischarge of the single battery cell may occur. Therefore, as described above, not only the battery system cannot be charged and discharged efficiently, but in the case of overcharging, there is a possibility of generating heat of the single battery cell.

  In the following, a method for avoiding overcharging will be described in particular. As one of the methods, first, a method for correcting the voltage (cell voltage) between terminals of a single battery cell during operation of the vehicle using the leak detection switch described above. Will be explained. The cell voltage is appropriately measured even during operation of the vehicle, and is used not only for calculating the balancing current and calculating the SOC by integrating the balancing current, but also whether the power storage device including the battery system and the battery monitoring device is operating normally. The voltage must be as accurate as possible.

The calculation of the actual voltage using the detection voltage difference when the leak detection switch 109 is turned on / off utilizes the fact that the leak gradually proceeds. When the vehicle equipped with the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention is started, the vehicle is in operation thereafter using the detected voltage difference measured in a state where a load such as the inverter 340 is not connected to the battery system 130. The voltage between the terminals of the single battery cell (cell voltage) measured in (1) is corrected to obtain the actual cell voltage (actual voltage). Since the leak detection switch is turned off during operation of the vehicle, it is useful to calculate the actual voltage of the cell by such correction.
Again, the actual voltage can be calculated when a capacitor is connected between the voltage detection line and the ground line and when a capacitor is connected between two adjacent voltage detection lines. .
Since the correction of the cell voltage is only when the leak gradually progresses, if it is determined that the leak has occurred by the leak detection, an alarm or the like is generated to When notifying the driver, overcharge countermeasures due to leakage described later, or when the leakage is large, the positive contactor 310 and the negative contactor 320 (see FIG. 1) are turned off and the battery system and the inverter are connected. Perform protective actions such as blocking. However, these descriptions are omitted here.

<Calculation method of actual voltage using detected voltage difference in the case of FIG. 9 in which a capacitor is connected between the voltage detection line and the ground line>
This method is based on the above equations (3) to (8). For example, in a cell in which the difference between the detected voltage of the cell and the actual voltage is caused by the leakage current of the capacitor 103 in which the leakage occurs while the vehicle is operating. The actual voltage is calculated. Here, as described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 9, the description will be made assuming that a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between the voltage detection line SL <b> 2 and the ground line (GL). In this case, the cells in which the difference between the detection voltage and the actual voltage is caused by the leakage of the capacitor 103 are the cell 1 and the cell 2. In other cells, the detection voltage and the actual voltage are equal regardless of whether the leak detection switch is off or on.
Accordingly, a method for calculating the actual voltages of the cell 1 and the cell 2 will be described below. First, the actual voltage of the cell 2 (leak generating cell) corresponding to the capacitor 103 in which leakage occurs is calculated, and the actual voltage of the cell 1 is calculated using this result.

(0) is added to the right shoulder of the cell voltages V2 _off , V2 _on , Vc2, Vc3, and Vc4 measured when the battery system and the inverter are not connected at the start of the vehicle in the equations (5) and (6). It expresses.
V2 _off ⁽⁰⁾ = Vc2 ⁽⁰⁾ −
(Vc2 ⁽⁰⁾ + Vc3 ⁽⁰⁾ + Vc4 ⁽⁰⁾ ) × Rcv / (Rcv + RL). . . (16)
V2 _on ⁽⁰⁾ = Vc2 ⁽⁰⁾ . . . (17)
V3 _off ⁽⁰⁾ = V3 _on ⁽⁰⁾ = Vc3 ⁽⁰⁾ . . . (18)
V4 _off ⁽⁰⁾ = V4 _on ⁽⁰⁾ = Vc4 ⁽⁰⁾ . . . (19)
As described above, since the leak does not proceed abruptly, the leak resistance RL is constant here.

Since each cell voltage in the equations (16) to (19) is a measured value, Rcv / (Rcv + RL) can be calculated from the equations (16) and (17). For simplicity, it is expressed as R _F = Rcv / (Rcv + RL).
R _F = (V2 _on ⁽⁰⁾ −V2 _off ⁽⁰⁾ )
/ (V2 _on ⁽⁰⁾ + V3 _on ⁽⁰⁾ + V4 _on ⁽⁰⁾ ). . . (20)
R _F = Rcv / (Rcv + RL). . . (21)

Note that the leak resistance RL can be calculated using the equations (20) and (21). Further, the leakage current IL can be obtained from the equation (16) as follows.
IL = (Vc2 ⁽⁰⁾ + Vc3 ⁽⁰⁾ + Vc4 ⁽⁰⁾ ) / (Rcv + RL)
= (V2 _on ⁽⁰⁾ -V2 _off ⁽⁰⁾ ) / Rcv. . . (22)

(Calculation of actual voltage of cell 2 while the vehicle is operating)
In a vehicle operating state in which a load such as an inverter is connected to the battery system, the leak detection switch 109 is turned off, so that only the voltage measurement corresponding to Equation (5) is performed. The cell voltages V2 _off , Vc2, Vc3, and Vc4 calculated when the vehicle is in operation are represented by adding (t) to the right shoulder.
V2 _off ^(t) = Vc2 ^(t) −
(Vc2 ^(t) + Vc3 ^(t) + Vc4 ^(t) ) × R _F. . . (23)

As can be seen from the above description, when no leak occurs in the capacitor 103, the actual voltage of the cell is equal to the detected voltage regardless of whether the leak detection switch 109 is off or on, so that Vc3 ^(t) , Vc4 ^(t), respectively ^V3 (t), denoted as ^{V4 (t),} furthermore, since the voltage detection is performed at all leak detection switch off and will not index off.
V2 ^(t) = Vc2 ^(t) −
(Vc2 ^(t) + V3 ^(t) + V4 ^(t) ) × R _F. . . (24)
In other words, V2 ^(t) , V3 ^(t) , and V4 ^(t) in Equation (24) are actually measured values measured when the leak detection switch 109 is off, and Vc2 ^(t) is V2 ^(t) . This is the actual voltage of the corresponding cell 2. From this equation (24), the actual voltage Vc2 ^(t) of the cell 2 is obtained by the following equation (25).
Vc2 ^(t) = (V2 ^(t) + (V3 ^(t) + V4 ^(t) ) × R _F ) / (1-R _F )
. . . (25)

(Calculation of actual voltage of cell 1 while the vehicle is operating)
The relationship between the detection voltage V1 ^{(t) of the} cell 1 and the actual voltage Vc1 ^(t) is expressed by the equation (26) in the same manner as described above from the equations (3) and (4).
V1 ^(t) = Vc1 ^(t) + (Vc2 ^(t) + V3 ^(t) + V4 ^(t) ) × R _F
. . . (26)
The actual voltage Vc1 ^(t) can be calculated by Expression (27) obtained by modifying this.
Vc1 ^(t) = V1 ^(t) − (Vc2 ^(t) + V3 ^(t) + V4 ^(t) ) × R _F
. . . (27)
In Expression (27), V1 ^(t) , V3 ^(t) , and V4 ^(t) are measured values (cell voltage detection values), and Vc2 ^(t) is a value obtained from Expression (25) above. Thus, the actual voltage Vc1 ^(t) of the cell 1 is obtained.

<Calculation method of actual voltage using detection voltage difference when capacitor is connected between two adjacent voltage detection lines>
This method also calculates the actual voltages of the cells 1 to 3 during operation of the vehicle, as in the case of FIG. 11 in which a capacitor is connected between the voltage detection line and the ground line. Here, as described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, the description will be made assuming that a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between the voltage detection lines SL2 and SL3. In this case, the detection voltage is different from the actual voltage in the cells 1 to 3 using the two voltage detection lines SL2 and SL3 as voltage detection lines, and the detection voltages of the other cells are leak detection switches. It becomes equal to the actual voltage regardless of whether it is off or on.
First, the actual voltage of the cell 2 (leak generating cell) corresponding to the capacitor 103 in which leakage occurs is calculated, and the actual voltage of the cell 1 is calculated using this result.

In the expressions (11) and (12), (0) is added to the right shoulder of the cell voltages V2 _off , V2 _on and Vc2 measured when the battery system and the inverter are not connected when the vehicle is started.
V2 _off ⁽⁰⁾ = Vc2 ⁽⁰⁾ × RL / (2 × Rcv + RL). . . (28)
V2 _on ⁽⁰⁾ = Vc2 ⁽⁰⁾ . . . (29)
Here, if R _F = Rcv / RL (different from the above equation (21)), the equation (28) is
V2 _off ⁽⁰⁾ = V2 _on ⁽⁰⁾ / (2 × R _F +1). . . (30)
R _F = Rcv / RL. . . (31)
From equation (30),
R _F = (V2 _on ⁽⁰⁾ −V2 _off ⁽⁰⁾ ) / V2 _off ⁽⁰⁾ . . . (32)
R _F is obtained as follows.

Note that the leakage resistance RL can be calculated using the equations (30) and (31). Further, the leakage current IL can be obtained from the equation (28) as follows.
IL = Vc2 ⁽⁰⁾ / (2 × Rcv + RL)
= V2 _off / RL. . . (33)

(Calculation of actual voltage of cell 2 while the vehicle is operating)
In a vehicle operating state in which a load such as an inverter is connected to the battery system, the leak detection switch 109 is turned off, so that only voltage measurement corresponding to the equation (11) is performed. When cell voltages V2 _off and Vc2 when the vehicle is in operation are represented by adding (t) to the right shoulder and substituting R _F in equation (31),
V2 _off ^(t) = Vc2 ^(t) / (2 × R _F +1). . . (34) Therefore,
Further, since all voltage detection is performed with the leak detection switch off, the suffix off is omitted,
V2 ^(t) = Vc2 ^(t) / (2 × R _F +1). . . (35)
Therefore, the actual voltage Vc2 ^(t) of the cell 2 is Vc2 ^(t) = V2 ^(t) × (2 × R _F +1). . . (36)
As required.

(Calculation of actual voltage of cell 1 while the vehicle is operating)
Relation of the detection voltage of the cell 1 ^{V1 (t)} and the actual voltage ^{Vc1 (t)} of the formula (9), similarly to the above (10), with _{R F} of formula (31), the following equation (37 ).
V1 ^(t) = Vc1 ^(t) + Vc2 ^(t) × R _F / (2 × R _F +1). . . (37)
The actual voltage Vc1 ^(t) of the cell 1 can be calculated by Equation (38) obtained by modifying this.
Vc1 ^(t) = V1 ^(t) −Vc2 ^(t) × R _F / (2 × R _F +1). . . (38)
Note that Vc2 ^(t) is calculated by the equation (36).

(Calculation of actual voltage of cell 3 while the vehicle is operating)
Since the equations (9) and (10) and the equations (13) and (14) are substantially equivalent, the actual voltage Vc1 ^{(t) of} the cell 3 is also calculated by the equation (39) equivalent to the equation (38). it can.
Vc3 ^(t) = V3 ^(t) −Vc2 ^(t) × R _F / (2 × R _F +1). . . (39)
As in the case of cell 1, Vc2 ^(t) is calculated by equation (36).

Note that even when the capacitor 103 of the RC filter is connected as shown in FIG. 4, the deviation of the detected voltage from the actual voltage due to leakage can be corrected in the same manner as described above, but the description thereof is omitted. Further, even in the case of a circuit in which one of the connection destinations of the capacitor 103 in FIG. 3 and FIG. The deviation of the detected voltage from the voltage can be corrected, but the description is omitted.
Further, the battery controller 200 performs an operation of calculating the actual voltage by correcting the detected voltage during operation of the vehicle by using the detection voltage difference between when the leak detection switch 109 is turned on and off as described above.

<Other examples of balancing resistors>
In an actual circuit, when the balancing resistor 102 is arranged on the positive potential side of the balancing switch 108 as shown in FIG. 13, or when the balancing resistor 102 of the balancing switch 108 is shown as shown in FIG. There may be a case where the positive potential side and the negative potential side are divided and arranged.
Normally, the balancing resistor 102 has a resistance value of the order of several tens of ohms in order to pass a current of the order of several to several tens of mA at the maximum. Further, in order to sufficiently attenuate the inverter noise on the order of 10 kHz, the cut-off frequency of the RC filter for cell voltage input is set to 100 Hz or less. When the capacitance of the RC filter capacitor is increased, the cost increases and the area also increases. Therefore, the resistance value of the RC filter is generally set to a value on the order of kΩ. Therefore, the balancing resistance 102 is sufficiently smaller than the resistance (Rcv) 101 of the RC filter. Therefore, the difference between the measured cell voltage value measured with the leak detection switch 109 turned off and the measured cell voltage value measured with the leak detection switch 109 turned on may be regarded as a voltage detection error caused by the leakage current.
Therefore, even in the case of the circuit as shown in FIG. 13 or FIG. 14, it is determined from the cell voltage value measured with the leak detection switch 109 on and off whether or not a leak current at a level causing a voltage detection error flows. I can do things.

<Cell overcharge due to leakage and balancing discharge control to avoid this overcharge>
As described above, the capacitor deterioration of the RC filter provided at the cell voltage input terminal of the cell controller IC 100, the diode deterioration provided in the cell controller IC 100 for ESD countermeasures, or the vicinity of the voltage detection terminal of the cell controller IC 100 When leakage due to various causes such as insulation failure occurs, a voltage value deviating from the actual voltage is detected as a cell voltage by a voltage measurement circuit (not shown) of the cell controller IC 100. That is, erroneous detection of the cell voltage occurs.
In the above, the battery system monitoring apparatus having the RC filter circuit shown in FIG. 3 or 2 is further detected as in the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention having the structure shown in FIGS. A battery system monitoring apparatus has been described in which the switch 109 is provided in the cell controller IC 100 to detect that this cell voltage is erroneously detected, that is, that a leak has occurred. In addition, the correction method of the erroneously detected cell voltage during operation of the vehicle has been described using the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention capable of detecting this leak.

-Other embodiments-
When the leak occurs, not only the erroneous detection of the cell voltage but also the single battery cell may be overcharged unless the erroneously detected cell voltage is corrected as described above. In particular, for example, as the leak progresses, the rate of decrease in the leak resistance may increase and may also decrease depending on the environmental temperature. In such a case, there is a possibility that the leakage resistance during operation of the vehicle is reduced due to the leakage resistance at the start of the vehicle.
In this case, there is a possibility that the correction amount of the cell voltage using the detection voltage difference when the leak detection switch 109 is turned off / on at the start of the vehicle is insufficient. If the correction amount of the cell voltage is insufficient, the detected cell voltage becomes higher than the actual voltage, so that the balancing discharge amount based on the detected cell voltage is insufficient. Since the shortage of the balancing discharge current is not detected, there is a possibility of overcharging if the battery system is charged and discharged.

In order to avoid this overcharge, there is a method of controlling the effective resistance value of the balancing resistor in the balancing discharge of the single battery cell. By switching the control of the effective resistance value of the balancing resistor using the leak detection function of the battery monitoring device according to the present invention, a battery monitoring device that efficiently avoids overcharging of the single battery cell can be obtained.
In the following, the battery monitoring apparatus according to the present invention will be described by taking the battery monitoring apparatus according to the present invention provided with a configuration (FIG. 11) provided with a leak detection switch in addition to the battery monitoring apparatus having the circuit configuration shown in FIG. The balancing discharge control used will be described.
As can be seen from the above description, this method is an effective method for avoiding overcharge when it is applied when the above-described cell voltage correction is not performed or when the cell voltage correction is considered to be insufficient. The following description is based on the assumption that the above-described cell voltage correction is not performed.

(Incorrect detection of cell voltage due to leakage)
FIG. 12 shows a part of the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 2 in an easy-to-understand manner. The balancing switch (BSW) is drawn from the cell controller IC 100 for easy viewing.
FIG. 15 shows the relationship between the resistance value of the leak resistance (RL) and the detected cell voltage when, for example, Vc1 = Vc2 = Vc3 = 3.6 V and Rcv = 30 kΩ for simplicity. As shown in FIG. 15, the smaller the leak resistance, the lower the detection voltage of the cell (cell 2) where the leak occurred. Conversely, in the cells above and below the leaked cell (cell 1, cell 3), the cell detection voltage is high. In this example, when the resistance value of the leak resistance (RL) 131 is reduced to 100 kΩ, the actual voltage of 3.6 V is 2.25 V, and the detected value of the voltage between the terminals of the leaked cell is 2.25 V. The detected value of the inter-terminal voltage in the upper and lower cells (cells 2 and 3) of (cell 2) is detected as a voltage exceeding 4.2V.

  As can be seen from the following description, insulation defects such as a capacitor of the RC filter, an ESD countermeasure diode in the cell controller IC 100, and a wiring pattern near the CV terminal of the cell controller IC 100 usually progress gradually. If this leak suddenly increases at some point due to some noise, the detected value of the cell voltage exceeds 4.2V and exceeds the overcharge protection voltage of 4.35V, and an abnormality is detected as overcharge. There is a possibility.

Note that the overcharge protection voltage is a voltage that prevents further charging. In addition, as described with reference to FIG. 5, the lithium ion battery generates heat at a certain voltage or higher, and when the voltage further rises, the electrode and electrolyte deteriorate (chemical change), and the battery deteriorates irreversibly. The voltage drops. Thereafter, when the charging is further continued, as described in FIG. 5, the electrolytic solution is decomposed to generate gas, and the gas discharge valve is activated.
Therefore, this overcharge protection voltage is set to a voltage with a margin so that the problem of heat generation does not occur. Since this voltage varies depending on the composition and structure of the lithium battery, the above 4.35 V is merely an example of a certain lithium ion battery. Similarly, there is an overdischarge protection voltage, but the description is omitted here.

16, contrary to FIG. 15, when the voltage between the terminals detected in each single battery cell is V1 = V2 = V3 = 3.6 V, the actual voltage of each cell and the leakage resistance (RL) 131 This shows the relationship between the resistance values. Again, Rcv = 30 kΩ.
When the resistance value of the leak resistance (RL) 131 is 300 kΩ, the actual voltage of the leaking cell is 4.35 V even if 3.6 V is detected by measuring the voltage between the terminals. Further, when the leak resistance RL is lowered to 100 kΩ, the actual voltage of the leak generating cell may reach about 5.8V.
However, by using the assembled battery monitoring device according to the present invention in which the balancing resistor 102 and the cell voltage input resistor 101 are set to appropriate values, it is possible to prevent the actual voltage of the cell from exceeding the overcharge protection voltage. it can. Hereinafter, setting of the resistance values of the balancing resistor 102 and the cell voltage input resistor 101 will be described.

(Calculated value of balancing current and actual current value when leak occurs)
The balancing discharge when a leak occurs will be described with reference to FIGS.
In FIG. 15, for example, a leak occurs between two cell voltage input terminals 105 to which the voltage detection lines SL2 and SL3 of the cell 2 in FIG. The case where it is detected is shown. However, here, the cells 1 to 3 are all assumed to have the same actual voltage (= 3.6 V). In addition, the calculation is performed with Rcv = 30 kΩ.
As described in Expressions (2) and (3), the actual voltage is 3.6 V in cell 1 and cell 3, but the detected voltage increases as the resistance value of leak resistance (RL) 131 decreases. . On the contrary, the detection voltage of the cell 2 becomes low, but the magnitude of the decrease in the detection voltage in the cell 2 is larger than the magnitude of the increase in the detection voltage in the cells 1 and 3. If the detected voltage is too low, it is determined that the battery is in an overdischarged state, a warning is issued, and countermeasures such as stopping the use of the battery system are taken. However, in the case of overdischarge, problems such as heat generation and an increase in pressure inside the cell do not occur as in the case of overcharge. Here, the operation of overcharging and the operation of the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention for preventing this will be described.

Consider the case where the leak resistance RL is 300 kΩ in FIG. In the cells 1 and 3 above and below the leaked cell 2, 3.9 V, which is higher than the actual voltage 3.6 V, is detected as the cell terminal voltage (cell voltage). When the cell voltage varies in this way in a plurality of unit cells of the battery system, an operation for lowering the detected voltage, that is, balancing discharge is performed in the unit cell having a high cell voltage. This balancing discharge is performed with the balancing switch (BSW) 108 turned on as shown in FIG. As a result, a balancing discharge current (IB) 133 flows.
The balancing discharge time is calculated based on the detected cell voltage, the balancing current calculated by the balancing resistance, and the SOC of this cell. There are various calculation methods, but the description is omitted here. However, it is necessary to accurately obtain the voltage between the terminals as in the method of integrating the balancing currents described briefly above.
Since the balancing discharge is performed based on the detected voltage, not the actual voltage of the cell, the calculated balancing current is about 8.3% (3.9V / 3.6V = 1.083) Increased. When discharging in this state, the planned amount of current is not discharged, so the voltage of this cell after the end of discharge does not drop to the originally planned voltage, and the voltage detected after the end of discharge is in a state where balancing has not been achieved. Somewhat higher voltage. When this higher voltage is detected, balancing discharge is performed again, and balancing discharge is finally performed to eliminate the detected voltage variation.

FIG. 17 schematically shows the state of this balancing discharge. The straight line A shows that the magnitude ΔV of the discharge target due to the variation in the voltage between the terminals of the cells is the same between the actual voltage and the detected voltage, and the straight line B is that the actual voltage is This indicates that the voltage does not drop to the planned voltage.
Even if the first balancing discharge is performed with the initially detected cell voltage, the actual voltage ΔV decreases only from the straight line A (ΔV1) to the straight line B (ΔV2). The voltage (ΔV2) that has not reached the balancing discharge is detected at the next cell terminal voltage measurement, and further balanced discharge (second balancing discharge) is performed. In this way, balancing discharge based on the detected voltage is performed, and eventually the actual voltage is lowered by the cell voltage variation ΔV based on the detected voltage.

  Thus, the balancing discharge eliminates the variation in the voltage between the terminals of the plurality of cells, but the voltage between the terminals is not based on the actual voltage but based on the detected voltage. The voltage of all the cells is once adjusted to a low voltage by the balancing discharge and further charged, or the balancing discharge and the charging may be alternately performed. Assuming that the detection voltages of all the cells are set to 3.6 V after charging, the actual voltage of the cells becomes a value corresponding to the leakage resistance based on the graph shown in FIG. For example, with a leak resistance of 300 kΩ, cells 1 and 3 have a voltage of 3.25 V and cell 2 has a voltage of 4.35 V.

As described above, the balancing resistor (Rb) 102 is several tens of Ω to several hundreds Ω, but the average current is appropriately reduced by ON / OFF switching control (duty control) of the balancing switch (BSW) 108. it can. That is, by the duty control of the BSW 108, the balancing resistance Rb _ef whose resistance value is effectively variable can be obtained. Also in the following description, the balancing resistor is assumed to be an effective balancing resistor Rb _ef including duty control.

(Overcharge of leaking cells due to balancing discharge)
FIG. 18 shows how much the actual voltage of the inter-terminal voltage of the cell in which the leak occurs may increase due to the relationship between the leak current and the balancing current. However, here, the inter-terminal voltage of all cells is assumed to be an actual voltage of 4.1 V, that is, a voltage corresponding to a normal SOC of 100%. The cell voltage input resistance (Rcv) 101 is 100 kΩ.
In accordance with the description in FIG. 12, the leakage current (IL) 132 is calculated by the following equation (40).
IL = Vc2 / (2 × Rcv + RL). . . (40)
This is equivalent to the above equation (33), and the subscripts (0) and off of the equation (33) are omitted.
However, in order to calculate the leak current, the horizontal axis in FIG. 18 is not a pure leak resistance RL, but a leak discharge resistance 2 × Rcv + RL. Therefore, when the horizontal axis is 200 kΩ, RL = 0Ω, which is the maximum. Leakage current.

Assuming that the effective balancing resistance Rb _ef is about 512 kΩ, as described above, the balancing current IB may be considered as an actual voltage, so that IB = 4.1 V / 512 kΩ = 0.008 mA.
The leak current IL increases as the leak resistance RL decreases, and crosses the balancing current when the leak discharge resistance 2 × Rcv + RL is 512 kΩ. The leak resistance (RL) 131 is about 312 kΩ at this intersection.

  In FIG. 18, the balancing current is larger than the leakage current where the leakage discharge resistance is larger than 512 kΩ. In the battery system, not only balancing discharge but also charging of all cells is performed as appropriate. In such a state, balancing discharge is not performed in a single battery cell in which leakage occurs, so that the battery is charged by the amount of this balancing discharge, and the actual cell voltage increases. The actual voltage of the leaking cell is shown as the “actual cell voltage” curve in FIG.

In other words, if the effective balancing resistance Rb _ef and the leak discharge resistance coincide with each other, the balancing current and the leak current coincide with each other. Therefore, the detection voltage of the entire cell voltage is set to SOC = 100 by the balancing discharge and charging after the occurrence of the leak. %, The voltage V (F, D) (F is full charge and D is the detection voltage) corresponding to the voltage of the voltage of the actual voltage V (F, R) ( (F means full charge and R means actual voltage) may rise to a voltage represented by the following equation (41).
V (F, R) = V (F, D) × (Rb _ef + Rcv) / Rb _ef . . . (41)
Here, Rb _ef = 2 × Rcv + RL.
The actual voltage of the leak generating cell shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 is expressed by this equation (39).

Leakage usually starts with a slight leak and gradually increases. That is, although the leak resistance is large at the beginning of the leak, the leak resistance gradually decreases and the leak current increases.
In FIG. 18, the leakage resistance starts from a large value on the right side of the figure and proceeds to the left side, but the actual voltage of the leaking cell increases until the leakage discharge resistance reaches 512 kΩ. When the current is 512 kΩ or less, the leakage current is larger than the balancing current, so the actual voltage of the cell in which the leakage occurs decreases.
Therefore, when the highest actual voltage is likely to occur, the leakage resistance is 312 kΩ (leakage discharge resistance is 512 kΩ). In this case, the voltage can rise to the voltage reachable limit shown on the upper side of FIG. There is sex.

FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the control for reducing the actual voltage of the leaking cell to 4.30 V or less, which is approximately the above-described overcharge protection voltage. In FIG. 11, as in the case of FIG. 18, it is assumed that the actual voltages of all the cells are initially 4.1V.
As can be seen from the above description, in order to set the maximum voltage of the actual voltage of the cell in which leakage has occurred to 4.30 V, the leakage discharge resistance is 4000 kΩ with which the maximum voltage is 4.30 V and balancing with the straight line of the leakage current IL. What is necessary is just to make the straight line of an electric current cross.
It is only necessary to control the duty of the balancing switch so that the effective resistance value R _{ef of the} balancing switch 108 becomes the leakage discharge resistance 4000 kΩ.

The balancing discharge at the time of occurrence of the leak described above is summarized as follows in order to make it easier to understand.
V (F, D) of the formula (41), since the single-battery cells is the voltage when the SOC = 100%, further and _{V F} of this. Further, V (F, R) is the maximum voltage shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 for preventing the voltage from becoming higher than this, and this is V _max . That is, the expression (41) is expressed by the equivalent expression (42).
V _max = V _F × (Rb _ef + Rcv) / Rb _ef . . . (42)
However, here, V _max = V (F, R), V _F = V (F, D), and Rb _ef = effective balancing resistance.

When Expression (42) is transformed, the relationship between Rb _ef and Rcv becomes clear.
_{Rb ef = Rcv × V F /} (V max -V F). . . (43)
V _max the above overcharge protection voltage, _{V F} is SOC 100% of the cell voltage, _{Rb ef} is the effective balancing voltage or _Rb ef = Rb × duty ratio.

In general, an RC filter composed of a cell voltage input resistor (Rcv) 101 and a capacitor 103 in order to remove noise superimposed on the terminal voltage of each unit cell input to the cell voltage input terminal (CV terminal) 105. The constants are set first.
If the effective balancing resistance corresponding to the resistance value of Rcv is set to be equal to or greater than the value obtained from the Rb _ef equation (43), the actual voltage in the leaked cell can be set to the overcharge protection voltage V _max or less.

(Switching the effective balancing resistance when a leak occurs)
In general, the balancing resistor is set to have as large a balancing current as possible so that variations in voltage between terminals of a plurality of single cells constituting the battery system can be quickly aligned. At the same time, the temperature rise of the cell controller C100 due to the balancing resistance due to the balancing current and the heat generated by the balancing switch is set to be equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature. Furthermore, it is also possible to change the effective balancing resistance Rb _ef by changing the ON / OFF duty ratio of the balancing switch in consideration of the environmental temperature.
Here, as described above, when a leak occurs somewhere on the input side of the voltage measurement circuit of the cell controller IC 100, the duty ratio of the cell in which a high inter-terminal voltage is detected is changed as described above. Thus, by setting the value of the effective balancing resistance set by the above equation (43), it is possible to avoid overcharging when a leak occurs.
In other words, by switching between the duty control of the balancing switch when there is no leak and the duty control of the balancing switch when there is a leak, it avoids overcharging of the unit cells and realizes safe and stable operation of the battery system. be able to.

In the above description, the operation of the battery pack monitoring apparatus according to the present invention has been described with respect to an example of one cell group 120 and the cell controller IC 100 that monitors the cell group 120. Further, the balancing discharge operation in the assembled battery monitoring device has been described on the assumption that a leak has occurred in the center cell of the three unit cells.
When a leak occurs at the highest level (high potential side) or the lowest level (low potential side) of the plurality of unit cells 110 in the cell group 120, the lower cell next to the highest level cell or the lowest level cell It is clear from the description of Expression (2) or (3) that the same method as described above can be applied to the upper cell adjacent to the cell.

(Balanced discharge in the modified examples 1 and 2 of the RC filter circuit)
In the above description of the balancing discharge, it is assumed that the capacitor of the RC filter is connected between the voltage detection terminals (CV terminals) of the cell controller IC 100 as shown in FIG. When connected to the ground (GND) of the controller IC 100 (RC filter circuit modification 1, FIG. 3), or when connected to the voltage detection line of the intermediate potential of the cell group (RC filter circuit modification 2, FIG. 4) Or it may be connected to another location. Even in such a case, a leak current flows through the capacitor, so that a voltage drop occurs in R (Rcv) of the RC filter, and a drop in the cell voltage detection value occurs.

  That is, the detection voltage of the cell using the voltage detection line through which the leak discharge current flows as the voltage detection line of the cell voltage is affected by the leak and rises. Since the cell with the lowered detection voltage is overcharged by the balancing current, the overcharge voltage reaches the sum of the error that occurs when the same leakage current as the balancing current value flows and the upper limit voltage of the battery. Become.

Also in these modified examples of the RC filter circuit, the relationship between the cell voltage input resistance Rcv and the effective balancing current Rb _{ef under} the condition that the leakage discharge current and the balancing discharge current are the same as described above is similarly obtained. be able to.
In order to simplify the explanation, it is assumed that the actual voltages of all the unit cells when the occurrence of leakage is detected are the same, and the detected voltages of all the unit cells after charging and discharging are the same. This is a condition equivalent to that described in the RC filter circuit of FIG.
In FIG. 2, the applied voltage of the capacitor of the RC filter circuit is equivalent to one unit cell, but in the case of FIGS. 3 and 4, two capacitors to which the capacitor is connected are compared to the case of FIG. The applied voltage increases by the number of batteries between the voltage detection lines.
Accordingly, the leakage discharge current also increases by the number of batteries. In order to allow the same balancing discharge current to flow, the effective balancing resistance may be set to a value that is smaller by the number of batteries as compared with the case of the description of the RC filter circuit of FIG.

For example, in the RC filter circuit of FIG. 3, when a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between the voltage detection line SL2 and the ground line (GL) (see FIG. 9), the voltage detection line SL2 is caused by the leakage discharge current. The potential of the CV terminal to which is connected decreases, and the detection voltage of the cell (cell 1) on the upper side of the voltage detection line SL2 increases.
The magnitude of the increase in the detection voltage is three times that in the case of FIG. 2 because there are three unit cells between the voltage detection lines SL2 and SL5. Correspondingly, the leakage discharge current is tripled, and the effective balancing resistance for balancing with this is １ ／.

Further, as described above, since the leak resistance can be calculated from the difference between the detection voltages of the cell voltages when the leak detection switch is turned on / off, Rb _ef is variably adjusted from Equation (41) in consideration of this. Is also possible.
Since the progress of leakage is usually slow, charge / discharge control can be performed efficiently and safely by adjusting Rb _ef variably and performing balancing discharge.
Note that, in the duty control of the balancing switch in the balancing discharge described above, the effective balancing resistance is calculated by the battery controller 200, and a balancing switch control command that becomes this effective balancing resistance is transmitted from the battery controller 200 to the cell controller IC 100. Then, the cell controller IC 100 performs on / off duty control of the balancing switch.

However, if the leak progresses quickly, it is necessary to stop using the battery system and perform maintenance immediately. Therefore, when a leak occurs, it is necessary to generate an alarm and promptly notify the driver. Further, the resistance value of the leakage resistance is monitored as appropriate, and for example, when the increase in the leakage current becomes significant, this can be reported to the driver.
Further, when the occurrence of leak is detected in one capacitor 103, there is a possibility that other capacitors have started to deteriorate. Alternatively, there is a possibility that the deterioration of the insulation has begun in a portion other than the capacitor, for example, a wiring pattern near the cell voltage input terminal (CV terminal) 105 of the cell controller IC 100. From the viewpoint of safety, for example, even when there is a leak between the voltage detection line SL2 and the ground line (GL) as described above (see FIG. 6), the duty ratio of the balancing switch of the cell 1 is set to 1 / For example, the operation of the vehicle is continued as an effective balancing resistance in the case of one cell voltage calculated by the equation (43), but it is desirable to take measures such as maintenance as soon as possible.

Note that the other embodiment described above (duty ratio control in balancing discharge when a leak occurs) is particularly effective in a battery system monitoring apparatus having a configuration in which the cell voltage input resistance Rcv is set to a low value, for example, about 300Ω. This is a method of avoiding overcharge. If the cell voltage input resistance Rcv is made smaller, the cut-off frequency as the RC filter becomes higher. In such a configuration, a voltage measuring circuit (not shown) of the cell controller IC 100 has an AD converter circuit that is resistant to double integration noise. Used.
When the cell voltage input resistance is small, the leak resistance when the leak is detected by turning on / off the leak detection switch is also smaller than the above value. This is because the leak resistance that is greater than or equal to a predetermined magnitude at which the difference between the cell voltage detection values V _off and V _on when the leak detection switch is turned on / _off can be detected. Although detailed explanation is omitted, since the progress becomes faster when the leak resistance becomes small to some extent, it may be more effective to perform duty ratio control with such balancing discharge than to correct the measured cell voltage. is there.

  Furthermore, when a leak occurs, it is conceivable to operate the vehicle without using the battery system. In such a case, when a leak is detected, the battery controller 200 can turn off the positive electrode side contactor 310 and the negative electrode side contactor 320 and disconnect the connection between the inverter 340 and the battery system 130. Alternatively, it is possible to notify the driver of the occurrence of leakage and disconnect the connection between the inverter 340 and the battery system 130 according to the driver's instruction.

  In the above description, the case where the capacitor 103 of the RC filter circuit is connected as shown in FIGS. As described above, a balancing operation similar to the above is achieved even in a circuit configuration in which one end of the capacitor 103 is connected to the power supply line (VL) instead of the circuit configuration in which one end of the capacitor 103 is connected to the ground line (GL). It is obvious that this is possible, and this detailed description is omitted. However, even in this case, similarly to the above description, the detection voltage of the cell on the upper side of the voltage detection line provided with Rcv that causes a voltage increase at the CV terminal due to the leakage current decreases, and the leakage current causes the CV terminal to Thus, the detection voltage of the cell on the upper side of the voltage detection line provided with Rcv that causes a voltage drop at the point of time rises.

As shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 7, when one end of the capacitor 103 is connected to the ground line (GL), a leak occurred in the capacitor 103 of the RC filter of the cell 1 that is the highest potential cell. In this case, the voltage drop occurs only at the voltage between the terminals of the cell 1 and does not occur in other cells.
In such a case, it is confirmed that there is no difference in the detection voltage between the cells other than the cell 1 and that the leakage detection switch is off and on, and there is a leak in the capacitor 103 connected to the voltage detection line SL1. to decide.
The detection voltage correction method at this time can be similarly corrected by the correction method described in the above equations (20) and (21).
However, in the case of FIG. 3, the following equation (44) is obtained, and in the case of FIG. 7, the following equation (45) is obtained.
Vc1 ^(t) = (V1 ^(t) + (V1 ^(t) +... + V4 ^(t) ) × R _F )
/ (1-R _F ). . . (44)
Vc1 ^(t) = (V1 ^(t) + (V1 ^(t) +... + V12 ^(t) ) × R _F )
/ (1-R _F ). . . (45)
However, _RF is shown by Formula (21).

In contrast to the circuit shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 7, when one end of the capacitor 103 is connected to the power supply line (VL) (not shown), the cell having the lowest potential (cell 4 in FIG. 3 or FIG. When a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 of the RC filter of the cell 12) of No. 7, the voltage drop occurs only at the voltage between the terminals of the cell at the lowest potential, and does not occur in other cells.
In such a case, confirm that there is no difference between the detection voltage of the leak detection switch off and on in cells other than this lowest potential cell, and the voltage connected to the negative electrode side of this lowest potential cell. It is determined that a leak has occurred in the capacitor 103 connected to the detection line (SL5 in FIG. 3 or SL13 in FIG. 7).
The detection voltage correction method at this time can be similarly corrected by the correction method described in the above equation (25), and the correction equation is the same as the above equation (44) or (45).

  In the above description, it has been described that the leak occurs in the capacitor 103 of the RC filter. However, other causes, for example, insulation failure of the wiring board at the voltage input terminal (between the CV terminals), and ESD countermeasures in the cell controller IC 100 Leakage may occur due to poor insulation of the diode. However, since these cases can be understood in exactly the same way as the case of the leak in the above capacitor, their explanation is also omitted.

<Example of leak detection without using the leak detection switch>
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration for performing leak detection without using a leak detection switch in the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention. Hereinafter, a method of performing leak detection without using the leak detection switch 109 shown in FIG. 9 and the like will be described with reference to the circuit configuration of FIG. In addition, also in FIG. 20, the case of the cell group which consists of four single battery cells is shown as an example similarly to FIG. 9 etc.

  In the circuit configuration of FIG. 20, a leak detection switch 109 is provided between the cell voltage input terminal (CV terminal) 105 and the balancing terminal (BS terminal) as compared with the circuit configuration shown in FIG. The difference is that multiplexers 1201 and 1202, a selection switch 1203, a comparator 1204 and an AD converter 1205 are provided in the cell controller IC 100. Although not shown in FIG. 9 and the like, the multiplexer 1201, the comparator 1204, the AD converter 1205, and the like measure the cell voltage (inter-terminal voltage) of each unit cell 110 even in the circuit configuration of FIG. Therefore, it may be provided in the cell controller IC 100.

  In the cell controller IC 100, each cell voltage input terminal (CV terminal) 105 is connected to the multiplexer 1201. The multiplexer 1201 has two CV terminals connected to the voltage detection lines connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each single battery cell for the four single battery cells 110 (cell 1 to cell 4) constituting the cell group 120. 105 are sequentially selected, and the voltage of the CV terminal 105 is output to two (first input terminals) of the four input terminals provided in the selection switch 1203.

  In the cell controller IC 100, each balancing terminal (BS terminal) 106 is connected to the multiplexer 1202. The multiplexer 1202 is a balancing line provided between the voltage detection lines connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each single battery cell for the four single battery cells 110 (cell 1 to cell 4) constituting the cell group 120. Two BS terminals 106 connected to BL are sequentially selected, and the voltage of the BS terminal 106 is set to two (second input terminals) different from the above among the four input terminals provided in the selection switch 1203. Output each.

  The selection switch 1203 has two input terminals (first input terminals) connected to the multiplexer 1201 and two input terminals (second input terminals) connected to the multiplexer 1202. The selection switch 1203 sequentially selects a combination of these input terminals and outputs the voltages of the two selected input terminals to the comparator 1204.

  The comparator 1204 measures the voltage between the two input terminals selected by the selection switch 1203 and outputs a voltage corresponding to the measurement result to the AD converter 1205.

  The AD converter 1205 converts the measurement result of the cell voltage (terminal voltage) into a digital value by converting the output voltage from the comparator 1204 into a digital value. The measurement result of the cell voltage (voltage between terminals) converted into a digital value by the AD converter 1205 is temporarily stored in the cell controller IC 100 and used for leak detection and the like.

  The cell controller IC 100 performs the cell voltage (between terminals) for each of the four single battery cells 110 (cell 1 to cell 4) through two voltage measurement paths having different impedances. Voltage) can be measured. Specifically, the cell controller IC 100 selects the first input terminal connected to the multiplexer 1201 with the selection switch 1203, so that the voltage detection line on the positive side and the voltage detection line on the negative side of each unit cell are changed. Measure the cell voltage (inter-terminal voltage) of each unit cell via the voltage measurement path (first voltage measurement path) connected to the two CV terminals 105 via the cell voltage input resistors 101 provided respectively. To do. Further, by selecting the second input terminal connected to the multiplexer 1202 with the selection switch 1203, a balancing resistor provided between the positive voltage detection line and the negative voltage detection line of each unit cell. A cell voltage (inter-terminal voltage) of each unit cell is measured via a voltage measurement path (second voltage measurement path) connected to the two BS terminals 106 via 102. Thereby, when a leak occurs, the cell controller IC 100 can measure the cell voltage (inter-terminal voltage) of each unit cell twice by changing the influence of the voltage drop due to the leak.

  For example, consider a case where a leak occurs in the capacitor 103 connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the single battery cell 110 (cell 2) connected second from the top. In this case, as shown in FIG. 20, a leak resistor 131 exists in parallel with the capacitor 103, and a voltage drop occurs due to a leak current flowing through the leak resistor 131. The first voltage measurement path includes the leak resistance 131, and the voltage drop in the leak resistance 131 (the voltage across the leak resistance 131) is the voltage across the terminals of the cell 2 via the first voltage measurement path. As measured. Here, the leak current flows through the leak resistor 131 via the cell voltage input resistor 101 connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell 2. Therefore, the voltage across the leak resistor 131 is lower than the actual voltage across the cell 2. Therefore, in the measurement through the first voltage measurement path, a value lower than the actual voltage between the terminals of the cell 2 is measured.

  On the other hand, since the leak resistance 131 is not included in the second voltage measurement path, the voltage between the terminals of the cell 2 measured through the second voltage measurement path is the same as when no leak has occurred. There is no change. Therefore, in the measurement through the second voltage measurement path, the actual voltage between the terminals of the cell 2 is measured.

  As described above, there is a difference between the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path according to the leakage current. Occurs. By observing this difference, a leak can be detected.

  Further, in the voltage detection line SL2 connected to the positive electrode of the cell 2, for example, due to insulation failure of the wiring board at the voltage input terminal (CV terminal), insulation failure of the ESD countermeasure diode in the cell controller IC 100, etc. Consider a case where a leak occurs. In this case, there is a leak resistance on the voltage detection line SL2, and a leak current flows through the leak resistance and the cell voltage input resistance 101, so that a voltage input terminal (CV terminal) connected to the voltage detection line SL2 The potential decreases. Therefore, the inter-terminal voltage of the cell 2 measured through the first voltage measurement path is lower than the actual inter-terminal voltage of the cell 2 in the same manner as when the capacitor 103 leaks. On the other hand, since the leak resistance is not included in the second voltage measurement path, the voltage between the terminals of the cell 2 measured through the second voltage measurement path is the same as when no leak occurs and changes. do not do. Therefore, similarly to the case where a leak occurs in the capacitor 103, between the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path. Is different depending on the leakage current. By observing this difference, a leak can be detected.

  Further, consider a case where a leak occurs in the voltage detection line SL3 connected to the negative electrode of the cell 2. In this case, a leak resistance exists on the voltage detection line SL3, and a leak current flows through the leak resistance and the cell voltage input resistance 101, whereby a voltage input terminal (CV terminal) connected to the voltage detection line SL3. The potential decreases. Therefore, the inter-terminal voltage of the cell 2 measured through the first voltage measurement path is higher than the actual inter-terminal voltage of the cell 2, contrary to the case where the capacitor 103 leaks. On the other hand, since the leak resistance is not included in the second voltage measurement path, the voltage between the terminals of the cell 2 measured through the second voltage measurement path is the same as when no leak occurs and changes. do not do. Therefore, also in this case, there is a difference according to the leakage current between the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path. Occurs. By observing this difference, a leak can be detected.

  Further, consider a case where a leak occurs in the balancing switch 108 provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell 2. In this case, a leak resistance exists in parallel with the balancing switch 108, and a voltage drop occurs due to a leak current flowing through the leak resistance. The leak resistance is included in the second voltage measurement path, and a voltage drop at the leak resistance (a voltage across the leak resistance) is measured as a voltage across the terminals of the cell 2 via the second voltage measurement path. . Here, the leak current flows through the balancing resistor 102 to the leak resistor. Therefore, the voltage between both ends of the leak resistance is lower than the actual voltage between the terminals of the cell 2. Therefore, in the measurement through the second voltage measurement path, a value lower than the actual voltage between the terminals of the cell 2 is measured. On the other hand, since the leak resistance is not included in the first voltage measurement path, the voltage between the terminals of the cell 2 measured through the first voltage measurement path is the same as when no leak occurs and changes. do not do. Therefore, also in this case, there is a difference according to the leakage current between the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path. Occurs. By observing this difference, a leak can be detected.

  In addition, the leak detection based on the measurement result of the cell voltage through the different voltage measurement paths as described above can be performed in the cell controller IC100. Or you may perform in the battery controller 200 shown in FIG. That is, the cell controller IC 100 selects the voltage measurement path by performing the above-described operation in each circuit according to the command of the battery controller 200, and between the terminals of each unit cell 110 via the first voltage measurement path. The voltage is measured and the voltage between the terminals of each unit cell 110 is measured via the second voltage measurement path. And the measurement result of these voltage between terminals is transmitted to the battery controller 200 which is a high-order controller. The battery controller 200 can detect a leak that has occurred in the battery system connected to the cell controller IC 100 by comparing the measurement results of the inter-terminal voltage of each single battery cell 110 transmitted from the cell controller IC 100. .

  Further, in the circuit configuration of FIG. 20, the location of the leak can be determined by the method described below based on the measurement result of the voltage between the terminals for the two unit cells 110 adjacent to each other.

  For example, as described above, when leakage occurs in the capacitor 103, the voltage detection line SL2 connected to the positive electrode of the unit cell 110 (cell 2) connected second from the top and the voltage detection connected to the negative electrode Consider a case where a leak resistance 131 occurs between the line SL3. In this case, with respect to the cell 2, due to the voltage drop at the leakage resistor 131, the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path The above-mentioned difference occurs between the two. On the other hand, for the cells 1 and 3 adjacent to the cell 2, the leakage resistance 131 does not exist in the first voltage measurement path, so that the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the second There is no difference between the measurement results of the inter-terminal voltage via the voltage measurement path.

  Next, the voltage detection line SL2 connected to the positive electrode of the cell 2 and the negative electrode of the cell 1 or the voltage detection connected to the negative electrode of the cell 2 and the positive electrode of the cell 3 due to the above-described causes in the cell controller IC 100. Consider a case where a leak occurs with respect to the line SL3. In this case, if a leak occurs in the voltage detection line SL2, the cell 2 is connected via the first voltage measurement path due to a voltage drop at the leakage resistance existing on the voltage detection line SL2 as described above. Since the measured inter-terminal voltage is lower than the actual inter-terminal voltage of the cell 2, the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path There is a difference between the voltage measurement results. In addition, for the cell 1, the voltage between the terminals measured via the first voltage measurement path is higher than the actual voltage between the terminals of the cell 1, so that the voltage between the terminals via the first voltage measurement path is reduced. There is a difference between the measurement result and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path.

  On the other hand, if a leak has occurred in the voltage detection line SL3, the cell 2 is measured between the terminals measured via the first voltage measurement path due to a voltage drop at the leak resistance existing on the voltage detection line SL3. Since the voltage is higher than the actual voltage between the terminals of the cell 2, the measurement result of the voltage between the terminals via the first voltage measurement path and the measurement result of the voltage between the terminals via the second voltage measurement path There is a difference between In addition, for the cell 3, the voltage between the terminals measured via the first voltage measurement path is lower than the actual voltage between the terminals of the cell 3, so that the voltage between the terminals via the first voltage measurement path is reduced. There is a difference between the measurement result and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path.

  As described above, only the cell 2 has a difference between the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the first voltage measurement path and the measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage via the second voltage measurement path. If there is no difference between the cell 1 and the cell 3 adjacent to the cell 2, it can be determined that a leak has occurred between the two voltage detection lines SL2 and SL3 connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell 2, respectively. . On the other hand, for both the cells 1 and 2 or the cells 2 and 3 that are adjacent to each other, the measurement result of the voltage across the terminals via the first voltage measurement path and the distance between the terminals via the second voltage measurement path If there is a difference between the voltage measurement results, it can be determined that a leak has occurred in the cell controller IC 100. In this way, it is possible to determine where the leak occurs.

  In the above example, the cell controller IC 100 uses the multiplexers 1201 and 1202 and the selection switch 1203 to select the first voltage measurement path or the second voltage measurement path having different impedances. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the voltage measurement path can be selected by various methods. Further, the voltage measurement path passing through the cell voltage input resistor 101 is set as a first voltage measurement path, and the voltage measurement path passing through the balancing resistor 102 is set as a second voltage measurement path. Although it has been described that leakage is detected by comparing the cell voltages (inter-terminal voltages) of each single battery cell 110, the present invention is not limited to this. The battery system has a plurality of voltage measurement paths having different impedances, and the leakage of the battery system is detected based on the cell voltage (voltage between terminals) of each single battery cell 110 measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths. The present invention is applicable as long as it can be detected.

To summarize the above description, the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention has the following characteristics.
(1) A battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention monitors a battery system having a plurality of single battery cells and measures a cell voltage, which is a voltage between terminals of the single battery cell, and the voltage measurement section. Each cell has a voltage input resistor for inputting a cell voltage, a capacitor that forms an RC filter together with the voltage input resistor, and a leak detection switch that bypasses the voltage input resistor, and the leak detection switch is turned off. Measure the first cell voltage, which is the cell voltage when turned off, and the second cell voltage, which is the cell voltage when turned off, and detect the difference between the first cell voltage and the second cell voltage. It is possible to determine the presence or absence of capacitor leakage.
(2) Further, the battery system monitoring device according to the present invention, when it is determined that there is a leak in the capacitor, the first cell voltage and the second cell voltage measured when the vehicle equipped with the battery system monitoring device is started. Using the cell voltage, it is possible to correct the first cell voltage of the single battery cell corresponding to the capacitor during operation of the vehicle equipped with the battery system monitoring device. By correcting the first cell voltage, it is possible to avoid overcharging of the single battery cell, and to perform various diagnoses of the power storage device including the battery system and the battery monitoring device using the first cell voltage. Can be done accurately.
(3) Moreover, the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention includes balancing discharge resistors and a switching element that controls on / off of the balance discharge current, and performs balancing discharge for balancing the charge states of a plurality of unit cells. A balancing discharge circuit further comprising a discharge circuit and based on the first cell voltage and the second cell voltage measured when starting the vehicle having the battery system monitoring device when it is determined that there is a leak in the capacitor The switching element can be controlled so as to control the effective resistance value. Thereby, the overcharge of a single battery cell can be avoided.
(4) Furthermore, using the battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention, when it is determined that there is a leak in the capacitor, it is possible to cut off the connection between the battery system and the inverter that transmits and receives DC power.

(5) A battery system monitoring apparatus according to the present invention includes a cell controller IC 100 that controls a cell group 120 in which a plurality of unit cells 110 are connected in series, and a unit cell for measuring a voltage between terminals of the unit cells 110. 110 includes a plurality of voltage detection lines SL1 to SL5 that connect each of the positive and negative electrodes 110 and the cell controller IC100. The cell controller IC 100 can measure the inter-terminal voltage for each of the plurality of unit cells 110 via each of a plurality of voltage measurement paths having different impedances. The battery system monitoring device detects a leak in the battery system based on the inter-terminal voltage of the single battery cell 110 measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths. Since it did in this way, the leak by various causes is detectable.
(6) The cell controller IC 100 measures the voltage between the terminals of the single battery cell 110 through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths, thereby changing the influence of the voltage drop due to leakage to change the voltage between the terminals of the single battery cell 110. Measure multiple times. Since it did in this way, a leak can be detected reliably.
(7) The cell controller IC 100 connects the terminals of each of the plurality of single battery cells 110 via the first voltage measurement path via the cell voltage input resistor 101 and the second voltage measurement path via the balancing resistor 102. Each voltage can be measured. The battery system monitoring device converts the inter-terminal voltage of the single battery cell 110 measured through the first voltage measurement path and the inter-terminal voltage of the single battery cell 110 measured through the second voltage measurement path. Based on this, a leak of the battery system is detected. Since it did in this way, a leak can be detected easily and reliably about each single battery cell 110. FIG.
(8) The battery system monitoring device is configured such that the inter-terminal voltage measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for the upper unit cell among the two unit cells 110 adjacent to each other, and the two unit cells Based on the inter-terminal voltage measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for the lower unit battery cell of 110, it is possible to determine the occurrence location of the leak. Specifically, for the combination of cell 1 and cell 2 or the combination of cell 2 and cell 3, the voltage between terminals measured for each of the upper cell 1 or cell 2 through each of a plurality of voltage measurement paths If there is a difference and there is a difference between the voltages between terminals measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for the lower cell 2 or cell 3, it is determined that a leak has occurred in the cell controller IC 100. . On the other hand, there is a difference between the terminal voltages measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for only the upper cell 2 with respect to the cell 3 or the lower cell 2 with respect to the cell 1. Alternatively, when there is no difference with respect to the cell 1, it is determined that a leak has occurred between the two voltage detection lines SL2 and SL3 connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the cell 2, respectively. Since it did in this way, the occurrence location of a leak can be judged reliably. As a result, it is possible to take appropriate measures according to the location where the leak occurs.
(9) The cell controller IC 100 detects a leak of the battery system based on the voltage between the terminals of each single battery cell 110 measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths. Alternatively, the cell controller IC 100 selects a plurality of voltage measurement paths and measures the voltage between the terminals of each single battery cell 110 in accordance with a command from the battery controller 200, and each single battery cell 110 via the plurality of voltage measurement paths. The measurement result of the inter-terminal voltage is transmitted to the battery controller 200. The battery controller 200 detects a leak of the battery system based on the measurement result of the voltage between the terminals of each single battery cell 110 transmitted from the cell controller IC 100. Since it did in this way, leak detection is realizable in a battery system monitoring apparatus.

  The above description is an example of embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Those skilled in the art can implement various modifications without impairing the features of the present invention. Therefore, other forms conceivable within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.

10: Battery system monitoring device 100: Cell controller IC
101: Cell voltage input resistance (Rcv)
102: Balancing resistance (Rb)
103: Capacitor 104: Vcc terminal (VCC)
105: Voltage input terminal (CV)
106: Balancing terminal (BS terminal)
107: Ground terminal (GND terminal)
108: Balancing switch (BSW)
109: Leak detection switch 110: Single battery cell 120: Cell group 130: Battery system 131: Leak resistance (RL)
132: Leakage discharge current (IL)
200: Battery controller 201, 202: Signal isolator 210: Voltage sensor 220: Current sensor 300: Motor controller 310: Positive side contactor 320: Negative side contactor 330: Smoothing capacitor 340: Inverter 350: Motor 400: Vehicle controller 1201, 1202: Multiplexer 1203: Selection switch 1204: Comparator 1205: AD converter SL1-5: Voltage detection line BL: Balancing line GL: Ground line VL: Power supply line

Claims (8)

A battery system monitoring device for monitoring a battery system including a cell group in which a plurality of unit cells are connected in series,
A cell controller IC for controlling the cell group;
A plurality of voltage detection lines for connecting the cell controller IC and each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the single battery cell for measuring the voltage between the terminals of the single battery cell;
The cell controller IC is capable of measuring the inter-terminal voltage via each of a plurality of voltage measurement paths having different impedances from each other for each of the plurality of unit cells.
The battery system monitoring apparatus which detects the leak of the said battery system based on the said voltage between terminals measured through each of these voltage measurement path | routes. The battery system monitoring device according to claim 1,
The cell controller IC measures the voltage between the terminals through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths, thereby changing the influence of the voltage drop due to the leak and measuring the voltage between the terminals a plurality of times. apparatus. The battery system monitoring device according to claim 1 or 2,
The cell controller IC includes a balancing switch connected between a voltage detection line connected to a positive electrode of the single battery cell and a voltage detection line connected to a negative electrode for performing balancing discharge of the single battery cell. Prepare for each battery cell,
The voltage detection line is provided with a voltage input resistor in series,
A balancing discharge circuit composed of the balancing switch and a balancing resistor connected in series to the balancing switch is connected between a voltage detection line connected to the positive electrode of the unit cell and a voltage detection line connected to the negative electrode. And
The connection point between the balancing discharge circuit and the voltage detection line connected to the positive electrode of the single battery cell, and the connection point between the balancing discharge circuit and the voltage detection line connected to the negative electrode of the single battery cell, respectively, Provided on the cell group side from the voltage input resistance,
The cell controller IC determines the inter-terminal voltage for each of the plurality of unit cells via a first voltage measurement path via the voltage input resistance and a second voltage measurement path via the balancing resistance. Each can be measured,
A battery for detecting leakage of the battery system based on the inter-terminal voltage measured via the first voltage measurement path and the inter-terminal voltage measured via the second voltage measurement path System monitoring device. In the battery system monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The inter-terminal voltage measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for the upper unit cell of two adjacent unit cells, and the lower unit cell of the two unit cells A battery system monitoring device that determines the occurrence of the leak based on the inter-terminal voltage measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths. The battery system monitoring device according to claim 4,
There is a difference between the voltages measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for the upper unit cell, and each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for the lower unit cell. If there is a difference between the measured inter-terminal voltages, it is determined that the leak has occurred in the cell controller IC,
When there is a difference between the terminal voltages measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths for only one of the upper unit cell or the lower unit cell, the unit cell The battery system monitoring apparatus which judges that the said leak generate | occur | produced between the two said voltage detection lines each connected to the positive electrode and negative electrode of a cell. In the battery system monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The cell controller IC detects a leak of the battery system based on the inter-terminal voltage measured through each of the plurality of voltage measurement paths. In the battery system monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
A battery controller for controlling the cell controller IC;
The cell controller IC performs the selection of the plurality of voltage measurement paths and the measurement of the voltage between the terminals according to a command of the battery controller, and the measurement result of the voltage between the terminals via the plurality of voltage measurement paths To the battery controller,
The battery controller is a battery system monitoring device that detects leakage of the battery system based on the measurement result of the voltage between the terminals transmitted from the cell controller IC. The battery system monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
A power storage device including a cell group in which a plurality of single battery cells are connected in series, and a battery system monitored by the battery system monitoring device.

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